JPRS ID: 8822 JAPAN REPORT

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: JPRS
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP82-00850R000200030036-7
• Release Decision: RIF
• Original Classification: U
• Document Page Count: 55
• Document Creation Date: November 1, 2016
• Sequence Number: 36
• Content Type: REPORTS

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JPRS L!8822
17 December 1979
N
, Ja an R~ ort
p p
C~OUO 35/79)
~g~$ FOREIGN BROADCaST INFORMATION SERVICE ~
. FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
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NOTE
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- transmissions and broadcasts. Materials from foreign-language
sources are translated; those from English-language sources
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other characteristics retained.
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are supplied by JPRS. Processing indicators such as [Text)
or [Excerpt] in th~ first line of each item, or following the
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mation was summarized or extracte~.
Unfamiliar names rendered phonetically or transliterated are
enclosed in parentheses. Words or names preceded by a ques-
~ tion mark and enclosed in parentheses were not clear in the
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Other unattributed parenthetical notes within the body of an
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- given by source.
The contents of this publication in no way represent the poli-
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JPRS L/8822
17 December 1979
JAPA~i REPORT
(FOUO 35/79)
CONTENTS PAGE
FOLITICAL AND SOCIOLOGICAL
JCP Chairman Gives Opening Address at Party Plenary Session
(JPS, 20 Nov 79) 1
JCP Issues Communique on lOth Plenum
_ (JPS, 21 Nov 79) 5
'ASAHI' on Ohira's Choices for Top LDP Posts
(Editorial; ASAHI EVENING NEWS, 20 Nov 79) 7
'YOMrURI' Columnist on Ongoing LDP Factional Strife
(Raisuke Honda; THE DAILY YOMIURI, 23 Nuv 79)........... 9
'YOMIURI' Comments on Inauguration of 'Wisemen's Group'
(Various sources, 17, 20 Nov 79) 12
~
Developing Sound Economic Ties, Editorial
_ Tasks for Japan-U.S. 'Wisemen's' Panel, Editorial
'AKAHATA' Cricizes UN Resolution on Kampuchea
~ (JPS, 16 Nov 79) 16
_ Japanese Survey: Majority Friendly Toward U.S., China
(THE JAPAN TIMES, 24 Nov 79) 17
Japan Plans To Convert Iwo Jima Into Military Base
(THE DAILY YOMIURI, 2'0 Nov 79) 19
- - a - [III - ASIA - ll.l FOUO]
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CONTENTS (Continued) Page
ECONOMIC
Oktta: ASLAN Should Not Fear Japaneae Aid to China
(MAINICHI DAILY NEWS, 25 Nov 79) 21
Japan's Dollar Loans to Other Countries Falling Sharply -
(MAINICHI DAILY NEWS, 24 Nov 79) 23
'MAINICHI' Comments on U.S. Ban om Iranian Oil Imports ~
(Editorial; Pi~INICHI DAILY NEWS, 15 Nov 79) 25 =
Japan Engineers' Service Asked for PRC Overseas Projects
(THE JAPAN TIMES, 23 Nov 79) 27
'SANK~I': Japan Ships 'Strategic Material' to North Korea
(Akihiko Ushiba; SANKEI SHIMF3UN, 25 Nov 79) 29
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
High-Strength, High Temperature Aluminum Composite Developed
(NIKKAN KOGYO SHIMBUN, 4 Sep 79) 31
Amorphous Steel Sheet Development To Start in JFY 1980
(NIHON KOGYO SHIMBUN, 20 Sep 79) 34 ~
- Plant for Satellites-Use CFRP Composites Started
(NIKKEI SE~NGYO SHIMBUN, 26 Oct 79) 37 '
New Design tor Josephson Effect Element Developed
(NIHON KOGYO SHIMBUN, 30 Oct 7~) 39 .
_ Major Field Test of Solar Cell Panels To Start
(NIKKEI SANGYO SHIMBUN, 30 Oct 79) 42 -
Organic Material Solar Cells Believed Promising
(NIKKEI SANGYO SHIMBUN, 30 Oct 79) 44
Auto Patent, Utility Model Applications Soaring
(NIKKEI SANGYO SHIMBUN, 8 Sep 79) 46
Mitsubishi Motors Preparing To Produce Diesel Car
(NIKKAN KdGYO SHIl~IBUN, 11 Sep 79) 49
-b-
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POLITICAL AND SOCIOLOGICAL
JCP CHAIRMAN GIVES OPENING ADDRESS AT PARTY PLENARY SESSION
OW201033 Tokyo JFS in English 0904 GMT 20 Nov 79 OW
[Text] Tokyo, 20 Nov JP~1--Presidium Chairman Kenji Miyamoto gave the open-
_ ing address at the lOth Plenum of the Central Committee of the Japanese Com-
munist Party, on the first day of the plenum which opened on November 19
at party headquarters in Tokyo.
He said that the lOth Central Committee Plenum has two tasks, that is, to
discuss and decide an the agenda to be present to the 15th party congress,
and to promote the "months" [as received] to be tackled before the congress.
The previous 14th. congress fully analyzed the retreat of the party in the
two national elections, and laid keystone and created conditions for the _
- new advance and victory of the party. Confident in the general course of
the party, and with dauiltless courage, the party struggled in the simultan-
eous local elections and the general election, and was ~,ble to r.each the
highest peak in partl� history. The forthcoming 15th congress carries two
tasks, that is, standing on these achievements but not contented with them,
to promote further advance of the party toward fulfillment of the historic
mission of the party, and especially to make clear perspectives for a pro-
gressive change in politics in conformity with the original three goals of
progress, and for victory for the progressive forces in the 1980's, and to
elaborate the course of the construction of a big and strong Japanese Com-
munist Party, the motive force of the formation of a progressive united front.
[[JPS]Editor's note: Three goals of progress are, (1) to break off with the
Japan-U.S. military alliance and to realize a Japan of neutrality, (2) to
break through politics serving interests of big capital and to carry out
politics to defend the people's life and living, and (3) to oppose the full
revival and strengthening of militarism. and to realize democratic manage-
' ment of the Diet and defend democracy.J -
The draft resolution, to be presented to the entire par~ty for discussion,
will make scientific analysis o~ the situation in and abroad, based on the
1
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summing up of the domestic and international situation and especially on ~
- the rol~ of respective political forces revealed particularly through the
recent confusion among the Liberal Democratic Party, and will also raise
tasks of struggles in respective ~ields, a proper way of being of a national
center of the trade union movement and a policy of the party to cope with it, _
and the course of development of the party both in quality and quantity. In
~ order to open a way toward social progress and 2 change, which is suitable
to the historical. conditions of Japan, in lin~ with the general course of
~ the party program, the most important key lies on the strengthening of the -
- Japanese Communist Party as a mass vanguard party, i
- To build up a party which is able to win a victory over the right-leaning
opposition parties in the fields of both daily activities and elections, it
is especially important at present to achieve the goals set out for the
"months" and to climb a new summit, the JCP Presidium chairman stressed.
He explained the political nature of the intra-party strife among the Liber-
al Democratic Party, which had lasted for 40 days since the general election,
and the characteristics of the 2d Ohira Cabinet.
The recent disorder inside the LDP has revealed that the party cannot escape
from historical decline and that the recent confusion itself was nothing but
one scene of the process, he aeserted. -
Miyamoto emphasized what Pri.me Minister Ohira said that he would take the j
responsibility of defeat in the general election by implementing public ~
pledges, is an expression of his determination to meet expectations of the !
Japanese financial circles and the U.S. by carrying through conservative and
_ reactionary policy, and to revive LDP politics. He pointed out that Justice
Minister Kuraishi's remarks aimed at defending the accused of Lockheed pay-
off scandal and the rise of question that State Minister Keizo Obuchi was in !
collusion with KDD irregularities has revealed that the Ohira Cabinet itself ~
should be the first target of enforcement of regulation.
Pointing out that important posts of the cabinet was taken by a Tanaka group,
and that the Tanaka group was intended to crush the advance of the progres-
sive forces, he definitely said that the second Ohira Cabinet is an "old"
_ cabinet in its essence.
- Miyamoto said references of scientific socialism point out that the roles
and basic character of respective parties will come clearer under political
- canfusion and political crisis, and that these points wi21 become conspicuous
particularly under the disarray of the LDP. He stressed what the New Liberal
Club, the Democratic ~ocialist Party, and the Komei Party clearly showed _
their intention to ally themselves with the part of the LDP, if the LDP was ~
split, provided again the true picture of their identity, as new governmQnt
parties. .
2 -
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Referring to the consideration of the talks between the leaders of the Komei ~
and Democratic Socialist parties and the inauguration of their consultati.ve
committee on a~~uture centrist government, Miyamoto pointed out that these
parties were essentially taking the same line as the Liberal Democrar3c Party.
He said that it would obviously lead to a more naked and dangerous reaction-
ary government than the LDP government, a government that would add to the -
LDP line the policy of repres~ion of the democratic rights of the trade union
from the position of the DSP and the Japanese Confederation of Labor (Domei).
Referring to the recent tendency of the Soci~~list Party, he said "unhappy
enough, the Socialist Party has clearly lost the progressive orientation."
It may be possible for the Socialist Party to change its attitude toward the
- Japan-IJ.S. militiary alliance, he said, but the socialists are calling for a
~ change in the Japan-U.S. relations by maintaining the San Francisco system,
which is the ground for allowing the U.S. to set up the military bases in
Japan, as well as the Japan-U.S. security treaty. This means that they wi"11
endorse the present reality as it is, Miyamoto added.
The JCP Presidium chairman also spoke about the absurd approach to the Komei
Party of the leadership of the General Council of Trade Unions (Sohyo).
He ~ook up the recent remarks by Sohyo Pre~ident Motofumi Makieda, who had
said that "the Co~unist Party can be excluded in order to make a success
of the consultation between the Socialist and Komei parties on the govern-
ment problem." This shows, he said, a very inconsistent and unprincipled
attitude, surprising many trade union leaders, and is most explicit expres-
sion of the fallacy of imposing support for a particular party on the union
members. He stressed that the Makieda remarks, which called for a mobiliza-
tion of trade unions as a detachment of the Komei Party which is clearly an
anti-progressive force, are an extreme manifestation of the weakness in the
Japanese trade union movement.
In this regard, he recalled what he had pointed out at the 4th Central Com-
mittee Plenum of the 8th party congress in 1962. At that time he said "In
view of the great goal are [as received] principle of the unification of the
l.abor front, so long as Sohyo maintains the basic policy of forcing the union _
members to support for a particular political party, viz, the Socialist Party,
we cannot appreciate Sohyo as the parent body of a united labor front just
because it is a relatively large trade union organization." He said that
the current situation corroborated what he had pointe.d out and pre.dicted
almost twenty years before. The sectarian and partisan methods of Sohyo
and Domei constitute the most serious weakness o~ the Japanese Trade Union
Movement, which hampers the class-based democratic development of the
movement.
Miyamoto said that the strategy of the Komei Party is to bring the Socialist
Party into a great coalitian of the LDP, Komei and the DSP. Although the
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Socialist Party has not yet announcen that it will recognize such a great
coalition, it is clear from the logic of class struggle that the Komei Party
- is urging the Socialist Party to go toward such a direction.
"We cannot say that there is no possibility that the Socialist Party will `
fall decisively to anti-progressive roads. We never hope that the Socialist
Party will go along this road, but we have to apprehend that the JSP has such
possibility, Miyamoto said. If the Japan Socialist Party falls to this road,
it is quite clear that supporters of the Socialist Party, who want the JSP
~ a"progressive party," will deci~ively depart from the JSP, as was evidenced
in the severe setback of the JSP in the general election after the Katayama
Cabinet, coalition of JSP-conservative, Miyamoto stressed. _
If the Communist Party has from 80 to 90 seats in the House of Representatives,
almost equal to the number of Socialists seats, or at least outnumbering the
Komei Party, the general situat?on will make a certain change, Miyamoto said. -
Miyamoto stressed the significance that the key issue of the establishment
- of a progressive united front is to occupy strong stance of the Japanese
Communist Party in the national poltiics.
CSO: 4120 ~
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POLITICAL AND SOCIOLOGICAL
JCP ISSUES COMMUNIQUE ON lOTH PLENUM
- OW211021 Tokyo JPS in English 0927 GMT 21 Nov 79 OW ~
[Text] Tokyo, 21 Nov JPS--The secretariat nf the Japanese Communist Party on _
_ November 20 issued a communique on the lOth Central Co~nittee Plenum of the
party. The full text follows:
The lOth Central Committee Plenum of the JCP was held on November 19 and 20
at party headquarters.
Presided over by Central Co~ittee Chairman Sanzo Nosaka, the plenum opened,
and Presidium Chairman Kenji Miyamoto gave an opening speech on behalf of
the presidium. `
In the plenum, representing the presidiums secretariat chief Tetsuzo Fuwa
made an explanation on the submitted draf t resolution of the 15th congress. _
Representing the presidium, standing presidium member. Harumatsu Ebisudani
explained the draft of partial amendment to the partq constitution.
In the plenum, the standing presidium member Tadato Miyamoto reported on
the promotion of "months for the implementation of public pledges, propaga-
tion of party policies and expansion of party strength." Standing presidium
member Kichiro Akeda report?d on activities in preparation for the House of
Councillors election.
The plenum discussed these agenda items earnestly. In discussion, the fol-
lowing problems were taken up: The people's expectation to the JCP after
the general election; the confusion in the Liberal Democratic Party caused
by the political crisis, and the characteristics of moves of the right-
learning opposition parties and the Socialist Party, and the role of the
Japanese Communist Party; the importance of struggle being fought with ambi-
ti_on to make the 1980's an era of victory for a progressive united front,
the moves in the labor front toward right-leaning reorganization of the
labor front and the way of being of a national center of workers movement;
speech meetings in nationwide and wi.nning results in the expansion of party
strength; the importance in overcoming passive attitude newly appearing among "
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party members--contented with the big advance of the JCP in the general
election and not taking a new step ~orward--, especially the task of hasten-
ing the tempo in the expansion of party strength; the task of getting all
_ party members' participation in activities; education o~ new party members;
aid to the Democratic Youth League in its months for expansion of inembers
_ and expansion of JCP members in the league; new significance in setting
the goal of votes to be garnered in the House of Councillors election and
activities of the supporters' association; on the anti-communist attacks
following the general election and on the continuation of and pushing ahead
with the dissemination of clean-up pamphlets to defeat the attacks, and dis-
seminiation of magazines including WOMEN'S PLAZA.
Presidium Chairman Kenji Miyamoto also took part in the discussion.
After the discussion, Secretariat Chief Tetsuzo Fuwa gave concluding remarks
on the opininns expressed on the draft resolution of the congress, and
standing presidium member Tadato Miya?aoto gave concluding remarks on the
- promotion of the "months" and the preparation for the House of Councillors
election.
The plenum put the draft resolution of the 15th party congress and the draft
partial amendments to the party constitution to vote, and approved them un-
animously. The two drafts are immediately submitted to discussion by the
- entire party and will be proposed to the 15th party congress, to be held
from January 15 next year.
The plenum decided on the items for selection of delegates to the 15th con-
gress, in conformity with article 25 of the party constitution.
- The plenum unanimously approved the opening speech given by Presidium Chair-
man Kenji Miyamoto, and the repor~s and concluding remarks on the promotion
of the "months" and the preparation for the House of Councillors election.
- In order to hold a successful 15th congress which will be a historic congress
to make the 1980`s an era of victory for the progressive united front, the
, plenum is determined to achieve the tasks of the "months" without fail.
Then the plenum closed.
- CSO: 4120
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POLITICAL AND SOCIOLOGICAL
'ASAH'I' ON OHIRA'S CHOICES FOR TOP LDP POSTS
OW210647 Tokyo ASAHI EVENING NEWS in English 20 Nov 79 p 5 OW
[ASAHI SHIMBUN 18 November editorial: "Ohira Administration"]
[Text] As a result of the selection of the top three officials of the Liberal-
_ Democratic Party, the line-uF of the new Ohira administration has been com-
pleted.
When his new cabinet was formed, Prime Ministar Masayoshi Ohira promised
the people he would di.scipline officials, establish pnlitical morality and
bring about administrative and financial reforms. But will he be able to
carry out the necessary political reforms and execute the policies with the
people he has chosen to work with? But even more important, is Ohira reallq
determined to act? Ma.ny people are skeptical. af the new administration.
The influence of the Kakuei Tanaka faetion is very obvious in many of the
appointments. Zenko Suzuki, who is close to former Prime Minister Tanaka,
was appointed chairman of the LDP executive board, which is the third most
- powerful organization in the party after the party convention and general
meeting of Diet members. In the cabinet also, out of 20 posts, the Tanaka
faction won four important posts, including the posts of finance minister,
who is responsible for finances, taxes and tariffs, home affairs minister
and chairman of the Nationa.l Safety Commission.
Ten out of 25 parliamentary vice-ministers are Diet members from the Tanaka
faction. Tanaka faction leaders now chair the lower house steering committee,
which is a pivot for Di~_t operations, and the budget committee. Also it
must not be overlooked +~hat a Dietman close to the Tanaka faction and a mem-
ber of the Tanaka faction head the special cotnmittees on aircraft imports
of both houses. These committees are responsible for investigating poli-
t3cal scandals.
What does all this mean? It is true that the Tanaka faction is still so
powerful within the I.DP that the Ohira government needed its support to stay
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in offic~. Some may contend that i~ was inevitable that this faction should
occupy important administra*_ive posts. But if the leading roles in admin-
istering government are le~t up to m~n ~aho recognize Tanaka, now being tried
in the Lockheed payoff scandal, as their leader, will it be possible for
Ohira to conduct the thorough "housecleaning" he promised?
For instance, Masaharu Gotoda, who was appointed the chairman of the Nation-
al Safety Commission, has always been criticized for his free use of money
to will political power. Tadao Kuraishi, who became the new justice minister,
astonished everyon.~ when he said iu~ediately after assuming office that he
hoped Tanaka would be cleared of the charges iri the Lockheed case. We feel
that the true intentions of this cabinet are now being betrayed both in con-
nection with the series of scandals which began with the Lockheed case and
in connection with political and administrative corruption.
It has already been revealed that a new cabinet member, Director-~eneral
Keizo Obuchi of the prime minister's offi~e who belongs to the Tanaka faction,
had gotten 2 million yen worth of tickets to one of his fund-raising parties
purchased by the Kokusai Denshin Denwa Co., which is involved in a series
of scandals. Many of the men making up the new Ohira administration are
responsible for some of the problems plaguing the government.
= As a result of Ohira's greed for political power and repercussions from the
fighting within the LDP, there were neither a policy speech by the prime min-
ister nor questions by the opposition parties in the special Biet which
closed on 16 November. We must also point out at this time that Ohira thus
failed to meet even his minimum obligations to the nation.
The Diet deliberations to make up for the political lapse ever since the
- dissolution of the lower house have been put off to the extraordinary Diet
_ starting on 26 Novembex and to the regular Diet session which follows. If
the name, "Society To Better the LDP," is not just a mere slogan, t~?e non-
mainstream factions within the LDP should continue to use their position as
insiders to blow a whistle on the administration over how it implements
policies and political goals, .
- Only if the non-mainstream factions use their influence to force the admin-
istration to carry out some o� the promises it made will they be living up
to their responsibility to the people and some good might come from the
fighting within the LDP. Covering up the matter with the label "unified
- party, harmonious system" is merely deceiving the people.
Both the mainstream and non-mainstream factions o~ the LDP under the new Ohira
administration must realize that each and every one of their actions is being
carefully watched by the people.
COPYRIGHT: Asahi Evening News 1979
- ~SO: 4120
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POLITICAL AND SOCIOLOGICAL _
~
- 'YOMIUI2T' COLiJMr1IST ON ONGOING LDP FACTIONAL STRIFE
OW261221 Tokyo T~IE DAILY YOMIURI in English 23 Nov 79 p 3 OW
["Political Beat" column by Raisuke Honda: "Ohira Troubles Not Over"]
[Text] Prime Minister Ohira, who concurrently is president of the Liberal-
Democratic Party (LDP), narrowly managed to form a cabinet and appoint new _
party executives but must sti11 contend with LDP dissidents over party af-
fairs.
His party's nonleadership factions have demanded strongly that an overall re-
view be made of the LDP presidential electior_ system. They argue that a
_ tentative freeze should be placed on holding of party primaries in t~~e next
presidential race late next year. _
- The anti-Ohira factions had "three conditions" for accepting reluctantly the
nominations by Ohira of the three new LDP executives.
One of the most important conditions is the demand for reexamining the party
presidential election system.
The faction led by Ohira's strongest rival Takeo Fukuda is particularly ada-
ment on this issue, demanding that the forthcoming LDP presidential election
primaries be "frozen."
. According to Fukuda and his faction members, the primaries, if.held as
scheduled in November next year, would be preceded by scrambling among rival
factions for supporters at a time when the LD~' must solidify party unity to
secure victory in the House of Councilors election next summer.
The intraparty disarray resulting from factional vo~e-get~ing campaigns for
the primaries would lead to another LDP setback in the Upper House election
possibly allowing the oppostion to reverse the power balance in the house,
- Fukuda says.
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LiUeral-Democrats seeking reelection in the Upper House Election, held every
three years ~or a six-year term, will number 59, while the seats o~ 66 other
LDP members of the house are not at stake.
This means that the LDP will have to secure at least 61 seats in the coming -
election to maintain a majority in the 252-seat Upper House. -
No optimism is warranted for the LDP in the election since the factional
_ enmity during the 40-day power struggle following the October 7 general elec- ~
tion is still smoldering, while the popularity of the LDP has declined sharp-
ly as shown by the latest opinion po11s.
_ Under the circumstances, it would seem that the demand by the anti-Ohira .
factions for a review of the party presidential election and a freeze on the
, primaries makes sense. ~
Former Premier Fukuda, who suffered an "entirely unexpected" defeat at the
= hands of Ohira in the last presidential primaries, appears to have especially
strong wishes to block the forthcoming pr:Lmaries.
For Premier Ohira and also the leadership of Ohira and Tanaka factions as a
whole, the demand for a freeze on the coming primaries is simply out of the
_ question.
The Ohira-Tanaka factions, which gave the post of the party secretary-general
unwillingly to the anti-Ohira camp, are keen to reestablish their intraparty _
power base by means of a victory in the coming Upper House election and then -
_ securing reelection of Ohira as LDP leader in the next presidential primaries.
Encouraged by the prospects that Fukuda is unlikely to run in the next LDP
presidential race, the two leadership factions have already been staging re-
cruitment campaigns for supporters.
Indicatzons are that the next party presidentia]. election, if held as sched- ~
uled, would be fought between Ohira, Yasuhiro Nakasone and Toshio Komoto,
which would be almost certain to end in an easy victory of Ohira.
With the aim of ironing out the differences between the leadership and non-
leadership factions, talks were held this Thursday between Ohira and repre-
sentatives of the nonleadership factions, Ryutaro Nemoto, and Ha~ime Fukuda
with no factional affiliation.
In order to hold the presidential primaries as scheduled, Ohira has to settle
the matter in a couple o~ weeks, because the deadline to enlist new party '
- members eligible for the primaries is December 20.
A majority of general LDP members reportedly favor holding the presider~tial '
- primaries as scheduled, while the nonleadership faction led by Takeo Miki '
seems rather negative in siding with Fukuda`s demand to freeze the primaries. :
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Although Ohira appears to be in an advantage~us position on this issue,
the premier seems worried abou t the reaction from the ~ukuda faction and
other anti-Ohira factions should he reject their demand to freeze the presi-
dential grimaries. .
_ COPYRIGHT: The Daily Yomiuri 1979
CSO: 4120 -
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POLITICAL AND SOCIOLOGICAL
: i
, i
'YOMIURI' COMMENTS ON INAUGURATION.OF 'WISEMEN'S GROUP'
Developing Sound Economic Ties -
OW201015 Tokyo THE DAILY YOMIURI in English 17 Nov 79 p 2 OW
[Editorial: "The Wisemen"]
[Text] The "wisemen's group," a Japan-U.S. consultative body on bilateral
economic matters, has finally come into existance.
_ Creation of the group was decided at the Washington summit in May when Prime
Minister Ohira called on President Carter.
I
Their joint statement said that the group, made up of a small number of noted
persons from the private sector, would be organized with a view to having it
- propose proper steps to maintain sound bilateral economic ties to the Japan-
ese premier and the U.S. President. '
The once imbalanced bilateral economic rela~ions have been improved further
- since the Washington summit. '
_ 3apan's balance of current accounts has turned lnto deficit and the imbalanced j
trade surplus has been dwindling as a result of increased U.S. exports to
Japan. ,
Nevertheless, the current improved situation is a transitory one and the
fundamental causes producing the economic friction have hardly been corrected. ~
The main cause of the economic friction is a difference of international com- -
petition between the products of the two countries.
Fair Competition .
Compared with this factor, the problems o~ Japan's restricted market, export-
oriented economic structure and illogical reaction ~rom the U.S. Congress
are peripheral ones.
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Japan has increased labor productivity to a large extent while that in the
U.S. is lingering.
It is glad ne.ws that reflection and recognition of this fact is spreading in
the U.S.
It seems certain that competition in development of advanaPd technology will
become severe between the two countries :tn thA 1980's.
We can understand the apprehension of the U.S. but it will be impossible to
construct bilateral sound economic relations if the U.S. rejects the tech-
nological competition. Tn this sense the problem is how to compete fairly.
We hape the wisemen's group will show a satisfactory guideline in relation
- to this issue.
- Another important matter to be tackled by this group is the problem of a
bilateral cooperation which is represented by the alternative energy source
_ development.
The current depreciation of the yen may threaten to cause friction as a re-
sult of expected increase in export of certain goods from Japan. But such a
problem can and should be solved through private sector-level negotiations.
The wisemen's group should tackle more important pro~lems from a far and
wider range of viewpoint.
COPYRIGHT: ~'he~ Daily Yomiuri 1979
~ Tasks for Japan-U.S. 'Wisemen's' Panel
OW210429 Tokyo THE JAPAN TIMES in English 20 Nov 79 p 12 OW
[Editorial: "Tasks for Japan, U.S. 'Wisemen
~ [Text] A Japan-U.S. panel made up of both prominent business leaders and
. former public officials with a distinguished record of service has now been
formed to advise the two governments about managing the economic relations
_ beti:~een the tr,ro largest industrial democracies into the 1980's. Prime
Minister Masayoshi Ohira and U.S. President Jimmy Carter agreed on the de-
- sirability of securing the services of such a group when they met as early
as in May.
The committee ought to have started functioning much earlier. In spite of
the delay, the group's coming into being is to be welcomed. It is an in-
dication that at least some people in the private industries and governments
of the two countries realize the Japan-U.S. economic relations are in need
of constant care and, better sti11, some more planning.
As far as the bilateral economic ties ave concerned, the once acute tension
- is gone now and relative quiet has returned to the Japan-U.S. trade scene.
But the need for conscious efforts to keep their economic exchanges on a
stable footing is shown, for one, by the persistence of a sizable trade
deficit on the U.S. part.
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~
In January-September this year, the U.S. ran a deficit of $6.6 billion in
trade with.Japan, making it probable to incur a trade imbalance of about
$8 billion for the whole o~ 1979. This is a ma~or improvement from last
year`s $11.6 billion trade gap. The delayed effect of sharp rises in the
yen rate in 1977-1978, the cyclical expansian of Japanese imports and the
_ large increases in oil prices have combined to nearly eliminate Japan's global
trade surplus.
It is true nonetheless that a bilateral trade deficit in the order of $6
billion to $8 billion in one un~.ikely to be accepted by any country for too
long and. with ease. The impact of the Japanese export surplus is felt more
strongly in some industrial sectors than in oth,ers.
In the field of automobile trade, for example, ala'rm was voiced over the
continuing expansion of Japanese car sales in the U.S. by U.S. Congressmen,
management and labor leaders. Exports of Japanese-made automobiles topped
the one-million mark for the first time for a half-year period this year
(April to September).
U.S. automobile industry leaders point to the lopsided balance in the Japan-
U.S. automobile trade--raith Japanese car sales in the U.S. reaching some -
$8 billion a year compared with $200 million in sales in the Japanese market _
fcr U.S. car makers. U.S. automobile labor union leaders more boldly ask
for relief against the rising imports of Japanese-made cars, even raising the
possibility of a boycott.
Despite the demonstrated Japanese vulnerability in the oil and energy field,
Japan's private industry still remains strongly competitive vis-a-vis that
of the U.S. How to contain inflation and the superhigh rate of interest -
seem to be the two main preoccupations of economic policy in the U.S. at
present. The unprecedentedly large spread in the U.S. and Japanese rates
of interest are something that was unthinkable for most of the postwar period
_ when money costs remained consistently higher here than in the U.S. -
The rate of interest, like that of inflation, serves as a broad gauge of
relative national economic strength. The historically high rate of interest
in the U.S. is yet another indication of the diminished comFeting power of
the U.S. economy.
Mr. Nobuhiko Ushiba, one of the four Japanese members of the advisory group
rightly defined its assignment as one of identifying potential sources of
Japan-U.S. economic conflict and recommending preventive measures against
them to the two governments. There are a number of unresolved short-term
probl~ms between the U.S. and Japan, such as the extent of liberalizatior: ~f
procurement activities by Japanese Governnent agencies, the marketing of im-
_ ported tobacco products, reciprocity in the treatment of Japanese and foreign ~
banks.
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But the approach agreed upon in May be Messrs. Ohira and Carter is new and
m~st significant in that the two leaders accepted the need for medium- and -
longer-term measures to place the ~uture development of the two largest non- -
communist economies on a compatible course. These should be directed, among
other things, at facilitating, rather than resisting, the change in the
industrial structure, encouraging new investment to raise productivity and
wiping out some remnants of "closed" Japanese institutions and practices.
And ultimately, economic issues are inseparable from those of security as
is best exemplified in the groblem of energy. Limiting the outbreak of =
. damaging Japan-U.S. economic clashes and heZping the U.S, to regain economic
health are as sensible an effort as is the Japanese policy of supporting, in-
stead of undermining, the U.S. resolve to preserve the requisite strategic
balance in this and other regions of the world.
COPYRIGHT: The Japan Times Inc. 1979
CSO: 4120
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POLITICAL AND SO~IOLOGICAL �
_ ~
'AKAHATA' CRITICIZES UN RESOLUTION ON KANIPUCHEA
OW161005 Tokyo JPS in English 0905 GMT 16 Nov 79 OW _
[Text] Tokyo, 16 Nov JPS--The November 16 issue of AKAHATA severely criti-
cized the "Draft UN Resolution" on Cambodia, presented by the ASEAN countries.
The paper said that ASEAN was "~ttempting to hinder the stabilization process
~ in Cambodia, under the disguise of humanitarianism."
"It is clear," AKAIiATA said, "tha.t this draft resolution is aimed at 'pro-
tecting' the remnants of the Pol Pot clique."
On the issue of the so-called "immediate withdrawal of foreign troops from !
Cambodia," as stated in the draft the paper made it clear that Vietnam is ~
aiding Cambodia with allout ef~orts by providing materials and personnel,
in conformity with the arrangements made by the Vietnam-Cambodia treaty,
thus helping Cambodia to overcome disastrous effects left by the former Cam-
bodian regime of Pol Pot. It also said that ASEAN is thus trying to sabotage
the reconstruction of Cambodia as well as Vietnam's aid for Cambodia." '
- Comment~gon the proposal for an "international conferenee on Cambodia,"
stated in tbe draft, AKAI;ATA said that this-i,s an international maneuver to
forcibly set up a reactionary regime in Cambodia, by using Sihanouk and
others.
The paper also said "It is quite possible that China, which has been declaring ;
"further punishment of Vietnam," will strengthen its hostility toward and
- intervention in the Indochina countries, taking advantage of the ASEAN-
proposed draft of a UN resolution."
AKAHATA strongly condemned the "ASEAN draft resolution" as it contains "very
inhumane and unjust" proposals. It also condemned the Japanese Government,
_ saying that its "responsibility is very great, in that it provided groundwork
for this draft resolution in the form o~ a"(Foreign Minister) Sonoda Plan"
and has actively undertaken maneuvering behind the scene in the United Nations."
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POI.ITICAL AND 50CIOLQGICAL -
JAPANESE SURV.EY: MAJORITY FRIENDLY TOWARD U.S., CHINA
OW260037 Tokyo THE JAPAN TIMES in English 24 Nov 79 p 2 OW
[Text] Seven out of every 10 Japanese feel friendly toward the United States
and China, but almost the same percentage o~ people feel unfriendly toward
the Soviet Union, according to a government opinion po11 released Friday.
The survey taken early last August also showed that 41 percent of the re-
spondents entertained friendly sentiments toward South Korea, Japan's geo-
graphically closest neighbor, whi1Q 47 percent felt otherwise.
The poll was conducted to sound the views of the general public on Japan's
foreign relations, the prime minister's office explained. It covered a
sample of 3,00 men and women aged 20 and aver.
_ It showed that 58 percent of the respondents--72 percent of the males and
46 percent of the females--were interested in matter.s related to f.oreign
countries.
Asked with what region of the world Japan should promote friendly relations,
the respondents menitoned Asia, North America and the Near and Middle East
_
in that order.
, Countrywise, 78 percent felt friendly toward the United States. They cited
Japan's close trade and security relations and U.S, democracy as major rea-
sons for their friendly sentiments toward the U.S. Seventeen percent had
no friendly sentiments toward it.
As many as 67 percent felt that the U.S. attached i.mportance to its rela-
- tions with Japan. But only 28 percent thought that the two countries were
equals in bilateral relations, while 55 percent thought otherwise.
On the question of trade imbalance between the two countr~0s, 23 percent
thought the U.S. was responsible for its unfavorable trade balance.
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On Sino-Japanese relations, 71 percent felt friendly toward Chiraa, showing
a sharp increase from the 46 percent in a similar survey condueted a year
before.
As for Japan's relations with the Soviet Union, only 13 percent entertained
friendly sentiments toward that country, while 77 percent did not feel -
friendly.
Asked to assess Japan-Soviet relations, 14 percent described them as good
and 77 percent thought otherwise. The northern territory issue and the
fishery problem were cited as major reasons for the low rating of Japan-
Soviet relations.
On Japan's relations with developing countries, 41 percent of the respondents
said Japan should step up its efforts to extend economic cooperation, while "
only 7 percent said it should be kept to the minimum or discontinued al-
together.
They cited Japan's dependence on these c~untries for supplies of natural
- resources, humanitarian obligations and its contribution to world peace as
reasons for their positive support for increased economic cooperation.
COPYRIGHT: The Japan Times Inc. 1979
CSO: 4120
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~ POLITICAL AND SOCIOLOGICAL
�
JAPAN PLANS TO CONVERT IWO JIMA INTO MILITARY BASE
OW221037 Tokyo THE DAILY YOMIURI in English 20 Nov 79 p 1 OW
[Excerpt] The Defense Agency plans to convert Iwo Jima into a military base ~
to safeguard a strategic route for the transport of U.S. forces and crude oil
to Japan in case of emergency, it was reported Monday. -
It has also decided to request an appropriate of 300 million yen in its bud-
get for fiscal 1980 to carry out initial surveys for construction of numerous
military installations there. c
On completion of these installations, tne agency plans to station about six
antisubmarine reconnaissance planes plus an undisclosed number of the Air
Self-Defense Force (ASDF) planeson the island.
Officials of the agency reportedly believe that the southeastern route between
the island, about 1,200 lcilometers south of Tokyo, and Japan, will be linked
- to an East-West cross-Pacific route that the U.S. is expected to maintain
also in case of emergency. _
This route, extending from San Diego, will be to support U.S. military aid
to Far Eastern cauntries, and also to ensure oi1 shipments from the rfiddie
East.
- The Iwo Jima routescan be extended and linked to the cross-Pacific route as
Saipan and Guam are also located on a line extending from Iwo Jima, the
sources said.
At present, 60 members of the Maritime Sel~-De�ense ~'orce (MSDF) are stationed
on Iwo Jima mostlp to maintain a 2,600~meter runway and refuel military planes. -
- The Defense Agency presently plans to build military training installations
in the initial several years.
TY?e six antisubmarine patrol planes wi11 consist of P3Cs, which will be used
for antisubmarine exercises.
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On top of this, an undisclosed number o~ ASDF aircraft will be stationed on
the island for night training ,~lights, which of ten raise opposition from
local residents in Japan because o,� noise.
They will also be mobilized for mock warfare empl.oying electronic devices.
_ For these purposes, the agency plans to increase lodging facilities and rain-
water tanks, and to build a pier for oil and other supplies, which can be
reached despite the island's shoals.
In case of emergency, the island can be converted into an operational center,
from where aircraft of the MSDF and ASDF can fly to Saipan, Guam and Hawaii
for close joint Japanese-U.S, military operations, the officials envisage.
COPYRIGHT: The Daily Yomiuri 1979
- CSO: 4120
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- ECONOMIC
OKITA: ASEAN SHOULD NOT FEAR JAPANESE AID TO CHINA
. OW261355 Tokyo MAINICHI DAILY NEWS in English 25 Nov 79 p 5 OW
[Text] Foreign Minister Saburo Okita has emphasized that Japan is sure to
refrain from launching an export-offensive to China in return for big-scale
Japanese yen-locns to Beijing, saying "It is not necessary for Asian coun-
- tries to worry about this."
The minister, who will host the first Japan-ASEAN (Association of South-
east Asian Nations) economic ministers conference to be held in Tokyo Monday
and Tuesday made these and other remarks in an exclusive interview with the
MAINICHI.
Okita is scheduled to visit China 5 December accompanying Prime Minister
Masayoshi Ohira.
Excerpt of the interview is as follows:
Question: What kind of aid do you plan to extend to ASEAN member countries
for strengthening ties between Japan and the organization?
Answer: First, the government is planning to extend help in the field of
- food production in the region to make sure the food supply is adequate. Se-
cond, aid to help establish an economy-related infrastructure, including
- roads, ports, agricultural irrigation and telecommuni:cations. Third, aid
to their program to develop energy resourcesy including coal and natural
gas.
Question: The leaders of AS~AN countries are worried about the Japan-China
economic grouping. They fear that if China grows in the field of industry,
Chinese-made merchand3se might hurt the enthusiasm o~ ASEAN to industr3alize?
Answer: As the purpose of the yen-loan to China is especially for establish-
ing in~rastructure in China, it is not necessary to worry about it. On the
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- contrary, ASEAN countries will be able to buy cheap coal produced in China, -
which would ease the shortage of energy in th~ ASEAN region, and if Chinese
_ per capita incume increases modernization programs, ASEAN will be able to
_ export tropical produce to China. Moreover, political stabil~zation in China
will surely contribute to peace.
Question: Three years ago, the government announced that it would double the
amount of aid to developing countries in three years. How do you intend to
extend aid after finishing the period?
Answer: From 1981 on, the government will double the amount of aid in five _
years. Although the government hopes to increase the percentage of the total
Official Development Assistance (ODA) to gross national product to 0.31-0.32
percent--the average of OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and De-
velopment) member countries--aid from Japan this fiscal year will be as lit-
tle as 0.26 parcent of GNP.
Question: Do you think that the expanding gap between the poor and the rich
in the Philippines and Indonesia are major reasons for the unrest in those
countries?
Answer: It is true that in some ASEAN countries, there are crucial problems
' such as rising unemployment, the gap growing between rich and poor,like the
situation in South Korea at the time of President Pak's assassination. But
the problems are easy to solve by taxation and other economic measures.
' COPYRIGHT: Mainichi Daily News 1979
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~CONOMIC
JAPAN'S DOLLAR LOANS TO OTHER COUNTRIES FALLING SHARPLY
OW261421 Tokyo MAINICHI DATLY NEWS in English 24 Nov 79 p 5 OW
[Text] Do11ar loans to foreign countries by Japanese banks in the form of
the international syndicate have been shrinking sharply in ~ontrast to the
favorable expansion until the beginning of this year, due to the rigid guid-
- ance of the Finance Ministry which feels great anxiety about the prospects
for so-called "oil money."
Japanese banks usua�11y set US dollar loans in cooperation with two or th~ree
~ foreign banks by using the so-called "Eurodollar" as the capital, mainly con-
sisting of oil money flowing in from oil-producing countries to European
~ money markets.
According to the ministry, the total amount of inedium-; long-term dollar
loans by Japanese banks increased from $8.54 billion in September 1977 to _
$25.7 billion in the same month two years later.
An economic observer noted that Japanese banks had to find new borrowers in
_ foreign countries especially in the low economic growth period of 1977-1979,
because there was less demand for loans from Japanese enterprises during
- which the business has been overshadowed by the following problems; -
1) The default risk on repayment of loans grew under the circumstances of
expanding deficit in the international payments balance of developing coun-
- tries, which was triggered by sharp markups in crude oil prices. The coun-
' tries to c~hich Japanese banks extended dollar loans centered excessively on
Southeast Asian countries, including Indonesia and Thailand and Latin American
countries, incluriing Mexico and Brazil. -
2) No one can predict the behavior of oil money in the event that oil-producing -
countries stop using the dollar as the key currency, but loans based on the -
- dollar will inevitably suffer crucial damage. _
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To make matters worse for the banks, the profit produc~d by loans ~continued
shrinking since early this year, mainly due to tough competition among the
banking giants in industrialized nations.
Banks used to charge interest at the rate of Eurodollar's interest rate plus
1.5 percent, but in these months banks were able to add as little as 0.5 per-
cent to the Eurodollar rate, a spokesman for a Japanese bank said. -
_ With these facts in mind, the.Finance Ministry laid down a set of guidelines i
this summer, some of which have already been put int:o effect: 1) The ratio ~
of loan by a Japanese bank to toCa1 amount should be within one-fourth in '
case a Japanese bank participates in a dollar-loan. 2) A Japanese bank must
= establish . the ceiling amount: of loan to one specific country on a basis of
- the bank's capital to avoid ~he excessive concentration.
Many financial observers predicted that total dollar loans by Japanese banks
- next year will drop to a level of 20-30 percent of this year.
COPYRIGHT: Mainichi Daily News 1979
- CSO: 4120
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ECONOMIC
'MAINICHI' COMMENTS ON U.S. BAN ON IRANIAN OIL IMPORTS
OW161659 Tokyo MAINICHI DAILY NEWS in English 15 Nov 79 p 2 OW
[Editorial: "U.S. Cutoff of Iranian Oil Imports"]
[Text] U.S.-Iranian relations became more tense with President Carter's
announcement Monday of a total halt in American purchases of Iranian oil.
Re].ations between the two countries have been deteriorating rapidly,since
Islamic student militants, demanding the deposed shah's extradition from the
U.S., seized the U.S. Embassy in Tehran and took more than 60 Americans host- -
age. If the U.S.-Iranian confrontation worsens, it could lead to grave con-
sequences for both countries. -
We urge the two nations to show prudence and restraint in this respect and,
at the same time, we hope influential international organizations such as the
UN will render their good offices in mediatingthe,situation--immediately and
~ in a positive manner. -
Also, we hope third countries, supporting such mediation efforts, will re-
frain from seizingtHe:opportunity to instigate in any way the parties con-
cerned, in order to prevent the~.situation from worsening.
Frankly speaking, prospects for a negotiated settlement of the U.S.-Iranian
political impasse seem dim, despite mediation efforts by the pope and the
Palestine Liberation Organization (which is on intimate terms with the Iran-
ian leader, the Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeyni). The UN Security Council, as '
well, by a unanimous vote, called for the release of the U.S. Embassy hostages.
' The seizure of an embassy--which is under the protection of international law--
and holding embassy staf~ members hostage cannot be accepted or permitted.
President Carter's deca.sion Monday to stop all oil purchases from Iran may
have been prompted by his intention to win an Iranian compromise by putting
- brakes on Iran's oil exports, upon which Iran's economy depends. ~
From the Iranian point of view, however, America's refusal to comply with its -
_ demand for the deposed shah's extradition cannot be accepted. Also
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intolerable to the Iranians is the diplomatic policy Washington pursued in
the past--a policy designed to strengthen Shah Pahlavi's regime through -
direct and indirect support after the shah took power in the early 1950's. -
It is natural the Iranian's hatred of the shah, demonstrated in the violent
Iranian revolution, is now directed at the U.S, which protects and harbors
him.
- The American practice of accepting political refugees and other displaced
persons should be hailed as a good tradition, nurtured by American democracy.
Washington's rejection of repeated Iran3.an demands for the delivery of thP _
- shah to Iran is true to that tradition.
- However, it dppears the degree of hatred for the shah, shown in the Iranian `
~ revolution, is incomprehensible to Americans. And is it an over~tatement _
to say the Carter Administration's failure to grasp the true feelings of the
Iranian people, as demonstrated in the revolution, has done much to iacrease
anti-American sentiment in that country?
- On the other side of the coin, American outrage toward Iranians has been
_ mounting as the U.S. Embassy hostages continue to be held. -
P-resident Carter might resort to the use of military force in an attempt to
bring about a quick solution of the problem, despite his statements to the
contrary. He might consider it necessary to take such action to alleviate
Americans' dissatisfaction and displeasure at their nation's declining dig-
nity internationally and in the face of his dwindling popularity at home,
with the presidential election approaching. -
However, such a step would pose a serious threat to world peace, would dam-
_ age America's reputation and, above all, would bring tragedy to Iran. -
In line with new international developments; �Ta^an must nrepare itself to
cope with any consequences that may arise, as there is no doubt the oil sup-.
ply situation has become increasingly uncertain due to the intensified U.S.-
- Iranian confrontativn. _
~
Domestically, it is time for the Japanese people to redouble their efforts -
to conserve oil.
COPYRIGHT: Mainichi Daily News 1979
CSO: 4120
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ECONOMIC
JAPAN ENGINEERS' SERVICE ASKED FOR PRC OVERSEAS PROJECTS
OW250I12 Tokyo THE JAPAN TIMES in English 23 Nov 79 p 5 OW
[Text] China has sought the services of Japanese engineers in overseas proj- _
ects involving Chinese labor at the semiannual trade fair at Guangzhou (Can- -
' ton), according to major Japanese participants Thursday.
Toshio Oshikawa, managing director of the Association for the Promotion of
International Trade (Kokubosoku), said that such a tieup was sought by
Tianjin Municipal Committee for Economic and Technical Relations With I~'or-
eign Countr~.es. A similar committee ex3sts in Guangzhou.
The Tianjin committee was in charge of sending thousands of Chinese workers
to Tanzania for that country's economic development, Oshikawa told a news
~ conference at the Japan External Trade Organization (JETRO). _
Oshikawa, who attended the Chinese export commodities fair that closed 15 No-
vember after a month-long run, also said that China is now conducting trade
talks and seeking joint ventures not only through central organizations but -
also through municipal and provincial bodie~.
He said statistics are not available for the fair since China has not offi-
cially made such an announcement but the fair was apparently a�fected by -
China's economic readjustment policy.
- Oshikawa said that average price of industrial products and wages rose 28
percent and 40 percent, respectively, in China, resulting in comparatively
- high export prices and difficulties for Japan to import Chinese commodi.ties
due to the depreciation of the yen.
He said that the Japanese did not conclude any deals for soybeans due to -
poor crops in China but deals increased for Chinese herb medicine, furs and -
~ carpets, as well as Chinese petrochemical products.
Likewise, there were no major deals for Chinese textiles and machinery but
there were some for Chinese machine tools and motorcycles.
27
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Imports of Chinese mineral products like coal and fire-resistant materials
~ increased, and Chi.na has a demand for small passenger aircraft and planes
for crop-dusting which were exhibited at the tair, he said.
Japanese trucks were sold but no major export deals were made for steel -
products and specialty steels, he said. _
COPYRIGHT: The Japan Times, Inc. 1974
_
CSO: 4120
~
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ECONOMIC
'SANKEI': JAPAN SHIPS 'STRATEGIC MATERIAL' TO NORTH ICOREA
OW2S1858 Tokyo SANKEI SHTMBIJN in Japanese 25 Nov 79 Morning Edition p 1 t1j-7
[Article by Reporter Akihiko UshibaJ
[Text] According to disclosures by informed sources on 24 NovemUer, a huge
quantity of strategic materials has been exported to NorthlCorea (BPRK), -
which has lately been beefing up its armament. The strategic materials in-
cluded small highspeed boats, radar, military radio sets and other items
- that are virtually "weapons." The shipments will certainly develop into a
big issue, since Japan adheres to a"three-po:Cnt principle of banning arms -
e~:ports" and also because the coordinating committee for export to communist
areas prohibits the export of strategic materials to the communist spiiere. -
The shipments are also likely to create a diplomatic stix, because South
Korea, North Korea�s strong rival, is certain to strongly protest them,
- Japan's exports to North Korea amounted to 73.5 billion yen in 1974, a record
high, but dwindled to 28.5 billion yen in 1975 as a result of a deteriora-
tion in North Korea's foreign exchange si.tuation. Hocaever, exports start~d
to rise again 2 years ago and recovered to 37.9 billion yen in 1978.
- According to 1978 records, major items North Korea imported from Japan were
nonferrous metals and their produ~ts worth 6 billion yen, chemical products
worth 5.9 billion yen, machinery worth 5.4 billion yen and electric appliances _
caorth 4.6 billion yen (based on a survey by the .Japan Tr.ade Promotion Assoc~- -
iation).
What matters is the fact that a considerable quan~ity of materials expected
to be used for military purposes were include in the items expor.ted. I~ool.c--
ing at export records for the past 5 years, as many as 160 set5 of liigh-
performance communications equipment wh~ch are not needed in civilian secto?-s,
were exported in 1975. In 1976 when exports declined, 75 radar sets Al1C~ ~O
sets of high-performance cou~unications equipment were exported. In addit~ion,
some 2,000 heavy trucks, about 150 sma11 boats, electric locomotives, cables ,
_ and rail have been exported each year.
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Although ostensibly these materials may be claimed for use in civilian sec-
tors, there virtually is no distinction ber_ween military and civilian sec-
tors in a communist country. Therefore, it will be no mistake to believe
that tli~ materials exported from Japan are helping North Korea's mi.litary
buildup.
The export of these strategi:. materials sharply increased this year. The
export of small highspeed boats amounted to 500 million yen, or about 10
times that of last year, and the delivery of 70 sets of portable military
co~unications equipment and 2,500 dumptrucks and other heavy trucks has ~
already been completed.
a In addition to these items, North Korea wants to import some 20,000 truck
engines and is currently negotiating with Japanese manufacturers and trad~rs.
Even military specialists are taking note of these truck engines because .
_ they are reportedly of high horsepower that can readily be fitted to armored
- vehicles.
South Korea, which continues to be antagonistic to North Korea, has so far
shown no official response to the shipments. However, South Korea is ex-
pected to lodge a strong protest sooner or later. When a Japanese firm tried _
to export an acrylics plant to North Korea, the deal was canceled, as South
Korea protested that the plant "might be linked to an improvement of~mili-
tarywinter uniforms." '
~ Especially since the shipments were reported at a time when the military
situativn on the Korean peninaula has become increasingly severe as a re-
sult of North iCorea's marked military buildup and the announced U.S. freeze ;
on its troop withdrawal plan, they may develop into a diplomatic issue, de-
pending on a future ROK move, observers say.
Japan has no diplomatic relations with North Korea and trade between the two
- countries has been exclusively on a private basis, except for a yen 100 mil-
lion worth insurance system. Regarding such exports of strategic goods to
North Korea, some government officials, including those in defense areas,
criticize them from the viewpoint ~of security, contending that "exports to _
aid North Korea in its military buildup is a virtually suicidal act." Other
- officials, however, say that "exports af strategic goods should be tolerated
to some extent so as to break the taboo of an arnts embargo, although they
may involved some danger. Thus, 3t appears that the government is still un-
able to take a clearcut position over the issue.
COPYRIGHT: Sangyo Keizai Shimbunsha 1979 -
CSO: 4105
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SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGX
~
HIGH-STRENGTH, HIGH TEMPERATURE ALUMINUM COMPOSITE DEVELOPED
Tokyo NIKKAN KOGYO SHIMBUN in Japanese 4 Sep 79 p 5
- [Text] As one aspect of fiber reinforced metal composite -
_ materials development, the Special Tnorganic Materials
Research Laboratory (president: Ha3ime Kofuji) has suc-
ceeded in developing an "aluminum composite material"
containing silicon carbide (SiC) fiber whose tensile
strength (maximum: 84 kilograms per square millimeter)
surpasses super duralumin. This composite material has
- a bending strength of 105-110 kilograms per square milli-
~ meter at temperatures up to 400� Centigrade. Because
of its lightness and strength is is regarded as suitable
for aircraft as well as for other uses where high tempera-
, ture resistance and strength are required. The industry
will probably follow it closely as a structural material
of the future.
Properties That Surpass Super Duralumin
The characteristics of FRM composed of SiC fiber and aluminum are as follows: "
tensile strength--62-84 kilograms per square millimeter; bending strength--
105-110 kilograms per square millimeter; specific gravity--2.5-2.6; tensile
elastic ratio--9-11 tons per square millimeter. The tensile strength of the
mother material--aluminum--is 13 kilograms per square millimeter and elastic
ratio, 8 tons per square millimeter. The proportion of SiC fiber in relation _
to the mother material is 35-40 percent and its size is 13 microns in diameter
with tensile strength of 200 kilograms per square millimeter and its elastic
ratio, 20 tons per square millimeter.
This SiC fiber's precursor material is dimethyldichlorosilane developed by =
the Tohoku~University Metal Materials Research Laboratory. After chemical
treatment, it is baked and rendered inorganic. At present, Nippon Carbon
is in the process of commercializing it under the product name of "Nikaron."
31
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The special Inox'ganic Materia7,s ~esearch Laboratory developed a high strength,
highly elas*_ic aluminum composite ~cnaterial using this SiC fiber. As shown
in the photo (broken section under scan electron ~icroscope), the SiC fiber
wets well in the composite without reacting with the aluminum tnatrtx.
This FRM is considered to have wide and varted usage including aircraft cen-
tral fuselage truss structure, rib braces, tail section, section around the
engine, fam blades and so on. As it does not change at a11 in ~ high tempera-
- ture oxidized environment, it can also be employed in boiler flue gas scrub--
bers, in automobile exhaust gas scrub~ers, in chemical plants, as a heat -
resistant curtain, in centrifuge bodies for centr~fugal uranium enrichment
� and so forth. -
t" ~ Y~
t~~~ F
; F =iz,
~
y':
-
;1L ~ ~ . .
_ f
~N
~~:5~
YZk,
...t..~::Y:'~"
~~M.
ay .
i;~,e~;
~~a ' .
~ ~ ~
r ~~''~~.d~ ~
I ^;e~
z ai
. ' ~ -
~ <
,
s ~~~4~~~~~~~~ ~ l~
~
SiC - A 1 Composite material`s broken section seen under electron scanning
microscope
32
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Figure: Comparison of New Composite A'ZaGexial and Super Duralumin as to
_ Their Respective Capabiliti.es
120 - - -
(2) S~Ci AI1~�~~
I00 ,
~1~ . .
~f.ao
.
~ 60
x I
w ~
3 ~
3 ~
" 40~ u.s.~~~l~? v(3~
~
~
~
.
. ~ ~ ~4~~
o~~ , ,
0 ICO 200 300 400 500 600
~`~i~a~~~ u'~?~.7.7)I.Z%~~'~~~~~~~
KeY
1. Bending strength (kg/mm2)
- 2. SiC composite material
3. U.S. duralumin
4. Temperature
COPYRIGHT: Nikkan Kogyo Shimbun, 1979
11460
CSO: 4105
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SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGX
i
AMORPHOUS STEEL SHEET DEVEZOPMENT TO START IN JFY 1980
Tokyo NIHON KOGYO SHIMBUN in Japanese 20 Sep 79 p 1
[Text] The New Technology Development Corporation
(president: Yoshimitsu Takeyasu) has decided to start .
development of energy-saving power transformer elec-
trical steel sheets using the so-called "dream alloy"--
amorphous metal--i*~ JFY 1980 and it has ~ust compiled a
concrete development p1an. According to the plan, the
amorphous technology developed by Tohoku University's
Professor Ken Masumoto will be the base. The plan calls
for a mass production steel sheet plant capable of 50 ~
- tons a month production to be developed within 3 years. '
The development will be consigned to steel companies,
heavy electric equipment manufacturers and electric
- power companies. The corporation is asking for 3 bil-
- lion yen as commission development budget for the
, coming JFY. ~
- Amorphous electric steel sheet is easier to manufacture than the silicon
steel sheet currently in use. Moreover, its use would reduce electrical
power loss by a large margin. The corporation's estima.te is that a total
change-over to amorphous steel sheets would lead to savings of about 2.75
million kiloliters (petroleum equivalent) of energy per year. For this
reason, further energy conservation appears to be a possibility as a re-
sult of initiating the practical application research on amorphous electric
steel sheets.
Amorphous electric steel sheets will be manufactured from iron, ferroboron,
carbon and so on. Continuous production of thin amorphous strip, following
the diagramed mass production flow chart is anticipated. After melting the
raw materials in a vacuum melting furnace (1100�C), the liquified material
~ is expelled from a nozzle and coiled using a super high speed (5000 revolu-~
tions per minute) roll. The melted liquid coming out of the nozzle is cooled
at super high speed 505�C per second and is at once formed into an amorphous
alloy thin sheet of about 50 micron thickness. The speed of thin strip pro-
duction is about 100 meters per second or nearly 1,000 times the speed of
iron and steel rolling.
34
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At present, in order to maitufacture silzcon steel sh~et, ~.0 processing
steps--melting, casting, high temperature rolling and so ~oxth--are required
and each step i.nvolves complicated raising and lowering of temperatures.
Amorphous steel sheet production, on the other hand, requires or~1y four
manuf acturing steps before producing thin str3p and its manufacture ~nvolves
less energy. The production line energy conservation ratio is 1 liter of
petroleum (equivalent) per 1 kilogram steel sheet. Tn the event of replacing
- all the current silicon steel sheet production steps with amorphous produc�-
tion procedures, the energy equivalent of 1.2 million kiloliters of petro-
leum will be saved each year.
As for the raw material itself, ferroboron, which is costlier than ferrosilicon
currently in use, is used but electrical loss (iron loss) within the iron
core ~aill be 0.1 percent, compared to silicon steel sheet's 0.4 percent.
~ In terms of 470 billion kilowatt total electrical power generati.c~-:i in
Japan in 1975, the switch-over to the amorphous steel sheets ti~oiild mean a.
saving of 1.45 million kiloliters petroleum equivalent, and the capacity
af two large power plants, 1.3 million kilowatts, or in moneta-ry terms,
40~-500 billion yen in power plant construction cost.
The corporation will embark on a 3 year consigned-development plan starting
in JFY 1980 with an 80 percent yield (40 percent in the case oi silicon steel
sheets) as one of its development objectives. To implement this plan, mass
production of la~rge (wide) sheets, laminated steel core formation, and field
~ data collection must be implemented. Thus the corporation will inject an
"u~iprecedented" 3 billion yen and commission five to six firms--steel manu-
fac~urers, heavy electric equipment makers manufacturing transformers, and
- user firm electric power companies--~oill be commissioned to undertalce the
practical application research.
This development project will be implemented as one part of the Science and
Technology Agency's Materials Research and Developinent Project.
35
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Diagram: Amorphous Steel Sheet Pxoduction Facility ~hat the New Technology
Development Associatzon ~s Going to pevelop Starting in Jk'Y 1980
, ~rt~~i~~~~~L~~~55~1~~~~P~~~~~a
P~JI.7r~~P~~c~i~ o~.'~ �
_ ~ .Z~J~r9~tzl~t~~r~.
z ~ ~ /o I , ^
~ 1' J ~~~~'J~~ ~~S� ~~~7~~
N
~ ~'',sJ~~~%~ )L � ~ r .
~ ~
~ ~~v~ -
Q~ ~ _ ~ �
Cl JI. ~ 6 (~~)`%i j--`
~
1. Vacuum melting facility
2. Super-rapid cooling roller
3. Roll
4. Nozzle
5. Floating pinch roller
" 6. Synchronous bridge
7. High-speed coiling equipment
- 8. Reel
9. Slitter or cutter
10. Amorphous thin strip
COPYRTGHT: Nihon Kogyo Shimbunsha, 1979
11460
CSO: 4105
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SCIENCE AND TEC:iNOLOGY
PLANT FOR SATELLITES-USE CFRP COMPOSITES STARTED
Tokyo NIKKEI SANGYO SHIMBUN in Japanese 26 Oct 79 p 6
[Text] On 25 October, Mitsubishi Electric Corporation announced that tYiey
have completed a plant for space machine and instrument-use composites,
_ the first of its kind in Japan, within the grounds of the Sagami Workshop
of the said company (Sagamihara-shi, Kanagawa-ken), and they will operate the
plant on a full scale starting from the 29th. The new plant is equipped -
with a large size autoclave (photo) which works the materials consisting =
_ mainly of CFRP (carbon fiber reinforced plastics) at high pressure and
temperature, and specializes in manufacture of structural materials for
artificial satellites proper and satellite radar.
Contends the company, "With the completion of the new plant, we have finally
established an ~.ntegrated satellite production system from the m.olding of -
_ the materials to the loaded electronic machines and instruments." They also
disclosed that their plant would sell composite manufactured produc~s to _
other satellite makers.
The plant for composites is a steel-framed one-story building measures 620m2
in floor area. It has been under construction since November last year at
' a total construction cost of approximately 700 million yen. The interior
is divided into the molding workshop and the processing workshop.
In the "molding" area, lamination/adhension and inspection of composites are
_ conducted under a clean environment where temperature, humidity and dust are ~
controlled. In the "processing" area, composite structures are hardened and
molded in an autoclave measuring 4 meters in diameter and 5 meters in depth.
The pr~ducts yielded are light and large satellite structural materials made
of high~y efficient composites consisting primarily of CFRP, and structural
- parts of solar cell panels, antennas used for communications satellites and
_ satellite radar. The operation of the plant will be initiated by manufacturing
- panels to ~line on the solar cell incorporated in a 350kg class large domestic _
satellite, ETSW (Technical test satellite model IV) ordered from the National _
Space Development Agency. -
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The Mitsubishi Electric Corporat~.on affirms that this plant completes an
- efficient integrated system for the manufacture of various machines and
instruments to be loaded, and plans to sell composite machine products to
other satellite makers. Simultaneously, they revealed their intention to -
explore the possibility of accommodating the needs for aircraft materials '
_ and special light weight materials in the future. Also, a large satellite :
plant is schedu].ed to be complered within the grounds of Kamakura Workshop ~
- (Kamakura-shi, Kanagawa-ken) of the said company in the next month. All of
these new developments greatly enhance the artificial satellite production ~
capacity. ~
I
r~ { ~ ~ ~ ~
: �
~ ' '
f ' z .~s-r'""':
r
_ . G~ ~ ts
. > f - ~~~.'ry J: '
i E4;E:::
COPYRIGHT: Nihon Keizai Shimbunsha 1979 !
8940
CSO: 4105 ~
~
38 _
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SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
N~W DESIGN FOR JOSEPHSON E~FECT ELEMENT DEVELOP~'D
Tokyo NIHON KOGYO SHIMBUM in Japanese 30 Oct 79 p 17
[Text] The Institute of Physical and Chemical Re~cax~ch (llirector.~y 5}i9_nj:;.
~ukuij has developed a new manuf acturing process for ~d ~.c dt.L-e incl+.zdi~~i~ a dc;~ _
contact element which looks lilce ~hargened penci7~s connecting oiZ one base
plate, a thin film tunnel elemezt mnde of two sheets of rectangular thin
= films intersected in the shape of a cross and a micro-bridge element which
~ connects two basic plates in a micro area. However, the preseat circum-
star..~e, which design sha11 be nominated as a prospectivF w-~nner ~ai11 be
st~ll left for discussion.
39
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Relating to materials, studies which used lead prevail. It is said that IBM,
- however, uses a lead a11oy avoiding lead which is associated with durability
problems, and is promoting studies on developing the tunnel element and a
micro-bridge element. -
- As an international major trend, lead, tin and indium have been used as -
materials in the past. IPCR judged that these materials had service-life
related problems and focused their attention to niobium. Niobium is vacuum
evaporated by a vacuum spattering device on a basic plate which is pre- -
treated to make it electron beam-proof by an electron beam exposer. Using
the materials prepared as above, they have been working on creating a micro
area of an Angstrom order, which is the hardest obstacle to the processing.
Trial manufacture and evaluation of the niobium nonuniformal film thickness
micro-bridge element are currently being pursued. The device developed at
this time, however, was produced without using the expensive electron beam
exposer by a new manufacturing method which substituted a mask popularly
used in IC production.
_ The developed m~thod works as follows: A mask punctured with round or
square microns in diameter ~.s placed over a basic plate made of silicon
di~,,xide, etc., and niobium is vacuum evaporated on the plate by a vacuum
s~i~*~tering device. The operation of the spattering device is discontinued
when an adequate uniformal niobium layer is formed. The mask is then little i
by little slid off the round niobium layer until it covers only a small ~
portion of the niobium layer. Subsequently, an insulation layer (silicon
dioxide, etc) is vacuum evaporated to a thickness as much as 1/several lOs ~
of the thickness of the niobium layer. After the corapletion of this vacuum
evaporation, niobium is vacuum evaporated by spattering over the insulation '
layer without moving the position of the mask, so that it looks like round
or square hot cakes slightly overlapping one unother. Finally, a rectangular =
connection layer (semi-metal such as niobium or bismuth) is constructed on ;
the cakes. (See drawing) '
Bridge design connects two polarized base plates with a small bridge. In ~
the regular method, the niobium base plate thickness and the thickness of i
the bridge are the same. However, the performance of the element will be ~
_ improved if the thickness of the bridge is thinner than the base plates.
Therefore, a method was proposed to thin the bridge layer by resisting the !
formation of the layer using an electron beam device. This method hok*ever
required more time and labor posing a problem related to mass productivity,
and in addition, 3,000 Angstroms was the limit of the thinning of the bridge
- film thickness.
With the newly invented method, this thickness of the bridge is determined
by the thickness of the insulation layer. Only by controlling the thickness
of this insulation layer, can the mask method achieve the considerably thinned
bridge thickness of 500 Angstroms. With enough supply of round or square -
- 40
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mask patterns made available, a single vacuum evaporation process can produce
as many devices as desired. It is also said that the round shaped devices
can be piled up as many as desired to produce a high voltage element which
can be used as an interface element which connects a Josephson computer to
an external terminal of a printer, etc..
r'-"~.~.~-.__........ _
~ f:Lt1~h~ kLri3L7%'.s117:71i ~~Ti~;171~IL~
~ /1 _.;dGi6l.l:dl:;t~': ~ -
I `1 ` I
~ I -
I _t ~ I
- ~ -
eaMU'~5 ;C~iC'd 1
(-.T7) C~Ci~7+R1 )
Drawing: Device Structure of the Josephson Effect Element Developed by IPCIt
Key: l, weak-coupling (niobium of bismuth) -
2, ultra electro-conductive layer (niobium)
3. insulation layer (silicon dioxide, etc.)
4. base plate
COPYRIGHT: Nihon Kogyo Shinbumsha Tokyo Hons,ha 1979
8940
_ CSO: 4105
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~
- SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
- i-
MAJOR FIELD TEST OF SOLAR CELL PANELS TO START
Tokyo NIKKEI SANGYO SHIMBUN in Japanese 30 Oct 79 p 20
[Text] The Agency of Industrial Science and Technology of the Ministry of
International Trade and Industry is planning to initiate a major field
test of solar ce11 panels by installing them in private homes, collective
housing, schools and factories for a period of a few years starting from
1980 as a link of the chain in the "Sunshine Program." In this project,
they plan to use solar cells which output in total 400 and several tens of
kilowatts expecting to find through the tests what kind of problems will
develop w~en solar power generation is utilized as a supplier of general
electric power. A1so, it seems that the mass produc~ion by solar cells ;
will soon gain momentum since this project brings new demands every year
for the solar cells with the yearly output several times more than 20-30kw,
a currently estimated production by solar cells.
According to the project, solar cell panels of 3kw, 60kw and 200kw sizes
will be installed for private homes, collective housing and schools or
factories respectively. In case of private homes where ~-3kw of electric
power is generally used in Japan, a need for electric power shall be
practically met by the solar cell alone during the summer months when the
sun light is strong according to the project objective. The size of the
solar cell panel required to supply this power is approximately from 30m2
to 45m2. It is therefore estimated that the solar cell panel occupies the
entire roof of a two-story private home.
i
Solar energy is associated with a special difficulty in that the energy
yield fluctuates extremely by day and night and throughout the year. There- ;
for�e, the project will probe practical problems such as what kind of system
will work better in using solar ce11s as a general power source. Also,
since the Sunshine Program which was rushing to develop the various types of
solar cells such as ribbon crystal type, thin film crystal type and compound
semi-conductor type, has arrived at a technically practical stage in all
types, various type solar cells being developed shall be tested in this
proj ect .
42
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Current solar cell cost is said to be 1000-10,000 yen/watt. This figure
must be reduced by two digits if solar cells are to be utilized or_ a full
scale. On the other hand, they say solar ce11 cost is about 10 dollars/
watt in the U.S. The truth of the matter is that Japanese industry is
handicapped by the aspect of price in the international business talks on
solar cells. The price of the domestic solar cells is high, which is, for
one, due to the small yearly output scale of 20-30kw, far below the mass
production level. The project also watches for the promotion of the solar
ce1Z industry by increasing solar cell electrical output 3n a sweep by
several times using the national budget.
COPYRIGHT: Nihon Keizal Shiff,bunsha 1979
8940
CSO: 4105
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SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
ORGANIC MATERIAL SOLAR CELLS BELIEVED PROMISING
Tokyo NIKKEI SANGYO SHINBUN in Ja~anese 30 Oct 79 p 20 -
[Text] "In the future, it may be possible to make a solar cell by a
simple operation such as painting an organic material with a brush." In _
- the Research Institute for Polymers and Textiles which recently manufactured
- a trial solar cell using an organic material called merocyanine coloring
matter, director Okada tells something very surprising to those research
workers who have been engaged in the development of solar cells using
conventional inorganic materials.
The solar cells currently utilized require single crystals from silicon ;
materials treated in a furnace at a temperature above 1000�C. Even the
amorphous (non-crystalline substance) semi-conductor type solar cells which '
~re considered greatly promising as a prospective winner.for future solar ~
cell construction, require a temperature over 200�C during the vacuum
evaporation process. "Well, f~~:: that matter, the new solar cells with
organic materials are present'.:- manufactured using the same vacuum evapor-
- ation technology as amorphus cel~.s. However, organic materials can be
synthesized without difficulties from oil and coal, and they pose no environ- _
mental pollution problems since they are originated from life," he advertised
the importance of the research results.
RIPT moved into Tsukuba Research and School Community in Ibaraki-ken leaving
Yokohama where the institute marked the history of operating for 60 years
starting as an experimental station of the silk industry. Subjects of _
research are no longer limited to textiles but have expanded extensively
to cover general organic materials, changing the image of the place totally
compared to the past. Great hope is placed upon the futurQ achievements of
the newly developed Tsukuba research and school community. It is likely i
that director Okada and his subordinates are contemplating tackling new
energy related technology having a good command of organic materials in the _
said new world.
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For the time being, the merocyanine solar cells yields a 3 percent photo-
- electron conversion efficiency, which is practically the same as the efficiency
of the amorphous solar cells. This is the first time in the ~aorld that solar
_ cFlls which use organic materials achieved a 3 percent eEficiency. ~
_ Director Okada challenges further, "From now on, we will try to embark on
the development of services, for example, as a sensor at the input of a
data processor. In concert with this effort, we also hope to upgrade its
efficiency. According to my personal assessment, it is not a drea~n to
increase the efficiency to 10-40 percent if guided by the structure of bio-
films with a good photoelectron conversion efficiency."
' Profile ~
Graduated from Tokyo Institute of Technology in 19~~. Immediatel.y aftei-
the graduation, employed by the Experimental Institute of Textile Industry
which was the forerunner of the RIPT. Has been engaged in research on making
polymer synthetic textiles and artificial organs. Took office as director
since April: 1979. Born in Hiroshima. 52 years of age.
COPYRIGHT: Nihon Keizai Shimbunsha 1979
8940
CSO: 4105
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SCILNCE ~1ND TECHNOLOGY
AUTO PATENT, UTILITY MODEL APPLICATIONS SOARING
Tokyo NIKKEI SANGYO SHIMBUN in Japanese 8 Sep 79 p 1
[Text] The number of patent and utility model applications submitted by
auto manufacturers has increased. The number of patent applications sub- -
mitted by the s1.x auto manufacturers during the period January to June
" this year is a 3 percent increase over that submitted during the same period
last year or a slight increa.se of 1,453 applications, but *_he number of
utility model applications as compared with that submitted lait year in-
creased by 36 percent to a total of 3,571 applications. Applications for
utility models by Toyoto Motors Corporation and for both patents and utility .
models by ~Tissan Motors Co., Ltd. have soared. With a"world war of small :
cars" imminent, it is apparent that Japan's auto manufacturers are contin-
ually intensifying their research and development programs, and to protect �
their business interests in their technology, they have awakened to the
realization of the tremendous importance of patents and utility models.
These activities portend the surfacing of disputes on industrial property
rights involving European and Ameri~an manufacturers with Japan's automotive
industry.
General Motors of the United States began marketing their small car, "the
X car," this spring. The plant and equipment investment for this model,
including development costs, w3s $2.7 b~llion. The ~ompany has programmed
further plant and equipment investments of $4.5 billion this year and $5
billion next year, and it plans to spend the bulk of the investments on
small car development. Ford and Chrysler, too, are seriously involved in
small car development and reportedly the number of patent applications by
America's Big Three has spiraled.
In stri3e with this activity in the United States, the number of patent and
utility model applications in the Japanese a~utomotive world has increased,
but conspicuously above the others in number are Toyota Motors and Nissan
_ Motors. Occupying the one-two spots in the Japanese manufacturer ranking,
_ these two firms not only compete fiercely in the market but they compete
- equally hard in the technological development battle.
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In particular, Nissan Motors which had submitted 500 patent applications
in 1977 submitted more than 1,000 patent applications last year. During
the first half of this year (January to June), its submission o~ 5�0 paten~
applications far outdistanced the 430 applications submitted by rival 7'oyota
Motors. However, with its utility model applications b~ing much smalle~
than that of Toyota, Nissan is slightly behind Toyota in total number oF
patent and utility model applications submitted. "In the fiel.~ 01_ ':11c1IlUF=
turing technology which we had hitherto neglected, we hope to sutm7.t p::tent
- and utility model applications in rapid succession," said Nissan dir~~~o:-
Yoshiichi Kaneo with a determination to overtake [ToyotaJ.
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