SCIENTIFIC ABSTRACT ZHIVOV, V.I. - ZHIVUSHCHEV, A.A.

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: Scientific Abstracts
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP86-00513R002064830004-4
• Release Decision: RIF
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 100
• Document Creation Date: November 2, 2016
• Document Release Date: July 20, 2001
• Sequence Number: 4
• Publication Date: December 31, 1967
• Content Type: SCIENTIFIC ABSTRACT

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87646
PhosphonlitrylChloridelIts Synthesis, S119 V601000101210051016
Pro erties~.and-Use.'_:Repo'rt No I-Synthesis B02o/Bo66
~p
Of Phosphonitryl-Chloride
upon.,::the reaction of. NK Cl,with:PC1 in tetrach,loro ethane in the presence
Pf quinoline as catalyst, and yielded 35 40% trimer, 55 60% heptamer,
and 0:- 5% tetramer and other polymers The other method bases upon the
reaction,.of a solution of.PC1 in methylene chloride with liquid ammonia,
7 5
in.vhich a mixture~of.th.e trimer; and.tetramer and 0 - 5% of other polymers
were obtained. The physi,dlogilcal,properties of the product,are givens the
principal-features of the separation of the polymer homologs and their
purification:are briefly described-The anal tical methods for the
resultant'products are briefly described, and the results obtained by the
laboratory of1the kafedra,organicheskikh.:i elementoorganicheskikh
vysokomolekulyarnykh soyedineniy,.MKhTl imeni Mendeleyeva (Department of
Organic and Elemental-organic High-amolecular Compounds of the Moscow
Institute.of..Ohem-lo I Te V) with respect to PVC
a ,ohnology imeni.Mendeleye
synthesis and the properties of'the resultant reaction products are
given. Ther6,are 47:referencest 1 Soviet, 9 US, 12 German, 23 French,
3 Brit ish,,I.and' 1 Japanese.
Card 2/2;~
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PERIODICAL':', Vysokom lekulyarnyye soyedinenlyaj,v. 59 n0# Pp IYO11
-4_14 4,19
TEXT: The aging,, 6f ~ h vitkyj i:, ch oride (PNG) rubber has already been
p ospho
repeatedl Iy-investigated b ut as,remarked by.N. L. Paddock Ref .' 7: Chemf
and Ind., ~1960, 91-92)-:it has not yet been fully cleared.~ It was,thers-
fore the purpose.~of'the present work to investigate the aging azd~,the
imer (PNC1 ) was.,synthetized
stabilization of'PNC rubber.,%Firstf.the tr
2 3
from'PC and NH Qpnified by re cry's t alli zation and distillation, after
whi ch it~ was zed f or' 6 hr at 3200C. Experiments confirm the'fact
.,.that -HC1 'is Ite d ~du ring agi,ngf corresponding tolan equation~,(re'ac-
tion with 1he w atei: of ~ koi a tair with formation of P-O-P cross links)
suggested by ff. 'Spiciii'(Ref. 6* Angew, Chem. �J1 299-303, 1953). The
infrared speotroscopid~ anal is of the films of fresh and aged rubber
yo
Card 1/4

099P
4
Phosphonitryl chloride rubber, ~8/19 61/903/003/006,/O1
B101~D204
applied to::KBr by, means of'a~.UR-10 spectrograph confirms; 1) The occurrence
of,a'Vand corresponding to .the P-O-P bond.during agin Ig. 2) The decrease
:of the:.intensi,ty of the P=N. band and occurrence of NH bands as a result
of destruction. Furthermore a displacement of the P=N ba do with increae-
10 -1,
Ing mo,lecular:weight from 1.34 cm (molecular weight 2.10 to
1369' c'm_1 (molecu lar wei .ghIt 10106 was obser ved. Pyenometrically, an
increase in.specific weight (from 1-77 to 2.02),was foundp,which takes
~Placewithin,S days. :~: By X-ray analysis, this effect could be explained
as crystallization. Conforming with the data of the increase in a ecific
p
weight, &.duration of the crystallization of-.370 hr was found. The melt-
ing point. of :th6'. crystals was between 30 40 C. By weighing, the eff set
produced by aging jupon weight was investigated. With 100 moisturef the
Ancreass in weight.was 14% after 200 hrt and 7#9% after 300 hr. This
~change in, weight, however,~dependedlon the ratio between the cross section
of'the Ispecimen and-its.surfacet. The authors found: y - (P - P )/P
-06- 111F 007946 + 1-22 (4) - Here, P Is the initial weight, P after
2
v hr.. F the area of the- cross section, CM 6 thickness in mm. From
this e uatio-n I t follows that,agifig is a diffusion process proceeding from
Card 2~ 4~

PTHS "'113111 lit I,

895"

Phos~honiiiyl chloride rubber,:
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rea.~.

rd 4/4,

S~rntheais of phosphonitrile chloride. Zhur.neorf.kbim- no#10:
2414- (MIRA 14-9)
2416 0:-161.'

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2753.1
B/079/61/031/009/Ul2/012
'SyntheSiB:~'and study.of D215/D306
venTG* wo, prevenu zne ~i:ormauion..017;~',Q:Leunyj.*uin OXICLe Tne reaCllon
~.,was carried-out at-pf'."-c_-7, Pkepv#dn-of polyprop~lstannoxanes is
most suitable co'nducted~ at ~5000 eh--up to 70 % yields dre.obtai-:
ts'were~condiiAed-with increasing the mole-
ned.,Purther experimen
-1 -4 -1-4- ~--P 4-16- ~---4-4--_
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URNIN

2753.1
61/031/009/012/012
D215 306
Synthesis and study of YD
pared by.mixing aqueous solutions of diethyltin dichloridet sodium
acetate~and:acetic acid-at 20008'After standing for 1.5 hoursp the
,solid was filtered,washed and dried'p.~the yield was 54-55 %, mole-
cular weight.700-720. PolypropyIstannoxane was similarly prepared
but at 500C9 by Adding.dipropyltin'dichloride solution in methanol
to aqueous acetateO The yield was 70*5,%P.moiecular weight 883-914.
Dihydroxyp6lyethylstannoxane was obtained by refluxing polyethyl-
-stannoxane acetate with water.for.-5 hourso After neutralizing the
acid the residue was boiled for 5 hours.with more water and the
.-Procedure repeated several:.times, 'The yield of product was 60
The dihydroxypolystannoxane.-obtaindd,waalthen condensed with an
equimolecular quantity of polyethylstannoxane acetate at 1600C for
3 hours and 2000C for,5,'hours-. The product was a brown transparent
mass slightly softening at.25000o There are 3 tablesp and 12 re7.
vi -bloc and 6 non-Boviet-bloo. The four most rd-
ferences: 6 So et
oent~references to the.,English-language publications read as fol-
lows: J.Oo Montermosol T.M. Andrewsp L.P. Marinellig J. of Polymer
Sci-v 329~5231 1958; T.M# Andrewsp F.AO Bowert B.R. LaLiberteg J.
Card 5/7
J.:
qI I

33439
S1064j621000100110021006
9D B110/B138
AUTHORS: Zhivukhin, S. M. Tolstoguzov, V. B.
Production.of Phosphorus nitryl chloride
TITLE:
PERIODICAL: Xhimicheskaya, piomyshlennost', no. 1, 1962, 19 23,
TEXT: A method is developed.for the industrial production of phosphorus
nitryl chloride according to n,PC1 +nNH Cl---'>,(Pflcl + 4nHC1 + 120
4 2)n
kcal/mole. The' trimer (II) produced in the etperiments contained tetramer
(I).impurities, was crystalline, (m. 108 - 114'C), had a slight odor and
almost imperceptible irritant properties. Vapor pressures between
0
75.2 - 114.900 and 114.9 189.3 C were determined from log P = 11-187
-3979/T and.16g P - 8.357 2880/T, respectively. Heat of vaporization
was 13.2 kcal/mole,1teat of sublimation 18.2 kcal/mole, and heat of fusion
5.0 kcal/MO16. The ,eutec.tic mixture 11 (0.65 - 0.1 molar parts) + I melts
0
at 89.0 89-5 C. Best solubility of II is in benzene (55.0 g/100 g), and
of I in CC! Molecular weigWof II is 340 - 450*19- It decomposes ill
4'
moisture, is not corrosive, and can be stored for ever. The resulting
Card
T 7-
F i FII

33439
S'10641621000100110021008
Production of phosphorus ni t ryl Blio/Bi3a
dark yellow-to-brown oily liquid (D 2.01; at 60 0C, 110cp I
20
n14-5 1-5857; W 1172 1392; 24-9% P; 59.63% Cl; 11-74% N; mean
D
degree)of polymerization'. 101- 12) is a mixture of higher polymer homologs
(PNCi 2.n' n>4,. soluble in b en zene, toluene, xylene, acetone, and
insoluble in~water, acetic acid, and petroleum other. The higher homologs.
have better solubility in' benzene'-than the lower ones. The o timum solvent
p
chlorobenzene (1.65 1.75 liters/kg of PCI ) melts near the optimum
boiling,point (128 1300,C) pausing violent agitation. The optimum molar
ratio Of NH CI to PC1 is 1'15 1-17. Op timum synthesis period is
4 5
8 -12 hra in the presence of 0.160 - 0.163 moles of quinoline per mole of
Pei The trimer yield decreas'es and the-mean polymerization degree
increases in 12 hre. -the reaction is at first violent, bulk conversion
takes place'after 7 - 8 hjrs,~and then HC1 is separated. The starting
materials are put into enameled vessel 2 kFig. 2) with reflux condenser 3.
The separated HC1 gas is collected in 5, the reaction mixture is cooled
to room temperature, and quinoline hydrochloride and the NH Ci excess are
4
Card 2
_71 7 111 _f7

33439
S/064/62/600/001/002/008
Production of.phosphorus nitryl ... B110/B138
filtered off at 6. C H C1 is distilled off in,8 and recycled. In 11,
the oily residue,is separated into phosphorus nitryl chloride and oil.
The crystals are.dissolved.in.p.et,roleum ether, and the saturated solution
is passed through filteri-16. Partial distillation of the petroleum ether
occurs at 16, and the.trimer'..,io,orystallized in 20.' It is centrifuged at
21, and the mother liquid passes.into 18 again. The purified trimer (42%
related,to PCl ) is separated from the tetramer by fractional vacuum
distillation, _,.-rystallization, or by,CH Off., The oil is passed to 22
3
(Fig. 3), di6iiolved in.benze'ne, Iprecipitated by petroleum ether, and left
standing for,G hrs. Thebottom layer is pure.oil, and the top layer is . a
0
mixture of s6lvents containing.impurities. It is distilled at 80 - 100 C
,in 24. The ,Al yield is 40 42%. Quinoline hydrochloride and NH C1 from
4
6 (Fig. 2) are rendered weakly alkaline in-27 (Fig- 4) by 25% NH OH:
+.Nf + KH Cl. For extraction"f~benzene is added by.
4
e H-HCl
Card:- 34

33439
5/064 62/000/001/002/006
-Production of phosphorus nitryl..,... B110138
stirring, and the mixture is Ief t standing for 2 - 3 hrs. The solution
of.quinoline.in benzene is passed to 29, dried with KOH for 24 hrs,
filtered and distilled in 30.' ~For I kg of phosphorus nitryl chloride,
1.96 kg of PC1 , 0.59 kg of NH C11 and 0.19 kg of quinoline are used.
5 4
There are 4 figures, 2 tables, and 5 references: 2 Soviet and 3 non-Soviet.
The two references to English-language publications read as follows: H. ff.
Stokes, Am. Chem. J., !2,- 782 (1897)-1 It. L. Paddock,Bri.t. Plast., 1_1,
no. 11, 473, 494 (1958)-
Fig. 2. Flow chart for phosphorus nitryl chloride production (production
and .. separat ion, of polymer. homologs').
Legend: (a) vaporl (b) vacu",:.(c)-brine; (d )nitrogen; (e) waterl f)
HGIj-.(g) trimer for purification; (h) Fig- 3; (1) chlorobenzene; (k~
quinoline; (1) petroleum ether; (m) oil.
ig. 3.. Purification of the oily liquid.
Legend: (a) of 12 and 16, Fig.,2; (b) petroleum ether; (c) benzene; (d)
solvent for rectification; (e) vapor; (f) vacuum; (g) oil.
Card 4
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/07QJ62/030./009/011/013.
1048/I042
S the i I aand invesbleatio7o,
thesized in the laboratory. Both the rate 'of condensation FI,nd the
final. zrield of butyl acletate Increased, whi-J. nthe molaoular weight
of tbo polymer deGraboad with.incressing rejactioti tompernture. Thus,
at 1600C the reaction was completed within 2 hrn , the yiold of butyl
acetnte vres 61.4%, and the molecular. weight of tho polymor waa 1129
0
whon thn roaction was carried ont-under atmosphorto prossuro am
2400 in vacuos. At 1SOOC the roaction was comploted. within 106 hrej,
t(In yl.c'jd of butyl aoetata Was nbout 76."', and the molonitlPi- wolrht
of tho pol-ymor Y.,aa.V.0 under atmospheric prosaura and 1610 In voLauo"
Tho produot formed at tor-peratiwon above 200oC contained a non-melt-
lpg, Insoluble phase wh6se strixottufa noods fut-ther clarificationa
--1800C:was'a brittlo subotanee,-enuily'soluble
Tho polymer formed at
In bonzeno and itb homologes- with n softening temperative of 130-
i~000. The 'polymer formed at ~ 1^500C was a glans-likoi brittla and
transparent sabstanou with good, adhasion to metals and glass; 16
DIOPO was 96.1000# and it diJ not lone its malting oharactieriotica on
repoated malting-solidification avclaao There are 2 figwea
SUBM MED: September 13.,,,1961
Cara 2/2

D235/D302
AUTHORS., Wy Tolstoguzov, V.* B. and LevitskiyM.M81
TITLE*.: Certain properties of oily oligomers of phosphonitrile~
~chloride_
PERIODICALO Zhurnal prikladnoy khimii, v. 35~ no.-2~ 1962, 290-295
TEXT: The composition and structure of oligomers of phosphonitrile
chloride and the properties of high molecular polymeric products
obtained from them are-studied. The oligomere were obtained by.re-
acting PC1 5 with KH4C*J'- in a medium of chlorobenzene in the~presence
of quinoline. The trimer and tetramer were removed from the, 'oligo-
mere by ex.traction with petroleum ether. The yield of oligomers was
40 45% and the composition was within the limits P - 24.96-25 4%,
12.01-11.74%7,C1. - 59.63.62.5%. The molecular weight was~lliO - VK
1390 and titration of a fraction of molecular weight 1200 showed a
minimum.of three polymer homologues, In order "Co elucidate the com-
position -the infra-red spectrum in the fr,equency range 400 3800
Gard 1/4
------------------ --- -

S/080
/62/035/002/006/022
Certain properties of D235/D302
The oligomers were subjected to polymerization in a glass ampoule
for 4 hours.at 192, 210~ 2269 245 and 26000. On'Increasing the fed-
'perature, consistency of the products changed from a brown paste
to a dark brown or black resinous material possessing low adhesion,
to glaBB.' Density of the samples after extraction with chloroform
was found to be 1.58 - 1.68 'at 2000. The was no relationship be-
tween density and temperature of polymerization. A linear relation-
ship was found between the COMPOBition of the soluble fraction and
the temperature of polymerization which can be written:
M
sol.fract.
x. 100,= 175 0.57 to Vi/
M
sample
The authors also studied swelling 9f thexesin and discovered that
the degree of swelling decreased with increasing temperature of
polymerization. Ageing.of the elast~qmers was considered concluding
that the change in weight.of,the samples during ageing was mainly
due to absorption of moisturefrom,the air followed by reaction
Card 3/4
qq

8/080/62/035/002/006/022
Certain properties of D235/D302
with.the ~_-csin,with the elimination of HC1; this hydrolysis takes
place more quickly the la.rger.the quantity of oily oligowers con-
tained in the resin. The poly-acid formed changes,to the more
stable tetracompound. There are 6 figures and 5 references: 2 So-
viet-bloc and 3 non-Soviet-bloc. The references to the English-lan-
guage publications read as follows: L. F. Audrieth, R. F. Steed-
man and A. D. F. Toy, C,hem. Rev., 32, 1099 1943; N. L. Paddock
and H. T. Searle, Advances ininorganic chemistry and radiochemis- V~
try, 1, 3472 1959; N. L. Paddooko Bndeavour., 19, 75P 134, 1960.1
SUBMITTED: December 26, 1960
Card 4/4

SOURCE: Plasticheakiye massy, no. 7, PP
TOPIC TAGS: polyphosphomttrile chloride, a1,'1coYypjhe)np-hor,1'.rt'Lp chloride, alkoxv-
phosphonitrilate, polydioxyarilene-phoophonitrilate
ABSTRACT.- ITydrolytical-ly stable polymer- :o* --n!'
vith alternating phosphonitrile wr! I-) !,pv-!~bonf) have been
Card 1/3
t-k
"Dilli

9'~, 1 cri N7, !7'
synthesized by the fol-loving me-th~x__q: _j 'r2nd-.noution af 3hoephonitrile cn,~.orjd
(?rx~ trimer or oilli
resorcinol, or hydroquinone 1. The- r-li at a 'algh
reLte in higb-boiling uolvents 71 41
O-ry
niltrogeu., or in inert-
pyridi ne I at
mers )' -_Y7_,eq in
.Y rrlm e-i,. 9 ~ ondi ~ns
g
2'
he
t A
9 fu.:
solublp in aro,rv- !I-,,I ...
vents; they can hp 71ire'. -c
Card 2/3
i:
i Tjj'~, "Mil

ACCESS 1014 'IM - Ar- 5(Y 5',C6
made vith polymers of type 13 exhibit gcxwl -~--h, _:i p 7- r~ r
ticity and adhesion to metals o The po'~~f::-
and glass-relnforr!ed plastics. The
alkoxy, chlorlr,~ Wrms ta
the adheilon an4, pro~er-If--
tion vi'~h eoox-.1
and firt resistance of other polrf- r ~i r7 an
n h po "Y-
mers of type A and B. brig. ~i~. ~ab,,
ASSOCIMION: none
SUMMED: 00 DATE A M ~~u163
SUB CODE: CH 110 REF c"Mr: CO~
Card 3/3
ENCL- 00
O= 00 3
L,R-;AV

ACCESSION NR: AP4041779 S/OF~1/64/000/007/0024/0026
1- AUTHOR: Zhivukhlnt So M#) Kilv"VP Ve Ve
propertles of po,lydi~,i,droi~aryienephosphonltrilates
SOURCE: Plastichesklye massy*, noo,7, 1964, 24-26-
TOPIC TAG$: polydihydroxyaryien'ephosphbnltrilati, phosphonitrile chloride, phenolj..,4,
none, Infrared absorption, thermosetting
diphenytolpropanet-resorcinol, hydroqui
pblymdr',arylenephosphonitrile-
polymer hydrolysis
ABSTRACT: The,authors' Investigatedthe thermosetting and hydrolytic properties
of,
polydihydroxyaryienepho~phonitrilates obtained by the'reaction of the trimer
phosphonitrile chloride with diatomic phenols, such as diphenylolpropane, resorcin-.
o and hydroquinone. The Infrared absorption.spectra are shown and the effects of!
-1 .'hardening on the %C, H and CI-In the,polymer are tabulated. Thermosetting takes I.f
place as a result of the InteraWon of the functional groups of the polymer*ahd,
dependirg on the temperature# the process can be accompanied by a partial poly-
merizatlon.of the trImer rlhgs. H d I Is curves and a study of the Products of
Y;ZMTS
hydrolysis In either 95% dimiethyifo do or 95% acetone at 150 or 55C, respectivej.
I howed that polydlhydroxyaryienephoiphonitrilates have satisfactory hydrolytW
yt s
partial,' r.
'stability. In these polymeri,' o complete substitution of chlorine atIms
AA

ACCESSION NR: AP4041779
f
A
4

i k -
hydroxyl grouis I s loy 00
poss I bol et 'IN Aul a aqd L# T Goresimenko also
by
.
.,
part In the experlmental,work)":: ?rlgo aets''hasi- 341guresi.and 2 tablesq-*'

ASSOCIATION., We

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AP6000996
S-O-U--R-CECO--DB -tTWO~6f -1651006rN-271WWO-66~~!
AVMORS S. mij ii V.; Tllwimi6v V. B
TITLE ~-"-A:~matbod:'for- obtsWag-. Age.vofirI16 ~Lobversllo:: clusa 39, Ito -

ff-i MTN

El
JZA0310=1 ------ ------- --- --
WT
ACC NR: AP6027274 SOURCE CODE: UR/ 0.191 6ii6_6_0 1_0W1_06l-51'_
00118
33
AUTHOR:,, _Qjjgkh1n S.-X.;-K;Lreyev,'N, V.; TikhonoVa,' G. S.
ORG; none.
TITM-TolymersImsed on pho2~honitrile chloridesiand bisphenol ptenoxidesi
SOURCE: Plasticbtskiye massy, no. 8, 1966, 15-18
TOPIC TAGS: pa4mr=-phosphonitrile chbozid*~ bisphenol
phenoxide, reactive polymer A0,LY,07eA_ mtoqr PVTO5709,L)
ABSTRACT: A.study,has been made of the s nthesis of phosphonitrile chloride-,
y
bisphenal phenoxide polymers. This.reaction is of interest because it has thd
following advantages.- it proceeds rapidly at 70-130C in the absence of catalysts
without the liberation of ECL. The products exhibit hi
_2h heat resistancefland contain
reactive phenoxide end groups. The grarting materials were phosphonitrile chloride
trimer 'and/or -phosphonitrile chloride oily oligomers, and Na or K phenoxides of
2,2-bis(p-hydroxylphenyl) propane or of resorcinal. The reactions were conducted in
dehydrated m7xylene, dioxane, or-methyl,ethyl ketone. The procedure is described in
the source. The following riaction '-mechanism is proposed
e
Card li3
TDC: 678,85
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A CC-:~ N R v_-_-_AP6Ol-27-1 9 61-
SOUnk xbffr~diWa oA/do4/074r/0T3
AUTHOR: Zhivukhin, S. M.; Tolstoguzov, V. B Yakobeon, F. I.
ORG: Mbs~' Ihit t; of im.- D 1. Mendeleyev 1b s k o v's k:C~ khimiko-
tekhnologicheskiyJnstitut)
TITLE:. Synthesis of:polydiox~2alenephosphonitrilates
SOURCE: Vysokomolekulyarinyye soyedineniya,,v. 8, no. 4, 1966, 727-731
TOPIC TAGS: phosphonitrilate' eaterification, polyeaterification.
ABSTRACT: ~'Polyester exchange,- rieac tion of hexabutoxytriphosphonitrilate with
diatomic phenols,wei carried out at the molar component ratio from I : 1 to 1 1.5.
The rate.of polyester exchange .:depends on the.concentration of the reaction mixture
and on the type of diatomic phenol. ResorsinAl is somewhat more active in poly-
ester~.exchange. In the case of hydro-quinone, products with hiSher substitution but
lower molecular weight are formed. Products which haves, molecular weight of 3000
"to 10,000 are easily soluble in alcohols and ketones and partially soluble in
7 aromatic and'aliphatic solvents., Orig. art. has: 5 figures and 2 tables. (Based on
authors' abstract] [NT)
SUB'CODE: 11, 07/ .,SUBM DATE:, 09ft~5/ ORIG REF: 003/ OTH REF: 003
Card uDc: 541.6h+678.86

15TIM6'
`ACC_'_~
R.-
04a(W-TAIT~1
6
SOURCE CODE: UR/0080/66/039/001/0234/0237
polymer' - therifiel- tsbility fire:-re I t q 1'~ -- ----
7_ .
K
Polymer' phospho c hen
ABSTRAM a derived nitrile chlorides[and dihydri p olu:--
jrom
have hisEh thermal st~bhityVfire resistante The
17~nd other Tesirable properties'
_;.purpose of. this work was-to-iiiveitigate the reaction between phosphanitrile
A. chloride: trimer and. 2,2-bis-(p,-~.liydroxyplit~nyl)proponep resorcinol and,bydro-
quinone. It was found that:phosphonitrile chloride trimer does not renct with
dihydric phenols below 180C,, 21ther in the melt or in organic solvents. The re-.
action, accompanied by liberation of HCl, takes place at 200C, or above, in nitro. .
benzene or ditolylmetbane# or at lower temperatures in some organic solveats in
the presence 'of quinoline or pyridim The effect of the duration of the reactiop
and.of the ratio and concentration.of starting materials on the composition of
-card 1/2
Amer

ihfrared spectra& ~Origr art# has: 4 figures and I table#
NO
SUB CODB i 11 07 ~~tmm Dm f, 01J616 3/ ORIG REPI 001/ On REVI 006,"
'.,ATD PRES81

31

,J

Ca-.

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JE tj: j !T,

170)
AUTHORSt Genkelt Zhivukhina,, G. M, SOV/20-127-1-6i/65
P. J~ t
.,TITLE$ -The Process ofProtoplaem Isolation as the Second Phase of
-Winter Wheat Hardening (Protsess obosobleniye. prbto~lazmy kak
vtor4a fiza zakalivaniya ozimykh pshenits
PERIODICAL: 'Doklady Akademii.nauk SSSR# 1959, Vol 127, Nr 1, pp 220-223
.(VSSR)::
ABSTRAM The ~plants resistant to frost, are characterized by a period of
long-lasting and:profound rest. The resistance of the tissues
of resting plants is determined on the whole by the conditional
peculiarities of the plasma (Refs.1-3). The lacking of growth
processes (Refs:4-8 for.winter wheat), the reduced metabolisms.
intensity as well as the protoplasm separation are characteristic
of.the period of rest. During,the period of.rest*the content in
growth substances is considerably reduced (Refe'9-12). in plants-
hardened againstfrost and in a state of rest the protoplasm is

3e a
characteri d b higher.viscosity and by~a reduced permeabil-
ity (Refs 18-19~9 :The physiological processes are of little
intensity in winter wheat (Refs 209 21). The state of rest is
of little stability-in winter crops# However, if winter wheat
Card 1/4 is stored during the winter..in a warm room for a few days only#
"t-, A 11 iHf [I

The Process of Protoplasm Isolation as the Second BOY/20-127-1-61/65
Phase of Winter Wheat Hardening
the growth processes start quickly in contrast to ligneous
plants*-The period of rest of the winter crops is very short
because,no profound transformation of the protective-and supply~
substances-takes place in their cells and.because they have no
reserve fat which guarantees astable state of rest (Ref 3).
The transition to the state of rest takes place under the
conditions of temperature and light. 'Under
the same circumstances the hardening of the plants again-st.low
temperature takes place. Thus the transition to the period of
rest and, the hardening.occur during the same period in the life
of plants,~and both reflect the same processes during the course
of which the plants attain the resistance to frost. The
hardening is attained in two stages: 1) accumulation of
2) chan'ge of the physico-chemical
Protoplasm
properties (Ref 2). In the present.paper the cyto-physiological,
state of the winter wheat was investigated. The observations of
~the authors confirmed that the Protoplasm becomes poeled off
~from the call-coverings'in the late autumn- and winter period..
The degree of the state of rest differs in the individual
Card 2/4 organs of the winter wheat. The state of rest of the leaves
77-1

The Process of Protoplasm,loolation.as the Second BOV/20-127-1-61/65
'Phase of Winter Wheat Hardening~
is not long,.The protoplasm is partly detached only,in a few
epidermic.-colls. In'autumn and winterl a concave plasmolysis
is PTedominant.'At the turn of the year many damaged and,dead
cells appear..The most complete rest (according to the number
of calla with separated protoplasm)l and the most stable
(according to the 1eng1th of separation) were found in the
growth cone and in the tEllaring knots (Fig 1). The observations
of the authors showedt 1) that the protoplasm aeparation from
the aell walls begins after the first stage.of the hardening,
that is the accumulation of the soluble carbohydrates in the
cells, and 2) that this separation,begine at slight frost.
In other wordat the conditions of the separation pTooess of
the protoplasm are exactly the.came'as those at which the
second stage of hardening of the winter crops ka attained
which is connectedwith the physico-chemical changes of the
rd
Ca 3/4

wk
(m)/EPA(w) -3P(t)/EWP(k)
"M AFRO/Ew -2/T/E'
PM~ETC/EWG
ACC MR, TYk5-655 UR/00801 38/010/2222/2226
:YG/AT/WH
537.363-f-546 61+546.831
AUTHOR.- Y$~~~'7 YeVile'n'~o, T6 It.; Zhivulina, L. I.Ak
TITLE: Preparation of thin'zirconium a ors by electropitothsis
-carbide 1 '4
n'
OURCEi- Zhui-hal prikladn y ~hizii, v..38. no. 10, 1965* 2222-2226
0
OPIC:TAGS:-,, zirconium carbi a. ref ractory coatin
udy, lat d to'b the first of its kind, has been made of deposit
AiSTMd: 4-st c me e --A .in&
thin (80-1000 ZrC layers on metallic substrates by electrophoresis f a ZrC suspen-
sion in alcohol. Two problem were studiedt 1) prepa ation of table ZrC suspensions;
land 2) establishment of the optimum depositing conditions. Study of the stability of
o
r
ganic ZrC suspensions resulted in the selection of ethyl alcohol as the dispersive,
medium and in the addition of 0.5% solution Of HFC14 in absolute ethyl alcohol as
generator of the electric charge on the particle surface. Suspensions of the foLlowitg'
..-composition were selected for the experiments, absolute alcohol, 80 ml; ZrC powder
with 2-5 v particle size,'20 g; 0.5% HFC14 solution in absolute alcohol, 03-2 MI.
.-,,Experimental study of electrophoiesis resulted In the determination of the dependence
Of the coating thickneeseand toiting density on time, the electrokinetic., potential
of the partielas~.and cell potentials From these data curves were plotted which
made it poasiblii to select conditions for depositing ArC coatings of the desired
uality. Orig. art. h&6.4, 8 figures. (B01
1, 4
U At

ACC N~,
IP5025655
ASSOCIATIM none
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