HEROINE: LES POURVOYEURS

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP80-01601R000400280001-0
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 92
• Document Creation Date: November 17, 2016
• Document Release Date: August 7, 2000
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: December 3, 1972
• Content Type: NSPR

PARIS, LE NOUVEL OBSERVATELTi=t
~nnn~n27 Nov - 3 Dec 1.972
se.~' ~. `8/16 :CIA-RDP8O-O16O1fZO
?
STATINTL
IVV.ficl~el K. Lana~erti et Crztheri~le L.Q192016Y ont fait le tour
remor~ter torrtes les filiere.r Safi me~zejat ~z~~x vrais p~trojts de
e Si Woos ne venons pas it bout de
ce fleau, c'est kei qui viendra a
bout de Worts a, s'exclamait, .le
17 join 1971, ]e .president Nixon deviant
des dizaines de millions de telespectateurs.
Les Etats-Unix ont, en effet, ]e triste pri-
vilcge de cornpter le plus grand Hombre
d'heroinomanes du monde .plus d'un
demi-million actuellement, dons trois cent
millc? pour la seine vine de New Yorl:.
Plus do 50 r/o des crimes pcrpetres dans
les grandes vines soot directement lies a la
drogue on toe. pour se procurer 1'argcnt
necessaire' a 1'achat dune dose' d'hcroine.
Le phenomcne nest pas seulement ameri-
cain :taus les pays europeens voient croitre
a one vitesse vertigineuse le Hombre do
tours heroinomancs. En 1~rancc, au la pe-
netration de la drogue n'a etc sensible qu'ii
'partir de 1965, on en compte deja vingt
mine. Et ]c ministere de la Sante estimc
que le pays pourrait compter cent mine
heroinomancs en 1976.
La drogue nest plus un simple pro-
bleme de police. Partant du principe evi-
dent, expose dernieremcnt a un journalistc
americain de c U.S. News and World
Report a par l'ancicn dircctcur des Doua-
nes americaines, Myles J. Ambrose, et selon
lequel a on ne petit pas devenir tocico-
maue si 1'on ne trouve pHs de stupe-
frattts y, Washington a decide de remon-
-fer a la source, c'est-a-dire it la produc-
tion' meme, de 1'opium, dons 1'heroine est
un derive,
Cooper la source d'approvisionncment
des trafiquants, c'est intervenir dans les
affaires des pays producteurs de poli-
ciere, la lutte contre la toxicomanie est
devenue politique. Se. posant one fois de
plus en _< gendarmes du monde D vrais,
.cette $ois, pour one cause dont personne
ne songc a discutcr le bien-fonde, les Etats-
Unis se soot lances dans one c'roisade que
d'aucuns jugent d'avancc vouce a I'cchec.
On produit, cti cffet, chaque annec, dans
Ie monde, assez d'opium pour approvision-
ncr Ies cinq cent mine heroinomancs. ame-
ricains pendant cinquante ans dcux a
trois mine tonnes, drnit la moitic scule-
ment cst destinee a 1'industrie pharmaceu-
tique. Le reste passe stir le marche entre
les mains des trafiquants qui approvision-
nent lcs fumcurs d'opiurn ct les heroino-
man~s.
Lcs trafiquants pcuvcnt se fournir ii dcux
sources differentes
~ 1) Les pays dans~lesqueis la culture du
gavot est lcgale et controlee par 1'>;tat,
mais oil one panic de la recolte echappe
aux autorites ad~ninistrativcs.
A 2) Les pays dans lesyucls la culture
du gavot est en principe intcrditc, mai9
qui n'ont pas ics moycns materiels et poli-
tiques - ~ou le desir - de faire respecter
cette loi.
La Turquie, troisicme productcur mon-
dial, cntrait dans la premiere categoric.
Jusqu'ii ce quo ]e gouverncmcnt d'Ankara
decide de proscrirc la ,culture du gavot
sur tout le territoire lure a partir de 1972,
25 `,?o do la production d'opium etait de-
tournee vets lc marche clandcsfin, alors
qu'clle aurait du,'en principe, titre enticre-
ment achetee par 1'Etat. Cc pays nest pas?
le soul ii connaitre pared problcmc, one
enquete effectuee par le service strategi-
que des renscignements du Bureau des Nar-
cotiques americain (B.N.D.D.) donnait,
pour 1971, lcs chiffres suivants.:
Production Production
(1) ecculee ecoulee
sur sur
le marche le marche
licito clandestin
Turquie
.....
150 35 a 50
Inde .......... 1
200 ~ 250 -
Pakistan
..... ,
6 175-200
Iran
........
150. Z
U.R.S.S.
. ......
115 ?
Republique popu-
laire de Chine
100 ~
Yougoslavie ....
0,83 t,7
lapon .. ..
5
Triangle d'.or
(Thailande - 6ir-
manie - Laos)
750
Afghanistan .... ..100-150
Mexigue ....: 5-15
(1) En tonnes..
Contraii?ement a ce que 1'on pourrait
penscr, ]es ~ fuites > nc -soot pas propor-
tionnelles a !'importance de la production
licite ni a cello des supcrficies cultivees
'du rn~nde
la drogrte
en gavot. Elles dependent du plus of
moins grand sous-developpement adminis
tratif du pays concerne et de la capacit
des autorites locales ii exercer un control
effectif sur les paysans;.au moment de
Yecoltcs.
Pourtant, meme des controles rigou
reux nc suffisent pas a cviter lcs deWut
nements, compte tetiu de la difference d:
prix pratiques sur le marche officjcl et sty.
le marche clandestin. L'exemple de 1'1r.:
le groove, ou, en depit d'un systcme
controle gouvernementai cite en exempt
par toutes les instances internationates, l~
fuites s'elevent z 18. 4"o de la productio
totale. La Yougoslavie laisserait echappt
pros de 70 % de sa production. Lc-Palo:
tan, enfin, qui nroduit 1e;alement six tot
nos d'opittm, contribuerait pour Arcs c
dcux cents tonnes a t'approvisionnett~ct
des trafiquants.
~ti~.? ~b6~Z96J"~ ~~ ei~71'~Ekdr:~
Dans one deuxieme cate~orie de pay
.la production de 1'opium cst illc~ale.
n'esiste evidemment aucun or~anisn
d'Etat ehar~e de contr~ler one productio
qui, en principe, n'existe pas. clandestin
la recolte d'opium est entierement ecoul~
sur le marche paralle1e..Selon le B.N.D.L
ces pays contribueraient pour bolt cent ci
quante a mine tonnes a 1'approvisionn
ment du traffic.
D'autres regions, sur lesquelles on
posscde absolument aucunc informatic
prodtiisent de I'opium eri quantitc apps
ciable : le Nepal et, probablement, la Sys
et le Kurdistan irakien. Ori si;nale au.
I'apparition de champs de gavots en An'
rique du Sud. Contrairement a ce que 1'
a soavent affirme, la culture du gavot
requiert pas de conditions geographigt
ou climatiques exceptionnelles. Elle reclar
. seulement one ?'nain-d'cYUVre abondantc
bon marche car ]a recolte demande bey
coup de solos et do minutie.
Nombre de pays qui ne soot pas c
producteurs traditionnels d'opium p~}~
talent, s'ils le voulaient, se mettre a cutti~
du gavot.. C'est Ic cas tool recent du
pon. La production d'opium a, de ce ~:
tendance a croitre en fonction de la a
mande et pourrait encore augmentcr cot
derablement. Des indices nombreux tn+
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STAT.I NTL
STATINTL
caritinLr ed
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 Approved For Release 2000/08/16 :CIA-RDP80-01601
7 SEP 1972
~iti~h-G'hine~e ~t .hinted
' By Reuter
Hong Kong
Britain and China have apparently shelved
ideological differences in a common effort to
crack down on espionage networks based
here.
Diplomatic sources charge there. is an
unspoken agreement between both sides to
keep a tight leash on clandestine activities
directed against China.
Government. officials in Hong Kong, a
Britisl} Crown .colony on Chi'na's southern
coastline, refuse to acknowledge that such an
agreement exists - or even'to discuss the
.matter, for '"operational and security rea-
sons."
But diplomatic circles generally believe
British authorities keep a watchful eye open
'particularly for Kuomintang (Nationalist
? Chinese) and Soviet-organized spy rings.
Scheme hlown open
Ariti-espionage activities were dramatical-
ly highlighted July 23 when a Soviet scheme
to recruit local spies was blown open with the
.arrest of t~vo Russian seamen from a Soviet
cruise ship and two Chinese businessmen.
Newsmen learned of the arrests only
recently.
Reliable sources said the police special
branch that deals with espionage found in the
trouser pocket of one of the Soviet agents a
.Kremlin plan to recruit spies throughout the
Far East. ~ '
The two Russians were released with a
warning and ordered to leave the colony. One
of the Chinese businessmen is still under
detention. ?
Cooperation between the British and Chi-' .
nese is said to run in an oblique fashion.
Tips received
Police officers receive occasional tips.on
the existence of suspected Nationalist Chi-
, nese spy cells and crack down on them. The
Communists in turn are careful not to upset
Hong Kong's moneymaking activities ' -
China's main source of foreign revenue,
The British Government, in an attempt to
prevent the spread, of espionage activities,
has resisted Soviet and East European
efforts to set up diplomatic missions'in Hong
Kong.
Hong Kong'~S freewheeling commercial
bustle, cosmopolitan atmosphere, and boom-
ing tourist industry make it an attractive
recruiting base for agents and a meeting
ground for tentative approaches. '
Largest network
The United States has by far the largest
overt intelligence-gathering network in the
colony. Some diplomatic sources say the
'_ central Intelligence Agency (CIA) also main-
' tams one of its .largest bases in Southeast
Asia in Hang Kong.
The British and Australians are alleged to
eavesdrop on Chinese military broadcasts
with highly sensitive monitoring equipment.
?" just to keep in the picture." .
' Diplomatic.' sources say. China and the
Nationalist Chinese maintain the largest
covert spy systems in Hong Kong.
Both the Communist and- Nationalist Chi?
nese are alleged to use .the banks they
maintain here to finance espionage oper-
ations.
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 STATINTL
Approved For Release 2>~0'/?S~I~:~-RDP80-01601 R
Septe~r~`: ~:r 1g72
L'e4 yk. L;...w5 ~.: 4~~..>~ ~a._y 6, - .~1...:.._A e.,.. _y ~. ...ft ~ Cs e...o a: -
TI-3t C7LG ~~JC:~RLL~ l~~Al~t TWU C-~:G bounceo ~ F3ut he man~?r^~d to drop dawn ~~rtt?
~~`~" -;: and.yat~e:d in ttie violent turbulencE; as :~ contour fly the vali~y fiaars, bela~~v the
~its;t~4rin cnc~in~s strained to maintain 1G0 : Re~~ radar, at~d just a,~Yur da~~rn-they .
~:~`~:: !:riots: Its /~rt~z~~ricarz pilot gri}}Ued the landed back at their base..1'!1ey c!ir~~zlaed.
- ;:controls ~a~ith every aurzce of strength he ~ -:- from the plane; their cdr~3y uraifarrns
'; Lhasa,~lorzc occupied by the forces:.- =" -e ~.r 37mt>1:holcs irithe left ~~~ny {aaneis.
sir tivay east of the ~fil7etan capital of -. _. :.:onfy other identifying marks tiw~ere th?: fresh
-'asic-~
ally we are .ir;5~ing to anticipate lehat
the narcotics operators arc. goins; to do
to exploit Southeast Asian suppies. .
Luc -have agents out. ~Ve have some
 2 Jl1~ 197/2'-~/~,~~p
..Appro_ued, Fc~::,R.ar~a~te~?2A~~A~/e'~f 1?Ot1i~r11r4rR?Bl/,r~
R~~OY~ ~Q ~~~~ 1~E'~S than Administration officials said, is monitored by United
a it is Slates intelligence agencies.
~
~T .
y
1~t~ ~~p~ (p~ ~~~'j}'j~ Critics' Charges Backed Thai-U.S. Agreements Cited
Two leading critics of what Mr. Gross, the State Depart-
- ~$jQjT ~Yjj~ ~YjP~~jC they allege to be the Govern- meat's adviser on international
meat's laxiless in stopping the narcotics, said in his Congres-
_ flow of narcotics are Represent- sional testimony that "during
'. 'By SI:YMOUR M. HERSR ative Robert H: Steele, P.epub- the past year the Thais have
' ~ Special toTHchewYorr:Tlmcs ~ ]scan of Comlecticut, and Alfred increased their efforts in the
W. McCoy, a ?6-year-old 1'al, drug field with United States
'; WASIiINGTON, July 23-A graduate student who has writ- and United Nations assistance."
Cabinet-level report has con-~ ten a book on narcotics in lie cited two agreements,
eluded that, contrary to the Southeast Asia. The New Xork signed in late 1971, calling for
Nixon Administration's public Times reported Saturday that more cooperation and more
tions con- long-range planning between
ll
'
ega
s a
~~ Mr. McCay
optimism, there is no pros- Thai and United States officials
.pest" of stemming the smug- corning the C.LA. and the drug
to stain out the trade.
. traffic had. been the subject of P
.sling of -narrnl~iec by air and - _._._.-_.. ,..,.a ,.,,,,~?olly nnh. - "}3asC(1 all all ]ntClltgCalcO In-
!Assistance Act, now pending.
During a Congressional hear-
ing into drug traffic last nlonilr,
'Representative Wolff disputed
the Administration's contention
that it was making "real prog-
ress" in stemming the narcotics
flow and said, "we think the
trade has got so much protec-
tion in high places in `T'hailand
that the Administration is
afraid they'll tell us to take our
air bases out if ,we put too
much pressure on them." '
SCa all bUUllll;iil~ NJIa. ul,ucl a1C reDUU~tI uy lr,c; ~,~,~'...~? ~ tC5t1f1Cd, "t11C leaders of the
any conditions that can realisti? The Cabinet-level report,' Thai. Government arc not en-
~cally be projected." made available to The Times,
` "This is. so;' the report, buttressed many of the charges tlaffic lnorllare the extend ng
? made by the tW0 critics, par- Y ,~
dateri Feb? 21, 1977., said, be- titularly about the pivotal im- protection to traffic}tors." He
cause- the governments in the portance of Thailand to the in- added that the tap police of-,
' region are unabte and, in some ternational drug smugglers. ficial in 'Thailand had publicly
d is also a major Air stated that he would punish
il
h
'
an
a
T
.cases, unwilling to do those
things that would have to be Force staging area for the Unit- lany corrupt of[icael rc ort, sub-
cd States. The cabinet-]ev p
done Uy them if a truly af- In a retort on the world ,milted to the Cabinet Commit-
. fective .effort ?were to lie )leroin problem last ,year, Mr? Itec on International Narcotics
_.__~_u .-.__,_ ......,t., i-hot "frron the ~COlltrol, asked "highest prior-
l~ficials of the Central Intelli- is as lmponan>; lv lna wuLly, that each trawler "would rep- T The F:ewYerk7imes
'gence Agency, the, State De- , ?f the illegal international resent something like G ter Nelson G. Gross asserted
traffic in narcotics as Tur}coy. 1.
partrnent .and the Defense De- While all of the opium pro- cent of annual United States that there has been proU
Southeast Asia is not consumption of heroin." ress against smuggling.
d i
h
t d
"
n
e mos
ote
t
par?tment, noted that
rows in `Thailand, most of it The report said that the
'basic problem, and the one that g" trawler traffic should }lave pri-
unfortunately appears least is smuggled through. that cowl- ority because "it is possible to
try."
likely of any early solution, is Mr. Steele's report, tiled with attack the Thai trawler traffic
the' corruptioai, collusion and the Douse Committee on For- without welting the coopet?a-
indiffea?ence at some places i.^. ci n Affairs, noted that many lion oP 'Thai authorities anti
g running the attendant risks of
some governments, paaaicularly American citizens had estab- leaks tip-offs and betrayals."
Thailand and ? South Vietnam,i lisped residence in Bangkok, Aficr such a seizure, the re-
? th~lt precludes' more effective and had. moved 'auto the nar- ! ort said, the United States!
cotics trade. 'fhe report added P
'supression of Craffic by they that the inability of the United Embassy in Ban ~lcolc cauld "re-
~~i?,rvnents on whose territory States to have a few notorious ,Peat `vrth still greatrr force'
-r~:~~ ~::~'' I snnr milers de.lorted had led 'and insistence the representa-;
The report sharply- contra- someb intelligence officials to bans it has already often madei
~i`~'^a:.3 tna cfficiat Administra- conclude that the men were pay- to the Government of 1?hai-I
land" for more eftective cfforts~
tion position anal Gavermnent ing 'Thai officials for protec_
intelligence sources say its tion. 'to interdict traffic from the
canclusipns are still valid today., Mr. McCoy said in testimony north of Thailand to Bantikolc
In May, Secretary of State Wii-' before Congressional commit.- and also the loading of nar-
cotics on ships in Thai har-
1iam. P. Rogers told a Senate ices last month That hundreds hors."
subconunittec that "we think all of tons of Burmese opium At another point in the re-
ihe countries are cooperating passed through Thailand every port, a general complaint was
with us and we are quite satsi- year to iilt.ernational markets voiced. "It should surely be
Vied with that cooperation." in Europe and the United States possible to convey to the right
'Similarly; Nelson G. Gross, and that SO to 90 per cent of Thai or Vietnamese officials
' Senior Adviser tto the Secretary the opium was carried by Chi- the mood of the Congress arld
oP State aald Coordinator for nose Nationalist paramilitary he Administration ou the sub-
lni:ernational Narcotics Matters, teams that were at one time. ject of drugs," the report said.
testified before Congress in paid by the C.LA? "No real progress can be made
Juna on the subject of narcotics There arc a number of opium on the problem of illicit traffic
smuggling that "the govern- refineries along the northern until and unless the local gov-
ments of Thailand, Laos and Thai border, he said, and much ernments concerned hake it a
Vietnam have already joined us 'of the processed high-quality matter of highest priority
"
.
in the fight arid, while we have }leroin is shipped by trawlcr'to Representatives Steele, Les-'
'
a long way to go, we feel
that Bong Kong. ter L. Wolff, llcnlocrat of Ivxas-
during the past year some real "Even though they are beau- sau County, and Morgan F.
progress has been achieved." sly involved in the narcotics Murphy, Democrat of Illinois,
~~ All officials concerned with traffic," Mr. McCoy testified, slave sponsored legislation that
the drug problem ackllotivledgcl' 'these Nationalist.Clrinese ir-,would cut off more than $1.00-
dhat the United States agencies, regulars units are closely allied million in foreign aid Lo Thai-
- Yresldentlrlx n, nave deg~l~~ar1
intensive eff~OM@@ 1'n(
,ternational narcotics traffic.
rSi~t~r~'~~'~'' ~ ~t'~'I~'~?r~~1~ll~o'
harder area and collect; an "inl-,cleared the Hn;lse Foreign Af-
port: duty" , of about 52.50 a I fairs Conlmittce on June 21
Unlled Fress International
Robert Ii. Steele charged
the Government is lax in
haltin; flow of drags.
STATINTL
 TFitfi Y?tt-G~ ZSItE
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AND FRANi< FASO
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.~~~ ~ + r ~ tf 1~ i~ ~l -
~s~ ~~~I ~t~.~E ,[~~~~:_1~~:~LL~
A!I major political bodies spy on
each other, no doubt, but Red
China's activity its the United
States-intelligence-gathering,
smuggling. and assassinations-
has been the best-kept secret.
Up to now "
AT C:30 ON [hc warm Sunday evening
of Sep ember 20, 1970, the feature
film ended in the Sun Sins Thcatcr in
Ncw Yorl: City's busthns Chinatown.
The boost lights went on and about
150 men, women and children filed
out of the small, boalil.e movie house.
Among them were Jerry Ginn and
Larry Wong, both 35 and members of
the I"Iong Kong Seaman's Union
(IIKSU). They were tailed by Rich-
ard Wo (not his real name), an 1~BI
anent investigating a Red Chinese spy
ring that was pouring agents, aliens
and narcotics into the United States.
Outside the [heater, Ginn and Wong
turned west on )vast I3roadway and
started towards Chatham Square, the
crossroads of Chinatown. 'The settins
sun was in their eyes and [hey prolr
ably never noticed the neatly dressed
little man approaching them. ,
He was five-foot.-two, 140 pounds,
with a hatchet face, eyes like black
almonds and Bushy blac}: hair combed
straight hat}t from a "high, bony fore-
hcad.~IIc walkcci up to"Ginn and ?'ons,
now aliout SO yards from the theater
and' without a word fired four slurs at
the' seamen. The shots were td most
drowned out by the roar of a subway
train on the overhead Bridge.
7t lyappcncd so quickly that even the
PI3I man was caught by surprise. In-
stinctivcly, he reached for his revolver,
~I'nul A4eskil mu1 Frank halo are irr-
vestigntit~e reporters Jor !!:e New York
Daily Ncws.
therfrealized he could not interfere:
the case he was working on was too
important to lose his cover by n,ak-
ins an an?est.
Thrcc slurs hit Ginn in the chest;
he was dead when he hit the pave-
ment. The fourth bullet shattered
\Vong's jaw, but he survived. ?rien
the seamen fell, the little man }iol-
sterai his;gun and walked away.
Followed at a discreet distance by
the Fl3I anent and several other wit-
nesses, he soon paused outside a near-
by ttvo-story Buildins which is the
headquarters of a militant Chinese or-
sanization. There some 30 }?oung men
and women were attending some sort
of meeting on the ground floor when
the gunman opened the front door r:nd
shouted inside in Cantonese.
As if waiting foi? his signal, about a
dozen }'oulhs rushed out and formed
a human wall Betn'een the killer and
his pursuers. Surrounded by the num-
BCI'S, the little man continued down
the street, turned and vanished from
view. "Three hours later he entered the
bus terminal in midtos~'n I~fanhattau
and caught the 9:45 p.m. Greyhound
to ~fontrcal.
Carrying a small black bag contain-
ing clothes and other personal cficcts,
plus a U.S. passport idcntif}?ing him
as John Lec, an American citizen and
Businessman living in Newark, New
Jersey, he crossed into Canada without
incident and arrived in itfontrcal at
dawn, unaware that his presence there
[Cartinnerl]
Pckir:~ ngerrt Terry Cinrr dot greedy: Iris Dosses elimirrnted hinr on n Nets York ,str?cct.
.,,..59YYR i\~f?"mF t~ .."~`Q rY2sY9' ir`(^:.i. S .~I.:X"-?'A1"'K. i,7r^'~r...~c!f= vts' ?"Y"'. ,^xS - y :a.e .~ ~ a _~~
' --.r
" ... ,.e .. ... ." ..... .. .~ .. ..
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 Approved For _Rele~
Y~'~~C~1~~~-~~160~~~~~00280001-0
.3u].~ 1972
STATINTL
r~`11C', ~SC; C>f? +,i~01'CC ill ~.~ GI'CI~;?I1 .~}O~1C'.~T JJy the
~'co~~le's j~.~.~>ul~lic oi' ` Mina
I3y Aiz.l,:~* S. A~r11rx1~;~c
t'~135'1'P:1C'1': PI'CS1CiP,llt Tan's r(JUlll'11C}r f01" pedCC" tU PClal)7
? ~
has implicitly nlodil~led the inlat;e of tz Chinese C.omn~unlst ~af;-
~ressive threat delineated. by all prcviouti dCh111111St1'ittlUl)S.
Ho~~?c:ver, it has not. ca}Tacitly redei'med the aelministration's
a~su]))ptions 'on tl:e Chinese use of force. '.phis has 1ef t. consid-
erahle confusion a.)d unease among; 1lsian and ~'~nierican audi-
ences ~vho accept tl~e concept of massive C1)inese military force
~bein};?cleierl:ed f]'om al,;;re;sion })rim:trily by 1lmerican secul:ity
commitniei)ts, bases,'and farce postures cstenclinf; frol)~ Korea
and Japan to India. 'li:e?-nine in,t~u)ces ~~?hercin the People's
Libcraiion .~r11:y (PL.'',.) has cro>ccl customary l~arclers in has-
file array during; the.past ttvent}'-t.~?,'o }'Cdr; p]"oVlde'1)rllna facie
evidence for ti:e co1)vcnt.ional in,a~;e. of a potentially cspansion-
ist rc:,;ime contained ley .~merican commit])~cnts ~ nd .force.
Z~~.O1~rCVC1', C10tiC.P C~a1T11na11011 O1 t11G L1SC O1 1])lllta]'}r farce Uy
the People's l:cpul)lic reveals an eniircly difl:erent situatian
1t`l)erel)y.tl.e aVCI'11i:1C17t 111 Pelilll~, ]11 111U7t CaSCS) dCl)iOyCCI the
. PL.?1. in defensive reactipn .against. a perceived threat. The
Chines(: Ilse o,` force primarily for defensive deterrence has i;e-.
main;.d remarl,~ bl}~ co.nsistc;)t over t:~~,-ent.y-one y~:ars, ancl? coli-
? siderahle ccntinuity may be al~ticipatcd for at least tl)e nest
' 11VC'?' yC1r~.
allma S. IYlritirrg, 1'It..r~., :Irnr :lrbnr, 3liclri,arr, lres Ueelr. Prn/essor of 1'c%liticul Science
nt tlrc Uui~~er?.city o/ .'.Iicl.~igcne since 7JGS. Ile ~~rc~inusl}' tau;lrt nt .llichi;urr State,
195.1-S7, arul .\~nrlir.~cstdrx, 1917-,i,i. Ile teas a. shr!1 rr:cn:bcr of the Rcnnl Coa?porati.orc
frt. ilrc Social Sckucc D;risinu, 19.>"7-G1; Directoa?, Dili.ca of Research urtd :luc;lysis jor
the l~rrr Lost, ILS. J~cpartr)reut of State, 79G7-GG; and D~:pnty 1'riucipol U/licer, :1 mcri.cau
Coarsirlatc Gcrrcral, Ilorr .'~mr, 19GG-GS. Ld:rcutcd crt Coi?ucll nud Colrnrrbid uui~~ersities
nrrd tkr? recihicrrt of .ce~:orrl jello;aslrips, Ire is tke author of Soviet .Policies ill Chin
191-2~t arnl coauthor of Ayn:ua:cs of International Relations; Si;;ninr.~: Pa\1?n or
Pivot?; curl China C:osscs tnc ~'alu. -
CCOI:T)I\TG to a Ga11u1) 1)011, nl
,f .j,Srl)tembcr 1.971 more tL:lu J,:tli the
' . llmcriru] pul)lic S;1\C C))ina as the. p;rcat-
I est threat. to \\'orld j)cacc in the nc~a ic\\'
}~cars.l \othin~; ha.; eventuated iro:u
President \ixu:i's sell-st}?}ed "iourncy
~. for 1~cace" to Pcl;int to cllangc this 1~cr-
ccption, nor has the acliniuisu-atio:I ?,ivcn
a,n}' J}'Jtt'mllt]C aSSll'ia11CCS 't0 ll]C' ca:]-
lrCiP}~. II]JiCaCI 11iC I~C1118~0:1 COnt:n:'.cLi
to dcmalul nc\v, con]1]lcs, and costl}?
I\?capuns systems for the \~"cst 1'.]ciiic,
ostrrr~il)ly to deter 1x)Lcnti;d Chinese
It~,;;ression. :lchniral '1'l~unl::; II.
lloorcr, ChairJnal] ci the joint CI)ic+~ C,i
5{all, A1'arl]S l1'C ]1lU~t 1)rCj)arC l0 n`.;?Il
Ll\'U 11UC1Cat' 11'~lI'S Ill O::CC, 1;'1117 l)]i' ~?a-
? vict L;nion and n~ith Chin;1.= Uu:.!si:u]
allies from Korea to 'I~haila;]d vsorr?
aloud about? the crcciilii}it~? ui :1nu?riccl's
detcrrcncc in the Iiftca~m;lth of stal(?m;it~
and I\'ithdrrn?al from 1rii~tncun, a;[;:iJ]st a
risinh I\'carincs o? n]ilitary lnn"di?:; in
;1 ia, )ilanifc~tcd b}? con,;rcio)].11 1>rc~.-
$IIrCS :aC C111S )1]- 1]]Pub.a'}' aSS1~t::11CC.
. .1u]cricali and Asiai] ; n~ic?t~? ov~?r the
fuiin?e tlse of force by the I'eonle's Rc~-
pal_)lic is roatecl in rc?crnt histor}'. C):I
11111C OCCa~I011> )Il t}'. L' 1)351 t\';C:il`.'-t :FU
}'C;II'~, tl]C PCaj)1C'S Ld)Crat10'.1 r~I'nl~'
(I'L:1) has proj: cted?China's n]ilitl:r}?
. po\vcr across its 1)ord,rs.3 Iu I:o.ea
? (1930) and Iudia (1962) 11]aior \\?ar re-
? sulicd, In Laos (196-?) and 1'icu]an]
(J.96~) I'L:1 dcl;loyl]]cnts ri;hed Sino-
i~InCl'1Ca11 Ca:)1~:Ct, TR'0 Cr1sC~ ]ri the
ITIii\rau Strait (I9i.r-? Ia:;3 19~i)'os-
tc:nsiUly fell within thz catc?~ory of ci\-il
\~' r, bltt noncthc}css cor.iront(:cl tl]c
'united States as protccior of tllc Chian:;
hat-she}. rC~lll]C. III. 1..ialCi1 }_969 }~l'?}-
~COri'~inu!~-',
Approved For Release 2000/08/16 :CIA-RDP80-01601 R0004~00280001-0
 v+~~rn~~,iv ~l~il~~i~~.`', =iVill:llii'1'
Approved For Release 20~Q~0~11~6~~~IA-RDP80-0
~ ~ a -~~
f ! l f
.:cot alI az?Irrs deals at?c bet;ti?eert ~o't"erturrei7ts of nations.
Tltct?e arc also Iarl;"ate peddlers ?-- ljotl3 tfte lc`al (anti
sorsie4ir3~ey Iat?~ej traders and?,tltc illez,al ~131Ii'L1r1I13I1ry? ;-ari-
et~?. For a look at Itot41 tltc ?i1tllIi\- all{I :,hacly sidt>s of pri-
~-ate ;~r?rns saIcs, 3'ead tl3is C.ft1r stor;" iIt a series about ;ti?lIo
ai?Itts t3ie ~corld. .
STATINTL
I3~- John Ii. Coolc~" ~"'_,'
Stn~ff correspoarcle~at: of The Christina Science iti~onitor '
' ~ London 50; and Interarms U.1{. in Britain, with a staff
.kq1' }10\Tli's 50`.~IE'f-alfElilC:1\ ?cf 100, and ;warehouses in Afanchester and Ac-
strategic arms limitation (SA1,T) ton outside l..ondon.
..ll~~~ddd u?eaty is viewed by many people and P.Ir. Curamirigs, ;;?ho comes from?.Phi!a-
governments as a giant stride toward dis- dell:hia, began his present career- after his
armarrent. ~ ~~'orld ~Var lI Army service by buying up cap-
It has not, however, bothered the private lured CJerman helmets and reselling them at a
arms traders. Quite the contrary. profit. Since 193 he has been registered with
Samuel Cummings, the 44-year-old American tl~e U.S. Government as a licensed arms dealer.
;who heads Interarms - by far the vrorld's larg- Essentially, Interarms' v,ork is to buy up sur-
est private buyer acid seller of arms -points 1%lus militr.ry arms and resell them, either as
out: "`Ve don't ;Worry about the 5:1LT af;ree- sport ;weapons -after "sporteri?r_in2" or con?
merit because it will have no effect ;whatsoever verurtg them - or to other gover~;ments 7-he
or, the movement of conventional arms, the ~'1~ to other g0;'G'nn'i!?ntS has inr_I:uled e~~irrv-
arrns we deal in. thing Irom surplus uniforms to heavy trucks and
''lf anything, I would venture a modest pre- Jet combat planes. IC is shrouded in secrecy be-
diction that it will cause an increase in con- cause, says '.`.Ir. Cummings, "our clients prefer
ventional arms movement in the world, not not to have 17ublicity, ar,d governments. keep .
only by private firms and producers, but also by the figures classified aayway."
governments. ?
"The inevitable result of denying or limiting 'I'urno;'er tap seer?et
strategic arms, the balance-of-power arms, is a dir. Cummings says Interarms' turnover is
greater movement of the conventional types. "top secret" too, but adds that "while we have
"Anyhotiv,.our business isn't controlled by us. been aiming far $100 million yearly, it is still in
It's controlled by the big powers wha give the eight figures only, not nine."
licensing. ,h4r. Cummings has taken legal proceedings ?
'And we are merely, in my view, a reflection ,
for better or for worse of the times in which ;ve a aulst some who called him a "trafficker.'
live.... '1 he v,'hole arras husiness ... is essen- that, "by European definition," he says, 'tis
flatly based on human folly and as such is self? someone who does not pay any attention to UIe
perpetuating. ]t increases in direct proportion law... ~Ve arc buyers and sellers under Amer-
to huutan folly as the world's population in- lean and Lritish Government licenses; we have
creases. only those depots physically in England and
America, and every transaction is made only
Licert~ed ar?rns dealer with the proffer official approval by all govern-
menu concerned."
"'It's a sad commentary, and I don't make it Clients of Jnter?arms are found on every con-
in any hypocritical sense but strictly in a bru' tinent. Its ittiddle East business is so sensitive
tally realistic ? and, from our side, commercial. that even the names of its lvtideast agents are
sense:" ~ ' ~ kept secret.
Mr. Cummings spoke in a telephone inter- Under the U.S. Gun Control Act of 19G3, In-
vie;;? from hi residence in ,'`~? n~aco,~From there,
he contro-s~~~~'~i1S~ li3Q,Gtit~@t~acrs~2~~~~ ~''~~~;~d~~-~'~r~~~'~00400280001-0
ration in rile U.S., with main offices and ware- ~ ` t d x-t r s n t ~ t
houses in rllexat;dria, Va., and a staff of about't?ues. "this has vastly helped U.S, gun manu-
 Los ANG~L~~ve~LFor Release 2000/08/16 :CIA-RDP80-01601 R00
~ERALD~~,~1~SP~T ,J1 Z.
SEMIWEEKLY - 35,000 ~ -
STATINTL
WASHINGTgN, D.C,-1f, and we hove every reason to believe it's true tb~ charges made
in the March, 1972 issue of "Earth Magazine," that the CIA is now, and has been in the
.past, dealing in the d_pe tra#fic, it's deplorable. Drugs and its danger was brought to the at-
tention of the American people cf the National HERALD-DISPATCH newspapers in 1960. We
pointed, out in our initial drive against dope, the fact that it destroys American youth.
Hence, if t!?~e CIA as charged and documented by "Earth Magazine" is dealing in the
?dope traffic, they ore singularly destroying a whole generation of American youth. Dope des-
,trays the brain cell, it renders. the individual, regardless of race, treed, or national origin, use-
less and powerless to think clearly. Dope, as it was fed to American soldiers in Asia is despicable
and deplorable. In Asia America's finest young manhood was destroyed before being sent into
battle in a senseless, useless, racist war,
,In the article titled "The Selling of the CIA" text by Morton Kondracke, offers documen-
tation, photographs cf former CIA spies. The spy was quoted, and we have no reason to believe
that Earth is lying on the C.IA, that its history is a sordid one. _
The HERALD-DISPATCH has been swore for a number of years that the CIA has had
ese s u eats were used as spies to~overthrow the African and Asian countries, to
murder, assassinate, and destroy people. '
"Earth" cites facts that the CIA is involved in the opium traffic with the "fertile tri-
- ., angle", in the border areas of Loos, Burma, Thailand and the Yunnan province of southern
.; ~ Chino. They soy, "about twenty-five percent of the heroin sold in America comes through this.
Southeast Asian channel. lranicolly, the American taxpayer foots a six billion dollar a year bil
for running the dope-the CIA, an organization which answers to nobod is ' t
l
,stooges m the universities and colleges throughout the nation where they recruit brilliant young
students Th t d
y, m ncate
y
Ap~ro~et~fcst'?~F~e1e~'~~~Ot9E~~~'Y&f:~'Nl4-~D#~~~I~+III~O~?4r()A$f~OIO{h1~C~tates. U.S. tax mcn
. 11~21tin;irA
 Appro~red For Release 2000/08/16 :CIA-RDP80-Q1601 R000400
1{1cYie; and Jancis Long.
2'his pamphlet was u~ri:ttc.'ji`collecliUely by a
study group supported by lire Conrrrriltec
of Concerned Asian Scholars. T}re'v-?oup
. inclrcded Pat Ilasellirre, Jerry ;~leldon,
Charles li'nrg}rG, filarlr Selderr, ]iod Aya,
Ilenry~ll'orr, and ;Mara. "Phan}~.s to all
? wTro ]yelped, especially Jirn Alorrell, Tod
Approved For Release 2000/08/1.6 : C.IA-RQP$0-01601'R000400280001-0
.? Second Tdil.i.ort ~ COri~inuecz
' ~ .r,,,?~r T~Q72
 Approved For Release 20/16 :CIA-RDP80-01
ML~u%~LVrV Yi~Iw
r
of Mp
0
.Y; Iv~'o~'r'" ~;, r;"`~ %+~. .1 c=flied the r, lame of Harvard law Schoa
1'!'n
.
.
due fur release in five years, the ,->" -- -
"Our man ,just overheard a convey-
sation betv;een Red Chinese `delezata
Chino Kuan-htra and henry hissing~r
at the White house," lichards: G?c- :
Glared, trying to get by.
"You mean---? ,
"Yupl That Chinese laundry arounl
the corner from the Roosevelt.tYon't
Approved For Release 2000/08/16 : CiA-RDP80-016018000400280001-0
 Approved For Release 2000 I~~? C -RDP80-01601 RO
MICI:ONESIA
~..`~`~~5~~=~ `r~l w~~ ~`~ Cr~ Ca ~.)~ ~~ k ~?~G`` ~ ~ ~ L:i Ls~~ ~_~'! S~' ~~~CS_-~`lyl
CJ`1.t t-alr?3 rl ~+~aV C%~./:.'~{1C.V CrJ lle`_7aU r.s ~ ;'S t ~. +r y; ~v i "~ C?.. ,f~ }a .. q'} i.~
. f ls.~ J L7ue !' fS.-.~lsl)
Mr. Co;urolly, ,~orrrrerly on the editorial staff of Jounlal of
Contemporary I7evulutions (Bart .I'rarrcisco State Callegc), is
now ts'orkirrg' with II'iliiarn I_ibiitbotn~rre or: a book to be
called "i"Ire Politics of U.S. Caurtterinsuri;ency. Alr. Shapiro is
~co-uutlror of An Lncf to:5}Icnc2. (I'obbs-Merrill), a'histary of
tTre San h'rarrcisca S'tatc ColleEc stril:c.
"I> ,'ant Ivory wave iu -the Pacific :lo b., all ~;lnerican
wave," former Secretary of State Dean husk vras once.
e;utitecl as saying.' I.us); might well have liad M1C1'Ui]CSIa
in ]Hind.:. Spread out over an e~:l)anse of the western
Pa'cifi'c larger in area titan the continental United States,
~tliis group of tiny islands has, in the last 100 years, been
occilpicci by a succession of colonial potivers--Spain, Ger-
many .and later Japan; alter V,rorlcl 1'e'ar II another ex-
pand}n~ empire, the United States, steppcct into file void
left by the defeated Japanese. All but oblivious to the
existence of P/ticronesia, many An]ericans will recognize
the 'names of specific islands within the growl;. ~`lorld
\1'ar lI veterans rcriien]bcr Saipan, Kwajalein anti Peleliu;
for the .nuclear generation, bikini and Eniwetok come
immediately to mind. And Americans who have never
heard of. file geographical entity to which these sp~.cks in
file Pacific belong should go bac}~ to their school ]naps,
for. the. NixoJt Acllninistration is turning the area into a
military arsenal anti training center for its Project /t.G1I.Is
PaciP~c Defense. System. .
Micronesia became "an~ ~Alncrican "protectorate" in
1917, uucler a unique arrangement of the United I~rations
1'rtrsteeship Council which invested the United States with
.fill! responsibility for the islands' cconcluic, social and
political development, full authority over. their internal
affairs, anti pe1'n13SSlOIt to build ]nilitary installations, con-
dact nuclear explosions, and generally use them as a
bufi'er against powers In the ]~ar East which ]or,g ago
ceased to be hostile. Technically, the arrangement was
provisional, it ?beilig assumed the t eventually the 1:ficro-
nesians would be. "ready for self-governli]ent." 7"heir
murky political status as a U.S. "trust" was undei?1}lied
-when ~kJasl]ington, anxious to avoid a colonial bleniish,~~
handed file job of ad]-ninistering.fhe territory over to file
llcj;art[1]en.t of the Interior--which, for its part, follotvcd
a policy of "benign nt:glcct" 1'CI11ii]1SCCrit of the behavior
of its L'ur.eatt of Iuclian Affairs. };efore 1.954, the trustec-
ship proceeded on a shoestring budget that. never exceeded
$7 1]i11110I], half. of ~*rhich vrelit to pay the salaries of
Interior Department personnel. 'The Defense Department's
h4icronesia budget for ]iuclcar tests alone exceeded the
cotnbinccl Siatc Dcpartrnent and Interior Dcparfr;7c:nt
budgets by ]Wore than $1 n]illion; not surprisingly, the
DOD \vOt1nC1 Up ]i]akll]F 1"IlUSt Of t11C Ii]]pU]'tant aC1]]]1I1151r'a-
tive decisions--including the forced evacuation of resi-
delits in the Marshall Islands group to na};e way for a
tall]IllatCCl 11]oSt Uf 111CIL' fUOd Supply. "Social and economic
administration, fearful of `butsicie influences': that 1ni~htSTATINT
on foreign trade. At least one Micronesian clicd and many
others wcJ~c .disabled by live bombs tvhiclt the United
States never botliercd to remove after ti~'orlcl 1Var II.
I3y 1964 this blatant mislnanagelncnt succeecl`ed ~ in
provoking a 'I'r"US1CC511J}) ~'UL111C11 investigation, the up-
shot of which was a resolve by the invcstiga~tors to come
bac}: again in three years to dcterl;]ine what changes, if
any, had been made. The prospect that the United States
night be stripped of its trusteeship if conditions an the
islands ciid I],ot significantly improve could not be taken
lightly, particularly because of seconclar}+ effects stcn]tning
from recent escalation o[ the war in Vietna;n. The
Japanese leftists had responciec} to that development by
stepping up their attacks . ort the Japanese-American
Mutual Security Pact, wtucl] in 1960 had been estencled
for ten years. )rearing that the pact ]night not survive
be}'ond 19'JU, United States policy n]a},ers were even
]Wore apprchensiv~. lest sizable U.S. investments inside
Japan be threatened, b}' rising political instability there.
?I?o appease the Ja])ancsc, `~'ashingtort began giving serious
consideration to the idea of abandoning its base oli
Okinawa, itself the scene of growing anti-American derv-
. onstrations. 1Vl~~at was needed vas a site of comparable
strategic value to which -the Okinawa o]>cration could be
transferred. Thailand and South Korea were. too close
to enemy territory; the political situation in the Philippines
was ahead}' too volatile. Micronesia was another story.
blot only was it out of reach of Chinese and Soviet medi-
tlm-rang4 n]issiles; but if the tJnitcd States could maintain
the kiiid of control over the islands' internal affairs that it
}lad Or]CC CnIU}'Cd, the political results of operating a mill-
-tary outpost there could be held to a minimam.
The impending U,.N. investigation posccl an immediate
and irritating stun]bling blocY, to tlicse designs. I'reside;it
Johnson anct .his advisers were ?;ell .aware of the need
to engage in some housecleaning in Micronesia before
the investigators arrived; at t]]c same tine, they }=new that
if flit Micronesian people could be prevailed upon to
.enter into a voluntar~? a.sseciation with the United States,
all U.N. authority in the matter would end. In 19GG,
1VIt110llt V,'altlllg for 111C C1lStoinCtl'}' invitation from the host
nation-,' Mr. Johnson dispatcltecl a contingent of Pcacc
Corps volunteers to .the islands, }toping simultaneously
to mollify the .U.i1, and to persuade the ]iatives that a
pcrliiane~iti "free, association" vritlt file United States really
was in their best. interests. I~jost of the volunteers promptly
blISJ.CC1 t11CI]?SC1vCS 1;'ltll lalltl lllana~ Cli]CI]t, tCaCllli]U
(usually English or American history) avid "colnmunrty
dcvclopr.]cnt
" -..
.
series of thermonuclear ea l~ions~vl 'ch non~~S ~ ~ ?
posed the, islanll~q,~u. arc ~~~x~i$i ~ i ~ 16 :'CIA-RDP80-01601 R000400280Q01-0
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j plal;t known as the Madagas-
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'of:iE:~ e.d "i00~;; ~t,, ~::::;s''.} ~ 1 stance that miUht be a possibly
total stb;iprn ' cf tI l;;?cl~,~1, ~,_~ insulin subst.it.utc.
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l Tnstrad it w a s found that
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o n r. of the e,:tracted sub-
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;: }?' i{nown as lrurocri..tine, h a
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~'p ail 1+i 't, t ti fl < ~ il~ ;i:l '.the treatment- of acute child-'
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~e i. ~~ g 'n:l t~~ have hoon a number of cures.
pre )1:n1: \~oliicl o i,.ec, 1 ,:a T'h; substa.nce is alsohi~I]ly
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to l,a :;f~crfive :?`'a.i`s.. 'it?~.?.~:,~";, occurring usually in teenagers
~dllIt. ?ecLit~; Ie~';:;luia, ,Z;~sc:~