SENIOR OFFICER SCHOOLS

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP78-06370A000200040001-0
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 20
• Document Creation Date: December 9, 2016
• Document Release Date: November 6, 2000
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: May 1, 1968
• Content Type: REPORT

l
Approved For Release 2001/03/03 : CIA-RDP78-0637OA000200040007
C
H
Office of Training
May 1968
Approved For Release 2001/03/03 : CIA-RDP78-0637OA000200040001-0
 Approved For Release 2001/03/03 : CIA-RDP78-06370A000200040001-0
STATINTL
STATINTL
The Central Intelligence Agency regularly sends a limited
number of representatives from among its senior officers to attend
the hi hest level schools of the U, S. Armed Forces,
the Senior Seminar in Foreign Policy
at t e Foreign Service Institute of the Department of State, and the
Advanced Management Program at Harvard University.
Nominations are made by Directorates, approximately a year
in advance of the starting dates of courses, to the Agency's Training
Selection Board, whose responsibility it is to evaluate the candidates
for final selection by the Deputy Director of Central Intelligence.
Notification of approval action by the Deputy Director of Central
Intelligence is given to each Deputy Director by the Training Selection
Board. STATINTL
With the exception of th nominations
for all Senior Officer Schools are reviewed concurrently in the late
summer or early fall. Interviewing of candidates by the Training
Selection Board is an important feature of the selection process and
is waived only in cases where nominees are not available in the
Headquarters area.
Selection as a nominee is considered high recognition and rests
on all those considerations that would make an employee a worthy
all-round representative of the Agency. The anticipated benefits an
employee and his component would derive from a Senior Officer
School assignment are also taken into account in the selection process.
Failure of a candidate to be chosen in one year or for a specific
school does not preclude, and should, not prejudice, the same person's
being nominated in a succeeding year or for another school or program
of equal caliber.
Nominees, once selected, normally will receive two formal
briefings before departing for their training assignments. One of these
is an administrative briefing given by the Registrar's External Training
i
Approved For Release 2001/03/03 : CIA-RDP78-06370A000200040001-0
 Approved For Release 2001/03/03 : CIA-RDP78-06370A000200040001-0
Branch, OTR; the second is a three-day orientation conducted by
OTR's Intelligence School customarily in the month of June. This
course is designed to bring the employee up to date on the Agency,
review conference leadership and formal briefing techniques, and
provide insight and guidance on representational considerations.
It also provides an opportunity for those going to the Senior Officer
Schools to meet and talk with officers who have already attended
these schools.
Announcements covering all phases of the nomination, selection,
and orientation of Agency representatives who will attend Senior
Officer Schools are made by the Office of Training through Senior
Training Officers and component Training Officers.
11
Approved For Release 2001/03/03 : CIA-RDP78-06370A000200040001-0
 Approved For Release 2001/03/03 : CIA-RDP78-06370A000200040001-0
I. ADVANCED MANAGEMENT PROGRAM, HARVARD UNIVERSITY
At some point in his development, almost every executive needs to
increase his skills in planning, organizing, and formulating long-range
policies. He may wish to understand more clearly the meaning for his
organization of salient trends in a rapidly changing environment--technical,
economic, political, and social. Or he may need the opportunity to
formulate more clearly his own personal values and those attitudes which
will condition his behavior as a leader.
The Advanced Management Program conducted by the Graduate School
of Business Administration at Harvard University is designed to help the
executive meet such needs and to provide such opportunities. It does so
by drawing together some one hundred fifty senior executives from diverse
areas of business, industry, and government to study and exchange
experiences.
Given twice a year, beginning in February and again in September, the
Advanced Management Program runs for thirteen weeks. It aims at
developing a general approach to management that treats the organization
as an entity functioning in a world setting and that concentrates on problems
of broad policy and strategy of long-range significance to business.
Specific goals are: To refine the skills, knowledge, and understanding
essential to top management; to strengthen executive competence in
corporate, long-range planning; to reinforce capacities for qualitative
analysis and decision-making; to encourage critical judgment in the
analysis of quantitative data for managerial control; to deepen perception
and refine skills in handling the human elements of organizations; to
examine environmental factors within the nation and the international
community as they affect business; and to encourage a view of learning in
its broadest sense as a continuous process, enriching the lives of individuals
and essential to the vigor of the environment in which business functions.
Among topics that are covered are: Business policy and the leader-
ship role of top management in developing basic corporate strategy and
major policies; marketing management; developing marketing programs;
financial accounting, cost analysis, budgetary and control systems; financial
Approved For Release 2001/03/03 : CIA-RDP78-06370A000200040001-0
 Approved For Release 2001/03/03 : CIA-RDP78-0637OA000200040001-0
management; the historical role of the businessman in the growth of
the Western world, the interaction of the businessman and his environ-
ment over time; national and international monetary and fiscal policy;
government and business relationships; ethical issues facing management;
the human side of administration; and modern methods of management
science.
The Agency has sent representatives to the Advanced Management
Program since 1952, normally placing one student in each running.
Agency candidates must be in grade GS-16 or above and, in age, should
range upward from forty years.
Approved For Release 2001/03/03 : CIA-RDP78-0637OA000200040001-0
 Approved For Release 2001/03/03 : CIA-RDP78-0637OA000200040001-0
Maxwell Air Force Base, Montgomery, Alabama, is the home of
the Air War College, which was established in March of 1946 as the
senior professional school in the educational system of the U. S. Air
Force. The Air War College operates on:a ten-month curriculum
which begins in mid-August and ends in early June. Its primary purpose
is to equip senior Air Force officers to understand military strategy in
support of national security policy and to be capable of enhancing the
contribution of aerospace power in supporting that policy. To this end,
the graduate of the Air War College should: Understand the causes,
nature, and purpose of war; understand the current and potential threat
to the U. S. security; know how national security policy is formulated;
be capable of evaluating doctrine, responsibilities, capabilities, and
limitations of U. S. , allied, and potentially hostile military forces; and
know how the techniques of systems analysis apply in the decision-making
and management process.
During the course students at the Air War College have an opportunity
to hear top-level government officials, civilian and military, speak quite
frankly about the most sensitive aspects of U. S. policy. They also hear
lectures by leaders in the fields of education, industry, science, and
politics. There are opportunities for question-and-answer exchanges
by the students and instructors; there are seminars, research projects,
prescribed readings, and field trips. Seminars are designed to supplement
the lectures and individual research. Reading assignments are planned
to provide the students with backgroud material.
The Air War College normally has approximately one hundred fifty
officers in its resident program. These men are from the U. S. Air
Force, Army, Navy, and Marine Corps, and from the Royal Air Force;
there are representatives also from the Department of State, the United
States Information Agency, the National Security Agency, and the
Central Intelligence Agency. In addition to the benefits from the formal
program, there is always the added advantage which comes from the
close associations and friendships established with representatives of
the Armed Forces. Many of these individuals can be expected to hold
important positions in their respective services and rapport generated
during the Air War College experience can be of mutual benefit in
facilitating liaison and support.
Approved For Release 2001/03/03 : CIA-RDP78-0637OA000200040001-0
 Approved For Release 2001/03/03 : CIA-RDP78-0637OA000200040001-0
CIA's representatives are officers in grades GS-14 and GS-15;
the age range is thirty-five to a maximum of forty-four for GS-14's
and to a maximum of forty-eight for GS-15's (as of 1 January of
Fiscal Year of class entry). The Agency currently has a quota of
three.
Approved For Release 2001/03/03 : CIA-RDP78-0637OA000200040001-0
 Approved For Release 2001/03/03 : CIA-RDP78-06370A000200040001-0
III. THE ARMED FORCES STAFF COLLEGE
The Armed Forces Staff College at Norfolk, Virginia, conducts its
five-month course twice a year, usually beginning in February and in
August. The classes, while primarily U.S. military officers, include
several allied officer students from the United Kingdom, France,
Australia, Canada, and New Zealand and a small number of civilian
students from U. S. Government departments and agencies.
Specifically, the objectives of the Armed Forces Staff College
course are: To promote teamwork among the armed services; to pre-
pare officers in the organization, planning, and conduct of joint and
combined operations; to prepare officers for duty in the higher echelons
of the Armed Forces; to promote the development of understanding
between higher echelons of the Armed Forces and those other agencies
of the Government which contribute to national security; and to provide
an appreciation of the related aspects of national .and international security.
The objectives are attained through lecture and seminar methods,
individual theses, and field trips. The seminar groups are made up of
twelve to eighteen students, usually three from each service, with
allied students and civilian students apportioned equally as numbers
permit. Each seminar has three faculty advisors. Guest lecturers are
key military and civilian officials of the government, as well as prominent
persons from outside government. Their subjects are on the structure
and mission of government organizations related to national strategy and
defense. The staff study or thesis requirement is intended to acquaint
officers with the principles of exploration and development of a subject
in an orderly, comprehensive, and logical manner. The field trips are
made to military installations or activities and are planned so the student
can witness training and demonstrations in tactics, techniques, weapons,
and equipment.
The instruction covers: Characteristics, organization, and employ-
ment of the Armed Forces; principles involved in the U. S. unified
command organization and the organization of joint and combined commands
and staffs; organization, composition, and functions of joint and combined
commands with respect to strategic, tactical, and logistic responsibilities
of the commanders; aspects of joint and combined operations; trends of
new weapons and scientific developments; and military, political, geo-
graphic, historical, economic, and other factors affecting U. S. national
strategy and U. S. -allied security.
Approved For Release 2001/03/03 : CIA-RDP78-06370A000200040001-0
 Approved For Release 2001/03/03 : CIA-RDP78-0637OA000200040001-0
The course has been evaluated very favorably by Agency
participants. Many think that the great value is the opportunity to
work with and learn of the interrelationships among the CIA, the
Department of State, and the armed services. An Agency candidate
must be between the ages of thirty and forty-five and be in grade GS-13
or higher. The Agency is invited to send four officers to each
running.
Approved For Release 2001/03/03 : CIA-RDP78-0637OA000200040001-0
 Approved For Release 2001/03/03 : CIA-RDP78-06370A000200040001-0
The U. S. Army War College, located at Carlisle Barracks,
Pennsylvania, is the Army's senior educational institution., Its mission
is "to prepare senior officers for command and high-level staff duties,
with emphasis on Army doctrine and operations, and to advance inter-
departmental and inter-service understanding."
The curriculum is designed to consider the forces and trends of
the international environment; the varied factors of military, political,
economic, psychosocial, scientific, and technological elements of
power; and other sources of international conflict which influence the
attainment of national objectives within this arena. Courses are conducted
by means of a combination of instructional techniques, including a lecture
program, individual research and study, seminars, oral presentation,
written reports, and a group or committee approach to problem solving.
Eight courses and two programs develop the curricular theme. They
are. The World Environment and Sources of Conflict; Command and
Management Seminar; Strategic Appraisal of the United States and the
North Atlantic Community; The Strategic Threat of the Communist Powers;
Strategic Implications of the Developing Areas; Army and Joint Capabilities
Planning; Army and Joint Objectives Planning and Programming; Long
Range Strategic Study; U. S. National Strategy and a Supporting Military
Program; and Individual Research Program.
In addition to Army officers, classes are made up of officers from
the Air Force, Navy, and Marine Corps, and of civilian representatives
from the Central Intelligence Agency, the United States Information Agency,
and the Departments of State and Defense.
Agency representatives have found the "year" at the Army War
College a very profitable one professionally. The experience and know-
ledge gained has broadened their perspective on national and international
affairs, provided them with greater confidence in writing and speaking on
professional matters, and given them a greater appreciation of the
committee technique of problem solving. Agency representation at the
Army War College, however, involves' a number of considerations beyond
the value derived from employee training. Furthering of interagency
cooperation and coordination is the most important of these, for the War
College is a most appropriate place for the Agency to get across to an
influential segment of military careerists important information as to the
Agency's role in the Federal Government.
Approved For Release 2001/03/03 : CIA-RDP78-06370A000200040001-0
 Approved For Release 2001/03/03 : CIA-RDP78-0637OA000200040001-0
CIA's quota is one student each year (two for Fiscal Year 69).
The Agency's nominee must be between thirty-five and forty-five years
of age and in grade GS-14 or higher. It is recommended that he have
at least five years of Agency experience.
8
Approved For Release 2001/03/03 : CIA-RDP78-0637OA000200040001-0
 STATINTL
Approved For Release 2001/03/03 : CIA-RDP78-0637OA000200040001-0
Next 1 Page(s) In Document Exempt
Approved For Release 2001/03/03 : CIA-RDP78-0637OA000200040001-0
 Approved For Release 2001/03/03 : CIA-RDP78-0637OA000200040001-0
The Industrial College of the Armed Forces is a joint educational
institution operating under the direction of the Joint Chiefs of Staff and
is the capstone of our military educational system in the management
of logistic resources for national security. As early as World War I,
it became evident that in modern war the mobilization of the Armed
Forces must be accompanied by.a carefully planned and organized
mobilization of the nation's full economic and industrial strength. Real-
ization of this need resulted in the foundation of the Army Industrial College
in 1924 to train officers to carry out the Army's responsibilities for
peacetime planning of wartime economic preparedness. Then, taking
into account the contributions to the Allied victory in World War II by
those who had been trained at the Army's school, in September 1948 the
Industrial College of the Armed Forces was established at Fort McNair,
Washington, D. C.
The Army, Navy and Marine Corps, and the Air Force participate
on an equal basis as members of the staff and faculty and in the student
body. The core of the College's educational program is the ten-month
Resident Course, now given each year to approximately 180 selected
military and civilian officers representing all major functional, command,
and technical responsibilities in the military services and many Government
agencies and departments.
The mission of the Industrial College is to conduct courses in the
economic and industrial aspects of national security and in the management
of defense programs and resources in broad political, social, and
military context. Interrelated military, logistical, administrative,
scientific, technological, political, and social factors affecting national
security are considered to the extent that they are pertinent. The economic-
industrial emphasis in the Industrial College distinguishes its mission
and program from those of the National War College, which stresses
foreign policy and military strategy.
The Resident Course attempts to present a balanced background
;picture of world economic conditions, international politics, and the
foreign and domestic scenes in terms of their influence on U. S. national
security. Close attention is given to the impact of scientific and
technological advances on military and economic strength, and to the
problem of maintaining social order and economic health under post-
nuclear-attack conditions. Meeting and defeating the economic, political,
and psychological challenges of communism are important themes of the
course.
11
Approved For Release 2001/03/03 : CIA-RDP78-0637OA000200040001-0
 Approved For Release 2001/03/03 : CIA-RDP78-0637OA000200040001-0
The scope of the ten-month Resident Course includes: Foundations
for National Security Studies; The Management of National Resources;
The Management of National Security; and Management in the Department
of Defense. Concurrently with the "Core Program, " there are required
semester-length courses in Economics, Executive Action, and Scientific
Dec ision-Making.
Each student also participates in a substantial project of individual
or group research on a problem area of major significance to the
Department of Defense. In addition, an elective program enables the
student to develop further in one of several areas: Defense-oriented cost
analysis; automatic data processing; theory and management of systems;
law for the defense manager; or international politics. There are also
optional courses in research methodology, effective speaking, mathematics,
and foreign languages.
Seminars and formal lectures are important features of the Resident
Course. The lectures are presented by authoritative representatives of
the College faculty and by outstanding visiting specialists. Students form
committees for discussion of specific problems. They work together on
committee reports, and each student is expected to produce a thesis and
an oral presentation on an assigned subject. Consultation with faculty
and outside military and civilian experts is encouraged.
CIA has customarily been granted a quota of two spaces; however,
the quota was reduced to one for the 1968-69 Program. Experienced
officers thirty-five to forty-five years of age, in grade GS-14 or above,
may be nominated. In recent years the Agency has selected officers in
grade GS-15 or above to attend the Industrial College of the Armed Forces.
12
Approved For Release 2001/03/03 : CIA-RDP78-0637OA000200040001-0
 Approved For Release 2001/03/03 : CIA-RDP78-0637OA000200040001-0
VII. THE NATIONAL WAR COLLEGE
The National War College at. Fort. McNair, Washington, D. C. was
established to give a comprehensive education in the formulation and
implementation of national security policies and strategies to a highly
selective group of senior officers from each of the military services and
other Government agencies. Its ten-month program is conducted annually
for approximately one hundred forty students: Thirty-five members
from civilian agencies of Government and the remainder equally divided
among the three military departments. There are no foreign observers.
The mission of the National War College, as prescribed by. the Joint
Chiefs of Staff, is: "To conduct a course of study of those agencies of
government and those military, economic, scientific, political, psychological,
and social factors of power potential, which are essential parts of national
security in order to enhance the preparation of. selected personnel of the
Armed Forces and State Department for the exercise of joint and combined
high-level policy, command and staff functions and for the planning of
national strategy. " The mission. of the College is further defined to include
study of the nature of national power, the national interests and objectives
of other nations, and ways to avoid armed. conflict.
Carrying out this mission, the curriculum of the College includes an
analysis of the factors of national power of the United States and other
countries; the integration of military. and foreign policy;. the role of the
United Nations; the influence on a nation's national security of the
possession or lack of economic, scientific, political, psychological, and
social resources; the national interests and objectives of the major powers
and areas of disagreement among them; the military forces needed to carry
out national policy in peace and war; war planning and strategy; the impact
of science and technology on the Armed Forces-, departmental and inter-
departmental problems bearing on national _securitye
This is the overall scope of the National War College program. To
implement it, the curriculum is divided into ten courses, culminating in
the development of national security policy and implementing strategy,
plans, and programs. Though the aim and scope of the program have
remained constant over the years, there have been changes in emphasis,
procedures, and organization. Courses and methods of instruction are
subject to continuous examination and evaluation and every effort is made
to keep abreast of evolving technology, national needs, and international
developments..
Approved For Release 2001/03/03 : CIA-RDP78-0637OA000200040001-0
 Approved For Release 2001/03/03 : CIA-RDP78-06370A000200040001-0
The academic procedures used at the National War College are
designed to broaden the general knowledge of the class members
regarding the problems of national security. These procedures include
an intensive guest lecture program, carefully developed course readings,
daily discussion groups, and challenging committee problems. Individual
research papers are required of each student. Field trips are an important
part of the curriculum. One of the highlights of the year is a three-week
tour of major capitals and military headquarters in one of several overseas
areas--Latin America, West Europe, Africa, Southeast Asia, or the Near.
East.
Throughout the curriculum intellectual freedom is encouraged. There
are no "school" solutions. Intellectual curiosity, independence of thought,
and capacity to think objectively are stimulated. The academic atmosphere
of the College is that of an advanced graduate educational institution for
mature military men and statesmen.
The Agency is normally allocated a quota of four. Candidates must
be thirty-five to forty-five years of age and in grade GS-14 or above. In
recent years the Agency has selected officers in grade GS-15 or above to
attend the National War College.
Approved For Release 2001/03/03 : CIA-RDP78-06370A000200040001-0
 Approved For Release 2001/03/03 : CIA-RDP78-0637OA000200040001-0
The U. S. Naval War College, Newport, Rhode Island, is the
highest educational institution of the Navy and proudly boasts that it
is the oldest institution of its type in the world. The ten-month Naval
Warfare Course is the senior program of professional preparation given
at the College.
The student body of this resident course includes approximately 104
naval officers in the grades of captain and commander. Officers of the
Army, Air Force, Marine Corps and Coast Guard and selected civilians
from U. S. Government agencies are of equivalent stature and number
approximately 56. Directing officers at the Naval War College say that
the presence of civilian students and students from other armed services
enables the College to stress the interrelationship between naval operations
and the operations of the armed services and Government agencies, and
the Navy's part in joint operations.
The purpose of the School of Naval Warfare is to promote an under-
standing of seapower and maritime strategy, a comprehension of international
affairs, an appreciation of the contribution to national security of each of
the military services and other Government agencies, proficiency in
planning and conducting naval, joint and combined operations, and sound
military judgment. The curriculum of the School consists of four major
Studies: Fundamentals of Strategy; Sea Power and National Strategy;
Strategic Planning; and Naval Warfare. Integrated with the latter three
Studies is a Research and Electives Program designed to provide opportunity
.for exploration in depth of subjects covered more generally in the basic
curriculum.
Students are encouraged to exchange ideas and conclusions with each
other and with members of the faculty toward the goal of developing and
organizing their thoughts. To aid in accomplishing this and enhance
understanding, as well as to share special competences of faculty and
students, many research studies are made the subject of seminars. Students,
members of the faculty, or visitors present treatises on assigned subjects
and then participate in the ensuing discussion. Moderators may be either
:members of the faculty or students. Lectures at the College are given by
,members of the faculty and by guest speakers. This gives the student
Approved For Release 2001/03/03 : CIA-RDP78-0637OA000200040001-0
 Approved For Release 2001/03/03 : CIA-RDP78-0637OA000200040001-0
access to leaders in military, academic, governmental, and civilian
fields. A feature of the lectures is the discussion period which
follows, during which the speakers give their frank responses to specific
questions asked by faculty and students.
Non-Navy students attend an introductory orientation program, the
purpose of which is to acquaint personnel of other services and divilian
students with the basic terminology and physical characteristics of the
ships and weaponry of the Navy, as well as to provide a general back-
ground of the Navy itself o
In the past, CIA has usually had a quota of one; for the 1968-69
course there will be two Agency participants. Nominees must be in
grade GS-14 or above and thirty-five to forty-five years of age.
16
Approved For Release 2001/03/03 : CIA-RDP78-0637OA000200040001-0
 Approved For Release 2001/03/03 : CIA-RDP78-0637OA000200040001-0
The Senior Seminar in Foreign Policy is conducted by the Foreign
Service Institute, Department of State and is the most advanced program
of studies in international relations and foreign policy offered by any
agency of the United States Government. This ten-month advanced course,
given in the Washington area, is an intensive period of preparation for
senior executive assignments; it assumes that most of the Seminar participants
will eventually be in important positions in the foreign-policy-making organs
of the Government. Its aims are to provide the intellectual framework
for a free and vigorous inquiry into some of the complexities of foreign
policy and U. S. domestic problems and to stimulate senior officers in the
direction of creative and thoughtful judgment.
The Seminar is limited in membership to an exceptionally qualified
and gifted group of twenty-five senior officials. Approximately half of
these are Class 1 and Class 2 career officers of the American Foreign
Service; the other half are officers of comparable rank and experience
from the U. S. armed services and civilian departments and agencies.
Members are selected on the basis of sustained excellence of performance,
demonstrated leadership, and high potential for greater future responsibilities,
such as Chiefs or Deputy Chiefs of Mission.
The Seminar begins with a series of organizational and introductory
meetings. This is followed by a full week devoted to the history of the
American people - social, economic, ethnic, political, and diplomatic.
These lectures set the foundation for studies to follow. The Seminar
attempts to expose its members to the latest developments in science, arts,
communications, space, atomic energy, industry, commerce, agriculture,
labor, education, transportation, the communist threat and counterinsurgency,
the poverty program, the Peace Corps, race relations, the city-state
relationships, automation, computers, and systems and functional analysis.
The Seminar relies greatly on reading and research by the Members,
stimulated by discussions with outstanding authorities in relevant fields of
inquiry. Guest speakers in the past have included Members of Congress,
officials of the Federal executive branch and of local governments,
university professors, military leaders and experts in the fields of business,
education, industry, labor, religion, arts, sciences and public affairs.
Aside from the extensive group travel around the United States and its
Approved For Release 2001/03/03 : CIA-RDP78-0637OA000200040001-0
 Approved For Release 2001/03/03 : CIA-RDP78-06370A000200040001-0
territories, approximately three weeks are provided for Memberq to
perform individual field travel to regions in which they have special
interest. On returning from individual travel, Members are required
to make an oral presentation to the Seminar and to lead a round-table
discussion of their topic.
The CIA quota is two; nominees must be college graduates between
forty and forty-nine years of age, be in grade GS-16 or higher, and have
at least ten years experience in the Federal Government.
18
Approved For Release 2001/03/03 : CIA-RDP78-06370A000200040001-0