JPRS ID: 9038 CHINA REPORT SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: JPRS
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP82-00850R000200070031-8
• Release Decision: RIF
• Original Classification: U
• Document Page Count: 14
• Document Creation Date: November 1, 2016
• Sequence Number: 31
• Content Type: REPORTS

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JPRS ~/9038
16 April 19~0
Ch~na Re ort
~ _
- SCIENCE AND TECHNOLO~Y -
CFOUO 1 /80)
a
FBIS FOREIGN BROADCAST INFORMATION SERVICE
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JPRS L/9038
16 April. 1980
CHINA REPORT -
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
' (FOUO 1/80~
~ C0~~1'ENTS PAGE
APPLIED SCIENCES
Present S~ate of China's Space Development Discussed
(Daikichiro lrb ri; KAGAKU, Mar 80) 1
PUBLICATIONS
Table of Contents of 'ZHONGSHANDAXUE XUEBAO-�~ZIRANKEXUE
BAN,' No 4, 1978
(ZTiCNGSHANDAXUE XUEBAO--ZIRANKEXUE BAN, Nov 78)......... 9
' a - (III - CC - 84 FOUO]
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�
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APPLIED SCIENCES
PRESENT STATE OF CHINA'S SPA.CE DEVELOPMENT DISCUSSED
Tokyo KAGAKU in Japanese No 3, Mar 80 pp 170-172
[Article by Daikichiro Mori, Tokyo University Space Research Institute]
[Text] In the latter half o~ October last year (1979~, at the invitation of
the President of the China AF.:rospace Society, the Space Science Technical
China Visit Association (headed by Osamu Nagano, with 17 subordinates)
members had the opportunity of a visit for study of the present atate of _
China's space development.
The ob~ecta of the study viait were satellite launching facilities, rocket -
engines, scientific and technical experimental satellites, and any
facilities for these; since the mission of tk?e abovementioned China Visit
Association was entirely devoted to peaceful aims, it had absolutely no
concern with anything of a military nature. There was no opportunity to
see thin$s related to general survey rockets.
Among the places we visited, the satellite launch site at Urumchi, in the
Westetn region, was seen, as well as visits to Bei~ing, Xian, and Nan~ing
were the focal points of our visit. The field trip ob~ectives amounted
to twelve places in all. The names of the ob~ectives of the field trip are
recorded in Table 1, and the glaces visited are shown in Figure 1.
Urumchi Satellite Launch Site
The western region satellite launch site was the highlight, so to say.
Urumchi, as shown in Figure 1, is in the interior of Nei Monggal, but
the base, clese to the Mongolian border, took a further 3 hours to reach by
train and car. The visit, as mentioned above, was spread over the whole of
- China, including Urumqi. The China Aerospace Socfety was particularly
attentive to our being able to make the tour of visitation in a brief period,
and the exlusive use of a:i "Ilyushin 11-18" 4-enginer turboprop aircraft
was allocated for the sequence Bei~ing - Urumqi - Xi'an - Namjing in 5 days,
and also a special train of three observation cars from Urumqi to the
base. We were met every day with a car; interpreters were provided, and
arrangements were kindly made for our welcome, entertainment, etc in each
1
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- t.-..;
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- ~3~ ~~t ~4~ o-�~.~�~~ ~o'~ 7~ .r
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(18)
~ _
Figure 1. Placea visited by the writer, and satellite tracking stations.
- KEY: 1. Launch site 10. Weinan
2. Changchun 11. Nan~ing
3. Jungshih 12. Shanghai
4. Urumchi 13. Yangtze River
5. (omitted) 14. Kunming
6. Yellow Rivzr 15. Fuzhou =
'7. Bei~ing 16. Nanning
8. Lhasa 17. Places visited -
9. Xi'an 18. Tracking stations
Table 1. Places visited by the writer.
Toho Scientific Instrument Factory Nan~ing Satellite
Beijing Control Process Research Institute Geo-Bureau
Beijing Procesa Environment Test Center Shanghai Huayin
Beijing Aeronautical Research Instituze Machine Factory
Beijing Rocket Test Center Xin Xin Machine
Urumchi Satellite Launching Establishme~nt Factory
Xi'an Satellite Tracking Establishment
Xi'an Radio Electrotech-~ica1 Research Institute
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~ ~ > >
P~t'~Ji~~W~ -
~ ~4~ f~bl.h~li'~ ~2~ -
i( E~,C L' f~i s~ ~
( 9 ~ 1200 t ) ~
15t,4t7~-~1~~' No.2~iFA -1L~
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Figure 2. Sketch of Launch Establishment
KEY: 1. Waste water lagoon 10. Rails (17 m width)
2. Umbilical tower li. Fu~el atorage storehouse
3. Traveling-type equipment (underground)
tower (self-propelled, 12. Nitrogen tank, 350 atmospheres
1,220 tons), with 15-ton, (newly conatructed)
14-ton cranes 13. Umbilical tower
4. Ground burn operations 14. Spare launch platform
room 15. Oxidant storage storehouse
5. No. 2 Control room (underground)
(underground) (16) Launch platform
6. Large duct (17) Compressor room (underground) -
7. Elevator (18) Duct
8. Launch platform ~iy~ Waste water treatment plant
9. No 1 control room (underground)
(underground)
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city. Once the invitation was given, an organization was set up for a -
~ thorough welcome, giving rise to sdmiration for the good customa of thia
courteoua country, which can by no means be imitated in a Japanese government
office or university. All these impressed us all. This might even give
effect to fostering the "fri~nde of China faction."
- The launch site is in the middle of the Gobi desert, about an hour by car from
- from the base town (population 7,000, of which 2,500 are staff people). The
central installation consists, as shown in Figure 2, of a traveling fully
equipped tower between second phase launch platforms (attached to auxiliary
towers). As described below, "Long March" type rockets are used; a second -
phase underground control room, fuel storehouse, nitrogen gas tanks, compressor
rooms, etc, are disposed on the perimeter.
The installation is also for ground bur.i testing of first-stage engines.
All the facilities are simple and sturdy, and are sufficient for launching
scientific and technical test satellitES, in response to good building and
management in this outlying region. Staff morale is extremely high. Ae
regards environmental safety, the Gobi desert is really favorable. In
future, dealing with high-altitude stationary and other satellites and wi[h
- liquid hydrogen engines would require completeness of the electrical control
apparatus, etc., of the facilitiea.
Satellite-launching rcckets
Apart from the engines, there was no opportunity to see satellite launching
rockets; explanations from others in the technical interchange societies of
Peking and Shanghai, and inspection of engines, etc., at the Shanghai Huayin
Machine Factory, led to the following con~ectures.
Long March No 3 rocket: Three-stage liquid-fueled rockets are currently
under development, equivalent to the American Arian class, a combination of
Atlas and Europa. Their con~ectured appearance is as shown in Figure 3.
_ (1) -
;n~.~~.~~-~ (2) (3) (4)
~ 3 f4~-9 3~ 2 f3~-9 ~ 1 FR~-9
~
~ ~
~
_ _ - - 43 m
- - -
_ Figure 3. Chinese sate111te launching rocket. _
KE1': 1. Satellite, kick motor 2. Third stage motor
3. Second stage motor 4. Firet stage motor
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Total length 43 m, diameter 3.~5 m, total weight 200 t, fuel 180 t. First
stage: four 70-t thruet ~ngin~g, total thruat 200 t; fuel, asynanetrical
dimethylhydrazine and N204 (nitro~en tetroxid~); epecific thruet on the
ground 250 sec, in vacuum 290 eec. Second atage: one main engine, 73 t
thrust; four vernier enginea (gimbal) of 1.1 t; fuel same a8 firet etage. -
- Third etage: four liquid-oxygen-liquid hydrogen engines (thruet 1.1 t),
gimbaled, one turbo-pump, specific thruat 425 seconds. Weight of satellite:
_ stationary eatellite 429 kg, to tranaition orbit 1.7 t, to low altitude
circular orbit 5.
Development of the firet and second sCages ia already completed. Among the
S eatellites launched by means of these so-called Long March #1 or ~2 -
rockets a[ present made in China, satellites weighing 1-2 t are thought
to have been launched with these rockets in and after 1975.
At the Shanghai Huayin Machine Factory, ten of the above-mentioned 70-t
thrust engines were included in the semi-finished products. Though it is
hard to say they were refined, the impression was of a stable, practical
form, and there were signa of self-confidence about launching also.
In the construction of the four gimbal-type vernier engines (auxiliary
controt enginea), 1.1 t thrust, used in the second stage, among five
operatives, two were women.
During a viait, the third-stage liquid oxygen-liquid hydrogen engine, the
Long March ~3 main development product, was observed in a atationary test
in an engine tes*_ ~tand in the euburba of Peking. The thruat ia 1.1 t, which
is emall in comparison with the 7-t and 10-t emgines being developed at the
present time in Japan; it should also be said that to avoid the technical
difficulties in assembly and construction of the four-gimbal group familiarly
used in the second stage vernier engine implies intelligent measures. _
The main engine, of 70 t thrust, may be of the same class as the engine of
the Chinese CSS-1 missile, similar to the Sc-viet Union's SANDAL rocket.
- _ _
As against the N rocket engine of 90 t thrust received by Japan from America
as a technical donation, China has developed by its own efforts this powerful
. booster of 2~0 t, giving a deep impression of extra~rdinary energy and plan-
ning devoted by China to space.
As regards normal liquid-fuel engines and liquid hydrogen engines, China is
already in a way in possession of technology as mentioned above, and taking
into account the case of the technical gift from America to Japan, hardly
any queatione were asked concerning liquid rocketa. Questions to us were
entirely concentrated on solid motors, electrical apparatus and computers.
Chinese Artificial Satellites
China's first artificial satellites are stored and exhibited in a clean state
in the [Toryoku) Scientific Instrument Factory.
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The back-up model of the technical experimental satellitea launched in 1975
and 1976 was seen in the Shanghai Huaytn Machine Factory. Its external
appearance ia shown in Figure 5; the diameter ia 1.7 m, height 2.5 m, and -
weight 1.2 t.
- - - 3300 m
) ~3R7~-t
GG. ~t) %Y i ( ~11.1'E!h!# ~ 8 ~
~ ` ~~(9)
- (3)
' 44~;- e~ ~ � , , ~e~ .
� .
~�7 I ~zn ~5~ i i
(3l~r~~) i ~
_ ~
~ ~ ~
.
e
~6~ ~+~11'~R rn~'~ 1t.Z3~9 t~{Y x%~% 3-~~
_ (a) (12) (b) (13 )
Figure ~ti. Chineee liquid-fueled rocket. (a) 70-t engine, (b) 2d atage ~
- vernier engine (in structure.) GG, gas generator. -
ICEY: 1. GG, servo 7. Cooling pipe
2. Gimbal operating 8. Actual machine frame
device 9. Support stand
3. PisCon 10. Piping
~i. Turbo-pump 11. Yoke
5. Nozzle (att~ched to i2. 1-t thruster
3 heavy wall folds) 13. Main engine
- 5. GG exhaust gas -
- The attitude control, electronic instruments, measuring instruments, etc.,
of three eatellitea have already been succeasfully teated for about a month
in orbits of altitude 200-400 1cm and angle of inclination 69~. It is said
that recovery trials were carried out again in 1978, but theae satellites
were not preaent.
In future, 1981 and after, with the awaited completion of the above Long
March #3 rocket, two kinds of large satellites ahould be launched, and
their development is now being advanced. One of these is a 420 kg stationary
communicationo satellite, the design of which is being worked on in Peking.
- The aecond is a weather satellite, and a full scaYe model of this was seen
during the visit ~o the Shanghai Huayin Machine Factory.
As Bhown in Figure 5(b), this is a 1.5 m aquare cube; on three shelvea
are loaded a[hofiru], nitrogen gas tanks, gas ~eta, infrared and visible
light camera for weather use (resolving power 4 km), horizon and sun
6
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