SCIENTIFIC ABSTRACT AKSELROD, Z.M. - AKSENENKO, V. M.

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: Scientific Abstracts
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP86-00513R000100720003-8
• Release Decision: RIF
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 100
• Document Creation Date: November 2, 2016
• Document Release Date: June 5, 2000
• Sequence Number: 3
• Publication Date: December 31, 1967
• Content Type: SCIENCEAB

IRSILOROD,Z.M. (Leningrad)
Investigation of a balanoe wheel-hair spring system at small
oscillation periods of the balance wheel. Issv.AN SSSR. Otd.
tekh.nauk no.10:84-89 0155. (KGRA 9:1)
(Chronometer)

124-1957-1-152
Translation from: Referativnyy zhurnal, Mekhanika, 1957, Nr 1, p 16 (USSR)
AUTHOR: Aksellrod, Z.M.
TITLE: Theoretical and Experimental Investigation of Clockwork Mechan-
isms Having a Free Anchor Motion With a Short Oscillatory Period
of the Balance Wheel (Teoreticheskoye i eksperimentallnoye
issledovaniye chasovykh mekhanizmov so svobodnym ankernym
khodom s malyrn periodom kolebaniya balansa)
PERIODICAL: Sb. statey Leningr. in-ta tochnoy mekhan. i optiki, 1955,
Nr 17, pp 3-29
ABSTRACT: The present investigation of clockwork mechanisms having a
short oscillatory period is intended for their application in the
measurement of brief time intervals. By integrating the non-
linear equations of the oscillatinR syatcm of the mechanism,
wherein account is taken of a constant friction and a 'resistance
proportional to the square of the speed of the balance, formulas
are derived for the com'putation of the relationship between the
oscillatory period and the amplitude and between the amplitude
and the moment on the escape wheel. An analysis of these
Card 1/2 formulas shows that, in order to maintain isochronic motion

IZ4-1957-1-152
Theoretical and,Experimental Investigation of Clockwork (cont. )
when the oscillatory period of the balance is reduced (as a
result of a decrease of its moment of inertia and an increase in
the stiffness of the coil spring), the moment on the escape
wheel must be- increased. An experimental investigation is
described in substantiation of the theoretical results. The
smallest oscillatory period, 0.0047 to 0.0030 sec, was attained
on a watch balance with free anchor motion. The starting-
impulse device on instruments intended for the measurement of
brief time periods should impart to the balance an initial ampli-
tude that should be as close as possible to its steady-state
amplitude.
A. S. Alekseyev
1. Clocks--Mechanism--Theoretical analysis
Card Z/z

124-1957-1-154
Translation from: Referativnyy zhurnal, Mekhanika, 1957, Nr 1, p 17 (USSR)
AUTHOR: Aksell rod, Z. M.
TITLE: Comparative Investigation of the Operational Accuracy of Regu-
lators Having Free Anchor Motion (Sravnitellnoye issledovaniye
regulyatorov so svobodnym ankernym khodom po tochnosti
deystviya)
PERIODICAL: Sb. st. Leningr. in-ta tochnoy mekhan. i optiki, 1955, Nr 17,
pp 30-48
ABSTRACT: Equations are obtained for the relationship between the basic
parameters of a regulator having a free anchor motion due to
either an unbalanced fork or an impulse angle between the tooth
on the escape wheel and the pallet. A comparative study of free
anchor motions is carried out and it is shown that the basic
varieties of free anchor motion provide roughly the same accuracy
in the clockwork mechanism.
A. S. Alekseyev
Card 1/1 1. Clocks--Mechanisms--Tlieoretical analysis

SOV/124-57-7-7541
Translation from: Referativnyy zhurnal. Mckhanika, 1957, Nr 7, p 12 (USSR)
AUTHOR: Aksellrod, Z. M.
TITLE: An Investigation of the Effect of Varying the Parameters of a Con-
strained Watch Escapement on the Period and Amplitude of the Balance
Vibrations (Issledovaniyc vliyaniya izi-neneniya parametrov spusko-
vogo regulyatora s nesvobodnym khodom na period i arnplitudu
kolebaniya balansa)
PERIODICAL.- - Sb. statey Leningr. in-ta tochnoy mekhan. i optiki, 1955, Nr 17.,
pp 49-63
ABSTRACT: For the case of a constrained watch escapement the author inves--
tigates the effect exerted by the various individual escapement para-
meters on the period and amplitude of the vibrations of the balance.
Methods are proposed for selecting for the parameters those values
from which any minor deviations, such as frequently occur in mass-
production processes, will not greatly affect the balance -vibration
period.
Card 1/1 A. S. Alekseyev

SOV/124-58-1-110
Translation from: Referativnyy zhurnal, Mekhanika, 1958, Nr 1, p 14 (USSR)
AUTHOR: Aksel' rod, Z. M.
TITLE: Experimental Inves6"gation of the Free Damped Oscillations of a
Balance-wheel - Hairspring System (Eksperimentallnoye issledova-
niye svobodnykh zatukhayushchikh kolebaniy sisterny balans -- volosok)
PERIODICAL: Sb. statey Leningr. in-ta tochnoy mekhan. i optiki, 1955, Nr 17, pp
64-74
ABSTRACT: A description of experimental data on the study of the free (damped)
oscillations of a clock-type balance wheel. On the basis of qualitative
considerations the author derives conclusions relative to the effect on
the damping rate of dry, linear, and second-power friction.
Yu. I. Neymark
Card 1/1

AUTHOR-.
TITLE:
-r -T
PHASE I BOOK EXPLOTATION
See Table of Contents
180
Theory and Design of Instrument-components in Precision Mechanics
(Teoriya i raschet elementav priborov tochnoy mekhaniki); Collect-
ed articles, Nr 22(Sbornik statey, Vyp. 22)
PUB. DATA: Gos. nauchno-tekhn. izd-vo mashinostroitellnoy literatury,
Moscow-Leningrad, 1957, 168 pp. 6500 copies
CRIG. AGENY: Leningradskiy institut tochnoy mekhaniki i optiki
EDITOR: Bogdanovich, M. M., Cand. of Tech. Science, Docent; Ed. In-Chief;
Bol'shakov, S. A.; Ed. of Pub. House: Borodulina, I. A.; Tech.
Ed.: Sokolava, L. B.
PURPOSE: This collection is intended for engineer, technical and scientific
personnel working in the field of instrument manufacturing. It
may also be useful to students engaged in instrument-manufacturing
studies at institutions of higher education.

Theory and Design of Instrument-components in Precision Mechanics (Cont.)
COVERAGE:
180
The following, subjects are discussed; theory and precision of
clock mechanisms and design of their component parts, such as
conoids and elastic st6el-band transmissions; determination of
the line of action of forces acting on the specimen in tension
and compression tests; screwed connections of machine parts;
torque developed in a spherical gyroscope; graphic and analytical
method for determining limits of changing of variable vector- com-
ponente; determination of the relative position of links in three-
dimensional link mechanisms.

Theory and Design of Instrument-components in Precision Mechanics (cont.) 180
8. Aksblfrod, Z. M., Candidate of Tec4mical Sciences, Docent. Theoretical
and Experimental Investigation of Clock Mechanisms With Forced Movement
and Small Oscillation Period-of the Balance Wheel- 106
The author derives and analyses the principle equations for determing
the-effect of actuating mcment on the period and amplitude of balance
wheel 01 clock mechanisms.
9. Aksel!rod, Z. M. Stablization of the Oscillation Period of A Balance
Wheel Connected with the Movement Mechanism by Means of a Hair Spring
H"ing a Non-linear Restoring Mcment 127
The anthor discusses the'effect of non-4inea3ity 'of the hair spring
restoring mament on the 'characteristics of.a, regulating mechanism
equipped with free movement of the tie bar.
10. Akse~'.rod,,Z. M. Chronometer Imyulse Stabilizers 154
T~e authoi points'o~ut'liper-feeii6as'io:e'existinj mechanic-al chronoketerS
and discusses some more accurate typ6s.'
AVAILABLE: f&b~rary of Congress
GO/gmp.
Card 5/5 May 21,1958

124-58-6-6338
Translation from: Referativnyy zhurnal, Mekhanika, 1958, Nr 6, p 8 (USSR)
AUTHOR: Ak5el'rod, Z-r_~
TITLE: A Study of Continuous -rotation Speed Regulators (Issledovaniye
regulyatorov skorosti nepreryvnogo vrashcheniya)
PERIODICAL; V sb. ; Tekbnol. priborostroyeniya. Moscow- Leningrad,
Mashgiz, 1957, pp 81-100
ABSTRACT: A study was made of the movements of high-precision mechan-
ical speed regulators. The effect of the parameters of a regula-
tor on the precision of its operation was investigated, and methods
are recommended for the selection of optimal parameters which
will attain greater precision. It is proposed that the regulators
have a differential gear with a correction system.
i. Speed regulators--Analysis G. M. Glanov
Card 1/1

sov/123-59-15-6ol48
Translation h*om; Referativnyy zhurnal. Mashinostroyeniye, 1959,- Nr -15, p 178 (USSR)
AUTHOR: AXsellrod,,24M4~4-
T=: Theoretical and Experimental Investigations of Watch Mechanisms With a
Restricted Run With a low Oscillation Period of the Balance
PERIODICAL: V sb.: Teoriya i raschet elementov priborov tochnoy mekhaniki. Moscow -
Leningrad, Mashgiz, 1957, pp 106 - 126
ABSTRACT: The starting regulators of watch mechanisms are investigated, which are
destined for the measurement of small time intervals. The magnitude of
the oscillation period of the balance reaches up to 0.003 see. In such
mechanisms the moment of inertia j is, at low oscillation periods T of
the balance, very small, while the rigidity of the hair spring, with only
a small number of turns, is considerable. The differential equation of
the balance run for the half period is examined. When calculating the
equation-it is assumed that the torque of the hair spring is in proportion
to the deflection angle of the balance, that there is a constant friction
in the system and that this friction is in proportion to the square of the
Card 1/3 angular velocity of the balance, and that the moment of resistance of the

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CBS A '9eT.,o&s

SOV/123-59-15-W148
Theoretical and Experimental Investigations of Watch Mechanisms With a Restricted Run
With a low Oscillation Period of the Balance
pitch of the drive wheel, i.e. at a conjugation of the balance with a cylinder type
r=.,:Such a run is distinguished by a comparatively great stability, whi,~h can,'be in-
creased by a reduction of the opening (aperture) in the cylinder. The smallest period
obtained at the pilot installation amounted to approximately 0.0026 see. The results
of the-tests for a reduction of the oscillation period by replacing the hair springs
showed that it is necessary, when using a more rigid hair spring, to increase the moment
of the drive considerably in order to keep the amplitude of oscillation constant. The
necessity of designing a drive with a considerable moment is one of the main reasons
limiting the possibility of obtaining small oscillation periods. A considerable re-
duction of the.-oscillation period (from 0.03 to 0.0026 see) on account of a decrease
in the moment of inertia of the balance permits to construct a watch mechanism with a
wide speed range of the receiving axis, but with an increase in the coefficient of non-
uniformity of the regulator and, consequently, with a reduced accuracy of the watch run.
K.A.M.
Card 3/3

SOV/123-59-16-64896
Translation from: ReferativVy zhurnal. Mashinostroyeni7e, 1959, Nr 16. p 173 (USSR)
AUTHOR: Akse1:'rod,,Z.M.
TI=t Stabilizing,! the. -Osail-lation- -Poriod of the.,Ba-lance.-Comected.:to-the~Running
'Oear WiWthe Aid,.of a Hair Spring With a Nonlinear Restoring Moment
PERIODICAL: V ab. -:. Teomiya i raschet, elemerctov- priborov tochnoy mekhaniki. M. -L.,
Mashgiz, 1957, 127 - 153
ABSTRACT: The effects of-the nonlineard*;t~'6f the rostering moment of,the hair
spring (spiral) of a watch,. balande,:,...,donn8dXe4t*tth the running gear, oji,'
the dynamiec.eharactepistics bf-therlstartinK regiUator (dependence of
osb1llhtioh_,V9rA*ft-~cn its aml)litudo) are investigated, The possibilities.
of a reciprodal -. bompensation:.of-the effactsi of the runnin&.geat. and of % the
nonlinearity of,the spiral: =-the perioduof oscillation-.at. certain.values
and signs of the!nonl-inearity coefficient are studied. It is suggested to
solve the differential equation'of the balance motion -by the method of
adjusting the initial conditions by seotions of the oscillation proce3s.
In this;wity'the restoring moment of the hair spring is expressed
Card 1/3 approxiiiately by the odd polynomial of the third degree M - k ( -f + Ey3)

SOV/123-59-16-64896
Stabilizing.-.the.0sciUatlbn.-Period of the Balance Connected to the Running Gear With
the Aid of a,Hair Spring With a Nonlinear Restoring Moment.
but for the sections of angles of momentum and release by..the-linear relation M = kkp.
The period of oacillation-of the.'balance is represented by-the sum of the times the -
balance requites to -cover, the individual sections. .. -An -exprestiion is derived connecting
the amplitude-of oscillation with the torque at the driving wheal. According to the
formulae obtained (based on the example of the starting regulator of the "Zarya" watch)
the dynamic characteristics-of the regulator for three-values of the norilinearity co-
efficient are.determined. It is mentioned that in'the case of E4 0 (elastic-soft
spiral) It is,possible to obtain such a section of -characteristics in whloh.the period
of oscillation changes only insignificantly; thereby the compensation of,the effects of
the running gftr.on the period of oscillation is effected. The solution of-the
differential equation of the balance motion by the method of approximation (asymptotic
method) by NjM. Krylov and N.N. Bogolyubov is also given. For the calbulation of the
effects of the running gear.formulae are used which were obtained earlier by the-method
of adjustment':(if C, - 0) . By -summing ~ the curves characterizing the effects of the
nonlinearity of the hair spring.on,the,effeots of the running gear, the author points
out that, at certain values of the nonlinearity coefficient 6 and F-1 it is possible
to obtain the compensation of the effects of the running gear on the period of
Card 2/3

sav/i23-59-~-16-64896
Stabilizing the Oacillation Period of the Balance Connected to the Running Gear With
the Aid of a Hair Spring With a Nonlinear Restoring Moment
oscillation. It is stated that the characteristics of the hair spring, which permit
the compensation of the effects.of.the running gear, can be obtained both by the aid
of the hair springs, the modulus of elasticity of which depends on the amplitude of
oscillation and by using the interaction between the hair spring and--the pins of the
dial. Three examples of the position of thi~~hair spring in the diai pins are in-
vestigated. 5 references.
K.A.M.
Card 3/3

AKSIVROD, Z.M,, kandidat tekhnicheakikh nRuk-
. -28I.Aud- 8 dymmice of escapement regulators with potential
ArITOWNW111%ating th (VMA 103:9)
. drives. Priborostroenis no,7:-14-17 A t579 ments) .
(Olooke and watohe,67,711scaPO ... - I

AKSALBROD, Z.H.0 kand. tekhn. nauk, dots.
Theoretical and experimental investigation of watch mechanisms
having bound movement and very short period of balance wheal
oscillations. Sbor. st. LITO no,22':-106-126 05% (MIRA 11:2)
(Clocks and watches--Repairing and adjusting)

AXIMLIRODO Z.H., kand, takhn,nauko dots.
64-ft-M& ~-~,S
Stabilizing the oscillation period of balance wheels connected
with movement by hair springs having nonlinear re-eRtablishing ,
moments. Sbor. at. LITO no.22:127-153 157, (MIRA 1l#..2)
(Cloaks and watches-Repairing and adjusting)

az:SLIHOD, Z.H., kand. takhn. nauk, dots.
- MWOMMMENWO- -
Pulse stabilizers used in cbronometers. Sbor. st. IITO no,22:154-
167 '57. (MIU Il.-2)
(Ghronometer)

124-58-9-9513
Translation from: Referativnyy zhurnal, Mekhanika, 1958, Nr 9, p 9 (USSR)
AUTHOR: Aksell rod.
TITLE: Investigation of the Dynamics of a Speed Governor With
Alternating Motion (Issledovaniye dinamiki regulyatora s
vozvratnym khodom)
PERIODICAL: Sb. nauchn. tr. kafedr matem. , mekhan. , khimii. Leningr.
in-t tochnoy rnekhan. i optiki, 1957, Nr 24, pp 45-70
ABSTRACT: An escapement-type speed governor with alternating motion,
,in which the escape wheel and the anchor are kinematically
connected over a significant part of the amplitude of the oscill A
tions of the balance and in which the moment of inertiu of the
balance is greater than the moment of inertia of the escape wheel.
is considered as a nonlinear system with one degree of freedom
-with due consideration of the profiles of the pallet, the friction
between a tooth of the escape wheel and a pallet, the impact. oi a
tooth against a pallet and the additional angles of rotation of the
balance following an impact. The impulse moment and the re-
duced moment of inertia of the balance are assumed as linear
Card I/Z functions of the angular position of the balance. The periodic

124-58-9-9513
Investigation of the Dynamics of a Speed Governor With Alternating Motion (cont,
motion of the governor and its stability are to be found. It is stated that in an
earlier work of the same author [ Regulyatory skorosti v priborostroyenii
(Speed Governors in Instrument Making). Moscow, Mashgiz, 1949] the deriva-
tion of the possible instability of the operation of such a governor was erron-
eous.
A. S. Alekseyev
1. Dynamics 2. Speed regulators--Mathematical analysis 3. Speed regulators
--Motion 4. Speed regulators--Stability 5. Mechanics--Theory
Card 2/2

--A]=L'ROD, - Z .141. , kand. takhn. nauk
Investigating the dynamics of escapement with new type chroho-
motor movement. Izv.vys.ucheb.zav.; prib. no.3:84-94 '58'
(MIRL 12:~)
1. Leaingradakiy institut tonkoy mekhaniki i optiki.
(Clocks and watches Escapement)

24(4) SOV/159-58-3-26/31
AUTHOR-. Aksellrodi Z.M.
TITLE: An Investigation of the Influence of the Rotation of
an Object on a Frictional Rest Escapement
PERIODICAL: Nauchnyye doklady vysshey shkoly, Mashinostroyeniye i
Priborostroyeniye, 1958, Nr 3, PP 185-189 (USSR)
ABSTRACT: Clock mechanisms with anchor escapements and balances
are installed on rotating objects in a number of bran-
ches of contemporary engineering. Therefore, the au-
thor studied the influence of external forces, arising
during the rotation of the object, on the escapementv
He obtained formulae for determining the parameters
and operating conditions of the escapement. These
parameters provide a high accuracy of the clock move-
ment within a wide range of aAg'ular velocity changes
of the object. He presents a differential equation of
the self-oscillatory motion of the balance using the
approximation method of N.M. Krylov and N.N. Bogolyu-
Card 1/2 bov. Figure 2 shows the dependence of 4 T/T on the

SOV/159-58-3-26/31
An Investigation of the Influence of the Rotation of an Object on
a Frictional Rest Escapement
angular velocity of the object. Figure 3 shows the
dependence of the oscillation amplitude of the ba-
lance on the angular velocity of the object. There
are 3 graphs, 1 diagram and 3 Soviet references.
This'a_-tiels was pro-sented by the
Leningradskiy institut tochnoy mekhaniki i optiki
(Lenin rad Institute of Precision Mechanics and
Optics5
SUBMITTED: March 27, 1958
Card 2/2

S/124/6o/1ooo/Uo4/0o5/o27
A005/AO01
Translation from; Referativnyy zhurnal, Mekhanika, 1960, No. 4, p. 21, # 434o
AUTHORt Aksel'rod, Z.M.
k~
TITLEt Investigations of the Dynamics of Starting Governors HavIng Impulse
Stabilizers
PERIODICAL- Nauchn. tr. Leningr. in-t tochnoy mekhan. i optiki, 1958, No. 32,
pp. 40-58
TECT: Certain impulse stabilizer variants for small-dimene-lon time keep-Bra
are described. Formulae are given (without proof) correlatLig the relative In-
crease in the balance oscillation period with the design parameters of lever
watches without impulse stabilizer and for the same watchea 9upplied with an
impulse stabilizer. A comparison of the dynamical characteristics is carried
out for numerical parameter value94
N.N. Bautin
Translator's note: This is the full trAnslation of the original Russian abstract.
Card 1/1

I AKSELIROD Z M,, kand.tekhn.uauk, dots,
Investigating the ocourence of stopping of the natural Tibration
movement in watches. Lsv,vyS,Uohebz&v.; prib. n0-1:81-87 '59-
(MMA 12: 11)
1. Leningradakiy lustitut toehuoy mekhaniki i optiki.
(Olooke and watchoo-Testing)

A
(3) SOV/146-59-2-15/23
AUTHOR: Aksellrod, 9.M., Candidate of Technical Sciences
TITLE: Research of Clock Dynamics by Method of Slow Chang-
ing Coefficients
PERIODICAL: Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedenly - priborostroy-
eniye, 1959, Nr 2, pp 92-1102 (USSR)
,,BSTRACT: This article deals with the approximate method of
slow changing coefficients for research of clock
balance oscillating movement under action of external
forces. This method developed by the Soviet scien-
tists is used for determining the influence of un-
balance and non-linearity of the hair spring restor-
ing moment on the balance oscillating movement. For
determining the moving node influence on the period
and amplitude, the method of linear approximation
is applied. The author analyzes a clock of free-
lever type (Fig 1). Having established dependence
between the angular velocity of the object on which
the clock is mounted and the balance oscillation
period valueo on the one hand, and between the period
klard /3
-7 --- __ -

SOV/146-59-2-15/23
Research of Clock Dynamics by Method of Slow Changing Coefficients
and the amplitude, on the other hand, the author
draws the following conclusion: The above-mentioned
method enables solving a definite number of problems
pertaining to the theory of clocks. It is applicable
also in those cases where the oscillating system is
near to the system used in common pocket- and wrist
watches. This method permits receiving of simple
and clear formulae for studying the influence of
certain slight non-;;linearities on the balance oscil--;
lating movement. The possibility of decreasing the
influence of external forces on the peiiod and oscil-
lation amplitude of the balance by means of altera-
tion of the oscillating system parameters is estab-
lished. It has been demonstrated that when the ob-
ject's angular velocity and, consequentlyq the centri-
fugal force are increased, the clock accuracy is
diminished and the balance oscillation amplitude is
decreased. Recommended by the Kafedra pribarov
.L ters).
Card 2/3 vremeni (Chair of Time-Me

SOV/146-59-2-15/23
Research of Clock Dynamics by Method of Slow Changing Coefficients
There are 3 tables, 2 diagrams, and 7 Soviet refer-
ences.
ASSOCIATION: Leningradskiy in'stitut tochnoy mekhaniki i optiki
(Lenin rad Institute of PrecisIon Mechanics and .
opti 1)
SUBMITTED: Januar~' 27, 1959 V/1-1/
Card 3/3

AXSELIROD, Z.H., dotient, kand.tekhn.nauk
Investigating the effect
trigger regulator with a
sav.; prib. no.3:72-86
of a centrifugal ovorload on the
free anchor movement Izv.vys.ucheb.
t59. iMh 13:4)
1. Laningradakiy institut tochnoy makhaniki i optiki. Rekomendovana
kafedroy priborov vremeni.
(Clocks an(I watches--Escapements)

SOV/146-2-4-14/10,
AUTHOR: Aksellrod Z.M., Candidate of Technical Sciences,
TITLE: Experimental Investigation Into the Effect of Centri.-
fugal Overload on the Accuracy of Watches
PERIODICAL: Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedeniy. Priborostroye-
niye. 1959, Nr 4, pp 106-119 (USSR)
ABSTRACT: Information is given on a laboratory test installa-
tion and a method of experimental study of watches.
The installation and its photo-electric pickup are
shown in a diagram and a photograph (Figures 1, 2).
The test installation platform can be rotated at
50 to 800 r.p.m.; the maximum centrifugal overload
is 110 g; the d.c. motor driving power is 0.5 kw;
the installation uses a "FS-A4" photoresistance and
Card 1/3 a "SM-30" illuminating lamp. The information includeV

SOV/146-2-4-14/19
Experimental Investigation Into the Effect of Centrifugal Over-
load on the Accuracy of Watches
test results for a watch of the Pervyy moskovskiy
chasovoy zavod (The First Moscow Watch Plant).
The following conclusions are made: the dynamic
characteristics of the watch at centrifugal over-
loads depend on 1) the amplitude curve of the
watch performance, 2) the direction of the centrifu-
gal forces with respect to the working parts of the
workin -node and unbalanced lever (Figures 5a and
6), 3~ the intensity of the friction increase in
the directional lever axes, and 4) on the chan-
ging character of the hair-spring recovery moment
when the centrifugal overload is increased. The
smaller the lever weight, the smaller is the cen-
trifugal overload effect on the. lever oscillation
period; the higher the kinetic energy of the
Card 2/3 lever, the smaller is the centrifugal overload

SOV/'146-2-4-14/19
Experimental Investigation Into the Effect of Centrifugal Over-
load on the Accuracy of Watches
effect on the lever's oscillation period and the
accuracy of the watch higher. The experimental re-
sults accord well with those obtained theoretically
/-Reference 3 7. This article was recommended by
Ehe Kafedra pHborov vremeni (The Chair of Time In-
struments). There are 2 photographs, 2 diagrams,
2 tables, 3 sets of graphs, 2 graphs, and 3 Soviet
references.
ASSOCIATION: Leningradskiy institut tochnoy mekhaniki i optiki
(The Leningrad Institute of Precision Mechanics and
Optics)
SUBMITTED: June 22, 1959 V/
Card 3/3

24(6)
SOV/146-2-5-13/19
AUTHOR- Aksel, Candidate of Technioal Sciences,
Docent
TITLE: An Experimental Investigation Into the Effect of
Vibration on Clockwork Action
PERIODICAL: Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedeniy, Priboro-
stroyeniye, 1959, Nr 5, PP 80 - 90 (USSR)
ABSTRACT: Information is given on an experimental investiga-
tion into the effect of vibration on clockwork
action. The test installation is illustrated by
diagram (Figure 1) and photograph (Figure 2a.).
Engineer S.K. Starshinov developed a device
(Figure 2b) for studying the effects of vibration
on the free damped oscillations of the balance.
Characteristics and basic components of the in-
stallation are as follows: a 11E-12;~recording
device which prints the watch's performance on
Card 1/3 a moving tape; a "VS-6811 vibration stand with a
~_;d (

SOV/146-2-5-13/19
An Experimental Investigation Into the Effect of Vibration on
Clockwork Action
vertical table-vibration amplitude of 0.1 to 5 mm;
a maximum vibration acceleration of 25 g; the
capacity to test objects of up to 15 kg; an oscil-
lation frequency of 5 to 80 cycles; an "FS-A4"
photo-resistance; an "SM30" illuminating lamp;
a feed voltage of 26 volts. Tests with a watch
having a relatively high balance disequilibrium
showed that vibration generates a positional error
far higher than that in a watch not subject to
vibrations. By increasing the balance oscillation
amplitude, it is possible to reduce the positional
error. The results obtained can be used for im-
proving or developing vibration-proof watches.
This article was recommended by the Kafedr r
borov vremeni (The Chair of Time Instruments
There are 1 photograph, 2 diagrams, ? graphs,
Card 2/3 2 tables, and 2 Soviet references.

AKSELIROD, Z. M.
Doe Tech Sci - (diss) "Dynamics of drain regulators of velocity."
Leningrad, 1961. 27 PP; (Ministry of Higher and Secondary Spec-
ialist Education RSFSR, Leningrad Polytechnic Inst imeni M. I.
Kalinin); 150 Copies; price not given; list of author's works
on pp 26-27 (24 entries); (KLI 5-61 sup, 186)

AKSELIROD, Z.M.
StAbili2ing natural-vibration period of the balance in an
escapement baving a new-ty-,e nonfree movement. Izv.Vys.ucheb.
~zav.; prib. 4 no.3:83-94 161. (MIM 14: 6)
1. Leningradskiy ifistitut tochnoy mekhaniki i optiki. Rekomendovana
kafedroy priborov ~remeni.
I (Glocks and watches--Escapements)

AMELIROD, Z.H.
Analysis of the performance of an electric winding mechanism.
Izv.vys.uchab.zav.,- prib. 5 ub.5:90-97 162. (KM 15:9)
1. Leningradskiy institut tochnoy mekhaniki i Optiki.
Rekomendovana kafedroy priborov vremeni.
(Clocks and watches) (Electric bontrollers)

AKSZJROD3-Z,.~. ~
Investigating the dynamics of miniature electric clocks. Izv%
vys. ucheb. zav.; prib. 6 no.2:78-88 '63.
(MIRA 16:4)
1, Ianingradskiy institut tochnoy mekbaniki i optiki. Reko-
mendovana kafedroy priborov vremeni.
(Clocks, Electric)

I I
AIMLOROD) Z.M.
.Investigation of an electromechanical escapement with a potential
drive. Izv.vys.uch9b.zav.; prib. 6 no.3:96-106 163. (MIRA 16:9)
1. Leningradskiy institu-t tochnoy mel&wniki i optiki. Rekomendovana,
kafedroy vremeni,

~__A~gk'RODp Z.M.
Using watch regulators as frequency transducers of slowly changing
linear accelerations. Izv.vys.ucheb.z&v.;'prib., 6 *no.6:93-103
163. OffRA 17:3)
1. Leningradskiy institut tochnoy mekhaniki i optiki.
Rekomendovana kafedroy priborov vremeni.

AKS-EL-'BQD,-4.,tf-
Investigating small electric clocks with an indirect-action
electric drive. Izv.vys.ucheb.zav.; prib. 7 no.2:133-1-41 164.
(MIRA 18:4)
1. Loningradskiy institut tochnoy mekhan3ki I optiki. Rekomendo-
vana hafedroy priborov vremeni.

AKSEL I ROI), Z.-M.
Theor7 of electric noncontact clocks. Izv.vya.ucheb.zav.; prib.
8 no,1:143-150 165. (MIRA 3.8:3)
1. Leningradskiy institut tochnoy mekhaniki i optiki. Rekomendovana
kafedroy priborov vremeni.

V-4 -4 C-1

MO
Card 2/Z

17
for
4ttable ol.s m

"On the use nf h, rod,,rnw; ir) '-f- ' 'j.i~
yd, A
dj~s.,)Intiaii of sulid partlole!~Il. Llvov, 1~1155, Nin EiTiir Education
Ukrainian SSR. Donets Order of L-abor Red iianricr industrial inst
imeni !;. 'S. Khrishchev. (Dissertat.Lon for the Degrue of Gaiididate
of Techiii--al Science.)
SO; Knizlina-,:a Letopis', No. 41, 22 October lgl-,q. Iloscow

ical Industries - processes and Apparatus for
a and Equipment for Chem Chemical Technology) K-1
,,~SSR/proeesse
Abet journal: Referat ZbUr Khimiya, 140 19, 1956, 63949
.hor.. Aksellrud,
AU+
Institution: None ion of Solid Particies-~*.in- eZ 4ppaTatus Aq"IV ed
yinetics of DissOlut
Title:
with a stirrer
in-ta, 1955, No 29, 63-80
original h. zap- L'vo,,k* Politekhn.
1: Nauc motion of a
Periodica racterize the
tial equations that c"a tirrer; Vrocess-
Abstract% Deri'ved are differen an apparatus provided with a B sults in de-
Bolid particle within similarity theory re ly were
ing Of these equations by method" Of rmined experimental
Lla'r:LtY criteria. Dete
termination of siml e stirrer equipped ap-
sets or operation conditions Of th rotation of the
several g at law speed of the bottm Of
iive) Or-currin stationary on
paratuo; (1) PasE olid particles remain are in a
stirrerp when the centrifugal) during which the particles
the apparatus;
Card 1/2

1~
:k 2
I . . .. ~.; , ~ -*:~-, -n-t x
. - i - , 1---, "
'" : ~F q Ra
: ~ ;~ -. I
.,i -.-. -,
i ~
W

MNL!a~~~~~ESEWVSKIY, T.M. , tekhn. red.
[Theory of the diffusion extraction of substances from
porous bodies]Teoriia diffuzionnogo izvlecheniia veshchestv
iz poristykh tel. LIvov, LIvavskii politekhn. in-t, 1959.
233 P. (NIRA 15:11)
(Extraction (Chemistry)) (Diffusion) (Porous materials)

o5834
5(4) SOV/76-33-10-32/45
AUTHOR: Akselfrud, G. A.
TITLE: Theory of the Diffusion Extraction of Substances From Porous
Bodies. I. The Equations of Extraction Kinetics
PERIODICAL: Zhurnal fizicheskoy khimii, 1959, Vol 33, Nr 10,
PP 2316 - 2324 (USSR)
ABSTRACT; The motion of the substance in extraction may be divided
into'two stagess 1) transfer of the substance inside the porous
body to its surface (internal diffusion); 2) transition from
the surface into the bulk of the liqAid (external difftision).
Internal diffusion was investigated by P. 11. Silin (Ref 1) et al
by applying Fick's law, and A. V. Lykov (Refs 2,3) preBented a
systematic interpretation of the theory of internal diffililion.
Progresa has also been made in the study of external diffusion
thanks to publications by V. G. Levioh (Ref 4). This artiole
deals with extraction from a porous body the pores of whioh
are filled -with the extraction liquid. The porous bodies are
assumed to be monodisperse, homogeneous and isotropic (as, re-
gards diffusion of the solute), Differential equations of the
material balance and the boundary conditions are deduced for
Card 1/2 periodic, parallel-flow and counterflow extraction. Integration

5 (4)
AUTHOR:
8/076/60/034/01/014/044-
Aksellrud, G. A, BOOS/BO14
The Theory of Diffusion Extraction of SubstancosProm Porous
Bodies. II. Kinetics of.Extraction From a Polydisperse
Mixture of Porous Particles
PERIODICALs Zhurnal-fizicheskoy khimii, 1960, Vol 34, Nr 1,-pp 86-91
(USSR)
ABSTRACT: The author studied the extraction kinetics of spherical parti-
cles of various size which form a polydisperse mixture. The'
weight-distribution of the particles with respect to their
size was given. The polydisperse mixture is practically al-
ways composed of particles the size of which changes on tran-
sition from one particle to the other. Such a mixture is
characterized by the distribution function L(R). If L(R) is
experimentally determined and graphically representedp it is
possible to determine the integral fE(R,t)L(R)dR numerically
(R)
or graphically for any instant t (R is the particle radius).
Card 1/2 Direct integration is possible for some distribution func-

The Theory of Diffusion Extraction of Substances From S/076/60/034/01/014/044
Porous Bodies. II. Kinetics of Extraction From a B008/BO14
Polydisperse Mixture of Porous Particles
tion8. Next, the author derives equations for the extraction
kinetics from a polydisperse mixture of particles which are
isotropic with respect to diffusion. The application of the
results obtained is exemplified. A figure on p 90 illustrates
the graphic. solution of the characteristic equation. Very
accurate values of the roots of the characteristic equation
are obtained by the iteration method without any graphical
representation. By substitution into equation (5) one ob-
tains the desired kinetic equations. There- are I figure and
4 Soviet references.
ASSOCIATION: Llvovskiy politekhnicheskiy institut (Llvov Polytechnic
Institute)
SUBMITTED: March 31, 1958
Card 2/2

AUTHORt AksellrudV Go A* 5/076/60/034/02/005/044
B010/B015
TITLE: Theory of the Diffusion Extraction of Substances From Porous
Bodies. Ill. Kinetic Heterogeneity of the Pores
PERIODICALi, Zhurnal fizioheskoy khimii, 1960, Vol 34P Wr 2, pp 278-286 (USSR)
ABSTRAM The influence of the structure of porous bodies upon the *xtrac-
tion kinetics is discussed, and the term "kinetic heterogeneity"
of the pores as deriv*d by P. G. Romankov and Sao Chzhi-*eYuan1
(Ref 1) is pointed outo The existence of two types of porous
bodies is assumed. One of them may be represented by particles
adhering to one another, is isotropic with respect to diffusion,
and has "kinetically homogeneous" pores. The other type is charac-
terized by irregularly distributed pores of different.size and
shape. A system of ideal pores (cylindrical or spherical) is.as-
sumed in order to carry out an analytical investigation of the
laat-mentioned type of pores. For the case of an extraction with
large quantities of liquid (of the concentration 01) equations of
extraction kinetics are derived. If ol - const. during the ex-
traction, an idea of the porous structure may be obtained from
Ca, Card 1/2 the ourves of extraction kinetics (from the viewpoint of trans-

AKSELIRUD, G.A.
Theory of the diffucion extraction of substances from porous
bodies. Part 3: Kineticnonequivalence of the pores.
Zhur. fiz. khim. 34 no.2:278-286 F 160. (MIRA 14:7)
1. Llvovskiy politekhnicheskly institut.
(Diffusion) (Extraction (Chemistry))

AMBLIRUD$ G. A.
"Heat and Mass Transfer Transformations in Porus Solid-
liquid Systems."
Report submitted for the Conference on Heat and Mass Transfer,
Minsk, BSSR, June 1961.

AKSEL'~PP,.-G-Av----
Trahaformations of processes of the diffusion extraction of
the solid phase. Zhur.fiz.khim. 35 no.12:2766-.2769 D 161.
(MIRA 10-122)
1. Lsvo6kiy politekhnicheskiy institut.
(Fixtraction (Chemistry))

A KSE L 110 D O-Rvk--.~
----W~
New method in the theory of experiment. Dokl. LPI 5 no. 1/2:
100-103 163, (MIRA 17:6)

Fll*l-,'.1 TSTOV, 1.N.; AK`2FI,lFalD, G.A.
Kinetics of mass transfer In t ~.bra.*,.'Ing mov-~,-,-ent- of a s, lid :n
t,
a liquid. Dc~~,J. LPI 5 no. 1, 2:1104-108 163. (m --.FtA 1 -~: 6):

kYSF,Llf---UD, G.A.; SEVENISHIN, Ye.M.
Kinet.1cs'of extraction from a bed of a polydispersed mLxulre.
Dokl. Lrl 5 no. 1/2:1.48-155 163. (MRA 17:6),

AESELIRUDp G.A.
- -1 o.6:
Ximtico of sorption from solutions. Zhur. fiz. khime 3? n
1251-1257 Ja 163o (MIU 16:7)
1. LlvovWdy politekhnichesIdY institut-
(Sorption)

FIXLISTOV, I.N.; AKSELORUD,..G.A.
Kinatios of mass transfer with oscillatory notion of a solid body
in a fluid flow. Inzh.-fiz. zhur. 7 no.ls45-48 Ja 164. (MIRA 17:2)
1. Politekhnicheskiy institut, LIvov.
3

AKSELIRUD, G.A.; POEHODENKOJ, L.A.
- - 1-1- ~ ~,w~ -.,'
Kinetics of the extraction of a solid from a single capillary.
Zhur. fiz. khim. 38:2971-2974 D t64.
(MIRA 18:2)
1. Llvovskiy politekhnicheskiy institut.

L 05419-67 EWT (1) WW
ALtTHOR:,Akse11rud, G. A.
khniobeskly institut)
ORG: polytechnical Institutet Llvov
TITLE: The solution of the generalized problem of heat and mass exchange in a layer
SOURCE- Inzhonerno-fizicheakiy zhurnali v. 11, no. 1, 1966i 93-98
TOPIC TAGS: heat exchange, mass exchange, gas diffusion, fluid diffusion
ABSTRACT: Thet kinetics of unrelated heat and mass transfer during fluid or gas motion
through a layer to investigated. Theoretical derivations take into account external as well
as internal heat and mass transfer. Solutions are presented for layers of differing shape
(infinite plate, Infinite cylinder, sphere). The basic exact solution Is also transformed Into
approximate simpler expressions'valid for restricted ranges of pertinent parameters of the
process. Orig. art. has: 3 figures.
SUB CODE- 20/ SUBM DATE: 06Sep65/ ORIG REF.- 003/ OTH REF: 006
Card 1/1 UDC: 536.24

- .f-,K,51E~L , - - -- I .. ~ - - - - ~ ~ _l. - - I-,-,.,-; _ .~ - - - - - . 1 1-1 --
11 1 ~
:70-1-f-WRI

137- 58- 1- 655
Translation from: Referativnyy zhurnal, Metallurgiya, 1958, Nr 1, p 102 (USSR)
AUTHOR: Aks e1 I rud, L. G.
,TITLE: Mode -rnT-oakin-gEquipment in Rolling Shops (Pits and Furnaces)
(Sovremennyye nagrevatel I nyye ustroystva v prokatnykh tse -
khakh (kolodtsy i pechi)
PERIODICAL: Tr. Nauchno-tekhn. o-va chernoy metallurgii, 1956,
Vol 10, pp 98-117
ABSTRACT: An examination is made of the special features, the capr-
acity, the utilization of the heat of waste gases, the control
and automatic regulation, the heating capacity, the speed of
heating, the productivity, the unit consumption of fuel and re-
fractories, the methods of slag removal, and the planning of
soaking-pit departments of the types now in widest use! a)
multiple- ingot -coverage regenerative soaking pit, b) recuper-
ative bottom center-fired soaking pits, c) recuperative two-
way-top-fired pits. The characteristics of 2-and 3-zone hold-
ing furnaces are also presented. The data on pit and furnace
operation are used to draw recommendations as to the trends
Card 1/ 1 to be followed in further improvement in their productivity.
V. D.
1. Furnaceo-Characteristics 2. Furnacen-kutoination

/~ K5 t~-4 W U D ~ - ~- -
Ah:-T4L-lRUD. L.G., referent; TUPCHAK, V.~-,.
**~ a ~cng ~-nits at the Abbey Works (from "Jourrini of the Iron And
Steel Institute" no. 1. )956, "1ron and f;tocj T-Rgineer` no.11,
1953). stall 16 no.10:948-o,49 0 '56. W-T~A 10:9)
(Great Brit a in--Rol 'A ing mills)

Au I SU 1 ~3-58-8a 23/30
THORS: Kaplan, V-G.j Gekhtmanj S-D.,C~~ n
Stukalov, M.I., Engineers
TITIM: Modernioation of the Recuperative Soaking Pits with a
Central Burner (Modernizatsiya rekuperat kh nagreva-
g- V
telln,ykh kolodtsev s tsentrallnoy orelko
PERIODICAL: Stall, 1958, vr 8, pp 747 - 751 (USSR)
ABSTRACT: The modified design and operation of a new group of__
soaking pits ~2 pits) erected in 1954 on the Azovstall
Works are described and illustrated. Main feature: an
increase in the heatinq surface of ceramic recuperators
(a 36% increase) and the erection of metallic recuperators
for pre-heating of gas (from seamless tubes). This
increased the throughput and decreased fuel consumption/
as well as permitted the use of blast-furnace gas alone
for the heating, but with a decreased thxoughpu~ and
Card 1/2

SOV/1;3-58-8-23/30
Moder.uisation of the Recuperative Soaking Pits with a entral
6
Burner
increased fuel consumption.
There are 6 figures and 2 tables.
ASSOCIATIOBS: Tsentroenergocherinet,
Zavod "Azovstall"
1. Steel--Production
3. Fuels--Performance
Card 2/2
Stallproyekt and
("Azovstal'" Works)
2. Industrial production--Equipment
4. Ceramic materials--Applications
i

AKSMIRUD, L.G.; GLINKOV, 14,A,; GRIGO-~'Y-N, V.1y.; Llr'S"ITS, A.Ye.; IWITSEV, R.M.
Prospects for #provements; in the dosign of heatin- and hcat-treating
furnaces. Stall 20 no.6:562-567 Jo 160. OUR;, 14:2)
1.0
(Furnaoost Heatint) (furnaceal lioat-troatinry)

Cl -1 /
.ALZL!RM+-LQY-G-e-rshevich*SUKHOV., Ivan Ivanovich; MICHAK, Vyacheslav
Mikhaylovich; GOLYATKINA, A.G.., red. izd-va; MIKWLOVA., V.V.,,
takhn. red.
[Soaking pits)14agrovatelinye kolodtsy. Moskva,, Metallurgiz-
dat, 1962. 235 p. (Furnaces, Heating) - (KIRA 15:12)

~AKSELORUD,,L.G.; SUKHOV) I.I.; TYMCHAK, V.M.
Recuperative and regenerative soaking pits. StalO 24 no.12:11,43-
1144 D 164. (MIRA 18t2)
1. Gosudarstvanpyy soyuznyy inatitut po proyektirovaniyu agregatov
staleliteynogo i prokatnogo proizvodstva dlya chernoy metallurgli.

8(6)
SOV/11?-59-3-4485
Translation from: Referativnyy zhurnal. Elektrotekhx,_ika, 1959, Nr 3, p 29 (USSR)
AUTHOR: Aksellrud, R. N.
TITLE: Water Conditions Ln the Once-Through Separator-Type Boilers
(0 vodnorn rez1ame pryamotochnykh separatornykh kotlov)
PERIODICAL: V sb.: Vnutriko'tlovyye fiz.-khim. protsessy, vodopodgotovka i
vodn. rezl,-i--ny kotlov na elektrost. vysokil--h i sverkhvvsokikh parametrov.
M., AS USSR, 1957, pp 206-213
ABSTRACT: The construction and results of adjustment of water conditions in the
separator-type once-through S%Ozer boillers j50 ton/hr, 80 atm, 5000C) are
described. Separators with a. coxv.1inuous water blowdown placed ahead of the
intermediate boiler zone, permit longer periods between flushings of boilers
and turbines. However, this does not permit any considerable reduction of the
requirements to the quality of feed water because a part of feed-water minerals
gets into the boiler through injection after passing through the separator. The
Card 1 /Z

8(6) SO'V/112-59-3-4485
Water Conditions in the Once-Through Separator -Type Boilers
feed water has a salt content of 0. 15-0. 20 mg/liter despite the fact that the
condensers are cooled by sea water (15,000 mg/liter). Good tightness of the
condensers (leak 0. 001%) is secured by 2-side rolled joints of the tubes.
Between 40 -70% of salts brought by feed water remained in the boilers, the
percentage being dependent on the leak in of the cooling water and the drag-out
Pf concentrate of the evaporators fed by Na-cationed water. Sulfates largely
remain in the boiler; chlorides and alkali compounds are entrained by the
steam into the turbinee. Boiler-water flushings (with deaerated condensate at
105-1100C) are more effective than steam-water in so far as removal of
slightly-soluble salts of Ca and Mg is concerned. Readily-soluble salts can be
effectively removed by steam-water flushings. It is recommended that both
types of flushings be alternalted. The best effect of salt removal and separator
blowdown is secured at a temperature of about 330-3400C in the first
therrnosta~.
A. P. M.
Card 2/2

AKSELIRUD., Semen Borisovich; ZNAMENSKIY, V.L., red.izd-va; ffKOVA,
--Ir- I-T -
.V.2 e 3710d o
(Organization of exploratory drilling crews] Organizatsiia
geologorazvedocbmykh burovykh partii. Moskva, Goageoltekh-
izdatp 1963. 83 p, ' (MIRA 170)

AKSEL IRUDO,,- as;;-;-,OZWDETSKIY, K.
A- ..' ~ ~.'. - -
400011~*
Simplify the procedure for issuing credit to state farms,
Den. i kred. 16 no.8.-62-65 Ag 158. (14IRA. 11:9)
(Agricultural credit)

ACCESSION NR! AP4037260 11/0200/64/004/003/0554/0559:
AUTHORi Aksen't He BO (Minsk)
TITLE: Estimates of approximations by quadrature formulas for certain oliwees of
faactions
SOURCE: Zhurnal vy*ohielitellnoy aptematiki i matematicheekov fisikit ve 4P nos 39
1964 554-559
'TOPIC TAGSt quadrature formulap approximation error, Lipschitz conditionp periodic
f1mation
'ABSTRACT: :Let be the class of fuaotions which are continuous on [&9b)
2
andf for all points x h 6 fa,b]t satisfy the inequality
h) 2/ (t)
II(x+h)+I(X-
Let
be the ol's-es of periodic fimotio4a of period 27r which satisfy (1) for all
-x and h, The aUthak gives an exact estimate of tbe error of ~%pproximati= 0
icertain quadrature formulas.of the fom* b
d, 'P. 1 (2)
k-1
i Card 1/2

1~--'.B. 0 -
2~-. --I . A-..n3k I
EstImated apprnx-j.ma-Uon-l by for certaj.n
C-Juaaes t-,
of vYc~i- nltj'.. I mat. 4 no.3.
554-559 MY-Je 164. (MIRA 17:6)

NOVIK, F.S.; AKSENCHIKOV, A.P.
Measurement of the frequency-contrast characteristics of cinematogra hie
lenses. Usp.nauch.fot. 10:44-49 164. (MIRA 17:3.0

M:n
P-g

G. A.
Ri,zht to land tenure by state fams, machine-tractor stotions ar.(; au>,! !iBry
enterDrinee Moskva, joa. izd-vo iurid. Mt-ry, 195z. 1~2 1- 190)
I/ ~" 1~
Low
1. Agriculture, Cooperative - Russia. 2. Machine-tractor stations

BOLDYREVp P.I., inzh.; AKSENENKO, . Y inzh.
Physic ome charAc al properties of eandatones and siltatones-in-Pe
Kiselevok-Prokoplyevok region of the Kuznetsk Basin..- Sbor. ;
KuzNIUI no.9tll8-137 161. WERA 16:5)
(Kuznetsk Basin--Siltstone-Testing)
(Kuznetsk Basin-Sandatone.-Testing)

0
S/0 63/ 06/004/018/0
BW BW
AUTHOR51 Kalabinat A. V.-P Filippovap A. Kh., Akse
Latyshevap E6~800 Vinogradova, Vs V., Zhidyayeval Lo-M.
TITLE2, Studies In the field of synthesis and conversions of vinylaryl.
esters , -No. 22. synthesis and oertain conversions of Viryl.
-eaters and acetals of bromophenole
PERIODICALs, Ref erativnyy zhurnal.. Xhimiyaq not 4, 1963, 238 ab-
otract 4ZhI23 (Izv.'Piz.-khim. n.-i. in-ta pri Irkutskom un-te,,
v. 5P no., 1-0, 19619, 120 - 130)
-TEM Vinylation of 2-bromophenol (i) and 4-bromophenol (II) by1he Favor-
skiy Shostakovskiy method (initial pressure of acetylene 18 - 28 atm
.210 22000,10 - 45.min) in the presence of a large quantity of KOH or NaO
and with high dilution of the reaction mixture with water (sometimes with
dioxane added) made possible the synthesis of the vinyl ester of I, yield
40 F 20D 1-5676, d 20 1-4339, and the vinyl eater
b. p 93 940C) ID mm Hgj n
4
'b.p. 215 - 216oc/728 mm Rg, 109 - 110'DC/11 mm
11), yield 12 52%,
Hg~ n2 2
I-5685i d 0 14366.- The addition of I II to aliphatic and
4,
C rd
1/3

8/08IJ63/000/004/016/051~
Studies i~ the field of aynthesis... 3166/B186
('01 -thorough-stirring in the presence.
aromatic vinyl eaters ith of 2 4 di
Conzen-tra-ted H01) gave a serieB.of CH CH(OR)ORI acetals (IV). Below -
3
ate givens the initial' vinyl nether, quantity in molest the initial phenoll,
quan-tity.in moles,.reaction temp in 00 and the reaction time in hre, R and
n 0 20 20
R I in IVp yield %, bopf i C/mm Hg, n D and d t vinylethyl ether MI
4
0-4301 1, 0-300, 85 - 90, 1-5t 02 H5' O-BrC6H4, 40,~135/15, 1-5223, 1-3208;
..V, 0.120, 111 0-058, 70 -15,1-5, 0 H n-BrO H (M), 124 - 125/8, 1-53081-
2 6 4
0 (IVb)_I.
..1,34631 vinylbutyl ethert,.M799 111 -5791 75 86, it C H9, n-BrC H
4 6 A
'phe y1 ether, 0.167, 11, 0 167,-70
38, 155'- 156/17, 1-5051, 1.2364;,Yinyl n
80, ~2, 06 H5, n-BrC04, 47-1tA71 - 173/6, 1-5831, 1.3784; 111, 0.115, 11,
70 80, 2, n-BrC H (NO), 55t 216 217/8, M-P- 4600, 1.60259
6 4
study was made of substituti.on of the Br atom in III and IV by ethyl and
ethoxyl groups. Exp.eriments. to hydrolyze.III and IV with dilute alkali to
-in
the reepeotive vinyl eaters of the, phenole (in an autoolavo, 220 - 30000v
the presence of Cu 01 and Ou-shavingo) were unsuccessful, To 53 mmoles
21 2
IVaAn 20 ml-aryoseopio-06 H6 were adds Id 0.08 moles C,H 5Br and 0.13 moles Na,.
.-Card 2/3

s/oei/63/000/004/018/051
Studies in the field of synthesis B166/B186
which was thoroughly stirred for 2 hre at 60 650C and then left to stand
for 412 hre, whereupon it was filtered through glass wool and distilled,
to give IV (R - C H , Rf- n-G H C H ) (rVd),* yield 60, b.p. 93 - 940C/16 mm
20 2 JO 0.9051.2 5 6 4
HgP n D 1. 500_81 d4 5 g IVd and 20 ml 20% H 2s04 were heated for
3 hre ate-j1000C to give 4-ethylphenol (VI), yield 88f., b.p. 93 - 950C/7 mm
Hg' n2()D 1-5240. In the optimum experiment 0.054 moles IVb, 0*079 moles
C2H5Br and 0.13 moles Na: in 200 ml 06% were heated for 2 hra at 600G and,
as stated abo-Ve, IV were separated (R - 0 9 , RO - 0 R C H ), yield 8%, b.P*
21DD 1 20 4 9 2 5 6 4
140- 14200/17 mm Hg, n -4960, d Q,9?75- Under similar conditions
4
(85_- 90'G, 2.5 hre) the vinyl eater of VI waa produced, yield 10~p b.p.
92 93OC/18 mm Hgj_n20D -1-5140* A mixture of 0-077 moles 111, 0-117 moles
dry 0 2H5ONal 10 ml 0A and 50 9 Ou filings was kept at 33000 for 6 hrs; it
was then washed with '10% alkali and 4-othoxyphenol vinyl ester was separated
by distillation) yield 40%, bap. 101 102uC/3 mm Hg, n20D 1-5232. See
.sLbstract 4zh122- LAbetracter's notes Complete translation-3
Card 3/3,

S/122/60/000/003/002P15
h16i/Ai3o
AUTHOR: Aksenenko, V.D., Candidate Gf Technical Sciences
TITLE: General analysis of hydro-mechanl--al double-fl6w,transmissions
PERIODICAL: -Vestnik mashinostroyeniya, no. 3, 1960, 7 - 11-21
TEM The analysis dea1s.with hydrxo-m;~ohanlcal -tram-smissions including
torque converters or hydraulic clutches, such as are em-p-lojed in automobiles, Die-
sel locomotives, aad cranes. The existence of doLible-flow transmissions Is ex-
plained with the complexity 3f system and a lime needed for design develop-
ment, though the d:pable-flow desl&ns are more complex than unifiow, larger, and
less protected from torque fluotuations and shook loads. Prop6r selection of
d8uble fl0W SyBteM and 111-~ evaluation is Imp:isstblei wi-,h!%'Ut an analysis of the
basic faotars, but the forimilae are -complex even for ~~.cmvara-,Ively simple trans-
missions, and tills present3 great iffficulll'-Ies. fsr deBlIgnerz. The author analyzes
a.part cf, general, aspects of poes-lble double-flow trsx, a m! -A s 1---ne with three-link
differential menhahlzms with two degrees of freedcm~ and suggests a method for
th4lr.evalization. 11hree-11rk zyate-ms (Fig. 1) are div-lde~ two basic types
(by. the properties): the first with both exiZ-.erna! and internal gearing, and the
Card 113

S/1 22/EOAM/003/002/015
General ar-alysis A 16 IIA I X
second w-1zh either ext-ar-nal or inter-mal only. Any differential mechanism can give
twelve d-olible-flow transmissions in different combinatlions with
a torque (t.w-elve more cculd be obtained for zhe torque converter, but
they are of no prac-.Ical use). All c-imbinatic." are calo-U-1ated in. charts for the
two typ---s, and the work eval-uation of each .^.mbinatlon is 112-ulstrated. Darves
sharactvrize -.he work cf trarsmissions with and "Allison" torque
Oonverler8. Ths rret-hc~d is redu!-~sd t- a sl-!Mple det-ermi-nation of the
comblnatl,c~n num,cer, of a corresp=dlng de5lgn and :~,arve. The 3alculation formulae
are graatly simplified P-nd their numb6r reduced by tn-,rolu,.iing into odlnulatlon a
t:Lng the k'nematle faa 4~,r de,cqrmining (for each different com-
-pamnnter pz-;S&;!, z
binat:Ion) the :,f the three ratios of the me:;hanical reduction gears
included into the system before the torque co=verter Dump, in the mechanical trans-
mission branoh, and after the torq,;a -3:.-,nver" er 4--.IrbiInS,, and -,.he radi!-relation
factor (C) of the Dianetary gears (with single or double satellites). There are
5 figures and two charts,
Card 213

General analysis of. double-flow hydromechaaieal transmissions.
Trudy lust.. mash. Sem.po teor. w4ash. 20 no. 79;44-61 !60.
Boil hydrauji.~ machinery) OCIRA 13312)

-AKSENENN,_~mJ14y )AMIorWho kand. tekkn. nauk, inzhener-podpolkovnikj
FETROV,, Aleksandr Vladimiroviohp inzboxer~polkovnik; POGHTAREV,,
NeFe. kand, tekhn, naukq inzhener-polkovnikp red.; SRIBCHIS,,
N.V.p tekhn. red.
(Planetary and bydraulic transmissions) Planetarmye i gidravli-
cheskie peredaehi. Moskva# Voen.izd-vo M-va obor. SM, ig6l.
245 P. (Automobiles-Tranomiesion devices) (KIRA 15:2)
(Vehicld*sp Military-Transmission devices)

Ax3..2,TILoj V. --I,_
"Reactions of Organic I~ialides 141--th lodi-n-e Salts." Cand Chem Sci, Tmsk
Poly-techn-Le Inst, Tonsk., 19511. (RZhKhim, No 6, Nar 55)
So: Sum. No 670, 29 SePt 55 - Survey of Scientific and Technical Dissert!ltions
Def ended a t US.1111 Hi r-her D, ducalUonal Institlt icns (15)

TRCNOV, B.V.; AKSEMEM, V.H.
Expansion of the carbon skeleton of molecules during the Interaction
of isdidep with hale organic compounds. Zhur.ob.khim.26 ne.5:1393-
1397 my 156. (MIRA 9:9)
l.Temakiy pelitekhnichaskly institut.
Oodides) (Carbon compounds)

A K :--"r- jV EAI Kc) V, M
AUTHORS: Onufriyenok, I. P.. Aksenenko, V. 75-11-20/26
TITLEi A New Method for the Determination of Tellurium
(11ovyy meted opredeleniya tellura)
PERIODICAL: Zhurnal Analiticheskoy Miimii, 1958, ~03 1~r Nr 1~
nil (Usql)
ABSTRACT: The authors found that tellurites and selenites, but also
tellurates and selenates, are reduced to the elements by
boiling with milk sugar at a pH of 10--il. Tellux-lum Is
quantitatively deposited as an easily filterLble precipitate
after 5 to 10 minutes boiling. The velocity of the re-
duction depends to a considerable degree on the medium and on
the temperature. At low temperatures lactose does not even re-
duce selenium and tellurium in an alkaline solution, whereas
on boiling of the solution this react-ion proceeds very rapid-
ly. Acid solutions of tellurites are not reduced by lactose.
The quantity of the added free lye exerts an influence upon the
type of the precipitate and upon the reduction itself. In the
Card 1/4 case of a deficiency of lye the reduction is considerably re-

A New Method for the Determination of Tsllurium 7,5-1-20/205
tarded and a finely distributed precipitate, that is
difficult to filter, forms. With a high excess of lye tellurium
is not quantitatively deposited. In the case of a correct
quantity of lye the color of the solution after boiling is
cherry-red, in the case of a deficiency of lye it is g-.eeiiish-
cherry red, in -the case of an excess of lye it is dark cherry-
red with a tinge of raspberry-red. After 'the reduction with
lactose in a weakly alkaline solution the deposited tellurium
is gravimetrically or titrimetrically determined. The most
important titrimetric methods of determination for tellurium are
based on the oxidation of the tellurite-ion with potassium
permanganate or potassium bichromate. Freshly precipitated
tellurium is well soluble in an acidified solution of potassium
biochromate, where it is oxidized to telluric acid
Te + Cr2072.. + 6H+- TeO42- + 2Cr3+ + 3112 0.
This fact was daveloped to a quantitative method cf determin-
ation for tellurium. The equivalent weiaht of tellurium in
this reaction amounts to 21,27. It is expedient to take sul-
Card 2/4 furic acid and not hydrochloric acid for acidifying the bi-

A New Method for the Determination of Tellurium 75-1-20/26
chromate solution, as sulfuric acid on heating reduces the
formed hexavalent tellurium to tetravalent tellurium. This
titrimetric method was especially employed for the determin-
ation of tellurium in its alloys with antimony. In order to
keepantimony in the solution, the alloy is worked up with
a mixture of nitric acid and tartaric acid. 3esides antimony
and tellurium the alloy can also contain small quantites of
iron, arsenicq tin, lead, cadmium, bismuth, carbon, selenium,
copper, and other elements. The compounds of iron, arsenic,
bismuth, tin, and antimony are not reduced to the metals by
lactose in a weakly alkaline solution. They are kept in
solution,., by tartaric acid. At higher concentrations tin may
go into t'4e precipitate. This renders determination consider-
ably difficult, as an amorphous finely distributed precipitate
forms, which consists of tellurium and tin compounds, and
which it is difficult further to work up. At a low content of
tin this difficulty does not exist. The presence of small
quantites of lead and cadmium do not disiurb tellurium deter-
mination. Carbon does not dissolve in nitric acid and can be
Card 3/4 removed by filtering. Copper and selenium disturb the analysis

A New Method for the Determination of Tellurium 75-1-20/26
considerably as they are precipitated together with tellurium
in the reduction with lactose. By the addition of potassium
ferrocyanide, however, it can be brought about that selenium
and copper in weakly alkaline solutions are not reduced to the
metals, but that they remain in solution as stable complex
compounds. At the same time potassium ferrocyanide does not
prevent the reduction of tellurium nor does it exercise any
influence upon the velocity of the separation. The results
show that this method yields well reproducible results. The
deviations from a mean value in the case of a tellurium
content of -3 % are not higher than 0,02 % and in the case
of a tellurium content of rv1O % not higher than 0,03 %. The
experimental conditions of all these determinations are exactly
given. There are 2 tables and 4 references, I of which is
3lavic.
ASSOCIATION: Tomsk Polytechnic Institute (Tomskiy politekhnicheskiy institut)
SUBMITTED: December 18, 1956
AVAILABLE: Library of Congress
Card 4/4 1. Tellurium - Determination