JPRS ID: 9573 WORLDWIDE REPORT NUCLEAR DEVELOPMENT AND PROLIFERATION

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• Collection: JPRS
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• Original Classification: U
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• Document Creation Date: November 1, 2016
• Sequence Number: 56
• Content Type: REPORTS

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~ ' ' FOR~ OFFICIAL USE ONLY ' r~-
, ;
~ JPRS L/9573 ' ~
; 26 February 1981
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vyide Re ort
Wo~ld
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NUCLEAR DEVELOPMENT AND PROLIFERATION
~ cFOUO 4is 1 ~ . ~
~ ~
FBIS ~OREIGN BRO~IDCAST INFORMATION SERVIGE
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Unfamiliar names rendered phonetically or transliterated are
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4ther unattributed parenthetical aotes with in the body of an
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The conke~.:ts of this publication in no ~way represent the poli-
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FOREIGN BROADCAST INFORMATION SERVICE
P. O. Bos 2604
Washington, D. C. 20013
26 February 1981 -
~IUTC I~R01~1 'I'FIE DIRLCTOR, FBIS:
Forty years ago, tlie U.S. Government inaugurated a new
servi~e to monitor foreign public broadcasts. A few years later �
a similar group was establislled to exploit the forei~;n press.
Prom the merger of these organizations evolved the present-day
FBIS. Our constant goal tlirougnout llas been to provide our readers
witli rapid, accurate, and compreliensive reporting from tlie public
meclia worldwide.
~ On bellalf of all of us in FBIS I wish to express appreciati~m
to our reaclers who llave guided our effc: ts tiiroughout the years.
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~ WORLDWIAE AFFAIRS
SAUDI ARABIA OFFERS PAKISTAN FINANCING TO BUILD NUCLEAR BOMB
LD181816 London SUNDAY TIMES in Engli~h 18 Jan 81 p 1
[Article by Edith Lenart: "Saudi Uffer To Help Zia Build H-Bomb"]
[Text] Saudi Arabia has offered Pakistan $800 million (about 330 million pounds) _
to help make an H-bo:nb, on condition that the nucZear technology does not get
into the hands of Iraq.
An agreement to this effect, which is about to be signed, will also effectively
exclude Libya's Colonel al-Qadhdhafi from the project. A1-Qadhdhafi had sup- .
- por'ted Paicistan's secret bid for an H-bomb with funds and uranate (uranium cake)
until his friend, formec Prime Minister Ali Bhutto, was executed by General Zia
in April 1979.
But Pakistan was upset by al-Qadhdhafi's insistence on his own nuclear experts
being allowed access to their research programune, and they looked elsewhere for
funds. Last autumn Pakistan turned to the Saudi G~vernment for help. The pro-
- posal far an Islamic bomb was made direct to Crown Prince Fahd, the prime
minister.
He instructed his deputy minister for defence and aviation, Prince Turki al-Faisal,
and the minister for petroleum and minEral resources, Ahmad Yamani, to start talks.
The Pakistani negotiators included the foreign minister, Agha Shahi, the nuclear -
research director, Abdul Qadir Khan, and the chief of the Pakistan Atomic Energy
Commission, Munir Ahmed Khan. They said that Pakistan's atomic programme had
reached the stage where they could start developing a nuclear device but that
the cost had outstripped the country's resources.
The alternative the Pakistanis said was to drop the project or to invite the
Iraqi Government to finance the whole scheme in return for sharing Paki~tani
know-now.
The Saudis told the Pakistanis that Iraqi President Saddam Husayn wanted his
country to have a nuclear device which would enable him to exercise a dominant
role in the Mi.ddle East, even without directly making use of the bomb. The
Saudis said Middle East politics prevented them from openly opposing Saddam, but
they were determined to block Iraq's nuclear ambitions through diplomatic _
~ channels.
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The first Saudi offer of $250 million was made personally last October by Sheikh
Yamani to Pakistan's foreign minister but was rejected by the Pakistanis.
'Ph~ result came at a secret meeting in Europe, some weeks ago, when the Saudis
increased their offer to $800 million, which both sides regard as "acceptable.~~
- COPYRIGHT: Times Newspapers Limited, 1981
_ CSO : 5100
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JAPAN
MIXED FEELINGS OVER NUCLEAR POWER
Tokyo MAINICHI DAlI,Y NEWS in English 2 Feb 81 p 1
[Text]
1Vearlv hal f of those surve~ed Only 5 percent answered it 10 millirems, or one-tenth of the
in a national poll think nuclear should be lowered, while 28 exposure of a chest X-ray.
power will be the principal percent wanted the present Three out of every four kne~v
energy source for the future, level maintained. about the Three biile Island
but at the same time, more than However, 56 percent of the radiation leak in the United
half are worried about nuclear people monitored said they felt States two years ago, but the
safety. concern over nuclear power. maximum exposure to local
The survey was conducted by As concret~ targets of con- residents - some 100 millirems
thePrimel~Iinister'sOfficelast ~ern, 30 percent cited -wasknownbyocily3percent.
November to find out how radioactivity from nuclear The poll also revealed that 44
conscious peopte are of the need power plants, 16 percen�t percent want to know about the
- for energy conservation and po~ential accidents, 7 percent potential effects of radiatioa on
nuclear energ~�. safeness of nuclear reactors the human body and `the en-
Eighty-two percent of the and "a percent vulnerability to vironment.
'5'000 males and females aged ?0 tremors or other natural Thir~y-six percent wanted to
disasters. learn more about safety
ur over picked throughout the There was no major gap in measures against possible
country responded. the extent of such concern be- nuclear accidents while 29
according to their replies tween pollees in prefectures percent wanted information on
released Saturday, 47 percent where nuclear f~cilities are the means of disposing of
think nuclear energy will be the located and those where there nuclear waste.
- principaI soiuce of energy in are none, the office noted.
~ the future. Twenty-nine percent an-
Eighteen percent of the swered correctly that nuclear
resgondents cited solar energy power stations eradiate
as the primary future alternate radiation constantly.
power source. As many as ~4 percent an-
Asked if they thought the swered incorrectly.
- amount of nuclear power in the Only ~ percent knew that the
entire. po~~er output lnow 13 eradiation amou~ts to less than
percent) should be raised, 38
percent of the pollees replied in
the affirmative.
COPYRIGHT: Mainichi Shimbunsha 1981
~ CSO: 4120
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' JAPAN
LEAKAGE DETECTION BY ACOUSTIC EMISSION AT NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS
Tokyo TECHNOCRAT in English Vol 13, No 11, Nov 80 p 59
[Text]
The Cenrral Research Insritute oj the Electric Power lndustry has
~ern srudying jeasibility of a(eukqge detection techniyue that utilizes
fuund c ieuted when o liquid or gas (euks, in o~der to check the jailurr oj
7rping systemr in nuclea~ power stotrnns. The fo!lowing is a sumrrtory
_ 1nd resvlts oj their investrgations.
!n the cax when a crack in a piping sysrem devefops und expcnds
ro cause leakuge, the fiqurd or gas wifl blow out violentfy dne to the
presrure dijjerence between inside and outside oj the prping. At this
point sounds being a broad�band jrequency arc generuted and trave(
llong the sofid porrion oj the pipe in both directions. Consequently,
round detectors properly spaced on the piping theoxticalfy can detcct
rhe jailu~e, and moreover by taking advange oj rhe sound decrease
~iuring prapagation, ccn approxirncte rhe focatron oj the leakagt by rhe ~
dmnpening rario.
- The findings oj the experimentr are as joilows:
/i/ Charorterisrics ojleakage soun~is: For the most part LWR piping
in use conveys high-temperaturr, high-pressure wate~ ond steam. The
expr~irnrnt showe~ that ~he sound irttensity oja leak ojmrurated steam
o~ high-tcmperahrre high-pressure wate~ increases with the increase oj
rhe amounr leakrng. !rt adJition, the sound spectrum ranges over lMHz.
(2) P~opugution oj o lrak's sound: The dampening oj a leak't sound
v~jjcrs jrom pluce to place; the amount per unit length in the neighbor-
hooJ oj point oj leokage is greate~ thur: jor the rcst oj the pipe.
Furrhrr, the umount becomes rven greater in the highrr j~equency mnge,
- ancl rhr pipe cuntuining liquid dampens mv~e sound thun in the case oju
gUS.
/1/ :tttachment oj cnnductin,q roJs to the pipinK~ Acoustie pro�
perrrer ~J cvnducting rods ure thor the dampening difjercnce in the
drjjrrenr lengrh oj rods is neg(igible, whereas rhe dlameter ajjects lhe
prvprrrv ruthrr greurlv, resulring in a.a~dJen dumpening increase as the
Jidmrrrr becomes fess.
"l'u cnnnect conducting rods, a/thoagh wefding is the tasiest where
uvilubfc. ,r high�temperoture udhesive hvs heen developed jor the zones in
whrc�h weldiny heat is tvo severe to permit. The suund propugation
per~i~rmdnc�e oj the udhesive proved in the test tv bt ufmost equivalent
to thut u~ thr welding methvd.
/4) Lcukagr monito~ing system: For monitoring /eakuge signals in
e.rpe.imenru! equipment, detectors are not required to be under con�
rtun: ~r sirnuftaneous surveillunce since the signals arc cantinuous.
lnsteud, it is considered pe?J'erab(e rhat devices ure sampled and analyzed
ur rertain intervuls, and thrn the resu(ts are comp: red with standa~ds (a
buckground nuisc without feukageJ so as to obfain any deviatron whlch
could r. valuute pvssible leuk~ye us weff as its site.
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loe,uon or i..rp.
Pipinp
COnduClillO fOd
$~nfpr
Prwmplilip
M~m ~mPl~fiv
' (inClud~np fi1tN)
uM~r NnfOrf
~ 4/O Gr~qwncv
CO~IV~/[~I ~flilylN
i m~.no.r
0
~ CPU ~/O umi
F (w~rninq upnalt)
~ A/D tonwrnr
RMS m~t~r R~CO~dN
- Fig. 1. Leakage Monitoring System (an Exsmple) ,
~ COPYRIGHT: 1980 Fuji Marketing Research Co., Ltd
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- JAPAN
NEW SEMICONDUCTOR RADIATION DETECTOR PREPAREB
Tokyo TECHNOCRAT in English Vol 13 No 11, Nov 80 p 59
(Text]
Tvshibu Cvr~. has succ�rrsed in preparing a!ow�cost, highly-sensttive, ~
X-rays
non�bias semiconductor radi~rion detector fhut can bt used at normal
tcniper~turr.c Hlph-pure sillcon
5emicondurtor detectors empfoying sillcon ar gtrmunium havt hlgh
_ resolviny po~vrr su th~t they a~e widely in use jo~ uctivation anulysls, -
.r�ruy jluo~ometry, und nuc(eur strucRrre studie.v ete., being rejened to
as typica! radiution detectnrs. Howrver, conventionu! semiconductor I
derec�tors ull require u high bra.r volfaye, but the worse druwbuck Js that I
- the;� rrquire cooling in liquid nitrogrn, which presrnts dijftculties ij ~ -
u.cr~l jor ,r�rvy theropeutic equipmrnt such as rudiogruphy and X�ruy CT. ~ I Aluminum
The newiy-develnped insrn~rnrnt utili:er hiyh-purity si(lcon with an Gold ~
:rr:p~~rtty roncentrution ojabnut !//0,000 oj that used jorconventionul
_ !C s, in order to providr u surju~�e�burrirr type Jetector thut bui(ds a ~
nu+~ bias, coofir~y jree eiement. This has enubleJ !Lt app!lcatton jor ~
Y ~;ty ther,tpy. ~
/
Thr ndw Jevirr is shvwn in the jigure: u high-purity silfcnn .turjacr
- /
Ni;h ~ cprciJic� rrri~tdn~�e vf 3.Skt2�cm is deposited wrth a thin rilicon /
!~iJ~� ~ilm ~n rhr urder oj SOt~ and /urthr~ with gnfd on ~ht film to
- h~rn~ ~ a~.�J~�e burnrr. Depletion layer
Fig. l. Schrm~tic Di~gram of New Non-Biae, _
SCmi~unSuctor Radiation Dete~tor
COPYRIGHT: 1980 Fuji Marketing Research Co., Ltd "
.
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JAPAN
NUCLEAR POWER DEVELOPMENT DECREASE SAID TEMPORARY
Toicyo MAINICHI DAILY NEWS in English 31 Jan 81 p 5
[Text ] Japanese expenditure on lowing the United States'
atomic power development Three Mile Island disaster of
decreased for the first time in MaYCh 1979.
fiscai 1979 ending last Mareh. However, the future was -
following the United States' bright, the survey said.
Three Mile lsland disaster of It found the balance of con-
according to a survey released tracts in hand in the
Thursday. mar,ufacturiqg and mining
Hcwever, the Japan Atomic indastry related to atomic
Industrial Forum, Inc., which power was 2,100 billion yen, up
conducted the survey, said the i3 percent over the previous
drop was only temporary and yInvestmenf in production
did not alter the overall growth 'facilities had also increased six
- trend in expenditure.on atomic ~
power development. percent. ~
Imports related to atomic
i Based on questionnaires ~WeT ~n 1979 totaled 510 billion
returned by about 900 firms in yen, the survey showed,
industries. related to atomic compared with 21 billion yen for
~ power, the survey found their e~rts, indicating that Japan's
' totai expenditure in atomic a~mic power industry was still
~ power-related areas for 1979 very dependent on overseas
was 1,420 biliion yen. technology. "
This meant a drop of two
percent from the previous year, -
compared with an annual in-
crease of from 12 to 170 percent
during the previous eight years.
~ It was the first time ex-
penditure on atomic power
dev.elopment bad decreased,
the ~9tirvey"saI'ci; and reflected
delays to Japan's atomic
electric power projects fol-
COI'YRIGHT: Mainichi Shimbunsha 1981
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JAPAN
r1HI SFEKS BECHTEL TIE ON NUCLEAR POWER PLANT ~
Tokyo THF JAPAN ECONOMIC JOURNAL in English 20 Jan 81 p 6 -
[Text ] ~litsubishi Heavy Industries, electric utility companies by ing Bechtel's similar coopera-
Ltd. has decided to roU back its two rival makers, Toshiba tion in basic designing and
still inferior domestic nuclear Corp. and Hitachi, Ltd., both blueprinting of its PWR type of
power plant market position lceal licensees of General Elec- N-power plants whenever the
against nvo major lxal rivals tric Co., the original American need arose, just as Toshiba and
by seeking full-scale tech- developer. The PWR type, Hitachi have done concerning
nological cooperation of originally developed by West- their BWR types.
Bechtel Corp. of San Francisco, inghouse Electric Corp. of :he MHI has decided to sign a
the warld's top N-plant en- U.S., has been produced and new contract with Bechtel to
gineering firm. supplied by MHI under West- seek the latter's constant
Japan's domestic N-pawer inghouse's license. cooperative instructions as to
plant market has so far been The Japanese market has numerotLS aspects of its N-
- divided into two kinds of such been dominated by the BWR power plant planning, design-
plant, the BWR (boilin~ water types because of GE's close ing.
reactor) and the PWR (pres- business and technological alli- MHI's prospective full-
- surized water reactor). ance with Tokyo Electric fledged tieup with Bechtel, to
The BWR types have been Power Co. follow up Hitachi's similar step
built and supplied to Japanese MHI so far has been obtain- realized last August, has been
motivated by a recent resur-
gence of Japan's N-power plant
construction drive after a long
lag since the Three Mile Island
mishap.
CO]'YK[GH'1': 1981 1'HE NIHON KEIZAI SHINBUN, Inc
_ ('sc): 41'l.0
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JAPAN
GSTABLISHMENT OF RULE ON SPENT NUCLEAR FUEL REPROCESSING SOUGHT
Tokyo THE JAPAN ECONOMIC JOURNAL in English 20 Jan 81 p 4
[Text] The Japanese Government
intends shortly to enter into
talks successively w7th Aus-
tralia, Canada and the U.S. for
establishing a common interna-
tional rule on reprocessing of
spent nuclear fuel, based on a
relaxation of c~rent restric-
" tions on such reprocessing.
For enabling an easing of
present reprocessing regula-
tions, the Government hopes to
secure international consent on
the following points:
-Abolish the present indivi-
dual approval formula under
which nations exporting
uranium or enriched uranium
require the country importing
to sacure their screening and
approval in advance for every -
reprceessing of spent nuclear
fuel sought by their nuclear
power generation stations.
-Apply, instead, a prceedure
requiring the importing nation
to submit its plan on reproces-
sing or comprehensive in-
formation to the exporting
nation, and have the latter
, sanction reprocessing within -
such a framework. ~
Atomic power generation
throughout the world greatly
has slowed down as a sequel to
the Carter Administration's -
stringent anti-nuclear proli-
feration policy and the un-
toward Three Mile Island
incident.
COPYRIGHT: 1981 TH~ NIHON KEIZAI SHINBUN, Inc
CSO: 4120
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JAPAN
AUS'IRALIA ASKED FOR STABLE SUPPLY OF URANIUM
Tokyo THE JAPr~N TIMES in English 23 Jan 81 p 5
~ [TexC ] International Trade and frastructural facilities. L~�nch told Tanaka that im�
Industry ;~linister Rokusuke Tanaka noted the necessity ot p o r t� r e s t r I c t i o n s w e re
Tanaka Thursday asked bilateral industry�level necessary for a short F:!'iod
Australta for a stable supply ot diseussion on [he amounts and time but added that the
- uranfum ore. ln fhis connection, prices of coal imports; trom Australian market is open
h e o f t e r e d J a p a n e s e Australia in the fu[ure. wider than the Japanese
cooperation in prospecting (or Anthorry told Tanaka that it market. _
uranlum ore. was necessary to set coal prices
Tanaka made the request at an appropriate level in order
when he . met Doug Anthony. to tac111tate more investments
deputy prime mintster and in his country's coal develop-
minister for trade and ment.
resources. Phillip Lynch, Tanaka sald Japan would
minister for industry and import ~ millton tons of coal in
- commerce. and John Carrick. 1935 and 53.5 million tons in
minister for national 1~�
- development o[ energy all of Tanaka and the ~ustralian
, K~hom came here to attend the officials agreed to promote
Japan-Australia ;~Iinisterlal bilateral. develoQment of coal
Conference. liquefaction technique and oil
Anthonv welcomed the shale. ~
Japanese offer. Carrick told Tanaka fhat his
Anthony, howe~~er, urged country would , consider
Japan to promote negotiations favorably the exports ot
_ on the revision of the bilateral liquetted co~ and o11 shale to
nuclear a~reement, so as to Japan in the tuture.
enable his country to export On trade, Tanaka asked the
uranium to.Japan. Australian ot(fcials to litt im-
Tanaka aiso promised Por!restrictfonstheircountryis
Japanese contribution to the imposing on fndustrial products _
develo~ment o[ Ausjraltan coal �ke textiles and cars.
resources and related in-
COPYRIGHT: THE JAPAN TIMES 1981 ~
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JAPAN
' BRIEFS
ZIRCONIUM FUEL, CLADDING--In producing zirconium used as fuel cladding for nuclear
power reactors, a new, creative process has been developed. Mitsui & Co., Ltd.
in cooperation with Ishizaka Kenkyusho Co. has perfected the method, which can
yield high-quality zirconium at half the cost of existing producers, in addition
to eliminatinb the needs for environmentally controversial solvents and acids, and
other advantages. The new process is referred to as a distill.ation method. It
excels conventional extraction ~ethods ~mploying organic solvents by reducing
the extraction process to only two stages, chloridization and distil~ation. This
system is capable of reducing the price by half, to 3.3 dollars/lb. Present
processes, in order to separate hafnium in the ore, first extract zirconium by
chloridization with a large amount of organic solvents and acids, requiring addi-
tional complicated procedures such as precipitation and calcination. The new
method features: (1) simple preparation procedures with haXf the construction
expenses; (2) a high-quality products yielded by distillation; (3) a pollution-
free system which does not use solvents and acids; (4) separated hafnium useful
for hard metals or control rods. The element is also promising as a titanium
' substitute because of its greatly reduced cost. jText] [Tokyo TECH[~TTOCRAT in
English Vol 13, No 11, Nov 80 p 58]
FUEL PRODUCTION PLANT~--The Power Reactor and Nuclear Fuel Development Corporation
(PNC) has revealed that it wi.ll commence construction in 1981 F.Y. of a fully
automatic FBR plutonium fuel production p~ant reportedly the world's firsC, with
a 5 Cons/year capacity. The plant is to produce MOX fuels for the FBR prototype,
"Mon~u" (electric output: 300MW), which will reach criticality in 1987. Expected
to initiate full-fledged operation in 1986, the facility is designed to secure
lowered radiation exposure to operators as well as labor saving and cost reduc-
tion. At the same time, it not only produces prototype reactor fuels but is
characterized as a precursor plant for future practical reactor fuels. In Japan
plutonium for FBRs is obtained by reprocessing spent nuclear fuels of light-water
reactors (LWR); since the product thus extracted is strongly radioactive level
plutonium, remote-controlled operation is indispensable in avoiding excessive
doses. By contrast, European nations treat spent fuels from gas reactor to pro-
vide raw plutonium which has less intense radioactivity than that of the LWR`s,
so that FBR fuel manufacturing factories, they maintain, can be dependent upon
manual operation. However, LWR-made plutonium will also have to be used even in
Europe in the near future, so the entirely-automated fabrication plant which the
_ PNC is now aboLt to build is understandably attracting great interest. [Text]
[Tokyo TECHNOCRAT in English Vol 13, No 11, Nov 80 p 58]
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rux urrl~teL u5~ uNLY
UNDERWATER DEACTIVp.TION POWER Rr,r',~T~nS--The Ministry of International Trade and -
~ Industry as well as electric power companies is proceeding with the study on rthe
technical feasibility of decouuniss;.oning nuclear power reactors, and Tokyo Elec-
_ t~ic Power Co. has announce.d plans to dism3ntle used reactors through underwater
cutting techniques. According to the company, highly radioactive, aged reactor~
can be dismembered under water for storage in casks by means of plasma arc, water
jet, and other weldiug mezhods. Such underwater dismantling technology is being
developed ?.n the U.S., West Germany and Japan, with apparent promise for practical
use. The immersed cutting operation is intended to prevent workers' exposure;
after dismantling, chunks are placed in the cask for storage or burial. The MITI
will conduct reliability~ tests on reactor dismantling treatment in next fiscal
year, in order to probe its feasibility. [Text] [Tokyo TECHNOCRAT in English
Vol 13, No 11, Nov 80 p 58]
EXPERIMENTAL MULTIPURPOSE HTGR--The Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute (JAERI), -
in an effort to establish a public-private setup for developing a ~nulti-purpose, _
high-temperature gas reactor, has ordered the detailed designing for the experi-
mental reactor (thermal output: 50,000 kW) which they hope will reach criticaliCy
in fiscal 1987, from the four nu~lear industry groups consisting of Fuji Electric,
- Hitachi, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries and the Nippon Atomic Industry Group, desig-
nating Fuji Electric as a representative. The multi-purpose HTGR is said to be
the last resort in order to shift the non-electric power sector, which consumes
more than two-thirds of the primary energy supply, from petroleum to nuclear heat.
~ Consequently, the Science and Technology Agency, in light of national security, -
hereafter will work vigorously at allocating an increased R&D budget for the
JAERI, in order to achieve immediate realization. When it receives these resources
the JAERI will tackle the detailed design task in the 3-year project at a total -
cost of about ~�4 billion, the construction of the reactor will begin in mid-1983
F.Y., eventually spending as much as ~�150 billion, with criticality expected in
" 1987. [Text] [Tokyo TECHNOCRAT in English Vol 13, No 11, Nov 80 p 58]
MODIFIED BWR TO KARIWA PLANT--The Advanced Engineering Team (AET) formed by G.E.
(U.S.) and other five BWR manufacturers is developing an improved BWR which
Tokyo Electric Power Co. is considering introducing into the Kariwa nuclear power
station. Unit 3 reactor (1100NiW) in Kashiwazaki, scheduled for start-up around
1990. The modified-type reactor has allegedly undergone the following drastic
design changes in contrast to existing models: (1) a circulation pump built in
the reactor container; (2) load-follow operation is possible; (3) easier routine
inspection has been provided for. At present, commercialization efforts are
being made. AET is an organ of international cooperation launched by five BWR
makers of G.E., Hitachi, Toshiba, Asea Atom (Sweden), Ansaldo Mecanico-Nuclear
Sp~. (Italy). The modified reactor features subsrantial improvements, such as
lower exposure doses and easier operation, over conventional types. Moreover,
- it is said to have incorporated the results of reactor madification & standardiza-
tion research now being carried on by the MITI, thereby being tailored to the
needs of the Japanese industry. [Text] [Tokyo TECHNOCRAT in English Vol 13, No 11,
vov 80 p 58] -
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ALGERIA
BRIEFS
NUCLEAR RESEARCEI CENTER--With the aid of the French atomic energy commission Algeria
is going to set up a nuclear research center at Ain Oussera. When President Chadli
Bend3edid visits France, after the presidential election, the acquisition of such
a center wi11 be on his agenda. [Text] [Paris L'EXPRESS in French 24 Jan 81 p 93] -
CSO: 5100
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FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY
SCHMIDT SUPPORTS INCREASE IN NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS
Hamburg STERN in German 17 Dec 80 p 146
[Text] Helmut S~hmidt intends to step up the construc~ion of
nuclear power plants. Therefore the usP or oil and gas in
the generation of electricity is supp~sed to be restricted
even further.
In the coalition negotiations with the FDP, Chancellor Helmut Schmidt surprised
his partners with an unexpected demand. He insisted on including in the coalition
paper the commitment to progressively cut back on the power plants' use of oil and
gas for energy production. Even Economics Minister Otto Graf Lambsdorff--already
an opponent of government interv~ntion in economic processes--could not dissuade
the chancelZor.
The chancellor's undertaking ev~ked surprise, f~r in the approximately 1,Q00 West
German power plants (yearly energy production: 299 billion kilowatt hours) barely ~
5 percent of the electricity is generated by burning fuel oil. Ten years ago it ~
exceeded 10 percent.
- Ulf Lantzke, director of the International Energy Agency in Paris, praises the re-
- duction of o3.1 consumption: "If the public utilities in other countries conducted
themselves as those in West Germany, we would have 25 percent fewer worries."
Experts however do not consider further reduction of oil consumption possible. ~
For many power plants, on account of their location in the vicinity of refineries,
can be most easily supplied with heavy fuel oil. Finally, the oil-fired power
plants are also needed as a stop-gap during shutdown of nuclear power plants, ac-
cording to the opinion of experts, because they can be turred on and off quickly
without gre3t technical effort.
In gas consumption also, Schmidt's econotnizing plans make no sense on the face -
of it. ~aenty percent of the West German energy :is obtained from natura"1 gas j
(22 billion cubic meters). Shortages in supply wr.ich would require a forced re- ~
trenchment are not in sight. On the contrary: Qnly recently the Federal Minis-
try for Economics feared that the gas ~uantities from Holland, Norway and the
Soviet Union guaranteed in future contracts would only be disposed of with dif-
ficulty in the market." West German companies are now even negotiating further
deliveries from the Soviet Union from 1985 onwards. The contractu~'~. ~~'-~d
upon amounts must be purchased.
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Moreover, the gas-fired power plants also have the advantage that one can con-
vert them in a short time to other energy ;,arriers, for example, oil. In con-
trast to coal-fired power plants, they do not foul the air with dangerous sulfur
dioxide. On the other hand, the market sees to it tha.t the burning of natural
gas for energy production does not increase further. The times are gone when ~
natural gas was substantially cheaper than oil. Electricity producer Horst
Ma.gerl, director of the Association of German Electric Power Plants (VDEW):
"Natural gas will also therefore be cut back in the production of electricity.
Government intervention here is neither necessary nor useful."
Nevertheless, as incomprehensible as the chancellor`s plans appear at first,
there is a system to them: Schmidt wants to make the unpopular expansion of nu-
clear energy unavoidable through compulsion. The chancellor in his government
statement: "The federal govemment considers further expansion of nuclear energy
justifiably safe technically and--for the ~o~eseeable future--necessary for ener-
gy policy." Schmidt's reckoning will be correct if oil and gas lar~ely cease to
be used for electricity production. For electricity demand is no longer to be
met by additional coal-`ired power plants alone.
Schmidt also wants to check witr. the laender as quickly as possible as to how
nuclear power plant certification can be speeded up without loss of safety. The
_ electricity producers one again camputed, precisely at the time of the govern-
ment statement, how many nuclear power plants must be built by 1990: at least 10.
Bavaria alone, according to the Munich Economic Ministry, would have to build two
additional nuclear reactors with the elimination of oil in electricity production.
Horst Magerl of the Association of German Electric Power Plants (VDEW) cannot yet
believe that Helmut Schmidt now wants to fulfill his (Magerl's) wishes: "That is
too good to be true."
COPYRIGHT: 1980 Gruner + Jahr AG & Co.
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