EAST ASIA REVIEW

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP79T00912A002200010021-2
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 20
• Document Creation Date: December 12, 2016
• Document Release Date: January 25, 2002
• Sequence Number: 21
• Publication Date: April 10, 1979
• Content Type: REPORT

National
eIdraig,Release 2002/05/07 : CIA-RDP79T00912A002200010021-
Assessment
Center
East Asia
Review
10 April 1979
Secret
7JJOFORN-NOCONTRACT-
ORCON
Secret
PA EAR 79-008
10 April 1979
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National Security
Information
Dissemination Control
Abbreviations
Intelligence Sources
and Methods Involved
(WNINTEL)
Unauthorized Disclosure
Subject to Criminal Sanctions
NOFORN (NF)
NOCONTRACT(NC)
PROPIN (PP)
NFIBONLY (NO)
Not Releasable to Foreign Nationals
Not Releasable to Contractors or Contractor/Consultants
Caution-Proprietary Information Involved
NFIB Departments Only
STATOTHR
STATOTHR
Controlled by Originator
REL... This Information Has Been Authorized for Release to...
FGI foreign Government Information
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NOFORN-NJCONTRACT-ORCON
EAST ASIA REVIEW (U)
10 April 1979
CONTENTS
Ja an: Public Reaction to the Three-Mile Island
Accident (U) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
The accident at the Pennsylvania nuclear
power plant has attracted intense public
attention in Japan and stirred up a rash
of antinuclear reactions from the press
and various interest groups, as well as
the leftwing opposition parties. (U)
3
The Pea le's Republic of Kampuchea: Hanoi's
Quislings (U) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
The puppet regime installed by the Viet-
namese in January has not been able to
win the support of the Kampuchean people,
who resent its obvious dependence on
Hanoi. (C)
North Korea: The Big Tournament (U) . . . . . . . . 6
North Korea has spared no effort to make
its first international sports event, the
world table tennis games in Pyongyang, a
success but problems involving South
Korean players and officials may still
arise. (U)
CHRONOLOGY (U) . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
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25X1A
Japan: Public Reaction to the Three-Mile Island Accident
The accident at the Three-Mile Island nuclear power
plant in Pennsylvania has attracted intense public atten-
tion in Japan and stirred up ,a rash of antinuclear reac-
tions from the press and various interest groups, as well
as the leftwing opposition parties. Despite repeated
calls from radical groups, environmentalists, and the
Japan Scientists Association for a complete shutdown of
nuclear power plants in Japan, Prime Minister Masayoshi
Ohira has emphasized that he does not intend to change
government policy on the development of nuclear energy.
Given the historic Japanese sensitivities about nuclear
issues, the Three-Mile Island accident will pose political
problems for the government in its planning for the con-
struction of seven new nuclear power plants.
With a number of significant local election cam-
paigns under way throughout Japan during the next two
weeks, Japan's opposition parties--the Socialist Party
and the Communist Party (JCP)--are attempting to exploit
the nuclear issue by organizing demonstrations and rallies
opposing the use of nuclear energy. For its part, the
JCP has issued a statement claiming that the accident
negates the government's claim that nuclear power genera-
tion is "absolutely safe." The Socialists and their af-
filiated labor unions are pressing the Electrical and
Nuclear Power Workers Federation, which has until now
strongly supported the use of nuclear power, to shift its
position on the issue.
Press coverage, much of which has been sensational,
has concentrated on the catastrophic potential of the
Three-Mile Island accident as well as on the environ-
mental impact entailed in nuclear power generation.
Editorial comments in the major daily newspapers have
emphasized the need for the government and the utility
companies to ensure that pressurized water reactor safety
systems used in Japan are reviewed and operator training
programs are improved. Other press commentary has called
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for Japan to discontinue extensive reliance on US light-
water technology and accelerate its own research and de-
velopment programs in the area.
Tokyo has dispatched to the United States a fact-
finding mission composed of government officials and
utility representatives to investigate the circumstances
surrounding the accident. Prime Minister Ohira has fur-
thermore instructed power companies and the concerned
government agencies to study the development of special
safety measures to prevent nuclear accidents. Japanese
utility companies are also conducting a thorough review
of existing safety systems. Both the Japanese Government
and the utility companies are trying to soften the nega-
tive impact of the accident by pointing out that the reac-
tors in Japan are not the same as those used at the Three-
Mile Island plant and that Japanese operator training
programs and safety checks are more stringent than those
in the US. -
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25X1A
The People's Republic of Kampuchea: Hanoi's Quislings
(U)
The People's Republic of Kampuchea (PRK), the puppet
regime installed by Vietnamese forces when they captured
Kampuchea's major cities in January, has not been able to
establish an effective political system with broad appeal
to the Kampuchean people. Most towns and villages were
evacuated before the Vietnamese forces reached them, and
large numbers of civilians who were moved into the coun-
tryside remain under the control of Pol Pot's Democratic
Kampuchean (DK) forces. Kampucheans who are in PRK-con-
trolled areas appreciate the abandonment of Pol Pot's
harsh policies, but are dissatisfied with the new regime's
obvious dependence on Hanoi. (C)
The Vietnamese invaded Kampuchea before they had
completely organized their Khmer front organization. They
had been recruiting from among Kampuchean refugees in
Vietnam since at least early spring 1978, but did not
officially establish the Kampuchean National United Front
for National Salvation (KNUFNS) until early December.
The pro-Vietnamese Khmer accompanying the Vietnamese in-
vasion forces probably numbered fewer than 20,000 and
they did little or no actual fighting. Some served as
translators and others occupied the cities taken by the
Vietnamese, but relatively few were trained or organized
to carry out effective civic action or propaganda activi-
ties. (C)
In a bid to win support among the Kampucheans, the
Vietnamese and PRK cadre announced a number of popular
reforms. Vietnamese troops, who were generally well-
behaved, promised that no punitive action would be taken
against those associated with the former regime. In out-
lying villages, they opened the granaries, allowing people
to eat better than they had for years, and encouraged the
Kampucheans to elect new village leaders. The Vietnamese
and PRK cadre moved on after several days, however, and
returning DK forces frequently executed the villagers who
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had collaborated with the Vietnamese. As the Vietnamese
no doubt calculated, many of the Kampucheans in "contami-
nated" villages chose to move to areas under Vietnamese
control. (S NF NC OC)
The most prominent leaders of the PRK regime are
defectors from Pol Pot's government. Heng Samrin, who
serves concurrently as President of the PRK and leader
of the KNUFNS, had been the commander and political com-
missar of a DK division stationed on the eastern front
until he apparently led an unsuccessful insurrection and
fled to Vietnam in the spring of 1978. The Vice Presi-
dent in charge of National Defense, Pen Sovan, had served
under Pol Pot in military and propaganda posts, but de-
fected to the Vietnamese in the early 1970s. Hun Sen,
the Minister of Foreign Affairs, had been a military of-
ficer, and Chea Sim, head of the Interior Ministry, had
held a midlevel party position in the Pol Pot regime. (S)
Hanoi and Moscow have sponsored the PRK's diplomatic
overtures and pressed other countries to recognize it as
the legitimate representative of the Kampuchean people.
The 17 nations that have recognized the PRK are all
friendly to the Soviets and Vietnamese. Hanoi and Moscow
have consistently supported the PRK's position at the
United Nations and at the international conferences and
have facilitated the foreign travel of PRK representa-
tives. Recognizing that support for their new regime is
very limited, however, they have not seriously challenged
the Pal Pot regime's predominant position within the in-
ternational community. (S NF NC OC)
Domestically, the PRK cadre are only beginning to
establish administrative organs. Almost 100,000 Kampu-
cheans reportedly had taken refuge in Battambang by the
end of February, but aside from a hospital staffed by a
single Vietnamese doctor, no public health, educational,
or cultural services had been reestablished. In recent
speeches, PRK leaders have candidly acknowledged many
shortcomings in their administration, including lack of
training, favoritism, elitism, corruption, and the "mis-
treatment" of Kampucheans. PRK leaders have also admitted
that serious security problems are continuing to hamper
their activities. (C)
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Refugees report that Vietnamese forces are stationed
at almost every crossroad, bridge, and village along the
major communications routes, and that the Vietnamese con-
trol everything. Village leaders in "liberated" areas
always have a Vietnamese Army counterpart assigned to
advise and work with them. Where "People's Self Manage-
ment Committees" have been established, they are staffed
by both Vietnamese and PRK cadre, but the Vietnamese
make all the decisions. Many Kampucheans were delighted
with the PRK reforms, but "once their bellies were full"
they began to have second thoughts. Kampucheans who had
moved to the cities because the new regime provided se-
curity are no doubt worried that an eventual Vietnamese
withdrawal would leave them vulnerable to DK retribution.
On the other hand, the new regime's dependence on the
Vietnamese has rekindled historic Khmer-Vietnamese ani-
mosities and sparked concern among Kampucheans that
Hanoi--just as the DK leaders had predicted--intends to
"swallow up" their country. (S NF NC)
Hanoi is sensitive to these problems. Vietnamese
forces reportedly have been ordered to maintain a low
profile and allow the PRK to deal with Kampuchean civil-
ians. The Vietnamese have stepped up conscription ef-
forts inside Kampuchea and increased recruiting among
Khmer who have been living for many years in southern
Vietnam. Hanoi is attempting to deal with the suspicions
and hostility of the Kampuchean people, but refugees re-
port that dissatisfaction with the Vietnamese and PRK
cadre is widespread and growing. (S NF NC OC) (SECRET
NOFORN-NOCONTRACT-ORCON)
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25X1A
North Korea: The Big Tournament (U)
The countdown is on for North Korea's first inter-
national sports event, the 35th world table tennis games.
After opening day ceremonies on 25 April, team events
will run from 26-30 April. individual matches are sched-
uled for 2-6 May following a break on the traditional
1 May holiday. (U)
Teams from over 60 countries will be participating.
The drawings in mid-March listed North and South Korea
in separate groups for the men's team events. For the
women's events, where the North Korean paddlers have a
decided edge, the North and South meet head on. Israel,
an important test of Pyongyang's political tolerance as
host country, is competing in the men's events. Unex-
pected holdouts include East Germany, Albania, and Ban-
gladesh. (U)
North Korea has spared no effort to make the games
a success. The competition will take place in the five-
year-old Pyongyang indoor gymnasium on Chollima Street.
It has a seating capacity of 20,000. In true interna-
tional spirit, the players will be using Japanese
"nittaku" ping pong balls and Swedish "stiga" tables.
Four of Pyongyang's best hotels have been set aside for
the players, officials, press, and foreign spectators.
(U)
Pyongyang has published three pamphlets providing
details on the games. The brochures indicate that visi-
tors will be encouraged to view not only local tourist
attractions such as the city subway system but also cer-
tain scenic spots outside Pyongyang. These include the
Mount Kumgang area south of Wonsan on the east coast,
the new exhibit hall housing Kim Il-song's foreign gifts
at Mount Myohyang northeast of Pyongyang, and the west
coast port city of Nampo. Travel from Pyongyang to
Wonsan and Nampo will probably be on new expressways
opened last fall. (U)
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The North Koreans clearly are nervous about the
problems of coping with large numbers of Western newsmen.
Pyongyang reportedly sent a delegation to the USSR in
March to seek advice. Much to the chagrin of the Ameri-
can table tennis federation, North Korea early this
month rejected all but one of the 35 or so US media rep-
resentatives that had been processing for the trip and
substituted a shorter list of their own. (S NF NC)
South Korea, despite being listed in the drawings,
continues to predict that it will somehow be excluded
from the games, and it is urging the United States and
other teams to boycott the tournament if this occurs.
Seoul's concern was fueled by North Korea's surprise
proposal in late February to form a "unified" team, a
proposal that South Korea in effect rejected. Another
stumbling block is North Korea's apparent refusal to
issue visas for South Korean players and officials.
North Korea considers itself the only legitimate Korean
government on the peninsula, a view that is reflected
on a map in one of the pretournament brochures that fails
to show any political demarcations or any South Korean
cities on the peninsula. The issue could be finessed if
the South Koreans enter North Korea through Panmunjom on
the Military Demarcation Line. In theory, the MDL is
not an international border, and there would be no need
for passports or visas to cross it. (U) (SECRET NOFORN-
NOCONTRACT)
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JAPAN: SELECTED CHRONOLOGY (U)
1 February The Japan Socialist Party (JSP) and
Japan Communist Party (JCP) decide
to give joint support to Kaoru Ota,
former president of the General Coun-
cil of Trade Unions of Japan (SOHYO),
as their candidate in the Tokyo guber-
natorial election in April. (U)
7 February The Foreign Ministry creates an of-
fice for Southeast Asian refugees in
its Asian Affairs Bureau. (U)
The Foreign Ministry's Africa -
Middle East Affairs Bureau is di-
vided into two bureaus: Africa and
the Middle East. (U)
9 February Katsuichi Ikawa is appointed Ambas-
sador to France. (U)
10 February Incumbent Kanagawa Prefectural Gov-
ernor Kazuji Nagasu announces that
he will run in the forthcoming Kana-
gawa gubernatorial election. He will
be backed by all seven political
parties including the Liberal-
Democratic Party (LDP) and the JCP.
(U
13 February Niger's Minister of Foreign Affairs
and Cooperation Moumouni Adamou
Djermakoye visits Japan. (U)
14 February Japan recognizes the new government
of Iran headed by Prime Minister
Bazargan. (U)
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14 February Yoshio Hatano is appointed Economic
Minister at the Japanese Embassy in
Washington, replacing Minister Fukuda.
(U)
14-16 February The fourth conference of the leaders
of Soviet-Japanese and Japanese-
Soviet Committees for Economic Co-
operatior meets in Tokyo. (U)
16 February The new South Korean Ambassador to
Japan, Kim Chong-Yom, arrives, and
presents his credentials on 24 Feb-
ruary. Kim is an influential ad-
viser to President Pak. (U)
16-21 February General Omar Torrijos and other Pan-
amanian leaders, including the Fi-
nance Minister, visit Japan to hold
a seminar to investment in Panama.
(U)
18-23 February West German Bundestag President Karl
Carstens heads a delegation to Japan.
(U)
20-27 February Egyptian Deputy Premier Muhammad at-
Tuhami exchanges views on the Middle
East and other issues while visiting
Japan. (U)
20 February - Ryoichi Nagata, LDP Chairman of the
1 March House of Representatives Ad Hoc Com-
mittee on Aircraft Imports, heads a
15-man nonpartisan parliamentary
delegation to the United States on
a factfinding mission into Grumman
Corporation activities in Japan. (U)
21-24 February Indonesian Foreign Minister Mochtar
visits Japan. (U)
22-27 February Sierra Leone Foreign Minister Abdulai
Conteh heads a delegation to Japan.
(U)
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22 February - A Bank of China delegation, led by
8 March International Department Manager Niu
Hsuan-chi, visits Japan and agrees
in principle to borrow $2 billion in
syndicated loans for financing Chi-
nese imports from Japan. (U)
24 February - Taiichiro Matsuo, President of Maru-
10 March beni Corporation, leads a 98-man dele-
gation to Britain and Ireland to try
to reduce Japan's trade surpluses
with the two countries. (U)
25 February - Pyotr Fedoseyev and Ivan Kovalenko,
2 March officials of the Soviet Communist
Party, visit Japan to hold prelimi-
nary talks with the JCP on normal-
izing relations between the two
parties. (U)
26 February Hiroshi Oki, Councillor for Foreign
Affairs, visits Washington for nego-
tiations on the Nippon Telegraph and
Telephone Public Corporation (NTT)
procurement issue. (U)
27-28 February South Korean Foreign Minister Pak
Tong-chin visits Tokyo. (U)
4 March Shigeru Hori, former Speaker of the
House of Representatives and a senior
member of the LDP, dies at age 77.
(U)
4-5 March US Treasury Secretary Michael Blumen-
thal visits Japan. (U)
4-9 March Bunichiro Tanabe, President of Mit-
subishi Corporation, heads an 87-
member delegation of representatives
of major department stores to Thai-
land to promote imports from Thailand.
(U)
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5-11 March Teiichiro Morinaga, Governor of the
Bank of Japan, accompanied by Takehiro
Sagami, Vice Finance Minister for In-
ternational Affairs, attends a meet-
ing of the International Monetary
Fund's Interim Committee in Washing-
ton. (U)
6-7 March A Japan-Philippine Joint Economic
Committee meets to discuss the pro-
motion of trade and investment. (U)
8 March Iwao Arakatsu, chairman of the over-
seas Fisheries Cooperation Founda-
tion; Yoshira Kato, counselor of the
Foreign Ministry's European and
Oceanic Affairs Bureau; and Hiro Sano,
director general of the Fishery
Agency's Ocean Fisheries Department,
are appointed delegates to the Japan-
Soviet Fisheries Committee meeting
scheduled to open in Moscow on 19
March. (U)
8-12 March Guenther Poetschke, president of the
East German news agency ADN, visits
Japan at the invitation of the KYODO
news service. (U)
9 March Japan recognizes St. Lucia, a former
British colony in the Caribbean. (U)
Naraichi Fujiyama is appointed Ambas-
sador to the United Kingdom. Hiroji
Yamaguchi is appointed Ambassador
to Lebanon. (U)
Tomomi Narita, former chairman of the
JSP, dies at age 66. (U)
10 March Kenzo Yoshida is appointed Ambassador
to China. (U)
Masuo Takashima, Deputy Minister of
Foreign Affairs, visits Bulgaria.
(U)
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12 March KYODO news service announces the
opening of a news bureau in Tehran.
Kazutaka Kawamoto, appointed chief
of the Tehran bureau, leaves for Iran.
This brings the number of KYODO's
overseas bureaus to 29. (U)
US Assistant Secretary of State
Richard Holbrooke confers in Tokyo
with Prime Minister Ohira on bilat-
eral and international problems. (U)
Takeshi Yasukawa, government repre-
sentative for external economic af-
fairs, visits Western Europe for talks
with EC leaders. (U)
12-21 March Takeshi Yasukawa tours France, West
Germany, Belgium, and Britain to
exchange views with government leaders
on international economic problems.
(U)
13-14 March Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs
Masuo Takashima visits Romania to
discuss bilateral relations. (U)
14 March Three members of the House of Rep-
resentatives resign to run in the 8
April gubernatorial elections:
Tadashi Nakamura, an LDP member run-
ning in Iwate; Daisuke Kawaguchi of
the JSP running in Akita; and
Yoshikata Aso, an independent running
in Tokyo. The LDP now has 251 seats
in the 511-member Lower House; JSP
116; Komeito 56; Democratic Social-
ist Party 28; JCP 19; New Liberal
Club 17; United Social Democratic
Party 3; and Independents 5. There
are 16 vacancies. (U)
14-20 March Former President and Mrs. Ford make
a private visit to Japan. Mr. Ford
has talks with Prime Minister Ohira
and Foreign Minister Sonoda. (U)
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17-31 March General Takehiko Takashina, Chairman
of the Joint Staff Council, visits
Australia and New Zealand to exchange
views with Chiefs of Staff on the
military situation in Asia and tour
military bases. He is the first
chairman of the council to visit
New Zealand. (U)
17 March - Chinese Vice Trade Minister Lui Xiwen
3 April visits Japan at the head of a delega-
tion of the Chinese Committee for the
China-Japan Long-Term Trade Agreement.
A memorandum is signed and exchanged
on the extension of the bilateral
nongovernmental long-term trade
agreement concluded in February last
year. The eight-year accord is to
be extended annually until 1990 and
the two-way trade volume expanded
to two to three times the initial
$20 billion. (U)
18 March Ambassador Henry Owen attends in
Tokyo the first preparatory meeting
for the economic summit to be held
in June. (U)
20 March Foreign Minister Sonoda tells the
Diet that Japan is reader to cooperate
with the United States in extending
economic aid to Egypt. (U)
Japan and the Philippines resume ne-
gotiations in Manila on a new treaty
of amity, commerce, and navigation.
(U)
Mitsuo Hashizume is appointed Ambas-
sador to Ethiopia. (C)
A government census reports that Ja-
pan's population has reached 115 mil-
lion as of 1 October. According to
the survey, the rate of population
increase is slowing while the per-
centage of aged is increasing. (U)
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25 March Wilhelm Haferkamp, Vice President of
the European Communities, visits
Japan to discuss Japan-EC trade. (U)
26-31 March Senior members of the National De-
fense Council, Kunio Muraoka and
Seiji Tanaka, visit the United States
to study US crisis management tech-
niques. (C)
27-30 March Nobuhiko Ushiba, government trade
negotiator, visits Washington to dis-
cuss outstanding bilateral economic
issues such as government procure-
ment and staging of multilateral
trade negotiations tariff cuts. (U)
27 March - A 24-member trade and goodwill dele-
1 April gation headed by Shigeo Nagano,
president of the Japanese Chamber of
Commerce and Industry, visits Hungary
and Bulgaria to hold consultations
on economic cooperation. (U)
28 March Notes are exchanged in Laos on Japan's
extension of a $500,000 grant to Laos
for purchase of dam construction ma-
terials for the Mekong River basin
development project. (U)
A delegation of the JCP, composed
of Tomio Nishizawa, vice-chairman of
the party Presidium; Choju Ugai, mem-
ber of the Central Committee; and
Sakuto Onuma, vice-chief of the In-
ternational Department of the Central
Committee, leaves for Italy to attend
the 15th congress of the Italian Com-
munist Party to be held 30 March -
3 April. (U)
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30 March Japan and Australia agree to extend
existing arrangements for entry of
Japanese fishing boats into some
Australian ports until Australia
takes up jurisdiction over its 200-
mile fishery zone. Japan and Aus-
tralia are currently negotiating an
agreement to permit Japanese fishing
vessels in the new 200-mile fishery
zone. (U)
The Japanese Defense Agency completes
the outline of its five-year medium-
term defense plan for fiscal years
1980 to 1984. The plan calls for re-
newal of the BADGE (Base Air Defense
Ground Environment) system; selection
of new ground-to-air missiles to re-
place NIKE and Hawk missiles; con-
struction of new escort ships to re-
place old ones; and reorganization
of the Ground Self-Defense Force
Divisions. (U)
31 March Prime Minister Masayoshi Ohira pub-
licly states that he has no inten-
tion of changing the government's
atomic energy policy as a consequence
of the nuclear accident at the Three-
Mile Island facility in Pennsylvania.
(U)
1 April Japan and the Soviet Union exchange
notes in Moscow renewing their bilat-
eral agreement on an international
observer scheme for factory ships
engaged in whaling operations in the
north Pacific. (U)
2-7 April Zenji Kumagai, Director General of
the Patent Agency, leads a delegation
to China to hold discussions on China's
request for Japanese help in setting
up a patent system. (U)
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3 April The House of Councillors approves
the government budget for fiscal
1979. (U)
The JCP denounces China for abroc9at-
inc the Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friend-
ship, Alliance, and Mutual Aid. (U)
4-7 April Australian Deputy Prime Minister
Douglas Anthony visits Japan. He
and government trade negotiator
Nobuhiko Ushiba agree that Japan will
increase its global beef import quota
in fiscal year 1982 to 135,000 tons,
compared with 112,000 tons for the
just-ended fiscal year 1978. (U)
5-10 April Foreign Minister Sonoda visits Wash-
ington. (U)
8-19 April Mrs. Deng Yingchao, Chinese Politburo
member and widow of Premier Zhou Enlai,
leads a group of representatives of
the Chinese National People's Congress
to Japan at the invitation of the
Diet. (U) (CONFIDENTIAL)
10 April 1979
16
SECRET
Approved For Release 2002/05/07 : CIA-RDP79T00912AO02200010021-2
 Secret
Approved For Release 2002/05/07 : CIA-RDP79T00912AO02200010021-2
Secret
Approved For Release 2002/05/07 : CIA-RDP79T00912AO02200010021-2