JPRS ID: 9288 NEAR EAST/NORTH AFRICA REPORT

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• Collection: JPRS
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP82-00850R000300090008-1
• Release Decision: RIF
• Original Classification: U
• Document Page Count: 54
• Document Creation Date: November 1, 2016
• Sequence Number: 8
• Content Type: REPORTS

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JPRS L/9586
- 4 March 1981
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- S~b-Saharar~ Africa Re ort
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' FOU~O No. 711
FBIS FORE~G(~ BROADCAST INFORMATION SERVICE
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FOREIGN BROADCI~.ST INFORMATION SER~~ICE
- P. O. Box 26t~4
Washington, D. C. 20013
2G February 1981
NU'1'l; l~IZOf~I '17[L l1IRLiCI'Uk, F~IS: _
I~orty ycars a~o, the U.S. Government inaugurated a new
, service to monitor loreign public broadcasts. A�ew years later
a similar ~;roup was established to exploit the foreign prc~ss.
l~ror~ t}ic mcr�~;er of tlic5e organizations ev~~lved the present-day `
l~l~ f S. Our constant goal throu~i~out 1-?as been to provide ~ur readers -
tivit~i rapici, ac~~ir~ite, arlcl compreliensive reporting from tlie public
inccl ia W01' I cIW L(1C .
On hcli~ilf of all oi~ us in FBIS I wish to express appreciat:ion
to our rcaclcrs LJ~lO havc guided our efforts throughout the years.
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~PRS L/9586 ~
4 March ].9 81
SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA REPORT
FOUO No. 711
CONTENTS `
INTER-AI~'RICAN AFFAIRS '
Reaction of i'rance, Chadian Neighbors to Libyan Intervention =
(Jean Larteguy; PARIS MATCH, 2 Jan 81) 1
Eyewitness Cives Account of ~onditions in Nd~amena ,
(Patrick Forestier; PARIS MATCH, Jan 81) 4 -
Toward Reestabiishment of EAC
(MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS, 2 Jan 81) 9
Tabligbo Cement Plant Inaugurated, Financing Reviewed
- (~IARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS, 23 Jan 81j 10
- ANGOLA
Dos Santos on Angolan, African Issues
- (Eduardo dos Santos Interview; AFRICA, Feb 81) 12
BURUNDI
Briefs _
Algeriari Joint Commission Meeting 15
Romanian Deputy Minister's Visit 15
Farm Piachinery From DPRK 15
CAPE VERDT:
Brief s
EEC ~lectricity Assistance 16
COMORO ISLANDS -
Briefs
Frenchman's Visit 17
Economy in 1980 17
Nation's Budget 17
- a- ~III - NE & A- 120 FOUO]
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coNC,a
Presi.dent Seems To Be Living Up to People's Expectations
(Sophie Bessis; JEUNE AFRIQUE, 31 Dec 80) 18
ETHIOPIA
Brief s
USSR Scholarships 20
Scientific Cooperation With USSR 20
~ Delegate to Cuban Congress 20
FAO Food Aid 20
_ Agreement With Sudan 20
MAURITIUS
Briefs
Economic Cooperation With PakisY.an 21
~ MOZAMBIQUE
Port, Railroad Traffic Statistics Given
(MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRAN,EENS, 23 Jan 81) 22
Port Traffic
Railroad Traffic
NAMIBIA
Stakes in Namibia Described
_ (Simon Malley; AFRIQUE-ASIE, 5 Jan 81) 23
- NIGER
Political, Economic Role of Samaria Noted
(Sylviane Kamara; JEUNE AFRIQUE, 31 Dec 80) 26
NIGERIA
Background of Problems With A1-Qadhdhafi Analyzed
(Eddie Iroh; AFRICA, Feb 81) 28
Brief s
New Port Facility Construction 3G
New Container-Ship Service 30
rishing Harbor Improvement 30
Animal Fodd~r Plant Construction 30
New Phosphate Deposits 30
_ Plastics Plant Pro~ect 31
- Nail Factory Construction 31
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Pros, Cons of Autonomy ~iscussed
(Elic Haorau Interview; AFRICA, Feb 81) 32
- SI~RRA LEONE
_ R~pples From Margai's Death Reported
(AFRTCA, Feb 81) 35
UGANDA
Obot_e Discusses Security, Economic Problems, Policy
(Milton Obote Interview; AFItICA, Feb 81) 37
23rief s
_ Canadian Cobalt Exploitation Contract 4fl
UPPER VOLTA
Economic Situation in Upper Volta
(MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS, 9 Jan 81) 41
- ZAIRE
President Mobutu Predicts Economic Improven:ent
(MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITEkRANEENS, 9 Jan 81) 43
Constitutional Changes in Government, Party Organizaticn
(MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS, 2 Jan 81) 44
Briefs
Belgian Economic, Technical Aid 46
IDA Aids Sugar Production 46
Electrical Equipment Company 46
ZIMBABWE
Government Effort To Diversify Agriculture Reported
(Sam Corbin; AFRIQUE-ASIE, 5 Jan 81) 47
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INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS
REACTION OF F?IriNCE, CHADIAN NEIGHBORS TO LIBYAN INTERVENTION
Paris PARIS MATCH in French 2 Jan 81 p 39
[Article by Jean Larteguy: "Robert Ga].ley: 'We Will Help Chad Remain Independent
(Text] Up to this day, in different incursions, the colonel had shown a total lack
of organization, improvising as the mood struck him. This had earned h:tm a few de-
feats in Uganda, where he had to buy his soldiers back, and in 'Punisia, Egypt and
Malta, where he thought he could take the island. His coalition pro~ects--the last
- one with Syria--didn't go past the "enthueiastic proclamation~" stage.
But this time at Chad, he ~roceeds with shrewd strategy, according to remarkably
well established plans and a calendar to which he remains faithful. It's to be won-
dered if we have to deal with the same Qadhdhafi or if he is not entirely advised
by his friends from the East? "The main thing is that Hissein Habre is finished,"
Thiam Tidjani told me, Paris representative to Chad'~ Minister of Foreign Affairs,
- Ah~mat Acyl, the Libya man. He was at Chad to defend the combined interests of -
France, Egypt and Israel. He could not ev~n resume his adventure in the gravels
of Tibesti. His route had been intercepted. His men have taken to the taste of -
- luxury. They even smoke Dunhill cigarettes. The best ones have been killed. And
who will want them? Who will waat to give him weapona? Sudan.? Nimeiri already has ~
a hard time holding his o~an. Sadat? He has stopped helping them, seeing that
they lost.
Peace cnanot be made unless this dangerous adventurer is eliminated. He has had
his turn. He has been crossed ~ut of the framework of history. Never again!"
--Meanwhile, Libya's help was needed to bring about victory.
--Only about 1~0 counse~ors and certainly sophisticated armament. -
--What other counselor would do? Tomorrow it will be Niger's turn, isn't that
right?
--What Qadhdhafi wants to d~, we know nothing about. We asked for his help. He
gave it to us. I can only assure you that wey Chadians, haven't any designs on our
nei~hbor, Niger. We *.~ish nothing more than to rebuild our country with the help
of France and the West. It's in your interest, as well as in o~?rs not to lea~ve us
alone in the face of Qadhdhafi and his friends from thq East.
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Whatever it may be, the color_el has realized his dream: Master of Chad, at laet.
And thia is only but the first victory. Others should follow and Niger will fall ~
in turn.
It's president, Colonel Kountc~e who, neverthelessr did the imposaible to mainCain
- excellent relations with Qadhdhafi, up to the point of handing over to him all Che
uranium ne demanded, today cries the loude~t and saqs: "Niger will be the Libyan
colonPl's next conqizest."
It is difficult to see, indeed, how his small army could oppose Qadhdhafi. Unless
France...But nothing is less sure.
All African countries are worried about tt~e new Soviet push under the Libyan guise,
f~r instance Mobutu, who came to voice his worry in Paris, Central Africa, Cameroon,
Nigeria, Senegal and the Ivory Coast, where Houphouet-Boigny uses very strong lan- -
guage to describe Giscard's policy of "abandon." Tunisia is also worried and is
sending troups to the Libyan frontier. And Algeria, in turn, is afraid after the
, organization of the new Mauritian government was made public, a government entirely
in the hands of the POLISARIO a POLISARIO increaeingly pro-Libyan and decreasingly _
linked to Algeria.
In Paris, accused of improvid~nce, softness and, worse, of having signed secret
accords with Qadhdhafi, one seems to take Nd3amena's downfall philosophically.
Mr Robert Galley, minister of cooperation and provisionally charged with National
Defense, told me: "We couldn't remain at Chad. We were bound by the Lagos agree-
ment, signed by the 11 factions. All 3emanded the departure of our troups. They -
were limited to 650 men who could not make that much difference anyway, especially
not in resisting the Libyans. Even the southerners, who today deny it. And they
were the ones who mad~ the loudest noise. We held nothing but the airfield in
Ndjamena and could you see us refuse authorization to the Libyans to land there,
and Goukouni, to boot, the legal President?"
These words remind me r~f what an African friend told me: "We have a certain way
of demanding you to leave, which is also a way of asking you to stay. Those who
know us weli understand what I'm saying." _
It seems Chat this was the case of Mr Journiac who disappeared in a plane crash,
not the case of his successor who would have taken rash initiatives by his own
authority. -
"But no," the Minister tells me. Indiv:iduals did not matter. The loss of Chad?
But, is it lost? I beliAve that the Chadians have such a national feeling that
they will know, if they're hplped, how to mainrain their independence. And we '
coun~ or doing that....I can assure you that there is no uranium in the Aouzou
strip or in the Tibesti. On the other hand, I assure you that there is oil in _
~ Chad and that ~he Americans have found it. Whatever happens, France doesn't risk
the lack of uranium. In Gironde, a deposit has just ~been found which will produce
- ?,000 tons a year. fhe ton has gone from 480 sterling pounds to 3;i0 pounds.
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"Has Niger already been crossed off?"
"Niger isn't truly threatened," states Mr Galley. "And Qadhdhafi is not tied hand
_ and foot by the Soviets as is claimad. The Russiana tend to inr_reasingly intro-
- duce themselves in Africa as we do, less to conquer than to take economic por~itiona
and dispose of their old military equipment."
Presiden~ Mobutu, passing through Paris should make us part of his worry: "After
he seized power in the Aouzou strip, everyone was aware of Qadhdhafi's sights on
Chad. I don't interfere in French affairs, but I think that France shouldn't
have left Chad. To me it was a very seriaus mistake. In getting out, you know
very well that the Libyans would replace you. Now that the deed is done and
~France cannot return anymore, we 'lould strongly and rapidly set up a Pan African
force, where Central Africa would repreaented to replace the Libyans who should
be required to leave."
"What can France do?"
- "France shouldn't re~eat the same mistake again. It should manifest its determin-
ation to defend the sovereignty of its friends, without being, for all that, the
police of Af rica."
"Militarily?"
"In case of need."
"Why then, have the Soviets just built a runway for heavy cargo planes as in Mali,
_ Mopti, Gao and now in the North of Benin?"
"This type of airfield, ~ost in the middle of the desert, costing a fortune, is
good only for military stopovers en route to the Cape. They have no commercial or
tourist value whatsoever. Personally I think, es do the ma~ority of African leaders,
that the conquest of Chad by the Libyans and their Soviet allies is a serious
defeat for France, the West, the moderate African countries, which trusted them and
- all Maghreb, which complains about socialism or royalty. All it takes is a look
at the map. Qadhdhafi is not the wild child Nasser and Sadat talked about. Today,
guardian angels watch over him."
COPYRIGHT: 1980 par Cogedipresse S.A.
- 9626
CSO: 4400
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~ INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS
EYEWITNESS GIVES ACCOUNT OF CONDITIONS IN NDJAMENA
Paris PARIS MAT~H in French Jan 81 pp 38-39
[Article by special correapondent Patrick Foreatier: "Qadhdhafi's Islz.uic Legion
Enters Nd~amena"]
[Text] Peace r~igns in the ruins of Ndjamena. President Goukouni's troups,
supported by Qadhdhaf i'a Islamic Legion entered a city deserted by ita d~fenders
- and also by its inhabitants. Not even a single structure hasn't been riddled by
bullets or shells in the remains of buildinge that can still be seen here and th.ere.
But Mig bombs and artillery f!.re from T 54 and T 55 Soviet tanks have, despite it
all, spared the ~reat Mosque. Ancl, it is there that Preaident Goukouni went to
~ pray to celebrate his victory. In this manner, is achieved for the moment, a fight
whi~h has lasted since 1969: "Since that day," told us President Goukouni, "Libya
has never spared any effort to bring its supplies and moral support to the aid of
Chad's people. Chadiana and Libyans are linked by blood ties and geographic loca-
- tion and will fight together tothe death." In fact, Qadhdhafi is the true architect
_ of the vi~tory. This victory is set down in a massive strategy by which he counts '
on ensuring.his domination of a vaet empire, extending from the Sudan to Mauritania
and which could even reach to Maghreb.
- The clash of arms has stopped. Ndjam.ena was pulverized by the 122mm rockets of
Stalin's organs [WW II multi-barrelled sovieC rocket launcher]. For 9 months
Chad's capital has been the theater of a fratricidal fight wl-,ich set Goukouni's
GUNT [Transitional National Union Government] against Hissein Habre's FAN [Northern
Armed Forces]. During this f ight 7,000 men have fallen where Libyan tanks curned
the tide of battle. Hissein Habre seeked refuge in Cameroon after signing the
"cease fire" at Yaounde. He abandoned his men without even letting them know.
- But, oniy six of his men died on the day of Nd~amena's fall, 400 were taken prisoners.
The victors were merciful. "They are our brothers," declared Goukouni. "They were
betrayed by Hissein Habre."
President Goukouni is now master of Chad. During a press conference, eight months
ago, he had said: Either it is necessary to liquidate the norzhern armed forces or,
the northern ar.med forces liquidate the current government, if they are capable of
it. Hisaein Habre is an obstacle to all national reconciliation. It is necessary
that the victor who will rule the country emerge from these bat~les and the fighting
will go on till then." This young chief, no more than 30 years old, has never been
to France. However, he has said: "I have nothing agai,nst the French people. It's
the return of colonialiam that I fight against." He h~s noth:tng of the theoretician,
~
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- hardened in a fanatic doctrine and, he has often been accused of being soft. Could
he have won without Qadhdhafi's aid? It is doubtful. But, here are the Chadians
with their Soviet equipment. And, everything leads us to think that Qadhdhafi--
whvse qualities as a war chief were, up t~ now, suspect--was well counseled by ex-
~ perts from the USSR and East Germany.
"I t` s Kabul That Comes to Mind In Nd~ amena"
The plane grazes the trees before landing on the runway. Minutes after, the noise
of its turbines resound on Ndjamena. Innocently I ask the driver who is taking me
into town: "Who owns that plane? I didn't know the airport was open." He tells
me: "It's a private plane. A Boeing 737. It brings food supplies." It's use-
less to ask other questions. I wouldn't obtain a different answer. But, I still
ris k one more. One never knows: "Could you take me to the airport?" Answer:
"It is not possible." The government official who accompanies me is very nice.
Glibly he explains to me the nine months of war which have destroyed Chad's capi-
tal during whicti 7,000 men died during fratricidal combats which set Hissein Habre's
FAN forces against Goukouni Weddeye's GUNT coalitioned forces, a coalition essen-
tially formed by his soldiers, the FAP [People's Armed Forces], Col Kamougue's
southerners and Ahmat Acyl's pro-Libya Arabs.
One word remains taboo: "Lihyan." As if Chadians were ashamed of a victory that
on ly half belongs to them. As if the word "Libyan" were synony.nous of devil, to
the extent of not saying it too loud, especially in the presence of a journalist.
Nev ertheless, the Libyans are there. And quite comfortable. In the Diquel neigh-
borhood, a soviet T 54 tank was destroyed. On the other hand, downtown, through the
car's dirty windows I notice a patrol division: Long haired in their dark-green,
ill-fitting uniforms, marching double step by rhe roadside, "kalashnikov" in hand.
From their gait I thought that they be~onged to the "Libyan jamahiriyah," this f am-
ous Qadhdhaf i islamic foreign legion, whose mission is to conquer Sahelian countries.
_ The day before, two Libyans, no weapons, strolled along General de Gaulle Avenue,
Ndj amena's Champs Elysees. But those two, short haired and in impeccable uniforms,~
belong to a regular unit. With their round, wide-brimmed hats they odly resemble
the Soviets lately found on Kabul streets.
Kabul also comes to mind when, hours later, I see at close range the plane *.hat
had landed. Parked in front of the control tower, it is not a Boeing 737 but a
huge Soviet f our turbine Antonov, almosi similar to the American Galaxie. In Kabul
the Russians unload trucks, jeeps, provisions, weapons and ammunition. How can we
believe that here, at Ndjamena, the same thing isn't happening? Not far f rom the
Russian plane, an American Chinook type "banana" painted in camouflage green and
unregistered, takes ofF. Thanks to these planes Col Kamougue was able to transport
600 men from the south to Ndjamena. In front of the hangars of the military air-
port, two Armed Air Chadian DC-4 planes wait for their cargo to supply Faya-Largeau,
Sarh or Abeche, Hissein Habre's ex-home base, also fallen into the hands of "legality."
Soine Libyan Soldiers in Goukouni's Escort
Off icially, the airport is closed. The entrance near the barracks is barred by a
camouflaged Libyan command-car. Here and there, along the road, covered by the
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underbrush a detachment of white tents is lined up. It is Ndjamena's Libyan camp.
Another portion of effective troops provided by Tripoli is installed at Donguia,
60 km from the capital, where a new -runway has been layed out. It is around these
bases, upstream of the Chari river, fi~~~t set up by the French army, that the
ma~ority of the heavy Libyan equipment was deployed: Stalin's organs, canons, sur-
face-to-surface missiles, Soviet assault tanks, which have annihilated Hissein
Habre's troops, are camouflaged, either under nets, the shade of tree branches or
dispersed in the swampy field under cover of high grass.
In the manner of the Sovi.et troops in the Afghan capital, Libyan troops remain en-
trenched in their encampment, not mingling with the inhabitants. Meanwhile, last
week, I noCiced some Libyan soldiers in President Goukouni's escort.
One morning I crossed the Chari river. On the Cameroon side of the Chari, a line
of dusty vehicles and trucks waited to board the ferry. It is a large crowd. Some
carry, either a great bundle or an old "mobylette," (light motor cycle) when not
- huge wood boxes. Suddenly, a whistle blows on the Chadian side. Crouched in the
canoe I try not Co move to avoid rocking the boat. The boatman paddles furiously
against the current, then, in the middle of the river he lets himself drift. As
- soon as the barge arrives the passengers ~ump onto the beach, mingling with the
colcrful crowd. Since the end of the war, the traffic ia intensifying between Cam-
eroon and Farcha, NdjamPna's westside suburb, the only place where crossing is
- allowed.
After a couple of yards we were stopped by three policemen of Chad's Suret'e. While
these officials are examining our passports closely, we argue well over two hours
before a slow 504 "Protocole" came to fetch us. As we walk through Ndjamena,
traffic becomes very fluid. We cross a barricade without incident. A hut, which
serves as guardhouse is surrounded with filthy matresses. From time to time ragged
- fighters search a vehicle. Farther on, a French Cascavel machine-gun, made in
Brazil, under license--Libya's gif t to the coalition forces--appears abandoned on
the side of the road.
Our first stop is at what remains of the "La Tchadienne" hotel. The walls are
riddled by bullets. Most windows are shattered. Various shells have destroyed
some of the structure. A fire blackened the walls of the night club. A shell
tore up the ceiling. We left at 12:30 hours and rejoined the President at the
_ Great Mosque, little damaged by the fighting. The streets are practically des2rted.
And so, Goukouni's escort marches smartly in f ront of th e 604 black presidential lim-
ousine with the flying blue, yellow and red flag. A jeep full of armed fighters
clears th e road. A Toyota follows, armed on the back with a 14.5 mm double-barrelled
machine-gun, which was the number one weapon used during Ndjamena's battle. Des-
- tined at the beginning for anti-air combat, it was used in the streets by the fight-
ers. Not a house or cob-wall :.n the African neighborhood could have resisted the
shooting tempo and the fire power of this Soviet weapon.
A Video Camera Registers The Event
At the end of the procession, four vehicles follow, filled with fighters, standing
on the foothold, "kalashnikov" in hand, scrutinizing the imniediate area. The mosque
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is almoat full. Goukouni and Hamid Mouesai, headquarters commander far the coalition
anny take ttieir places on the firat row. Hundreds of worshippere, dreased in white
and carefully aligned, sit behind them on oriental red carpets. Nd~amena's imam,
having aought refuge in Saud3. Arabia, a mullah entones the "~souraCes"--Koran v~raee-- -
immediately repeated by the whole congregation.
In praying at the mosque to celebrate his victory, Goukouni wanted to refute his
adversaries who accuse him of not eiding witr th~ flag of Islam. A Libyan tele-
_ vision crew carefully films the event with a video-camera. .At the end of the cere-
mnny, some applaud the victor of Nd~amena's battle. The city is, in reality, three-
_ quarters empty. In the European suburb, worse hit, there is no living aoul around.
The Charles de Gaulle avenue is obstructed by two trees which have f allen on the pave-
m~ent. The "Vogue" theater, UTA [Air Traneportation Union] offices and the bank 3re
nothing more than rubble. It is here that the f ront line passed, f o r nine months.
_ On one side, Goukouni's FAPs, sheltered along ttie river inside the structures of -
the president's mansion, f.ired thousands of cartridges trying to take this camp.
Under cross fire f rom the beginning, the cathedral burned down. To dislodge FAP
fighters entrenched in the interior, FAN soldiers shot phosphor~us shells on the
building. Three tanker trucks, blackened by fire ~bstruct Felix-Eboue avenue, where
the second front line ~*as located. Here, the adversaries often fac ed each other
across anly 30 meters.
,
But it was at Sabangali, no doubt, that this war attained its utmos t atrocity. At
- about 1C0 metera f rom hissein Habre's house, hundreds of skeletons and corpaes lie, _
~ half decomposed, on the banks of the river's backwater. In a narrow gully, caduvers
~si[ are packed together. Farther on, in front of a gallows with five ~~ooses, f:+,ve ~
~ skeletons are carefully lined up, From 150 prisoners who were being held by Hissein -
- Habre, only about 40 of them were found. The others have disappeared. But since ,
then, tongues have loosened. One person recalls entire families being massacre4,
such as the family of th~ rich mercnant D~eillal, executed becauae two of his sons
fought with FAP, while their father refu~ed to financially support Hi ssein's cause.
"With tnis type of reprisals, Hissein could hardly maintain discipl ine," a member
of FAP headquarters told me.
_ Hissein ~Iabre sought refuge in C~meroon, after signing the ceasefire at Yaounde.
"On the day of Ndjamena's fall there wasn't any fighting," says a wi tness. All FAN
s~ldiers surrendered. Their conquerors arrested them and then put th em in a truck.
Four hundred ene~:~ies were made prisoners. The most recalcitrant go t kicked or
got their ears boxed. There were no massacres or revenge." "Hissein betrayed
them, but they are our brothers," say FAP victors. Vlctors, thanks t o trie formidable
fire power placed at Goukouni's disposal by Qadhdhafi.
The week that preceded the city's downfall, bombings had ar. intensity never hefore
attained. During the whole war in Cameroon, if French doctors received a few in-
j ured FAP soldiers, they were flooded by the inj ured sent by the FAN zone.
Today; Libyan r'+ntonovs, piloted by Syrians or South Yemeni land at Ndjamena every-
c~ay. They brin.g 36 ton T 54's and T 55's to Chad's capital.
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Before leaving Nd~amena I met a Libyan television crew on the steps of the Presi-
dent's villa. It had ~ust inCPrviewed Goukouni: "We have come to record the help
- in the form of food and medication for the chlldren given tc Chadians by the
- Libyan people."
COPYRIGHT: 1980 par Cogedipresse S. A.
- 9626
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~OR OFFICIAL ~JSF. ONI,Y
INTEF-AFRICAN AFFAIRS
TOWARD REESTABLISHMENT OF' EAC
Paris MA.RCHES TROPICAUX ET MLDITLRRANEENS in French 2 Jan 81 p 36
[Text] An important Ugandan delegat~on headed by Prime Minister Otema Alimadi
proceeded to Kenya just after Christmas for the purpose of ineeting responsible
people of the country on the normalization of bilat~ral relations and on a possi-
ble reestablishment of the EAC (East African Community) which had included Kenya,
Uganda and Tanzania before it split up in 1977.
Uganda, which has not outlet to the sea and whose economy is completely disorganized,
is essentially interested in normalizing its relations with Kenya especially for
its exportation of coffee and tea, but Kenya is equally interested in acquiring
Ugandan products which represent an appreciable source of revenu: for that country.
In fact it is to the advantage of these three countries whose economies are very
dependent on each othpr to resume good relations and they seem convinced of this
fact.
President Daniel arap Moi who received the Ugandan delegation on 27 December, had
already in the past, favorably welcomed the election of president Obote, although
this election sullied by irregularities and strongly supported by Tanzania, had at
the onset not precisely been to his liking.
The principal obstacle to the reestablishment of the Community is of an ideological
, order, Kenya having always displayed its liberaliam in economic matters and its
ties with the west, while Tanzania maintains a socialist system inspired by the
ChinESe pattern. President Obote, before his eviction by Idi Amin Dada, had attempted
to follow Tanzania`s example, and what is more, he lived in Tanzania while in exile.
- Bu[ he does not seem to be anxious to foll~w the same trend, and president Nyerere
himself, facing some of the failures in his policy, appears to be prepared to come
to terms with his neighbors.
Certainly many contentious matters remain to be solved between the three countries
in view of the break-up of the Community. Y.owever, the reestablishment of this
Community seems possible now. Some feel that financial assistance of about $100 mil-
ii~n furnished by industrialized countries could contiibute to its making a good
~tart ard to its operation.
COPYRIGHT: Rene Moreux et Cie Paris 1981
7993
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INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS
TABLIGBO CEMENT PLANT INAUGURATED, FINANCING REVIEWED
[Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS in French 23 Jan 81 p 194]
[Excerpts] Mr Paul Gui Dibo, Ivorian mining minister and chairman of the board of
directors of CIMAO (West Afxican Cement Company), on 14 January, in the presence
of Messrs K. Dogo, Togolese planning and industrial development minister, Maurice
Seri Gnoleba, Ivorian minister of commerce, J-P. Ansah, Ghanaian minister of in-
dustry, science, and technology, and Vincent Bulla, Ghanaian minister of commerce,
inaugurated the regional cement complex at Tabligbo where work had begun 4 years
earlier.
~ The cement comple:: is located 80 kilometers northeast of Lome, the capital, between
the Mono River and the Tabligbo--Aneho Highway. The plant covers a surface area
, of about 35 hectares. Exclusive rights to mine the limestone were granted to CIMAO
for two squares with a size of 3 kilometers eacii (Ordinance No 37, 4 December 1975).
New concessions will be granted later on.
The standard output capacity right now ~.s 1.2 million tons per year, with two lines;
there is a possibility of increasing this figure to 1.8 million tons by adding a
third line or 2.4 million tons by doubling the facilities. The plant uses the dry
method and the indicated electric power output is 17 Mw.
CIMAO was establi.shed on 18 December 1968 between Togo, Ivory Coast, and Lambert
freres et Cie which pulled out in December 1974.
After the withdrawal of the French company and due to the obli~ations demanded by
the World Bank to link up with a sufficiently experienced cement company group to
provide technical support, CIMAO registered the participation of Societe Origny-
Desvroise. Ghana joined,in April 1975, along with the Cement Company of Ghana, as
well as SCA (Abidjan Cement Company) and that made it possible to increase the
CIMAO company capital to 19.3 billion francs CFA [French African Community], 92 per-
cent of which are held equally by the three countries (Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo).
The treaty establishing the regional cement complex for West Africa was signed on
. 12 December 1975 by the presidents of the three promoting countries which together
- and in unison guaranteed all of the long-term and n?edium-term loans needed for the
construction of the industrial complex.
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~
The total investment amount comes to 68 billion francs CFA broken down as follows:
Fvr the industrial complex: 52 billion CFA, including 17.8 billions as a speCia:i
financing effort on the part of the three countries (Ivory Coast, Ghana, and Togo)
in the form of capital stock participation. TEie difference was contributed through
international financing institutions ($116 million): the World B~~nk ($60 million),
the European Investment Bank ($24 million), the African Development Bank ($12 mil-
_ lion}, the Central Economic Cooperation Fund ($10 r~illion), the Arab Bank for Econ-
omic Development in Africa ($10 million);
The necessary support facilities are being f inanced ($70 million) by the Togolese
government with the help of international organizations such as K~TnT (West German
Reconstruction Banlc) with $22.9 million, the European Development Fund witn $20.5
million, the Canadian International Development Agency with $13 million, and .*_he
African Development Bank with $4 mtllion.
According to its chairman, Mr Paul Gui Dibo, the CIMAO board of directors is to
start negotiations with money lenders with a view to financing the second division
of the plant. Considering the fact that the plant's output currently is only 1.2
million tons and that the r.equirements of the three CIMAO stockholder countries
have been estimated at 2 million tons of clinker, it is expected that the plant
capacity will doubled to bring it up to 2.4 million tons.
Ghanaian Industry, Sc~encE, and Technology Minister ~ P, Ansah suggested other wa~s ~
in which the countries of the subregion could promote their economic cooperation.
"In Ghana," r~e said, "we are ready to participate in any viable regional under-
taking which we might be invited to join. Thus, the vast phosphate deposits of
Togo can serve as a basis for a regional fertilizer industry. The immense iron
mineral reserves of the Nimba Mountains in Liberia, of Sierra-Leone, and of Guinea
- can be developed to constitute the backbone of our regional economic growth. The

- bauxite reserves in Ghana an~l the huge gold mines can be exploited together for -
the wel~ being of our people. The costs and the technology pertaining to rhe paper
pulp industry are such that this industry would grow be5t on a regional basis."
COPYRIGHT: Rene Moreux et Cie Paris 1981 -
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~
ANGOLA
DOS SANTOS ON ANGOLAN, AFRICAN ISSUES
London AFRICA in English Feb II1 pp 28, 33, 35
_ [InCerview with Eduardo dos Santos by Marcelino Komba, date and place not given]
[ Excerpts ~ T an Extraord~nary Congress of armed attacks mounted by the racist
the ruling MPLA-Workers' South African army from the illegally
Pa: ty held in L� uanda last December, occupied territory of Namibia. We
Angola's leadership took time off to have also denounced the support given
review the state of the socialist revolu- in arms, money and especially the
tion since the last congress in 1977. Of logistic support for the training of
- speceal concern was the performance armed bands in illegally occupied
of the country's economy, but as the Namibia by the South African army.
Centra! Committee of the party Of course, tlus situadon has resulted in
pointed out in an incisive and volumi- extensive material damage to our
nous report to the ~150 delegates, there republic, and has caused the death of
wasr.'t much to cheer about in that thousands af Angolans. -
respect.. Maciy economic targets have also
The degree of success that Angole been destroyed, including industrial
will achieve in this new attempt at and agricultural installations, schools,
economic and social reconstruction administrative buildin~s, and so on.
will very muct~ depend on the style of And, naturally enough, this situation
its leaderchip as well as on the degree has had some effect on our ability to
ofstability that can be attained, parti- meet some of the targets set at the
cularly in southern Angola. In the MPLA's first congress for the econa
firsrt cese, many observers insi~e mic and social reconstruction ~f our
Angola believe that I'resident Jose country.
Eduardo Dos Santos, who was con- Q� FormanyyeatsAfricahasbeena -
firmed by the Cmngress, has thedeter- pawn in the continuing gsme of
mination ta pull his country out of the guperpow~r rivalry. What haveyou ~
- presenteconomiclethargy.Butmuch toseyabouttheoeeselessattempts
will depend on thesupport he gets from ~;ng made topa rcel th~ contineM
t._~ colieagues. r+?s for stability, this j~o spheses of influence designed
may only come when Namibia is t~ee to serve the i~erests of these
as PRESIDENT JOSE EDUARDO ~We~~
DOS SANTOS told General Edi- .[n our w~w a distinction
tor MARCELINO KOMHA in the h~ to be made between the western
- f al.lowing interview � P~a'ers who aim to recolonize the con-
' tinent and regain lost ground, both
politically and economically, and the
Over recent years we have other powers who, evidently in the
consis~ently denounced opposit~ directioa, su~port peo~~te
who aze trying to mau~taui contro!
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uver ~ne~r own destmies and bene~t Lusaka meeting. On the basis of this
from ali acivantages ~nade possible by legal framework concrete ste~s have
- theirpolitical independence. Clearly, been taken towards expandmg co-
we will struggle to defend not only our operadon between the mdependent
own people and the Angolan people's couatries of southern Africa.
interests, but also the interests of the a; M~ p~~ident, one of the most
African peopl~s as a whole. And we ~m~nwa1lsofehanginggovem-
- shall always oppose the attempts of inents in Afnca over the years has
impe rialist powers to recolonize, nea ~n through military coups and
- colonize ar balkanize our continent. counter-coups. In #act there have
Q: What is Angola's attitude to- two such takeova~s rece~ly
wards the moves currently being in Guinss-Bissau and Upp6r
- made to establi~h and strengthen ya~s, Do you think this ia the cor-
foreign military bases along the r~ way of enwring Africa's.poli-
;ndian Ocean coast? ticalstsbility?Whatinyouropimon
A: We believe that the Indian Ocean would you conside~ an accep'table
should be a zone of peace. In terms of Way of eff~cting such change7
our constitution and as a non-alipned q; ~~Vell, we certainly can't prescribe
country, we condemn foreign m~htary reci~es for changing govemments in
bases m our territory. In a similar way, p~~, ~at is not our ~ob, nor would
- we also condemn the creation of foreign it be our wish. We would like to see an
military bases~ in our continent. But pfi~ ~at is stable in all senses -
here we make a clear d~stinction ~~~hql, military, economic and
between cooperation agreements
drawn up between any two countries ~a~� ~s its own nterna pr
blems,
- or group of states in order to solve pro- ~W
blems of development, organizaaon, ~d ~o je~ ~o ~d the mean~s which'
training and so on, aiid on the other each peVe ~rcumstances, they believe
hand bases set up as a result of alliances in che gi
with certain aggressive military blocks the most appropriate for resolving
in order to facil~tate their overseas those internal ~roblems. We believe
military interventions. ~hat Qrob(e~s should always be solved
a: One of tha main obs3acles to throu~h ~opular participat~on. It is the
Af~ica's rapid polit9cal and ecor.o- poPWaz masses, espec~ally those that
micdevelopment has been the lack a~e up the majonty in our African
couutries, che peasants and the
' of serious and dedicated attemP~ �~~ke~, who in :,ur v~ew ought to pl,~y
by African countries to solve their ~~~nant part in solving the pro-
eommon problems together. bk~~ ~ ~hey of a political, economic
Given this, do you think that the or cther nature, that the different
Or~ani~stion of African Unity is countries face.
domg Enough to see that the~e is ~at one can see is that in those
mesningful unity of purposs and ~~tries where political changes
action among its member states7 ~p~n, these are not necessarily in
_ Obviously, Africa as a whole ~terest of the popular masses.
includes countries w~th different social Usually it is certain social groups,
systems. As a result there cannot
alwa~+s be the same points'of view on especially some kind of elite within
tackling many of the questior,s involved that society, thati seizes power, not in
in economic and social develo~ment. order to defend the interests and aspi-
Nevertheless, within the pnnc~ples of rations of the popular masses, but
peaceful coexistence, it has been pos- often, under foreign influence, in
sible to find a framework which allows order to secure the continued domina-
~ for commercial exchanges and material tion of our peoples.
economic cooperation between dif- We think that the best way to solve
ferent states, first of all at a regional these problems is to make a revolution.
level, and subsec{uently at a conti- And that is what we are doing, carrying
nental one and I think the experience outa revo(ution thatgrowsdeeFerday
so far is encouraging. Certainly in by day, because its roots are deep in
southern Africa there is already a legal the popular masses, in the cuncerns
framework that was established at th~
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and aspirations of the peasants, the
- workers and of all the patriotic sectors
who w~sh to see ourcountry completely
free, politically and economically, and
be developed into a prosperous scciety
in which each and every one will feel
themselves to be participating in the
whole process of economic and social -
- development. �
COPYRIGHT: 1981 Africa Joui�nal L'td.
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BUkUNDI
- BRIEFS
' ALGER IAN JOINT COr1MISSION MEETING--The work. of the first meeting of the -
Algeria-Burundi Joint Commission was carried out recently in Bujumbura. It
resulted in an agreement on the development of economic, scientific and
cultural cooperation between thp two countries. 'i'he Algerian delegation was =
led by the secretary of state for foreign commerce, Mr Ali Oubouzar, who was f
received by Presider~t Bagaza. The Burundi delegation was headed by Minister.
of Education Maj Pascal Ntamashimikiro. The Alger:~an side of the co~nission
notably agreed to increase the quota of scholarships offered to Burundi for _
the year ]981-1982 and committed itself to welcoming interns from Burundi
to receive training and upgrade their skills in various fields. [Text]
[Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS in French 2 Jan 81 pp 37, 38] 9347
ROMANIAN DEPUTY MINISTER'S V1SIT-�-The Romanian deputy minister of mines,
petroleum and geology, Mr Ion Popescu, paid an official visit to Burundi in
December. The purpose of Mr Popesc~u's stay was to examine with Burundi
officials the activities of the Romania.-Burundi joint corporation -
Somiburom and the modalities of cooperation in other sectors of mining
_ operations. Somiburom, created in Se~tember 1978, began its activities in
May 1979. It is charged with establishing an inventory of mineral deposits
in Burundi and with exploiting some of them. It also supervises prospecting
for petroleum. [Text~ [Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS in French
2 Jan 81. p 38] 9347
FARM MACHINERY FROM DPRK--The ambassador from the Demuc~atic Republic of Korea
to iiurundi, Mr Sin Dyong-chol, recently handed over to the Burundi minister
of agriculture, Mr Etienne Baradandikanya, a consignment of Korean farm
- machinery, a gift from President Kim I1-song to the Government of Burundi.
[Text] [Paris MARCEIES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS in French 2 Jan 81 p 38]
_ 9347
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CAPE ~'ERDE _
BRIEFS -
EEC ELECTRICITY ASSISTANCE--According to a.Z agreement signed on 13 January by the
_ Commi.ttee of t;he EDC, the EEC will finance the increase in the power output of the
ele ctric power plant at Praia, Cape Verde; a subsidy o� 35C,000 ECU will be granted
out of the fourth EDF. Praia, located on the Island of Santiago and turned into
the country's capi~al at tlie time of indeppndence, is an area of major popuZation
growrh and heavy urban expansion is envisaged here parallel to the development of
~ th e port and the hotel accommodation capacity as well as the creation o; some in-
dus tries. The government has der;ided to extend the electric power distribution
network here but this requires boosting the power plant, which is the purpose of
this project. The EDF funds will permit the s~pply and installation of a 730-kva
ele ctric power generating group, a transformer, and related equipment items, as
well as work connected with the enlargement and improvement of ventilation at the
transformer station. This work will ~e done under goverr.menc supervision while
- the supply and installation of material and equipment will be covered by di.rect
supp ly contracts. [Text] [Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS in French 23
Jan 81 p 191J 5058
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- COMORO ISLANDS
BRIEFS
FRENCHMAN'S VISIT--Martin Kirsch, counselor at the Presidency of the French Repub-
lic for African and Malagasy affairs made a private visit to the Comoro Islands
from 22 to 25 December 1980. He proceeded tio the An~ouan and Moheli islands. and
~ourneyed on to visit some of the regions of the Grande-Comore. During his stay _
Martin Kirsch was received in audience by President Ahmed Abdallah, who gave a din-
nex in his honor and decorated him with the Order of the Comoran Green Crescent
and the rank of "grand officer." Martin Kirsch continued on his 3ourney to visit
Reunion and Madagascar. [T~xt] [Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS in
Frznch 16 Jan 81 p 150] 7993
ECONOMY IN 1980--1980 has ended. If it had not been for the worrisome ecor.omic
situation resulting from the slump in the sale of oil of ylang-ylang and the pres-
sure which the western importers are seeking to exert on the price of vanilla, a ~
very vital product for the state and the rural population, this year would have
been a very good year. Clove production amounted to about 1,250 tons, and its price
held its own. Domestic peace, serenity in the cities and villages, good puvlic
health an the whole and good feelings with the neighboring states reigned over the
- social climate all year long. Diluvian rains in May and November, of course caused

- some damag~ in the substructures, but the country did not lack anything. In
Comoro the last weeks in 1980 were marked by the technical toura of Ahmed Abdallah,
president of the Republic, in the regions of An~ouan and Moheli stricken last
29 and 30 November by rain and floods, and in Grande-Comore by visits to the highway
yards in the Oichili and Dimari regions where the main circum-insular road net-
work is being built by the Colas group, a French company, with Saudi financing.
During these visits the chief of state conversed with the people on the subject of
- their present problems especially concerning bridges and foot-bridges, schaols,
water conveyance, playing fields, etc. [Text] [Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITER-
RANEENS 16 Jan 81 p 150] 7993
NATION'S BUDGET--On 31 December 1980 the Federal Assem~ly voted the 1981 budget _
for the Federal Islamic Repurlic of the Comoro Islands. This budget is eatablished -
in revenue and expenditures in an amount of 3,180 millinn Comorian francs, an in-
" crease of 364 million (+12.9 percent) over the 1980 budget, only for operational -
~ expenditures. In addition, the budgeL' for equipment is established in an amount of
950 million Comorian fra.ncs fa~ 1981 [Text] [Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRA-
NEENS in French 9 Jan 81 p 150] 7993
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CONGO
PRESIDENT SEEMS TO BE LIVING iJP TO PEOPLE~S EXPECTATIONS
Paris JEIINE AFRIQU~ in French 31 Dec 80 p 227
[A~ticle by Sophie Bessis: "The Mood of a Lucid Public~~]
[Text] Enormou:~ and arrogant buildings stand massed on the other side of the
- river; in the evening, the lights are lit and the illumination culminates on
_ Mount N'Galiema, where Pre3ident Mobutu .res3des. There is nothing comparable on
the Congolese side of the river. Brazzaville, the former capital of the AEF
- [French Equatorial Africa], continues to mainta3n the pace of a proviacial town
which is slowly growing, without upsetting its habits very much. Even in the
center of town, low lying houses, separated by immense green spaces, dominate the
= scene.
From each side of that administrative district, where the remnants of colonial
architecture recall the torments of the past, stretch out the two lungs of the
downtown section: the suburbs of Poto Poto and Bakongo, the real cap3.tals for
leisure, music...and politics. A paradox? Hardly. One of the favorite le3sure
activities of the Congolese is, after all, talking politics. Among th3.s
~ population, which is almost lOG' nercent literate, and in which each individual
thinks he has the soul of an intellec.tual, having seen many presidents come and
go, and having gained from that experience a solid pragmatism in the face of
difficulties, the art oE discussion, of analysis, of commentary, has reat.hed a
high degree of perfection. -
1 The nature of the regimes which have followed one another since the fall of Abbe '
Fulbert Youlou in 1963 ("The running dog of imperialism," according to official
terminology), has reinforced this natural tendency: we know the importance
accorded by Marxi~t~Leninism, and the parries which espouse it, to words and
speeches, arms which are as important as action; all the governmental teams have
tried their hardest on tliis score in the area of revolutionary rizetoric. Well
remembered here are the marathon speeches of Massemba Debat or of Ngouabi, praising
the virtues of scientific socialism in order to prepare the shining future of
the Congolese proletariat.
In spite of the large official slogans painted on the walls of the capital, the '
town real]y remains skeptical, since the changes have been long in coming~ While
awaiting better days, in the evening, over numerous beers, they d3.scuss the
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changes in the team in power, the chances of this man or that one, the "fall" of
another, etc. And most of all, they laugh at everything. "Live in austerity
today in order to live better tomorrow," proclaims a poster in giant letters. The
- residents of Brazzaville say jokinglyt "Live in austerity in Poto Poto in order
- to live better in M'Pila."
It is ix~ that fortunate suburb that have been constructed the residences of most
of the members of the CMP, the Military Committee of th~lgarty, nicknamed "the -
basin rises to power" by the peaple of the Pool region. ~
Right in the center of town, in front of a portrait of Che Guevara, imposing
matrons get out of a minibus marked with the initials of the Rev~oluti~~nary Union
- of Congolese Women. "Here are our broad popular masses," snickers a bystander.
All events from the most serious to the most ordinary, are passed through the
sieve of a healthy derision.
. lloes that mean that the Congolese does not take anything seriously and is
uninterested in Che affairs of the country? Not at all. He ~udges his leaders
by their actions. Thus, the enthusiasm and the "nice guy" side of Marien Ngouabi
acquired for him undeniable popularity, even if people did not hesitate to find
fault with the economic mess into which he had thrown the country. Colonel Yombi
Opango was on the other hand feared and often despised by those who reproached
- him for his love of power...and material wealth.
As for President Sassou Nguesso, he has not yet finished his probationary per~.od
before public opinion. For the moment, his realism and his desire to revive
the economy please the Congolese, who are tired of more than 10 years of
revolutionary uncertainty. B~~ progressively repudiating certain political and
economic choices made by his predecessors, by beginn3ng a discreet rapprochement
with the West, the present chief of state seems to be responding to the
- expectations of a good many of his compatri~ts.
But a word of caution. No one is safe from jeers. The one they called "penniless
and without funds" when he arrived in power knows that he will be j udged in the
bars. That is part of life and the Congolese like life more than anything.
COPYRIGHT: Jeune Afrique. GRUPJIA 1980.
8956
CSO: 4400
(1) The southern, richer and more populated part of the country has not always
looked favorably upon a takeover by the military, who came from the Congo
basin, which is poor and isolated, in the northern part of the country.
19
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONL~
APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02/08: CIA-RDP82-00850R000300090008-1

APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 2007/02148: CIA-RDP82-44850R000300094408-1
FOR OFFICrAL USE ONLY
_ ETHIOPIA
BRIEFS
U5SR SCHOLARSHIPS--At tt~e end of December, the USSR granted scholarships
- to 40U Et}iiopjans for ttte 1981-1982 school year, The students will be
trained in var~ous scientific fields in So~viet institutions. [Text]
[Paris MARCHES TRUPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS in French 2 Jun 81 p 38] 6445
SCIENTIFIC COOPERATION WITH USSR--At the end of December, the USSR and
- Ethiopia signed scientific cooperation agreements in the areas of energy, -
water resources, meteorology and agriculture. [Text] [Paris MARCHES -
TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS in French 2 Jan 81 p 38] 6445
DELEGATE TO CUBAN CONGRESS--Last December Legesse-Asfaw, a member of the
= Ethiopian Derg, visited Cuba where he represented his country at the -
Second Congress oE the Cuban Cutmnunist Party. He was greeted by
President Fidel Castro and oth er officials with whom bila~eral cooperation
problems were discussed. [Text] [Paris MARCHES TROPICAUX ET MEDITERRANEENS ~
in French 2 Jan 81 p 38] 6445
FAO FOOD t1ID--The UN/FAO (PAM) World Food Program is planning to provide
10,000 tens of wheat to Ethiop ia in order to help the countxy overcome
sh~rtages resulting from drought. The wheat is intended to fee3 278,000
people for 3 months. The emergency aid progra~ne, approved last December
by Mr I:douard Saouama, }iead of the FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization}, -
will cost $2.7 million incl.uding transportation. The current total of the
PAhl