SCIENTIFIC ABSTRACT BELYAYEV, A. F.

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CREST [1]

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Scientific Abstracts [2]

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CIA-RDP86-00513R000204610003-5

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RIFPUB

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100

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January 4, 2017

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3

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Publication Date:

December 31, 1967

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SCIENCEAB

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"APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 06/08/2000 [Acc sszo " powder at pressures shave 10 acm is a heteroseneous process, in the! initial .stage, a dispersed system of gas.eou~ decomposition products and solid particles .is gormed;'.in a later stage, . exothe~mic reactions of the gaseous products take place on the surface ofI the glowing solid particles, which accelerate ~he reac~ton~ o� the gaseous products, and this stage becomes (he-controlling ~actor for Ch~ b~rning velocity. of ~he expl0s!ve.. Expeviments were also carried ou~ ~ith the burning of other explosives (~r?tyl, hexogen, and a mixture .of t~otyl ~lth ammonium nitrate) containing 3~61 charcoal. These ,experiments also confirmed that the presence 'of charcoal acceleratos the burning of explosives, o~ing to the formation of a dispersed system ("smoke") with gloving solid part'lCles.. Origo-art, has, I figure A$$0CIATION~ Institut khimiCl~esk0y �1ziki lkade'mii hauk SSSR tu~e of Chemical Physice~' 'Acaclemy Of Sciences SSSR) ': i~SUBHITTED, lgFeb6& ./. ATD PRI[SS~ .3062 ENCL~ 01 'i'SUB' CODSs FP~ WA '.'NO REF. I~OV, 006 � OTHER~ 002 CIA-RDP86-00513R000204610003-5 APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 06/08/2000 CIA-RDP86-00513R000204610003-5" "APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 06/08/2000 CTA-RDP86-00513R000204610003-5 ! : AC~'~88Z�II IlRI AP4042207 _1 I.[ I I ]LI, L~J~. J~lll,t'l'l III ~1 IIIJ � . P ---~- . 1. Dependen ce: -u E:-bUra Lng ve~' locity on pressure . 3'- ~KTH.+ charcoal~,.. ,.: .~ ... APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 06/08/2000 CTA-RDP86-00513R000204610003-5" "APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 06/08/2000 CTA-RDP86-00513R000204610003-5 "Card � ACCESSION NR: AP4033397 $/0076/64/038/003/05?9/0582' TITLe.: Realization of detonation condztzons~for black poWder SOUlq, CE: Zhurnal fiziche.skoy-khim/ii,'v~ 38, no. 3, 1964, 579-582 TOPIC TAGS: black pow'der, detonation, Steady state detonation, critical dia- meter, combusti'on r a t e � no,Steady state convective burning, explosive ABSTRACT:Conditions.for the stead~"State detonation of black powder have been realized for the first'time. 'Since the critiCal, diameter of black powder is large andits rate of combustion at high pressures is relatively low, it is ~mDos~ible, to cause detonation with a capsule, detonator or with a detonating fuse passed through the powder. Detonation of considerable masses of loose black powder requi.res an intermediate detonator of large weight, e. g. ,a char~ of finel.y ground !ow-density (0.6-'0o7 gm/Cc) trinitrotoluene. The deWnation races of APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 06/08/2000 CTA-RDP86-00513R000204610003-5" "APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 06/08/2000 ,, i !i ACCESSION l'il,.. A.p.a.G~33~7" CIA-RDP86-00513R000204610003-5 black poWder and ammoniuTM nitrate Were bLackpowdero� di�/erenc derastries (0.9 and 1.1 gm./�C),when the diame.ter of the charge was greater than critical, the rate of detonation increased almost linea ly with density.. 'l~e value of about 400 m/sec ~iven earl . Vzrv*vchatv,e vesh~. ....... .. _ . . ., ter (G. Kast, � of clecona~tonal c~2~.?~v~a~4~s, re_~s~,v~.[vo, splameneniy;, 1932) for the rate - --,,,-,=,o,.,,,, u~ o~ac~ powder is app~rencl�"chac �or non a~eady s~a~e convective, burning, AS, SOCIATION: ' Akademiya nauk SSSR'~. InsCicuc khlmicheskoy ~iziki. ~Acader~y ��-$cl~ncea..S$Sl~-,'.Ins~i~ute of 'Chemical Phyeica) SU BHITT~.D: 29Dec62 '.-' ":.. '-: ATD PRESS: .3057 ENCL-.. O0 SUg CODE., z ...'" NO RIfF SOV:' 008 OTHER: similar. In experiments run with 000 APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 06/08/2000 CIA-RDP86-00513R000204610003-5" "APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 06/08/2000 C1'A-RDP86-00513R000204610003-5 APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 06/08/2000 C1'A-RDP86-00513R000204610003-5" "APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 06/08/2000 Cl'A-RDP86-00513R000204610003-5 BELOGUROV, Yu.A.; ..~BE~_YAYEV, ~.F.~ VISE~'fSKIY, P.; ZAKP~P~V~ V.N.~ KAG~ER, M.~ ~.~ARGOLIM, L.M.~ PASHKOV~ YuoS.; POEYAKOYA~ Ye.A. SMIRNOVA, S.I. In the Main Administration of the t~rometeorolo~ical Service. Meteor. i gtdrol, no.6:~ Je '6~ (~SRA 17:8) In tho institutions of the Hydrameteorological Service. Ibid.: 63. Meetings, confer~ces~ seminars. Ibid.:63-64 Abroad. Ibid.:64. APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 06/08/2000 Cl'A-RDP86-00513R000204610003-5" "APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 06/08/2000 Cl'A-RDP86-00513R000204610003-5 APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 06/08/2000 Cl'A-RDP86-00513R000204610003-5" "APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 06/08/2000 C1'A-RDP86-00513R000204610003-5 .......... . . ~.:; ~ 7678-(:~ EPA/~(m)/D~p(ell~nnl~,,mr,~,,l~,nc~,~/,,,,.,,,, ...... , ~6~{~F~026023 ' ~ SO,CE CODE. ~7040~/65/000/00i/~25/0030 u. ~%.,%nosc~)~ ~arf~ffov~ A. K. ~: none , S05~OE: Nauchno-%ekhnicheskiye P~oble~ go~eni~ i TOPIO TA~: p~opellan% solid b~ng velocity - ~/9~/~ propellan% A~CT: ~ re~tionship be~een ~e ~rn~g velocity (u) and presses (p) of ~co~ite propel~n~ has ~en studied at su~tg~c presses, A~oni~ ~X perchlorate-~yls~ po~ssl~ perchlorateZtro~yl~oni~ perc~a~asphalt~ a~onium Pe~'chlorate-~raf~aldeh~es ~ndTa~oni~ ~rchlorate-polyst~ene were ~o~ to 20 to 40 ~ and ~te~ive~ ~ ~d c~pact~ to 98% of the ~um de~i~. Although the pro~llants had different fuelss oxidizerss polar b~ders, ~e u-~-p re~tionshl~ were linear. Therefores it appes~s that s~te~ ~hich cdn~in s~ciently f~e componen~ a~ a fuel which can be Card 1/2 APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 06/08/2000 C1'A-RDP86-00513R000204610003-5" "APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 06/08/2000 Cl'A-RDP86-00513R000204610003-5 L 7'~78-66 ACC ~R: AP502602~ s ~erie Rres~eo ~e ~er~en~l res~ ~et,her gas~ied ~ dec~p~iti~ ~olysie, ~ e~p�rati�n' give l~ear u-~-P ' ' ress~es, obeyed ...... ~s at su~tmo P. ~-.~.ies at ~gher P .... ~ ~l~.pre~s~e with an e~i~u-/-.~.. +.~. foli~zng ~u~ .~_o . (D = 1)$ 2) the pre~OUe~ i~ica~ ~"'~ ~"l~ne ~lam~ fret up to about 2 atto me front with a nonlinear re,On charac~rized ~ a . ~- a mult~la - ~ ~ ~b.nres~'e regi~ r ~ . .~l~_tionsnlp ~ ' ~---+ but with a i~-~__ c~rac~r~%% ~ arm; an~ ~ a ~.~-- along the 1~--2~ %o 1~~ . of fl~eS, which propagate Mul%~me f~n~ consiu%..__~ t=o ~%- has: 6 fig~es: into'~e pro~a~,,-. ~ ~ bo~aries --,- ~. ~G R~: 009/ 0~{ Card 2/2 APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 06/08/2000 CTA-RDP86-00513R000204610003-5" "APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 06/08/2000 C:IA-RDP86-005::L3R0002046::L0003-5 *~*?'"' .... "-~" ' .... '�' 'l;" :Y/- ' -:. ; : ..." ,-i:. "'" 'i' ' .'-'Y ":- 7'.' :.';-Z . I,":~703~:; - . ::'~: ---' ',:::::' :' .. '::'::!;': ,._..V.!~::':::--':-.- ...... ' i ';~' i~'':'::'':~-:':- ,,.~:.:,:::.:...:~;~_.;..~.::.;i-':':'::..::':'.'. ' '- _: - '-: � '. ....: : :~: ,~o~ .... "' -'-' ~'" ..i~' - -' -' ' ~ i - il $OU~CI~: ~hur~al'ii%lchemi~y khimii, v. 3~, co, 2, 1~65, b~-536 I ' ' i'i TOPIC'~(;S: explosive ~heory, e--'rPlosive �oembuati~u, -' ,'l co~us~iou dieter, nt~o derivative "-.. . . !-'-I -" ':'::-- ...... : '". .... :-: "' '-,::':':-:':-::,': '!~ : . ....... ..... ' - - '' t .... --' _j' his ra U - tek~niches~Bo uchili~h~a (~ic~l Faculty o~..the } he 8pent app~ox~ate!y ~ ~ar at .the Yhysicai Chemiat~y In~titut~ :;L~ ::tt~-: %.:: - ': ']-.:--:-:- :-::::: :::d=:::- :--'~:..>-: "' :-:---~.-::' APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 06/08/2000 CIA-RDP86-00513R000204610003-5" "APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 06/08/2000 C1'A-RDP86-00513R000204610003-5 .' f_i~g the 3~ years_ of his ~cfent'tffC C~reek').-K._ K._-~dreyav, publish~ s~f:i~' I50 ' ~ Re- ~t'udied extensively the c~bUsti0n 7o~. e~iostves, and the kinetics and ;of-their ~he~l deCo~osition;_ ~be ~rans~tion 0f comb~tton ~o e~losio, n a~d _ .{ t0nation; ~he detonation capability of explosives, and powders; their ~en~iti-v[ty i mechaalcal int~rac~ions around' the-maii~- -Point-;': th~'-~th~o~y-�f-'C~b~-tion of:-e~-plosiven ~'to studyi more ti, ah' 30 Y;ars '~g0, the co s. He yas 'the first ~bustion of s~coudary p~los v=~ in thirties and forties he designed now ~miverzally accepted inctruments fo~: the study, at nonstant plessure, of-~he combustion'of e~lOsives. He establ;',shed ferences in the combustion capability of 'various e~lostves and proposed, as a I criterion,-the critical combustion diameter' -He io~ulated qualitativelY, ~he'con of igni[abilityof e~losiVes ang:-Soon, discovered ~he paralte!ism b!:~a~, the i igvltabii!ty and c~bustton-espablltty,- ~e ~as one of ~ha first [o ~tug:, th~ ]transition froa combus~i~n to expl.osion.'a~erimentally, In the mifl-fortl.es h:. i Observed'the ~elf-agttation durin~ ~h~"c, vmb~r~o-~ 14~,,4~ ~--, ~- =.~, Wa~cn .aa ~yen ~ryaic~e~it~eoretiealty h. D+--~ndau.. In contradistinction n~erOus researchers a~roaa, Andreyev..also studied the the~al decomposition Of mondhitrates at that time and investigated nitroglycerin, nitroglycot; n~ troc=t'u loge,-and the tike. '~e showed.. thai the ,~ec6~osition of polynitratoa is actually APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 06/08/2000 CIA-RDP86-00513R000204610003-5" "APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 06/08/2000 C1'A-RDP86-00513R000204610003-5 ~ portance that he ~ay .rightly b~ C�~t~t/ed the. fouler o~"ee~ence. In 19~ tOgether APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 06/08/2000 CIA-RDP86-00513R000204610003-5" "APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 06/08/2000 C1'A-RDP86-00513R000204610003-5 ~combustion proceeded upward. Combustion time was measured with a p!ezo- .electric pickup. To record accurately combustion completion, a small :amount of fast-burning potassium picrate was placed at the upper end of I 2 3 .98 Fig. 1. Oharge heating 1 -Hot-air stream; 2 - potassium picrate; 3 - thermal insulation; 4 - body of heater (stainless steel); 5 - thermal insulation (asbestos); 6 - spiral for ignition; 7 - thermocouple; 8 - charge; 9 - igniting compositi on. ithe charge. The data given in tabular and graphic form involve TO val- ues from -65 ~o 200C, combustion temperatures from 1500 to 2900K, and ~pressures from i to 100 atm. It was found that in all cases u is mono- ironic'Increasing with TO. The dependence u(To) was conveniently !_ i~haracterized by the temperature coefficient $ = dlnu/dT0. ~ was highly: aependent on the fuel/oxldizer ratio (~). The curve ~(a) had a minimum ~ ?Jhose position corresponded to that of the burning velocity peak. For . :mixture compositions not too far from stolchlometrlc~ ~ increased wl~h !~ Cord 2/~ .I* APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 06/08/2000 C1'A-RDP86-00513R000204610003-5" "APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 06/08/2000 C1'A-RDP86-00513R000204610003-5 ."6xldizer particle size. The ex~oerimental results were in good agree- -'im~nt with the idea that ~ is determined by the temperature (Tb) in the combustion zone region which determines She burning velocity~ If Tb is large, ~ ls small and vice versa. Orig. art. has: 5 figures and 7 ~ables. ~w. A. 68~ � S~ CODE: 21/ ~U~M OATE: 08Apr66/ ORZO R~: 005/ OTH REF: 004 � APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 06/08/2000 C1'A-RDP86-00513R000204610003-5" "APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 06/08/2000 C1'A-RDP86-00513R000204610003-5 RUDKOV, G.V.; BELYAYEVs ~lr method for reconditioning ~he ~acket of M753 diesel engine cylinders. Elek. i tepl.tiag& 7 no.ll:l? N '63. (MIRA 17:2) 1. Zamestit~l' nachal'nika Kustovogo proyektno-tekhnol~giche~Ro�o otdela po remontu i ekspluatat~ii teplovozov pti zavode im. Ii'icha~, Zhdanov (for Rudkov). 2. Starsh~,y inzh. Kustovego ~royektno-tekhnolo{%cheskogo otdelm po remontu i ekspluatatsii toplovozov pti zavode ira. ~[l'icha, Zhdanov (for Bel~a~e�). APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 06/08/2000 C1'A-RDP86-00513R000204610003-5" "APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 06/08/2000 BELYAYEV~ AoOo, inzho Reoonditioning of cylinder Jaokets of the ~753 d~esel e~ines. Maehinostr~nie no.2~:102 Mr~p '65. (~ l~s6) CTA-RDP86-00513R000204610003-5 APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 06/08/2000 CIA-RDP86-00513R000204610003-5" "APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 06/08/2000 C1'A-RDP86-00513R000204610003-5 ~(~P~V, N.~.~ pref.~ GR~IN~ P.8., ka~d.veterlnarnykh nauk~ ..~A~., veter~a~ ~a~ [dece~] ~e ~~ee of da~ cows ~thout s~lls. T~y ~ 26: 23~9 '~. (~ 16:2) 1. ~tori~ zoogigi~y Vseso~ogo ~sti~ ~sper~'- noy veter~ii, APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 06/08/2000 C1'A-RDP86-00513R000204610003-5" "APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 06/08/2000 CTA-RDP86-00513R000204610003-5 .......................... :.ee / in ~ ~lec. fufl~'. The ~il ~e~xl~.'e~1 ~ta, il~'d t,p I~ APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 06/08/2000 CTA-RDP86-00513R000204610003-5" "APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 06/08/2000 CTA-RDP86-00513R000204610003-5 eeoee eeeeeeee , ~ , , , , i ,.. : ,* ,* o~J" ~ u "~0 "a ~ ~ '~ ~ 'i. ;... � AT , . / ~ / a-el APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 06/08/2000 CTA-RDP86-00513R000204610003-5" "APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 06/08/2000 CTA-RDP86-00513R000204610003-5 { ~ ~ ~ J. ~ ~v (~ ~ (~ ~e~), 1~ (3), 1~24l. ~ '. ~ ~t~ ~ ~. ~ m)lu~ty ~ slum~ium oxide ~ thb oxkl~tkm oeeurml.--l). N. I~. APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 06/08/2000 CTA-RDP86-00513R000204610003-5" "APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 06/08/2000 eeaeeeeeeeeeeeeeee , , , ,,,,,,.,, � O0 s . CTA-RDP86-00513R000204610003-5 APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 06/08/2000 CTA-RDP86-00513R000204610003-5" "APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 06/08/2000 CTA-RDP86-00513R000204610003-5 ..~o.o.....,,o.. o.. o, . ;, , , , '" ""* ,'~t' :' ," "':':';"":' e'e ee eeeeeiee eeee�eeeeeee� APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 06/08/2000 CTA-RDP86-00513R000204610003-5" "APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 06/08/2000 C1'A-RDP86-00513R000204610003-5 ��' �*'" ''*,,*~*, *** ' ** ~"~, 00 , ,,, ,,,,~,~,~ ,',- ee ~! ~e ~e ~o . ~ ~e ~ : ~ ..ee ~. - I.z '.~ � -*..-'g''''*'''*''*'"''':::I''''''''''**** ************************** APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 06/08/2000 C1'A-RDP86-00513R000204610003-5" "APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 06/08/2000 ,~, k'&.~ I, ll.J ~ ....... ~ '~ r ~ 'i' JI ' ~ *Jk "~' ' rli ......... � ~I-.. ~' O�..,,i * ..-.-' I:~n thi~ ~. ~'l~l that the catlx~' pf~f~q is ~v, tl- ~ OI CTA-RDP86-00513R000204610003-5 oI .II ~lI APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 06/08/2000 CTA-RDP86-00513R000204610003-5" "APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 06/08/2000 C1'A-RDP86-00513R000204610003-5 ' lO t~.. eeoI ~ Z~.F~ ~e m~t ~lahlr. Th,. Al II,SA, Fr I.~l; ZIII) and I:e � ! ','O � i '.,ce APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 06/08/2000 C1'A-RDP86-00513R000204610003-5" "APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 06/08/2000 CTA-RDP86-00513R000204610003-5 mI_ , ..... d tln~ ~mllls.~ ~ iff ~1~ II17~ ~I~' 111)1 I](~~tl~l (~1 Ihl- (.~th~.l~. ?~-~.pt APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 06/08/2000 CTA-RDP86-00513R000204610003-5" "APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 06/08/2000 C1'A-RDP86-00513R000204610003-5 APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 06/08/2000 C1'A-RDP86-00513R000204610003-5" "APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 06/08/2000 CTA-RDP86-00513R000204610003-5 APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 06/08/2000 CTA-RDP86-00513R000204610003-5" "APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 06/08/2000 C1'A-RDP86-00513R000204610003-5 ~E~.~�V, Aleksandr Ivanovich, 1902- The ].~tallurgy of lifht metals, Moslcca, Gos. nauchn.-tekhn, lz,~-vo lit.-ry po chernoi i tsvetnoi .~etalurgii, 1944. 543 p. (49-55391) TN775.B345 APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 06/08/2000 C1'A-RDP86-00513R000204610003-5" "APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 06/08/2000 CTA-RDP86-005:L3R0002046:L0003-5 ime~ (~ ~) ~ ,~, ~wtd thlt the ~ i~ly al?nina u~d I ~: t~t::l)'~ M II,~h APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 06/08/2000 CTA-RDP86-00513R000204610003-S" "APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 06/08/2000 C1'A-RDP86-00513R000204610003-5 BELYATAW, i. I. "Metallurgy of Light Metals," third edition, MoSCOW, 1949. 428 pages. APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 06/08/2000 C1'A-RDP86-00513R000204610003-5" "APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 06/08/2000 C1'A-RDP86-00513R000204610003-5 APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 06/08/2000 CIA-RDP86-00513R000204610003-5" "APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 06/08/2000 C1'A-RDP86-00513R000204610003-5 APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 06/08/2000 C1'A-RDP86-00513R000204610003-5" "APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 06/08/2000 C1'A-RDP86-00513R000204610003-5 ~t, I AY ,0 A~Ii~ w ~ n U' #.# I t # i~ II ~t ir II APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 06/08/2000 C1'A-RDP86-00513R000204610003-5" "APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 06/08/2000 C1'A-RDP86-00513R000204610003-5 �**eo.oooo ~~ ,. ,.., ,._, , , , � **:: : : : : :, APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 06/08/2000 C1'A-RDP86-00513R000204610003-5" "APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 06/08/2000 Cl'A-RDP86-00513R000204610003-5 ?~f/,~r~V, Aleksandr Ivsnovich. ~',ikolay ~ikolayevich ~eketov, ~rdayushchiysya ~usskiy ~iziko Khimik I :.'.eta!iurg ~'~ikolay NJto!ayevich Beketov, Out,~.tanding Russian Physical Chemist and ~.'et~l!urgls~ 1827-1911. ~.oskva, ~'~etallurgizdat, 1953. 130 p. Illus., Ports. APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 06/08/2000 C1'A-RDP86-00513R000204610003-5" "APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 06/08/2000 C1'A-RDP86-00513R000204610003-5 PHASE I TREASURE ISIAND BIBLIOGRAPHICAL REPORT AID.~$6 - I BOOK Call NCo: TNIIS,B337~ Authors: BELYA~EV~ A~ Io~ RAPOPORT.~ Mo Bo and ~IRSANOVA.~ L. A~ Full Title: ELECTROMETALLURGY OF ALUMINUM Tra~lsliterated Title: Elekt'~ometallurgiya alyuminiya Publishing Data Originating Agency: Publishing House: None State Scientific and Technical Publishing House of Literature on Ferrousand Nonferrous Metallurgy Date~ 1953 NCo pp~ 720 '~ NO. of copies: ~,500 Editorial Staff Reviewers: Garbarchuk~ Go I~ Winne~ of Stalin Prize and Sushkov~ A. Io~ Engineer The authors express their thanks to Prof. Dr. V% A. Pazukhin, Prof. E~ I~ Zhukovskiy~ Eng. Ac Io Sushkov~ Eng. G~ I. Garbarchuk~ Engo B~ 1~ Itsykson and Po Ko Kovshikov. Text Data Coverage: This is a fundamental study of the modern development of aluminum alloy electrometallurgyo It gives a detailed analysis of the theory and practJ, ce of the electrolytic production of cryolite al~minumalloys~ the electrolytic refining of aluminmu and the pro- duction of aluminum-silicon alloys .In electric furnaces. Design of 1/lO APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 06/08/2000 C1'A-RDP86-00513R000204610003-5" "APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 06/08/2000 C1'A-RDP86-00513R000204610003-5 Elektrometallurgiya alyuminiya AZO 436 - z reduction plants and calculation of aluminum baths and electric furnsces for melting aluminum-silicon alloys are briefly discussed. The theoretical part is based mainly on Soviet sources which, in the authors' opinion, by far excel in scope and scientific value the non-Russian literature on the electrometallurgy of aluminum. The practical conclusions are dr~n from the achievements of the aluminum industry in the USSR, according to the authors' note in the preface. In the text, however~ no reference is made to any installation in operation now in the Soviet Union� The authors have collected in a single volume a large amount of information from the very extensive and extremely scattered ref- erences on the subject treated� The book is written in an easy, comprehensive language, is provided with numerous illustrations and diagrams, and gives a good picture of the methods used in electrolytic production of aluminum in the Soviet Union at the present time. TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE Foreword 8 .Introduction 9 APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 06/08/2000 C1'A-RDP86-00513R000204610003-5" "APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 06/08/2000 C1'A-RDP86-00513R000204610003-5 .E lektrome ta llurgiya a lyuminiya SECTION I ELECTROL;ZSIS OF MOLTEN CRYOLITE ALUMINA Ch o I Properties of Altm~inum lo Structure of the atom and crystal lattice 2o Physicochemical properties Bo Thermochemical properties Ch o II Properties of Alumina 4o Structure of the crystal lattice Physlcochemicai propertle3 Thermochemical properties Ch o III Properties of Carbon ?o Structure of aluminum crystal lattice 8o Physicochemical properties 9. Oxidation Ch o IV Properties of Alumin~un Fluorides and Fluorides of other Metals 10o 11o 12o Cho V AID ~36 - I PAGE 17 ~5 ~7 53 Structure ~ Physicochemical properties Ther~ochemical properties 67 Properties of Systems formed by AlumlnumFluoride and Fluorides of other Metals Systems: Aluminum fluoride - fluorides of alkali metals 70 3/ o APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 06/08/2000 C1'A-RDP86-00513R000204610003-5" "APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 06/08/2000 C1'A-RDP86-00513R000204610003-5 E lektrometa llurgiya a lyuminiya 14. Systems: Cryolite - fluorides of alkali metals 15. Systems: Cryolite - fluorides of bivalent metals Ch. VI Properties of Systems formed by Fluorides and Oxides 16. Systems: Cryolite - alumina 88 ~ Systems: Cryolite - oxides 96 ~ Ternary and binary systems formed bY fluorides and oxides 99 Ch. VII Theory of Electrolysis of Cryolite A!mnina Smelts 19. Decomposition voltage of cryolite alumina and electrolyte components 115 20. Structure of molten cryolite alumina 132 21. Process of current transfer in aluminum baths 135 Ch. VIII Electrolytic Processes at Electrodes in Aluminum B~th$ 22� Processes at cathodes 143 23. Processes at anodes 157 Cho IX Output of Molten Cryolite-Alumina per amp. and kw/hr 2~. Basic conceptions and mathematical relations 179 25. Effect of ~arious factors 187 Ch. X Const~uction of Aluminum Baths 26. Development of aluminum baths construction 194 27. Modern aluminum baths 198 Ch. XI Design of Aluminum Baths 28. General design '206 /lo AID 436 - I 0 81 APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 06/08/2000 C1'A-RDP86-00513R000204610003-5" "APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 06/08/2000 C1'A-RDP86-00513R000204610003-5 Elektrometa llurgiya a lyuminiya 29.' Electrical design BO, Thermal design BI. Material design B2. Example of design Ch. XII Mounting of Aluminum Baths 3~. Materials used 3 � Sequence of mounting operations Cho XIII Starting Operation of Alumtnum Baths 35. Starting new baths with a continuous anode 36. Starting baths after major repairs 37. Starting multi-anode baths 38. Period of operation following the Start Cho XiV Operation of Aluminum Baths Materials for baths Operations and maintenance 41. Organization of working crew 42� Control of production in the electrolytic shop Ch. XV Life of Aluminum Baths and their Demounting 43. Effect of various factors on the life of aluminum baths 44� Sequence of operations in dismounting alumtntua baths Ch� XVI Regeneration of Electrolyte in Aluminum Baths 45. Carbon film flotation ~ 5/lo AID ~S6 - I PAGE 216 229 229 253 259 265 266 269 275_ 27~ 3o6 3O8 310 320 APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 06/08/2000 C1'A-RDP86-00513R000204610003-5" "APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 06/08/2000 C1'A-RDP86-00513R000204610003-5 AID 436 - I Elektrometa llurgi2a a lyuminiya 46. Gas absorption and regeneration of cryolite Ch. XVII Chlorination, Remelting and Casting of Aluminum 47. Properties of initial aluminum 48. Purification of aluminum by chlorination and remelting 49. Casting of aluminum wire bars Ch. XVIII Planning of Electrolytic Aluminum Plants 50. Location 51. 52. 55. 5~o 57. 58. Ch. XIX 61. Properties 62. Fields of application PAGE 327 333 35 345 346 Output (efficiency) 347 Selection of d-c source OPeration conditions of aluminum baths cormected in series351 Arrangement of aluminum baths in series and determination of the main dimensions of the electrolytic workshop 358 364 Transportation 369 Ventilation 3?3 Equipment for the aluminum refining division 375 Mechanical workshop 375 Determination of storage space 376 Technical and economic calculations SECTION II ELECTROLYTIC REFINING OF ALUMINUM Properties of Highly Pure Aluminum and its APplication383 386 6/10 APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 06/08/2000 C1'A-RDP86-00513R000204610003-5" "APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 06/08/2000 C1'A-RDP86-00513R000204610003-5 Elektrometallurgiya alyuminiya AID 436 - I PAGE Ch. XX DeveloPment.of Methods of Electrolytic Refining of Aluminum Developmentof the "Two Layer" electrolytic method ~ Development of the "Three'Layer" electrolytic method Cho XXI Theory of Electrolytic Refining of Aluminum Electrochemistry of aluminum refining ~ physicochemical properties of the electrolyte and almminumalloy anodes for aluminum refining 67. Determination of voltage for electrolytic refining of aluminum 68. Mechanism of curren~ tranSmission in the electrolytic refining of aluminum 69� Current efficiency in the electrolytic refining of aluminum Oho X~II Technology of Electrolytic Refining of Aluminum 70. Construction of baths for aluminum refining 71. P~l~a~ticn of ~alta used as starting matey~al and of the electrolyte 72. Preparation of aluminum alloy anode ~ ~eration of aluminum alloy anode [ Control of electrolytic alu~,.inum refining 389 393 403 405 4o9 416 418 420 426 426 437 7/lO APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 06/08/2000 C1'A-RDP86-00513R000204610003-5" "APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 06/08/2000 C1'A-RDP86-00513R000204610003-5 AID Elektrometallurgiya a lyuminiya PAGE 75. Organization of work in the electrolytic aluminum 439 refining workshop 76. Electrolytic aluminum refining from technical and 440 commercial viewpoints 77. Electrolytic refining of secondary aluminum SECTION III ELECTRIC MELTING OF ALUMINUM AND ITS ALLOYS Ch. XXIII Use of Heat in Metallurgy of Aluminum Alloys 78. Development of heat: processe~ 458 79. Advantages of electric heat processes Ch. XXIV Physicochemical Principles in Production of Aluminum-Silicon Alloys from Ore 462 80. Difficulties in reduction of aluminum oxide 472 81. Production of aluminum alloys 82. Thermodynamics of reduction by carbon of aluminum 83. Ch. XXV Raw Material and Preparation of Furnace Charges 85. Ores with high alumina content and their concentration 86. CarboniC reducers and their properties 8/lo oxide and silicon oxide � ~76 and their behavior in the reduction process Conditions of Joint reduction by carbon of Si02 and A120~ 517 537 APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 06/08/2000 C1'A-RDP86-00513R000204610003-5" "APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 06/08/2000 C1'A-RDP86-00513R000204610003-5 .Elektrometallurgiys alyumlniya 87, ~in requirements for furnace charges used for the reduction of aluminum-silicon alloys 88� Technology of briquetting ore charges for the reduction of aluminum-silicon alloys 562 89, Calculation of furnace charges 571 Ch, XXVI Furnaces for Smelting Aluminum-Silicon Alloys 90, Various charge zones in the electric furnace chambers 582 91. Effect of electric characteristics 586 92. Single-phase and three-phase electric furnaces 601 ~ Determination of electrical furnaces characteristics 606 Some requirements for the design of furnaces 616 Ch. XXVII Reduction of Aluminum Alloys 95, Reduction of silicon 627 96. Reduction of ferro~.aluminum 637 97. Operating conditions of the furnace in reduction of aluminum-silicon alloys ' � 98. Defects in reduction of aluminum-silicon alloys and means of their prevention 647 99. Control of reduction of aluminum-silicon alloys 652 Ch. XXVIII Remelting of Secondary Aluminum-Silicon Alloys Produced by Electric Heating Process 9/10 AID 436 - I PAGE APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 06/08/2000 C1'A-RDP86-00513R000204610003-5" "APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 06/08/2000 C1'A-RDP86-00513R000204610003-5 Elektrometallurgiya alyuminiya 100. Properties and applicatiOns of aluminum-silicon alloys 101. Production of eutectic silumin 102. Obtaining of aluminum from aluminum-silicon alloys and from aluminum scrap with the help of alloy- combined metals 675 103. Reduction of aluminum from electrothermic alloys by distillation through compounds of low valence 700 105. Electrolytic refining of primary aluminum-silicon alloys 709 105. Properties and applications of silicon by-products 712 Purpose: The book is intended to provide information on the subject treated for engineers, technicians and scientific workers of the aluminum industry as well as students of advanced courses in the elect~ometallurgy of aluminum. Facilities: None No. of Russian and Slavic References: Numerous Russian references in footnotes. Available: Library of Congress. AID 436 - I PAGE 658 665 lO/lO APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 06/08/2000 C1'A-RDP86-00513R000204610003-5" "APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 06/08/2000 C1'A-RDP86-00513R000204610003-5 PHASE X TREASURE ISLAND BIBLIOGRAPHICAL REPORT AID 608 - X BOOK Call No.: AF6~4~31 Author: BELYAYEV, A. I., Prof. Doc. . ..... Full Tltle~ METALLURGY-OF LIGHT METALS. (GE~'~RAL COU.RSE). Transliterated Title: Metallurgiya legkikh m..tallov (Obshchiy Chetv. izd. PUBLISHING DATA Originating Agency: None Publishing House: State Publishing House of Scientific and Technical Literature on Ferrous and Non-Ferrous Metallurgy Date: 1954 No. pp.: 403 No. of copies: 9,500 Editorial Staff Appraisers: Prof. Ye. I. Zhukovskiy; Staff of the Chair of Metallurgy of Light and Rare Metals of the Leningrad Mining Institute (Prof. Doc. N. S. Greyver, Prof. Doc. V. M. Gus'kov and Dotsents I. D. TsaPegorodtsev, P. V. Fileyev and V. K. Gusakovskiy). PURPOSE AND EVALUATION: This is a textbook on the subject of the metal- lurgY Of light metals approved by the Ministry of Higher Education for students of institutions of higher learning. This very well written and comprehensive book covers in detail the processes of metal production starting with the ores and extending to the ob- taining of the pure metal. When compared ..ith various American APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 06/08/2000 C1'A-RDP86-00513R000204610003-5" "APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 06/08/2000 C1'A-RDP86-00513R000204610003-5 '- Metallurgiya legklkh metal!ov (Obshchiy kurs) AID 608 - X � Chetv. izd' books on the same subject, it is found to inclUde fewer metals and to present only the metallurgical side of their treatment. However, in this limited field the subject is covered much more extensively than in corresponding books in our literature, and no similar text- book in English could be found. Books which were consulted include: Bray, J. L., Non-Ferrous Production MetallurgM, 1947; Institution of Mining and-MetallurgY, The Refining of Non-Ferrous Metals: , 1950; Roberts, ~. R., The Extraction of Non-~errous 950; Dennis, W. H., MetaYIurgY 6f the Non-Ferrous Me~.~l~s, 1-~5~ayward, C. R., An Outline of Metallurgical P~ctic~, 1952; Malcuit, S. V., The Aluminum Industry, 19~b, and various other books on metallurgY. TEXT DATA Coverage: This. is a comprehensive textbook on the metallurgy of light metals, covering in detail aluminum and magnesium, and to a lesser extent~-beryllium, calcium, barium and lithium. The book docs ~t cover the field of mining or preparation of the ores. It alsc. does not outline the fabrication of those metals and their products, nor the technology of their alloys. Presented are: the properties of each of the above-mentioned light metals, its application, the prin- 2/12 APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 06/08/2000 C1'A-RDP86-00513R000204610003-5" "APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 06/08/2000 C1'A-RDP86-00513R000204610003-5 Metallurgiya legkikh metallov (Obshchiy kuts) AID 6~ - X Ohetv. izd. ciples of the theory of its processing, and in detail the technology of its production. Table of Contents Preface to the 4th edition introduction PART ONE METALLURGY OF ALUMINUM Ch. I ?roperties of Aluminum, its Role in Technology, and the History of its Production 1. Properties of aluminum and its importanCe'in present- l~ day technology 16 2. History of Russian aluminum metallurgy 22 Ch. 2 AluminTM Ores 22 Geochemistry and mineralogy of aluminum ~i Types of aluminum ores, their occurenceWand deposits 23 � � .~.~ Bauxites 32 Nephelines 32 Alunites 33 Kaolins and clays Sillimanite ores Pa ~,e 9 APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 06/08/2000 C1'A-RDP86-00513R000204610003-5" "APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 06/08/2000 C1'A-RDP86-00513R000204610003-5 Metaliurglya l~gkikh metallov (0bshchiy kurs) AID 608 - X Chetv. izd. Page Ch. 3 General Characteristics of Methods of Alumina 34 Production ~i Alumina as material for electrolysis 3~, Some physicochemical properties of alumina 3~i Polymorphism 38 Thermal propertieo 38 Chemical properties 7. Classification of methods of alumina production ~ Ch. 4 Properties of Aluminate Solutions 43 8. Stability of aluminate solutions 44 9. Nature of aluminate solutions 45 10. System A190B - NaR0 - H~O Ch. 5 Production of Alumina by the Bayer Wet Alkaline 48 Method 48 ll. History of the Bayer method 12 General technological scheme of the Bayer method 4.9 � : 51 13. Preparation of bauxite 5~ 14. Leaching of bauxite 5~ Basic reactions in bauxite leaching Significance of the mineralogical composition of bauxite !58 APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 06/08/2000 C1'A-RDP86-00513R000204610003-5" "APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 06/08/2000 C1'A-RDP86-00513R000204610003-5 Metallurgiya legkikh metallov (Obshchiy kuts) Chetv. izd. 20. 21. 22. Ch. 6 23. 24. 25. AID 608 - X Page Influence of different factors on the leaching of 60 bauxite 6B Technology of bauxite leaching in autoclaves 15. Separation of the aluminate solution from red mud 69 16. Hydration of the aluminate solution by precipitation 71 17. CalcinatiOn of alUminum hydroxide 80 18. Evaporation and caMsticizing of r~verse alkaline 87 solutions ~. 19. Cycle in the Bayer process in the system ~.- 88 Na20 - AI~OB - HyO Alumina ShOp. Production data 90 Bayer method and causticizing soda ash with lime 91 Production of alumina from alunites and kaolins by 91 the Bayer method Production o~ Alumina by the Dry Alkaline Method 95 History of the dry alkaline method General technological scheme of the sintering method Sintering of bauxite with soda and lime in a rotary 98 kiln llO 26.Leaching of sinter cakes APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 06/08/2000 C1'A-RDP86-00513R000204610003-5" "APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 06/08/2000 CTA-RDP86-00513R000204610003-5 Metallurgiya legk~.kh metaliov (Obshchiy kuts) AID 608 - X Chetv. izd. 2?, Removing of silica from alumlnate solutions 28. Carbonation of aluminate solutions ~29. Application of the sintertng method for the complex treatment of neph~lines BO. AppliCation of the sintering method for the ex- traction of alumina from clays and other alumino- silicates B1. Method of sintering with sodium sulfate 32. Obtaining of .alumina from the calcium aluminate ~slag Production of alumina by the combined alkaline method. 34. Summaz~ end dissemination of working methods of innov~.to~s in alumina production 3~ Automatization of alumina production 3o~ .Cost price of alumina Ch. 7 Production of 0ryolite and other Fluorine Salts 37. Requirements i~posed on cryolite 38. Natural cryolite 39. Production of artificial (synthetic) cryolite by the'acid method by the alkaline method ~12 ]?age 117 125 128 129 130 132 135 18- 145 1~8 157 APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 06/08/2000 CTA-RDP86-00513R000204610003-5" "APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 06/08/2000 C1'A-RDP86-00513R000204610003-5 Metallurgiya legkikh metallov (0bshchiy kuts) Chetv. izd. Ch. 8 40. 41. 42. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. Ch. 9 AID 608 - X Page Production of Electrodes 162 Purpose of electrodes and their classification 162 Use of carbon electrodes in light metal metallurgy 164. Raw materials used for the production of electrodes 166 Technological scheme of carbon electrode productior~ 170 Calcination of solid carbon materials 172 in retort ovens in rotary ovens Grinding and classification (sizing) of solid carbon materia3.s Mixing of solid carbon materials with binding material Pres~4ng$of electrodes ~:~,- ~ press B.v ~hing press Annealing of raw electrodes Coating carbon electrodes with graphite Theoretical Principles of Electrolysis of Cryolite-Alumina Alloys 173 175 176 178 182 183 18 200 7/12 APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 06/08/2000 C1'A-RDP86-00513R000204610003-5" "APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 06/08/2000 C1'A-RDP86-00513R000204610003-5 Metallurgiya legkikh metallov (~bshchiy kuts) AID 608 - X Chetv. izd. Page 50. PhysiCochemical properties of an aluminum bath R00 electrolyte 201 Electrolyte fusibility Dissolution of alumina in'molted electrolyte 202 Density of molted electrolyte and ~luminum 207 2O9 Viscosity 209 Surface tension 211 Electrical conductivity Decomposition stress of electrolyte components 213 51. The mechanism of electrolysis of cryolite- 216 52. 53. alumina alloys Phenomena occuring on electrodes in the electrolysis of cryolite-alumina alloys 219 Anode effect 219 Dissolubility and losses of aluminum in electrolyte 224 Influence of different factors on the yield in relation to the current and to the amount of energy in the electrolysis of cryolite-alumina 228 alloys".:: 229 Influence of temperature APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 06/08/2000 C1'A-RDP86-00513R000204610003-5" "APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 06/08/2000 C1'A-RDP86-00513R000204610003-5 " Metallurgiya ]egkikh metallov (0bshchiy kuts) � Chetv. izd. Ch. 10 54. 57. 58. AID 608 - X Influence of current density Influence of interpolar dlstance Influence of the composition of the electrolyte Technology of Electrolytical Production of Aluminum 2B5 Design of aluminum baths 235 Mechanization of operation of an aluminum bath 241 Conception of the stress and the heat balance of an aluminum bath 242 The electrolysis shop of an a~uminum plant 244 Putting the baths into operation and their work 59. Page 23O 231 233 60. 61. 62. afterward 247 Work of baths during normal periods of exploitation 252 Charging with alumina 252 Servicing of the anodes 254 Extraction of aluminum 260 � Adjusting of the electrolyte ' 261 Disturbances in the work of baths 264 Organization of labor in a crew of electrolysis workers and methods of work of innovators 269 Gas absorption. Regeneration of cryolite 273 9/12 APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 06/08/2000 C1'A-RDP86-00513R000204610003-5" "APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 06/08/2000 C1'A-RDP86-00513R000204610003-5 ; Me~allurgiya legkikh metallov (Obshchiy kurs) AID 608 - X Chetv. izd. Ch. ll 64. Ch. 12 67. 68. 69. 70. Page Cost of aluminum 275 Refining of Aluminum 277 Quality of aluminum 277 Refining of aluminum with chlorine and resmelting 2~9 Electrolytical refining of aluminum 2 1 Electrothermics of Aluminum and its Alloys 287 Reduction of alumina with carbon 287 Electrothermics of silicon-aluminum alloys 290 Electrothermical silumin 291~ Methods of extracting aluminum from silicon- aluminum 297 PART TWO Ch. lB 71. 72. Ch. 14 METALLURGY OF MAGNESIUM Properties of ~agnesium, its Role in Engineering and the History of its Production BO1 Properties of magnesium and its applications 301 History of Russian magnesium metallurgy 303 Magnesium Ores and Raw Materials BO5 Geochemistry of magnesium BO5 Types of magnesium raw materials and their preparation 305 lO/12 APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 06/08/2000 C1'A-RDP86-00513R000204610003-5" "APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 06/08/2000 C1'A-RDP86-00513R000204610003-5 Metallurgiya legklkh metallov (Obshchiy kurs) Chetv. ~zd. Ch. 15 75. 76. 77. Ch. 16 78. 79. Ch. 17 80. 81. 82. 83. Ch. 18 84. 85. PART THREE Production of AnhYdrous Magnesium Chlorides Dehydration of bischofite Chlorination of magnesite Production of anhydrous carnallite Theoretical Principles of Electrolysis of Fused Magnesium Chlorides 324 Physicochemical properties of electrolytes of a magnesium bath 324 Yield in relation to the amount of current and energy in electrolysis of magnesium chlorides 333 Technology of the Electrolysis of Magnesium Chlorides 339 Construction of magnesium baths 339 Technology of electrolysis 344 Refining of magnesium 348 Cost cf magnesium 355 Production of Magnesium. by Thermic Methods 35 The ca~bothermic process 354 The silicothermic process 358 METALLURGY OF BERYLLIUM, CALCIUM, BARIUM AND LITHIUM 367 n/12 .aid 608 - X Page 311 311 317 321 APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 06/08/2000 C1'A-RDP86-00513R000204610003-5" "APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 06/08/2000 CIA-RDP86-00513R000204610003-5 Metallurgiya legklkh metallov (Obshchty kuts) Chetv. izd. Ch. 19 'Metallurgy of Beryllium 86. Properties of beryllium and its applications Production of beryllium oxide ~ Production of metallic beryllium by electrolysis of beryllium chloride 374 89. Production of metallic beryllium by the fluoride reduction process 378 90. Smelting of beryllium alloys by the electrothermic process ~ 381 Ch. 20 Metallurgy of Calcium and Barium 386 91. Properties of calcium and barium and field of their application B86 92. Technology of metallic calcium production 388 93. Technology of metallic barium production 391 Ch. 21 Metallurgy of Lithium 395 94. Properties and applications of lithium 95. Production of lithium* salts ~ 396 96. Metallic lithium production Literature ~ AID 6O8 - X Page 367 367 369 No. of References: Russian 30 (1935-1953). Facilities: Names of many Soviet scientists and workers are mentioned in the text. .12/12 APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 06/08/2000 CIA-RDP86-00513R000204610003-5" "APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 06/08/2000 C1'A-RDP86-00513R000204610003-5 APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 06/08/2000 C1'A-RDP86-00513R000204610003-5" "APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 06/08/2000 C1'A-RDP86-00513R000204610003-5 . '~ ::::-~{~;~�~'-~-~::' .-~._~-_-.~-_".~ ~:~.'_.~;_~.~-Z :. 5._~Z_: ..... L ~' '.~ ---~ L~.-..:~i ...... ~ .... ,.~_~'.. ; ~' "_ " q~ht~, of el~nca] ~ml~tit,ns ~:~t'l]~t a~d d~ ~t~on ~' heat- APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 06/08/2000 C1'A-RDP86-00513R000204610003-5" "APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 06/08/2000 CTA-RDP86-00513R000204610003-5 T ~ .... ~._ .~Z~-~;~% I17~t~Z~ ~.' c~'ofite ratio with 1 of 2-gl the ~m~gn~t~=c to thc APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 06/08/2000 CTA-RDP86-00513R000204610003-5" "APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 06/08/2000 CTA-RDP86-00513R000204610003-5 APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 06/08/2000 CIA-RDP86-00513R000204610003-5" "APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 06/08/2000 C1'A-RDP86-00513R000204610003-5 1. Mintsvetmetzoloto. (Aluminum--Blectrometallur~�) APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 06/08/2000 C1'A-RDP86-00513R000204610003-5" "APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 06/08/2000 C1'A-RDP86-00513R000204610003-5 BilKONUR0V, 0.~.; BELYAYE�, A.I._j BOOOMOLOV, �.Io; VANYUK0�, �.~.; OAZARYAN,L.M.; GLRK, ~.P.;-~0It~YE{, M.I.; KARCEEVSKI]f, V.~.; I[LUSHII{, D.I{., D.A.; L~]~'V, B.N.; LISO�SKI�, D.I.; LOSKUTOV, F.M.; MITROPANOV, S.I.; MOLCHANO�, A.A.; NOSIIYI?IN, I.N.; OL'KHO~, N.P.; OSIPOYA, T.B.; PLAK~IN, I.N.; PONOMARBV, V.D.; RUMYANTSEV, M.�.; SOKOL~SKIY, D.�.; SOKOL0�, M.A.; SPASSKIY, A.O.; S?RIOIN, I.A.; SUSHKOV, K.�.; ~hosrov lur61novieh lvs~!sian, obituary. TSvet.met.27 no.3:66-68 My-Je t.5~. (MIRA 10:10) (Avetimian. ~ho~rov Xurginovich, t900-1~5~) APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 06/08/2000 CIA-RDP86-00513R000204610003-5" "APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 06/08/2000 C1'A-RDP86-00513R000204610003-5 Causes for the destruction of carbon cathode blocks in atartin~ aluminum cells. TSvet.mot. 27 no.6:~-46 N-D '54. (MIRA 10:10) (Cathodes) (Aluminum--~lec t romet aliurgy) APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 06/08/2000 CIA-RDP86-00513R000204610003-5" "APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 06/08/2000 C1'A-RDP86-00513R000204610003-5 ~J~C~e~Lc~L ~ecZmolos~. Ch.emtcal Products and ~heir Application. Electrotembntcal ~nufactures. Electrical Precipitation. C~ cal ~mrces of Current. Abs Jou~: Referat Zh.-Kh., No 8, 19~7, Author Tn~t ~itle : Electrolyte Co_~mpoeition of Industrial Baths an~ Possibilities of Its Improvement. Orig Pub: Ec~s~z. ~apok, !9~, 19, No 12, 516-523. A~stmct: No abmtmct. APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 06/08/2000 C1'A-RDP86-00513R000204610003-5" "APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 06/08/2000 C1'A-RDP86-00513R000204610003-5 Translations from: AUTHOR: TITLE: PERIODICAL: ABSTRACT: 137-1957-i2-23437 Referativnyy zhurnal, Metal!urgiya, !957, Nr !2, p 87 (USSR) Belyayev, A, I. The Role of the Surface Phenomena in the l~teliing of Secondary Aluminum With Fluxes (Ro],txnrerkhnos.~0~kh yav!eniy pri plavk� vtori_chnogo alyumini'Ta s flyus~ami) Sb. uauch, tr. Mosk. in-ta tsvetn, met. i zolota, 1955, Nr 25, pp 180-194 _ Bibliographic entry i. Secondary melting 2. Aluminum Fluxes-Applications APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 06/08/2000 C1'A-RDP86-00513R000204610003-5" "APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 06/08/2000 C1'A-RDP86-00513R000204610003-5 / ~nYAY~, A.I. Eighth scientific and t~hnical co~ere~e off ~tudente off the Noso~ lnetitute of No~e~oue Netals and Gold, T~vet,~et, 28 no.3:75-~ ~-Je '55. (M~ 10:11) (No~errous metals) APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 06/08/2000 CIA-RDP86-00513R000204610003-5" "APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 06/08/2000 CTA-RDP86-00513R000204610003-5 APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 06/08/2000 CTA-RDP86-00513R000204610003-5" "APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 06/08/2000 CTA-RDP86-00513R000204610003-5 APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 06/08/2000 CIA-RDP86-00513R000204610003-5" "APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 06/08/2000 C1'A-RDP86-00513R000204610003-5 APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 06~08~2000 C1'A-RDP86-00513R000204610003-5" "APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 06/08/2000 CTA-RDP86-00513R000204610003-5 professor, doktor. Induetri&l aluminum-bath electrolytes and w&ys of improving them. T~et.met. 29 no.5:~,~-60 I~ '.~6. (l~Jl~ 9:8) 1. Xintovetmetsologo, (Aluainu~--l~lec trometallurgy) APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 06/08/2000 CIA-RDP86-00513R000204610003-5" "APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 06/08/2000 C1'A-RDP86-00513R000204610003-5 Ninth Scie~.ti?.c ami Technical conference of students of the Moscow Institute of Nonferrous Metals and of Gold, TSvet,met,29 no,6:72-73 Je '56o (MI~A 9:9) (Nonferrous metals-~�ongresses) APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 06/08/2000 C1'A-RDP86-00513R000204610003-5" "APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 06/08/2000 C1'A-RDP86-00513R000204610003-5 ~BELYAYE~, ~natoliy Ivanovich; ZHEMCHUZHII~A, Yelen. Aleksandrovn&~ KOSOLAPOVA, N.Fj~'re~'; ~4IEHAYLO~A, ~.~., tekhn.red. [Microscopic analyais of cnrbon materi~ls and electrodes] Mikroskopicheskii analiz ug!erod~stykh materialov i elektrodov. Moskvn, Goa.nauchno-tekhn.izd-vo lit-ry~o chernoi i t~vetnoi metallurgii, 1957. 75 p. (MIRA 1l:1) (Coal) (~lectrodee) APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 06/08/2000 C1'A-RDP86-00513R000204610003-5" "APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 06/08/2000 C1'A-RDP86-00513R000204610003-5 [I~h~rsicsl chemistry of soluble salts] Fizichesksts khi=ita raeplavlen- a~kh soleto Momlcvs. Gos. muchno-tekhn, i,d-vo lit-fy po chef, o! ! tsvetnot metallur~ii, 19~?. ~9 P. (aIRA 10:11) (Selt~. ~oluble) APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 06/08/2000 CIA-RDP86-00513R000204610003-5" "APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 06/08/2000 C1'A-RDP86-00513R000204610003-5 [Hetallurgy of nonferrous metal~] Hetnllur~!ia tsvetnykh metallov. ~on~va, Gos.nauchno-tekhn.izd-vo lit-ry po chernot i tsvetnoi metal].urgii, 1957. 535 p. (MIRA 11:1) (Nonferrous metals--Metallurgy) APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 06/08/2000 CIA-RDP86-00513R000204610003-5" "APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 06/08/2000 C1'A-RDP86-00513R000204610003-5 BELY:\Yk~, ,%. I. "Univalent Aluminum and its Role in the Electrometallur~v of Aluminun," paper presented at %he ~tallurgical Congress in Ck~caEo, 6 Nov 1957. Kalinin Inst. for Nonferrous ~ta!s and Gold. Eval. ~nd Abst. B. - 3,095,520, 6 Nov 1957 APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 06/08/2000 C1'A-RDP86-00513R000204610003-5" "APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 06/08/2000 C1'A-RDP86-00513R000204610003-5 AUTHOR: Belyaev, A.I., Zhemchuzb~,a, E.A. and Firsano~va, ~..A. ' 1 -5- b_ath electrolyte. (Ispy~aniya ftoristogo mag~iya kak kom- ponenta elektrolita alyuminievykh vann. ) PERIODICAL: "Tsvet~y.e M~tall~" (Non-ferrous Metals), )1957, No.5, pp. ?0- 74 (U.S.S.R. ABSTRACT: In the first sectio~ of this work laboratory experLmez~s to elucidate the joint influence of magnesium and calcium fluorides on the properties of aluminium-bath electrolyte are described. The results are shown graphically as a fusion diagram for the qua_si-binary system: [2.5 NaF.AiFx + 5 wt CaF2 + 5 wt % MgF2J - A1203; as a grgph showing t~ne infl- uence of magnesite calcining temperature on th8 rate of its solution in cryolite melts at i 000 and i 020 C; and as plots of solubility of aluminium in the electrolyte, solubil- ity of ale,mt=a, augle of w~tting, conductivity, density and melting point against the weight % of CaF2 and MgF2. The lab- oratory results indicate electrolytes should contain 6.5 - 7% MgF2 for a total content of the fluoride of up to l0 wt %, a suitable cz~.yolite ratio being 2.5 - 2.6. The second part of the paper deals with full scale tests of magnesium-fluoride APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 06/08/2000 C1'A-RDP86-00513R000204610003-5" "APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 06/08/2000 C1'A-RDP86-00513R000204610003-5 Tests of magnesium fluoride as a component of aluminium-bath electrolyte. (Cont.) containing electrolytes, started at the Ural Aluminium Works (Uralskom Alyuminievom Zavode ) in 1955 an~ is still continuing. These tests have shown the following favourable effects of MgF2 additions: increased yield with respeet to current and energy; a lower bath working temperature; decreased consump- tion of anodic material; higher CO2 content in the anodic gases; lower consumption of aluminlum fluoride; better oper- ating conditions and improved working of the bath. Reasons for these effects are discussed mud it is noted that favourable effects have also be~ obtained at aluminium works in Czecho- slovakia and at Fushm in China (Chu Tzu Sen. "Influence of magnesium fluoride o'..~ the electrolysis of cryolite-alumina melts". Dissertation, Nukden, 1956.). At the latter works, sixteen MgF~-containing baths are working at the present time. There are 7-references, 5 of which are Slavic. ASSOCIATION: Mi ~tsvetmetzoloto. AVAILABLE: APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 06/08/2000 C1'A-RDP86-00513R000204610003-5" "APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 06/08/2000 CTA-RDP86-00513R000204610003-5 ~ --,iV.A,.'-and.,Belyayev, A.I. ' AUTHORS: Garmata electrolytic refining ........ e elektrodny~d~ prot~ossov pri TIT~: study of electrode processes ele,~t~oliticheskom rafinirov~ii al)~iniya). ~ - 5S-Se (USS~). PERIODICal: Tsvet~'e ~detally, 1957, ~o.9~ � ABSTP~CT: The author describe~ smd ~ives results of investigations s i~ the electrolytic refi~n~ orocesse , dur~ ~ ~.~ .The experiments of electrode ~ ~the t~eo-layer ~ ....... of al~minim~ ~erc based on t~e~ study~a~ polarization at the cathode and lati'on to the c~r~ent ~en~ temperature, anode tn r~ .... '-~ol~e eiecvru~= material~ nature co~Do ~ e~e factors w~re carried cut of the ionic diffusion ~d 'other' factors Laboratory ....... ~ents for stud~-~nE ~h~Z~+~=~ laboratory v:o~k on the deter!~ination of the elect~ical~o t d~~d linuidus tenoerat~es of c..~lori - electrolytes were made in a palladi~ cell. Back e.m.f, a~, polarization of electrodes were studied on industri~ cells, . � .- ~ic recordinc of current and voltage wzth osczlloe~.~Ph ....... ~-hor~ conclude that in the - � lO � 'zn~ ~- (Fzg~'7,~ ~-,,~loride-fluoride (f~ BaC12 + 2~% A~3 + electrolysis uz 17% t-~aP) ~d fluoride ~/~ AlP; + 1~% ~aF + 18% BaFp + ',ard 1/2 OaF2) ~r~ary P c th~ cathode is the- APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 06/08/2000 CTA-RDP86-00513R000204610003-5" "APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 06/08/2000 C1'A-RDP86-00513R000204610003-5 !i' !:-i - 10 / l-'~ Study of eloct!.cde :_)::J~:,l:;s,~:: in N..o olecti"oly{;ic r. efiuinj of al~ini~l. discN~.l'Se of .ii!il..~ii~ili.: ioLs ~%nA oN 'h~ ~ode tho electro- cheuic,'~ ............ ~]~'{;798 An Investigation of the Reaction (cont.) t~tanate. The stmultaneous presence of Ti and Fe oxides during the leac of alumina also weakens the ne~dtive effeci of TiO2 somewhat, The presenc~~ of MgO and BaO in addition to CaO increases alumina exiractmn ~n ,he lng of diaspore-bemite bauxiies. The best: results in lhe leaching of bauxi!es by NaOH solution are attained by adciitmn of M�O. GS ]., Bauxite components--Reaction 2. Au~',oc]ave--P,.-oeesses--~.pp~ca~io:',~ Card 2/2 APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 06/08/2000 CIA-RDP86-00513R000204610003-5" "APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 06/08/2000 C1'A-RDP86-00513R000204610003-5 137-58-4-6569 Translation from: Referativnyy zhurnal, Metallurgiya, 1958. Nr 4. p 36 (USSR) AUTHORS: Belyayev, A.I.~ Zhemchuzhina, Ye.A., Firsanova, L.A. TITLE: An Investigation of the Physical Chemical Properties �:f Alum- inum Bath Electrolyte Containing Magnesium Fluoride {Issle- dovaniye fiziko-khimicheskikh svoystv elektrolita alyu;-r~i- niyevykh vann, soderzhashchego ftoristyy magni�) PERIODICAL: Sb. nauchn tr. Mosk. in-t tsvetn-met, i zo]ota i VNITO t.svetn, metallurgii, 1957, Nr 26, pp 143-161 ABSTRACT: MgF depresses the temperature of onset of crystallization ofNaF+A1F3 melts more than does CaF2. The rate of'solu- tion of AI?.O3 in melts containing MgF2 is higher than that of melts containing CAF2. MgF2 increases the wetting angle of coal by NaF+A1F3 melts more than does CaF2, The critical D of melts of NaF+AIF3 with added MgF2 is greater than the critical D of the same melts containing CaF. Losses of A1 in melts ofNaF+AIF3 with added MgFZ are smaller than the losses of A1 in melts with added CaF2. When direct current is superimposed, the losses depend upon the Dk, while when Card 1/2 APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 06/08/2000 C1'A-RDP86-00513R000204610003-5" "APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 06/08/2000 C1'A-RDP86-00513R000204610003-5 137-58-4~6569 An Investigation of the Physical (cont.) D>0.2 amps/cra2, A1 losses diminish, Liberation of Na at the cathode is diminished somewhat by adding either CaF2 or MgF2. The density of NaF+AIF3 melts increases under the effect o� MgF2 to a lesser de~ree than under the effect of CaF2. The electric conductivity of NaF+A1F3 minishes under the effect of addition of 5% CaF2~ 5% MgF?_ a little more than under the effect of addition of ?~ CaFa. Or'the whole~- MgF2 exercises a more favorable effect on the physical chemical properties of the electro- lyre in A1 baths than does CaF2, and it is therefore desirable lo use. M�F2 as a component of the electrolyte, I,G. 1, llmminum coatings 2. Electrolytes--Properties--Analysis Ca rd 2/2 APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 06/08/2000 CIA-RDP86-00513R000204610003-5" "APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 06/08/2000 C1'A-RDP86-00513R000204610003-5 SOV/137-58- 7- 14644 TranslatiOn from:Referativnyy zhurnal, Metallurgiya, 1958, Nr 7, pl00(USSR) AUTHORS: TITLE: Belyayev, A.I., Firsanova, L.A. Melting Al-Si Alloys from Secondary Aluminum Treatment Slimes (Vyplavka splavov Al-Si iz shlamov ot pererabotki vtorichnogo alyuminlya) PERIODICAL: Sb. nauchn, tr. Mosk. in-t tsvetn, met. i zolota i VNITO tsvetn, metallurgii, 1957, Nr 26, pp 162-171 ABSTRACT: A description is offered of the results of laboratory and. larger-scale experiments in the melting of slimes and the dis- tillation of A1 from the alloys obtained. The possibility ~s established of obtaining Al-Si alloys containing 50-60% A1 :m reduction melts. These melts, enriched by filtration under pressure, can be used to distill pure Al via an A1 subchloride in a vacuum distillation furnace using graphite heaters. L.P. 1. Alumin~n-silieon alloys--Production Card 1/1 APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 06/08/2000 CIA-RDP86-00513R000204610003-5" "APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 06/08/2000 C1'A-RDP86-00513R000204610003-5 137-1958-2-2593 Translation from: Re�erativnyy zhurnal, Metallurgiya, 1958, Nr 2, p 55 (USSR) AUTHORS: Firsanova, L. A., ~_B, el~y~i~.,e3.:.~A_i,!L.,.: TITLE: Obtaining Pure Bery]lium Chloride by Chlorinating Beryl (Polucheniye chistogo khlorida ber~lliya khlorirovaniyem berilla) PI~.RIODICAL: Sb. nauchn, tr. Mosk. in--t tsvetn, met. i zolotaiVNITO tsvetn, metallurgii, 1q57, Nr 2.6, pp 184-192 ABSTRACT: Card 1/1 Laboratory tests were made to ascertain the feasibility of chlorinating beryl with C1Z and recovering pure BeC1Z from a mixture of Be, Al, Fe, and Si chlorides by vacuum distillation and re-distillation. The possibility is shewn of a direct chlorin- ation of beryl with C1Z in the presence of carl~onaceous substances at la00-1300�, with a resulting mixture of chlorides. Conditions of fractional distillation and vacuum re-distillation were studied in detail. The beryl used was composed of 11.5 percent BeO, 18.0 percent A1zO3, 60.0 percent SiOZ, 4.1 percent FezO3. Before vacuum distillation the BeC1Z conta;.ned 0.6 percent FeC13 and 1.59 percent A1C13~ Vacuum-distilled it contained 0.12 percent FeC13 and 0.086 percent A1CI3~ G.S. 1o Bery~_~vm ohloride-~Productiau--Theory APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 06/08/2000 C1'A-RDP86-00513R000204610003-5" "APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 06/08/2000 C1'A-RDP86-00513R000204610003-5 SOV/137-58-8- 16634 Translation from:Referativnyy zhurnal, Metallurgiya, 1958, Nr 8, p 55(USSR) AU T I-{O ItS: TITLE: Vatslavik, E., ~I. An Investigation of Melts of a Cryolite-Alumina-Alumimm~ Fluoride-N4agnesium Fluoride System as Electrolyte for thc Aluminum Bath (Issledovaniye rasplavov sistemy kriolit- glinozem-ftoristyy alyuminiy-ftoristyy ma?dy kak elektrolita alyuminiyevoy vanny) PERIODICAL: Sb. nauchn, tr. Mosk. in-t tsvetn, met. i zolota. 1957. Nr 27, pp 163- 177 ABSTRACT: Investigations of the physicochemical properties of cryolite melts containing MgFz {fusibility, density, electrical conduc~:- APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 06/08/2000 CIA-RDP86-00513R000204610003-5" "APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 06/08/2000 C1'A-RDP86-00513R000204610003-5 S�V/137-58-7- 1457.8 Translation from:Referativnyy zhurnal, Metallurgiya, 1958, Nr 7, p 84(USSR) AUTHORS: Matin, K.G., Belyayev, A.I. (~. - r '~e Behavior of Alumina in Aluminum-bath TITLE: An Investigation o: m v Electrolyte (Issledovaniye povedeniya glinozema elektrolite aiyuminiyevoy vanny) PERIODICAL: 5b. nauchn, tr. Mosk. in-t tsvetn, met. i' zolota, 1957, Nr 27, pp 178-192 ABSTRACT: A study is made of the effect of the temperature of the ca!- cination process and the addition of mineralizers on the phas. e alumina (A), and of changes in the bygrosc�pTM composition CitoYdOf A, of the fusibility diagram of cryolit? .a.ndi It 'is m ifications, and technical A) and of the rela:lonsmp solubility of A in cryolite melts to a number of factors. established that rapid dissolution of A is possible when it con- tains Z5-35% ~' zO3 ani when the grain size is 0.063-0.106 � A~. ' le to reduce calcination temperature mm. Thxs makes st poss, x.u~ ~rocess with neghgxble rxse by 100-150% (or to speea u~ ~, hygroscopicity. The addition of mineralizers on calcination rotary ovens is undesirable because of the high consumption of Card 1/Z APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 06/08/2000 CIA-RDP86-00513R000204610003-5" "APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 06/08/2000 C1'A-RDP86-00513R000204610003-5 SOV/137-58~7-1452.8 An Investigation of the Behavior of Alumina in Aluminum-bath Electrolyte fluoride salts. Emplosnnent of Awith elevated �-AlgO3 contents instead of A consisting of a-AIzO3 has a negligible effect on redu'cing the temperature of crystallization of the cryolite melt. All additions of sults to the fused cryolite inhibit A dissolution and reduce the degree of saturation of the elec:~ trolyte therewith. A standard for the amount of Ato be charged at one time is established, namely, < 8% of the amount of fused electrolyte. L.P. l. A!umium oxides--Processing 2, Elec%ro~vtes--u~epa~a%icn 3. Cryolite --Properties - Card 2/2_ APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 06/08/2000 C1'A-RDP86-00513R000204610003-5" "APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 06/08/2000 Cl'A-RDP86-00513R000204610003-5 SOV/!37-58-9- 18739 Translation from: Referativnyy zhurnal, Metallurgiya, 1958, Nr 9, p 84 (USSR) AUTHORS: TITLE: Garmata, V.A., Belyayev, A.I. Investigation of Electrode Processes in Electrolytic Refining of Aluminum (Issledovaniye elektrodnykh protsessov pti elek- troliticheskom rafinirovanii alyuminiya) PERIODICAL: Sb. nauchn, tr. Mosk. in-t tsvetn, met. i zolota, 1957, Nr 27, pp 193-?.14 ABSTRACT: Card 1 / 2 A study is made of the relationship of electrode potentials to current density, temperature, and melt composition in the case of a chloride-fluoride electrolyte (E) (60% BaC12, 23% AlF3, 17% NaF) and a pure fluoride E (48% A1F3, 18% NaF, 18% BaFZ, 16% CAF2). It is shown that the switching method of de- termining potentials is not applicable to the study of this pro- cess, in view of the comparatively small rate.of inc,'ease in electrode potentials, varying unevenly with c'd when the current is turned on, and also in relhtion to the rate of drop in elec- trode potentials which undergoes very great and uneven changes after disconnection of the polarizing current. The use of a APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 06/08/2000 CIA-RDP86-00513R000204610003-5" "APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 06/08/2000 C1'A-RDP86-00513R000204610003-5 SOV/137-58-9- 18739 Investigation of Electrode Processes in Electrolytic Refining of Aluminum magneto-optical oscilloscope to investigate high-speed electrode processes is recommended. The cathodic and anodic current efficiency of either E is studied. It is found that the current efficiency is 3-4% higher with pure fluoride E, and therefore the latter is more desirable than the chloride- fluoride type. The conclusion is drawn that contamination of the cathode metal by Cu is attributable to the fact that the surface of the anode electrode becomes low in Al, and this creates conditions favorable to Cu going into the melt and being precipitated at the cathode. The study performed con- firms the conclusion that the primary cathode process is the discharge of Ai3'~ ions. !. A!umin~m--Purifieation 2, Eleetr~es--Performnce 3. Electrolytes--Properties a. :?2et ro!y~,es--Chemical reactions Card APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 06/08/2000 CIA-RDP86-00513R000204610003-5" "APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 06/08/2000 C1'A-RDP86-00513R000204610003-5 Investt~ation of the physical and chemical properties of electrolytes for industrial alu~inu~ eleotrolyzers. Th'vet, met. 30 no.11~6-5} N (~lu~lnu~--Blec t ro~e tallurgy) (Rlectrolytes) APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 06/08/2000 C1'A-RDP86-00513R000204610003-5" "APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 06/08/2000 C1'A-RDP86-00513R000204610003-5 ZHT/~OV$�IY, Ye.I. prof.; BELYAYE~, A.I.~ prof.; EUZ~?SO�, S.I., dots. Conce~l~ the renew of the book by 7. A. ~zel' SAl~i~ ~od~tlon.' ~t. ~t. 30 no.11:82 N ~7. (~ 10~1~) 1. ~d~shchty ~edroy "Met~l~giya legkikh ~tallov" ~vero- ~v~zsk~o gorno-~tall~gicbesk~o instituta (for ~ovskiy). 2. 2a- ved~bchiy ~fe~oy "~etall~gi~ legkikh ~tallov" Moakovsk~o in- atituta t~et~vkh ~tallov i zolotm ira. M.I. ~alini~ (flor ~l~ev). 3. Zaved~shcbiy ~fedroy ~etall~gi~ legkikb ~tallcv" Ural~skogo politekhnicheak~o lnstltuta im. ~.M. [tro~ (for E~netaov~. (~) (~ze~', V.A.) APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 06/08/2000 CIA-RDP86-00513R000204610003-5" "APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 06/08/2000 C1'A-RDP86-00513R000204610003-5 BELYAYE�, A.I., professor. I~mort~ut contribution to the utiliz~tion off nstura! resources ~ our c~ut~; cn~bine trestment ~ ne,helines. Prir~a ~ no.~:~l~2 Je '57. (~ 10:7) 1. Ho,~ovskiy lnstitut tsvetnykh ~et&llo? i zolo~n im. ~!.I. E~lin[rm. (Neoheline) APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 06/08/2000 CIA-RDP86-00513R000204610003-5" "APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 06/08/2000 CTA-RDP86-00513R000204610003-5 81~lt APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 06/08/2000 CTA-RDP86-00513R000204610003-5" "APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 06/08/2000 C1'A-RDP86-00513R000204610003-5 ( Chic a~o--Met allur~y--C ou~re a me � ) APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 06/08/2000 C1'A-RDP86-00513R000204610003-5" "APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 06/08/2000 C1'A-RDP86-00513R000204610003-5 Translation from: AUTHORS: TITLE: SOV/137- 59- 1-462 Referativnyy zhurnal. Metallurgiya, 1959, Nr 1, p 58 (USSR) Belyayev,~:.. I., Firsanova, L.A. Refining of Aluminum by Distil!ation in Conjunction With Subhaloid Compounds {Rafinirovaniye alyuminiya distillyatsiyey cherez subgaloidny~ze soyedineniya) PERIODICAL: Izv. vyssh, uchebn, zavedeniy. Tsvetn. metallurgiya, 1958, Nr 1, pp I 16- ABSTRACT: The proces~s of refining of A1 by means of disti!lation {D) in conjunc- tion with subfluoride and subchloride was investigated with the aid a laboratory uacuum device; the behavior of impurities was studied concurrently. It was found that the behavior of the impurities is identical during D of Al with either subfluoride or subchloride. Si ;tnd Fe ma~, be present in the initial Al in significant quantities with- out passing into the refined metal; Cu, Ti, and Mn pass ~nto thc refined metal more readily, where Mg, Zn, and Ca pass into the final metal so easily that their concentration in the initial A1 must be kept to ~[ minimum. The purity of refined metal varies from Card I/2 99.8% Al, cluring D of Si-A1, to 99.999% A1 during D of primary Al. APPROVED FOR RELEASE: 06/08/2000 CIA-RDP86-00513R000204610003-5"

SCIENTIFIC ABSTRACT BELYAYEV, A. F. - BELYAYEV, A. I.