SCIENTIFIC ABSTRACT BELASHCHENKO, D. K. - BELAVENTSEV, N. V.

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: Scientific Abstracts
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP86-00513R000204220011-9
• Release Decision: RIF
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 100
• Document Creation Date: November 2, 2016
• Document Release Date: June 6, 2000
• Sequence Number: 11
• Publication Date: December 31, 1967
• Content Type: SCIENCEAB

S/148/61/000/011/008/018
A study of ....
where a is the thermodynamic activity of the alloying
additions (which in very dilute solutions in equal
to thealloying-addition concentration),
e is the electron charge,
zx is the effective charge of the alloying addition, and
E is the electric-field strength.
The tangent of the angle of slope of the lnI f(x) is given
by.
d In I d In C 'eZ xF,
tg a =- - = - = t
dx dx kT
whence:
t g a - Wr
z
eE
Card 3/v q

S/148/61/ooo/on/ooB/oA
A study of EIL93/E383
The time, t , required for the establishment of steady
conditions, was calculateg from:
t (4)
2D
x being V2 , where t is the specimen length. The effective
charge, Zx, of Ag 110 determined in this manner from results
obtained on specimens contained in capillaries of various
diameters, was practically independent of the capillary
diameter,
whbh proved that ZK was not affected by any surface phenomena.
Since Pikus and Fiks (Refo 7: Fizika tverd. tela,
1959, v.1, no.'7), had shown that the scattering of electrons
on capillary walls gave rise to electroconvection diffusion,
the present authors studied the effect of the variation in the
current density on the apparent charge, ZK of
6o KWK
CO in Sn at 350 OC. It was found that the current density
Card 4/0 q

s/148/61/ooo/oll/ooB/oA
A study of .... E193/E383
(E2 x lolo) increasing from 0.22 - 79.2, z x decreased
KCI%
from -6.3 to -0-76, the e/Z1K*44W vatlo Increasing from 1 to
8.3. This effect was attributed to the fact that electro-
convection taking place at high current densities reduced the
concentration gradient and brought about wdecrease in the
electric-transport effect. In this case, the electric transport
flux~was equal to the counter current flux due to diffusion and
electro-09 nvection. Starting from these premises and from the
t 0 2
fact that/ Z'/Z',,., = f (E relationship plotted in
Fig. 1 is a straight line the present authors derived a V/
formula:
10-11 X2)2
tg a- = (l - 0 ( ~d (8)
0.48D Sn' DCo in Sn
Card 51*pq

S/148/ft/ooo/oli/oWolB
A study of E193/9383
where a is the angle of slope of the graph in Figs 1,
DS, and DCo in Sn are diffusion coefficients of Sn
and Co in Sn,
9 is the portion of electrons mirror-wise
reflected from the boundary,
n in the electron density,,
d the capillary diameter,
% free electron path, and
I viscosity*.
Taking c = 0, n = 1.43 X.' 10 2~cdK3 , DS, and DCo in Sn 1:zo
I-"%- I x 10-5 CM2 /see , the present authors calculated from
formula (8)-that the free electron path in molten Sn was
X = 2o2 x'10-7 cm. In the next series of experiments the charge
of a mixture of SJ13-123 isotopes in molten Pb and T1 was
Card 6/0167

S/148/61/000/011/008/oia
A Study Of
determined at 350 and 450 OC. The results indicated that
e was independent of temperature* The results of the next
series of experiments are given in a table, where the effective
and real charges (ZX and 3e , respectively) of As 110
198 AET
and AS in various metals of the fifth and sixth periods are
given. The difference between charges of AS and Au in metals
of the fifth and sixth periods cannot, in the opinion of the
present authors, be explained in terms of an energy-band model.
It is more likely that the effects observed are associated
with I*calized interaction between the impurity (Au, AS) and
the solvent metal. This view is supported by consideration of
the constitution diagrams of systems formed by Au and AS with the
metals of the 5th and 6th periods. The diagrams of systems
comprising Au or Cu on the one side, and Cd, In or Sn on the
other, are characterised by the presence of electron compounds
and intermediate phases; those formed by Au or AS with Te,
Pb or Bi are mainly of the eutectic type. It is known that the
formation of a eutectic is associated with a positive value of
Card 7/ $7 q

s/l48/6i/ooo/on/oo8/oi8
A study of .... E193/9383
the solution energy:
C = C I + C
AB - (CAA BB
2
It would appear that there is a direct relationship between the
sign of e and the charge of Ag and Cu in a solution. The -
results of the present investigation indicate that the decreas 'e
in the charge of Au and AS is associated with the decrease in c
Abnormally high values of Z X of Au and AS in mercury are
probably associated with the specific behaviour of mercury in
contact with impurities. It is known that the electrical
resistivity of mercury is decreased by the addition of other
metals and this effect has been attributed (Ref. 6:
P. Mangelsdorf - Journ. of Chem. Phys., 1960, v-33, no. 4, 1151)
to. localized crystallization of mercury around the impurity
atoms which can also explain the increased value of V~ of
Au and Acr in mercuryoThere are 2 figures, I table and 10 refer-
ene *9 , r Soviet-bloc and 6 non-Soviet-bloc. The English-language
references read as follows: Ref.3: N.F.Mott, Proc.Cambridge Phil.
Card 8/4D

A study of s-/aj48/61/000/011/008/018
Big,-303.83-
Soc., 1936, 32, 281; Ref.6: P. Mangeladorf, Jourrk
of~,Chem.Phjs.,V,
1960, v-33, no.4, 1151; Ref.10: 1. Friedeil., 1,954,
ASSOCIATIONt Moskovskiy institut stali (Moscow Steel InstitiLtq)
SUBMITTED: April 27, 1961
Fig.12

4
4

-

Card 914W

BELASHCHEMO, D.K,
Regularjtieo of eleotron transfer in liquid binary metal
alloys.
Izv.vyo,ucheb.zav*; obern.met. 4 no.9:5-22 161. (MM 14:10)
1. Moakdvakiy institut stali.
Alloys-Electric properties)

tEIASHCHWO 9 D. K.
Electric transfer in diluted meta.1lic solutions,
Zhurofizo
khim, 35 no.8:i875.-2876 Ag 161. (MIRA 1488)
1. Moskovskiy institut, stali-
(Alloys-Electric properties)

2 68
S 076 61/05/009/003/015
a 41 70 0 (/1:3 7, 13 1, 04 BIOI/B110
ALITHORSs Belaahchenko, D. K., and Zhukhovitskiy, A. A.
TITLEj Theory of ele*ctrio transport
PERIODICALt Zhurnal fizichesko~y khimii, v. 35, no. 9, 1961, 1921 1926
TEXTs The authors theoretically studied the electric trans-port in a
metallic two-component system. (I) They proceed from Onsager's method
and writet J L11x III + L12x2+ L13x3; J2 o 121X1 + L 22X2 + L23X31
j3 L31xI + L 32 x2+ L33x 3 (1), where X are defined by:
Ot
XI':
W el
ds
d do
y. ~_ e3 -.&.,
ds dz
is the current of ions of the first type, J 2 of the second type, J 3
Card 1/7

B/02770601/03 5/009/003/015
Theory of electric transport B101/B110
is the curr.ent-of.clectrons, el, e2p 03are the corresponding
charges, y
is the elaotrio potential, and Plt p2, 1P3-are the chemical
potentialq.
e3 Constant temperature Is assumed. For the electric neutrality,
it is written downs e i + e i + e j - I (3)t where I is the
external
1 1 2 2 3 3
current. Substitution of Eq. (1) and (2) in (3) gives%
his + esis) (4)
where I e IL11 + 02L 21 + 03L31; 12 cIL12 + e21,22 + e3L32;
3 e,L1, + 62L23 + '3L 33 (1 5). For the electric conductanceK, it is
written dovni e I + e 1 +,a I a W I the ionic mobility u I
1 1 2 2 3 3
'whereo is the concentration of the respective ion in cm-3. The
moving
force for the transport of components is, at first, not assumed to
be the
gradient of the chemical potential of atoms; there are two other
caust-si
Ahe gradient of the chemical potential of ions, and the gradient of
the
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27650
B/07 61/035/009/003/015
Theory of electric transport B101YB110
electrio potential. The case J + j2 0 is studied. For the chemical
14~ N
potentials p, and of atoms, it is written down:
Pi ILI + sips -.PI -pp, P1
(7)
112 118 + PIL-03 At 4119
where z1and z2 are the Ionia charges. Substitution of Eq. (7) in the
Gibbs-Duheq equation a djj/dx + a d */dx 0 gives:
1 2
Uri dP2 dt
(C + 0 e (8). From these ansatzes, the authors
ITT + '~ -dx dx 1'1 2 d 1
derive the fundamental equation for the electric transports I i
01 d 1* 7
L (1 + -) (15), and considering that I C 111; Ibc -E
11 02 dx
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Tt,,eory of electric transport
2768o
S/076/61/035/009/003/015
B101/B110
c1 dillA
(E field intensity) they obtains c u E - J11 - L11(1 +r)
=(15a)-
1 1 - 2&x
For B - 0, D * L (I + c,/c,)dpO'/dcj (16) and J, - c u E-
Ddcl/dx (16a).
(17).
With J1 " J2 - 0, CIUIE - L11(i + 01 2)d dz If there were
;no
interaction between the motion of ions and electrons, the
following would
holds L C L11, and L11 = U,IC /(e, " ed (18). With
interaction
13 1
between ions and electrons's however, the behavior of the
components Is
no longer determined by their charge alone. The "effective
charge" ex
is defined bys alnei
tit ei. 20-j U 9)
Substitution of Eq. (19) in (16a) givess
J,.ftDed-' B-Ddct (20)
d1sal
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2" 6 0
s/e76/61/035/009/003/015
Theory of electric transport B101/B110
and for J Ot d1na /dx - ehE/kT (21). From Eq. (19), (16), (15),
1 1 r 4
and 1 + 1~ - 0, it followst L L L /e e el~) - (e e
1 4 13 23 - 11 3 ~( 1 2 1
(22). Further, c1eI + c 2a2. 0 (23). If there is a concentration
gradient and diffusion, an additional diffusion emf is formed at the
ends of the specimens. For 1 0,
d ~L . D de, (I +.L' (27)-
(II) The steady dintribution of conoontrations in the electric field is
calculated by the Thomson-Eastman method. Two adjacent cross sections
-Tith the concentrationa c and a + do are studied. An ion with the
charge e1is to be transported in the direction of the electric field
1;'
an ion ivith thc char,(.- e2in the opposite direction. Then,
2!~L' dc, TdSu 0. (28)
dej
Gnrd 5/7

Sp68
07 61/035/0c.9/003/015
of electric tranaport B1017131 10
e5r, is the "transport entropy". Further,
41 dCj d " dco'-
Z US, 0. (29)
V
4r$

d,,ss
Thc z;~Ahorq

over to

the potentials of atoms, and obtain:

+ dp*l dE
+ (e, - ef) r) dcl - TdS..
R

Thc "transpor't he
3t" TdS
cons is ts of two componcnts; (a) Due
to a

chnne,.: of the chemical potential of electrons along the apeeim

c:n,
the

folloy.4noz .cork -4a

done:
*(a, - e )d'~ (b) the ionic transpor

2
t ,n,- the
Oectr3n current
perform
the work (0V ec)Edx. Hence,
1 2

I
dK

t A)W
dl Edx.
1 dc, (e, - et) dt + (e;
+ (el e2) 2
(30),

.

and

+

B *
dx
(31) .
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Theory of electric transport
27680
S/07 61/035/009/003/015
3101YB110
Substitution of Eq. (23) in Eq. (31) gives Eq. (21) derived
according
to Onsager. Conclusions The effect of the electric transport
acting
in the direction of the electric field and in opposite
direction does
not only depend on the charges of the ionic components but
also on their
interaction with the current of conduction electrons. papers by
S. I. Drakin (Zh. fiz. khimii, 27, 129, 1955) and B.
Baranovski (Roczn.
Chem., 22, 129, 1955) are mentioned. There are 8 references, 5
Soviet-
bloc and 3 non-Soviet-bloo.
ASSOCIATIONi Moskovskiy institut stali (Moscow Steel Institute)
SUBMITTED: May 25, 1959
Card 7/7

BELASHCHENKOl D*K#; BOKSHTMI B.S. (Ho3cow)
2heory of electrical transport. Multicomponent metallic
systems.
Part" 2.~ -2hur.fi. Mix& 35 -- 00.10:2228-2233 0 '61- (MIRA
14: 11)
2*
(Electrochemistry) (Systems (Chemistry))

35222
s/i48/62/000/001/007/015
floo E039/E420
AUTHORS: Belashchanico D.1 ., Grigorlyev, G.A.
TITLE: The clectromigration of admixtures o, -f thallium and
cobalt in liquid metal solutions
PERIODICAL: Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedeniy.
Chernaya metallurgiya, no.1, 1962, 124-130
IE'XT: The electromigration method has been used previously in
the investigation of the properties of metallic alloys and the
nature of the interaction between their components. Alloys of
the metals Cd, Sn, Fb, Bi, etc have been examined, and also with
admixtures of AS and Au. A relation was obtained giving the
effective charge of any component in binary dilute solutions.
This relation was shown to be valid for the non-transition metals
of the middle of the periodic system. A modified form of this
-relation is also valid for dilute solutions of Cd, Sn, Pb, Bi
in each other but not for admixtures AS and Au in Cd, Tl, Sn,'Pb
and Bi. AS and Au form intermetallic systems with metals of the
5th group (Cd, In, Sn) but form eutectics with metals of the
6th group (Pb, Tl, Bi). It is of interest to examine the
behaviour of transition and.anomalous metals in solution and in
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The-electromigration ...
s/148/62/000/001/007/015
E039/F,420
this paper is investigated the behaviour of admixtures of TI
and
Co in metals of-the 5th and 6t1i groups by means of
electromigration.
Thallium has a number of anomalous physical and chemical.
properties; although it is in the 3rd group of the periodio
tablo
its chemical properties are similar to the alkali metals.
Cobalt
was chosen because it dissolves sufficiently well in easily
Melted
metals. The electromigration was performed"in thin-walled glass
capillary tubes '( - 1 mm diameter, 40 mm lonS) with molybdenum
electrodes at the ends. The:samples were maintained at 3500C
and
a constant curr'ent of 1.0 to 1.5 A passed through thein until
equilibrium was achieved (10 days). The distribution of the
admixture in the sample was then fixed by rapidly cooling in
oil.
It was then cut into short lengths and analysed radiometrical -
This was done by using the radioactive isotopes T12011 and
Coig in
the admixture, Values of the effective charge on the admixture
of TI and Co were determined by the equation
d Ina eEZ'
~;-- kT
(3)
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The clectro-nigration ... E039/r..420
i-.here c is concentration of the admixture and is
proportional to
the specific radioactivity of the sections of sample;
x is length coordinate; B the strength of the electric field;
e is charge of the electron; k is the Boltzman constant and
T the temperature. The following values were found, using
Eq.(3):
5th group 6th group
Cd In Sn Pb Bi
z Thallium -2.1 -1,5 -1.3 +0.11 .+0.2
z Cobalt -22 -12 -6.o ~_ll -1.2
The interactions in these solutions are discussed in detail
and
it is shoi%m that the transition and non-transition metals
can be
described using one relation. The development of the ideas in
this paper are largely based on assumptions and further work
is
necessary to confirm them, particularly on electronigration
of the
transition metals and other properties of solutions.
There are'2 figures and 1 table.
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The electromigration ... E039/E420
ASSOCIATION: 1Xoskovskiy inatitut stali (~Ioscojr Steel
Institute)
SUBMITTED; October 17, 1961
y
Card 4/4

~9068
S/148/62/000/005/005/009
E202/E492
AUTHOR: Bolashchenko, D.K.
TITLE: Electrophoresis in liquid binary alloys and its
connection with electrical resistance
PERIODICAL: Izvestiya vyashikh uchabrykh zavedeniy. Chernaya
metAllurgiya, no.5, 1962, 120-130
TEXT: Earlier work (Izv. VUZ Chernaya Tpetallurgiya., no.91 1961)
on the electrophorosis of components in ihe liquid alloys of the
Cd-Sn system is extIended to Cd-Pb system and attempts are made to
find what4er this kind of electrophoresis is a "structurally
sensitive" property. The latter problem is studied an the
,)-Sn(.r,) system. A capillary method was usbd of which
Au(f
details were given by the present author and G.A.Grigorlyev
(Izv. VUZ. Chernaya metallurgiya, no.11, 1961). In the case of
Cd-Pb, 1 mm, inner diameter molybdenum glass capillary.was filled
under vacuo with approximately eutectic composition , -
the thread being approximately 40 mm. The experiments were
conducted in a vertical tube furnace at 350*C. The specimens were-
kept under 1 A current for 10 days to reach 'the stationary state,
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19068
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Electrophoresis in liquid ... E202/E492
the heavier (Pb) migrating downwards. Finally, the column of
metal was divided into 3 mm long cylinders and analysed by
distilling the Cd off. The concentrations were evaluated in
terms of the respective activities-and the charge zN of Pb
was calculated from
x
d In aPb OEZPb (4)
dx kT
where x is the coordinate of length, e the electron charge,
E field potential at a given cross-section, k Boltzmann
constant and T absolute temperature. Two identical samples
were studied and the'results plotted. The effective charges of
lead in the above alloys were found to be
atomic fraction
of Pb 0.2 0-3 o.4 o.5 o.6 0.7 0.8
ZxPb
(effective tharge)-2.23 -1.66 -1.29 -o.88 -0-72 -o.48 -0.25
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39M
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Blectrophoresis in liquid ... E202/E492
The results confirmed that electrophoresis in simple eutectic
systems having approximately linear distribution of the electric
resistance isotherms is determined (to the J".r-.t order of
approximation) only by the Group Number of 1w Periodic Table
and depends very little on the individual ios..Lc properties.
The system Au(L)-Sn(&) was studied in a similar fashion but with
suitably adjusted working parameters. The gravimetric analysis
in this case was by means of,cupellation which lowered
inevitably the overall accuracy (the total error in the zM(Au)
determination was approximately 30*50, It was concluded that the
effects of the electrophoresis in the Au-Sn system were
considerably weaker than in the Cd-Pb system. *Finally, general
relations between electrical conductivity and electrophoresis
were
developed on the basis of the diffusion 'cross-section obtaizied
during electrophoresis, the conditions imposed by fully
degenerated
electron gas and the spherical symmetry of the Fermi surface.
The electroconductivities obtained from the above were compared
with those measured in liquid alloys showing (with some notable
exception*) close agreement, proving thereby that the relations
of
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39068
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Electrophoresis in liquid E202/E492
diffusion cross-sections of the conductivity electrons on ions of
the components are similar in both the electroconducting and
electrophorotic phenomena. Detailed studies on K-Na system at
1OO*C, based largely on available data (S.I.Drakin, A.K.Malltsev.
ZhFKh, 31, no.9, 1957, 2036-2040) showed similarities to the solid
solution systems, the most characteristic phenomenon-being the...
presence of the residual resistivity due to the additional
diffusion. Although a number of relations were established
they were,considered to be very approximate, being based on a
very simplified model of the electrons-ions interaction in a
liquid alloy. There are 6 figures and 2 tables.
ASSOCIATION: Moskovskiy institut stali
(Moscow Steel Institute)
SUBMITTED: October 26, 1961
Card 4/4

S/148/62/000/007/003/005
E193/E383
AUT11OMS: Gri-orlyev, G.A. and BolgahrJinnho. D,1~.-
IL? - -
TITLE: Electrotransport of nickel additions in molten
metals
PERIODICAL: Izvestiya vysshlkh uchebny1ch Xavedeniy, Chornaya
netallurgiya, no.,7, 1962, 137 - 139
Tl-=: In continuation of thoir earlier Nfork (Izv. vuzov
Chernnya s-.3otallurgiya, no. 1, 11.962) the -authors determined
the
effectivc*char-cs of Ni ions i2i molton Cd, In, Sn and Bi by
studyint the clectrotrnnsport of Ni in these metals. Zho
e.x-perimental technique consisto~ briofly-of the following-: a
DC of 1 A was passed throu&h the experimental alloy containina
63
up to 0.10,; Ni 6 placed in evacuated capillaries and held for
10 days at 350 C, this period of time bein.- sufficient to '
attain stendy conditions; aftor anch test the distribution of
nicl4col-concentrntion in the alloy was determined by measurin&
the radioactivity of salts obtained aftor dissolvin.- samplos of
the alloy taken from various portions of solidified specimens.
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Electrotransport of .... E193/E383
The results can be summarized as follows: 1) tho effective
-V
charZe Z' of nickel in all the metals studied is negative
Ni
(i.e. the Ni migrates towards the anode). 2) is a
tile 1) A~113.
ofrv.,ip wi I or of
hyperbolic function / o soivent metal, its wilues,in Cd, In,
Sn and Bi being -3.5, 4.7, -2.8 and -0.7, respectively.
3) The /z' ratio corresponds qualitatively to the r;.,.io
Co Ni
of the number of unfilled states in the third shol1r, of these
elements. The high values of offectivo chargos of Co and IN'i
are associated with increased scatterin- of the conduction
electrons on unfilled states. Thero are 1 fifruro and 1 table.
ASSOCIX.PION: MoskovzIUy institut stali i splavov (I-Ioscow
Institute of Steals and Alloys)
SUBM ITT ED: March 22, 1962
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S/18IJ62/004/007/005/037
B102/B104
AUTHORSt Bokshteyn, B. S., and Zhukhovitakiyt A.i.
TITLE: Surface diffusion study in powders by the method of the
electro-
diffusion potential
PERIODICAL3 Fizika tverdogo tela, v. 4, no- 7, 19620 1728 - 1754*
TFXT: (hving to the smallness of the diffusion current it is
difficult
to study surface diffusion experimentally. A new and simpler,method
is
sugrested, based on electric measurements. The activqtion energy of
surface
diffusion.can be determined from the temperature dependence of the
electr 8- - -~
diffusion potential. This potential was measuredr in the range 210
- 310 Ot
for diffusion of tin into pressed nickel powder. That substance and
temperature interval were chosen because the volume diffusion
coefficient
for them is less than 10-20 Om,2/sec, so that virtually no 'tin
penetrates
into the Ni grain volume. The mean grain size was 10-2cm, The grains
were porous (10-volume pore size 10-5 cm), the pressed samples
(cylinders
of 10 mm diameter and 5 mm height) having porosity*of about 45%. The
C~rd 1/3

S/181/62/004/007/005/037
Surface diffusion study ... B102/B104
0
measureir-ents were made at M, 240, 270~and 310 C.. Temperature
dependence'
of the electrodiffusion potential, that of the diffusion coeffi4ent
and;
the dependence of the iSn concentration on the penetration deptht'are
given
graphically and numerically. The activation energy of the Sn surface
diffusion was Q-12,000 cal/g-at, the range of error around ontrol
meausrements viere carried out with radibactive isotopes (3 ~W712s).
The
n
initial activity of the tin foil was 50;000 Pulees/min, the
penetration
-into the grain volume determined from the activity wa
depth s about 1
1-4 - 11,000 cal/g-at. The penetration depth, x, is pro2ortional to
(where D is the diffusion,coofficient).,and , if x