SA-2 AND SA-3 SAM DEFENSES LENINGRAD, USSR

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: NGA Records (Formerly NIMA)
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP78T05439A000300050110-5
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: T
• Document Page Count: 12
• Document Creation Date: December 28, 2016
• Document Release Date: November 3, 2000
• Sequence Number: 110
• Publication Date: December 1, 1963
• Content Type: REPORT

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 -Copy 5 NPIC/R-360/63
14 Pages December 1963
PHOTOGRAPHIC INTERPRETATION REPORT
SA-2 AND SA-3' SAM DEFENSES,
LENINGRAD, USSR
'a Dec,ass;Review
by NIMA/DOD
Handle Via TALENT - KEYHOLE control Only
This document contains classified information affecting the national security of the United States within the
meaning of the espionage laws U S. Code Title 18, Sections 793 and 794. The low prohibits its transmission
or the revelation of its contents In any manner to an unauthorized person, as well as its use in any manner
prejudicial to the safety or interest of the United States or for the benefit of any, foreign government to the
detriment of the United States. 11 is to be seen only by personnel especially indoctrinated and authorized to _
receive TALENT-KEYHOLE information. Its security must be maintained in accordance with KEYHOLE and
TALENT regulations.
NATIONAL PkOTOGRAPHIC INTERPRETATION CENTER
GROUP 1
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SA-2 AND SA-3 SAM, DEFENSES,
LENINGRAD, USSR
NPIC R-360 63
December 1963
NATIONAL PHOTOGRAPHIC INTERPRETATION CENTER
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This report has leeen prepared in partial response to several
requirements l br a comprehensive study of the Ieningrad defense
systems. It presents the chronological development and other informa-
tion concerning the surface-to-air missile \\11 sites deployed around
Leningrad and is intended to complement forthcoming \PIC: reports
which Will update information on the probable antimissile missile ':\\1\11
installations at Leningrad and. 'arv Shagan.
Photography used in the preparat ion of this report includes T.\LF\T
and 1FYI101 coverage of the Leningrad area through \lission~
An attempt is made to reconstruct the chronological
development of the Leningrad S:\\l defense ring.
This report dotes not discuss the four Leningrad S:\\l support and
storage facilitied in detail as a future NPIC report will treat this subject
separately.
New and revised information from liter missions on Leningrad
S.\-3 activities contained in this report supersedes any conflicting data
published in \PIC'. report It-.SOT h3. 1
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q1
0 30A 0 30
GULF
OI..
B 29A
F!.\ I.:l.\ !) --- % B 29
?u
.21A D28
NW
?
? -/
D 34A'
IJ
Lumun-
C080
?
11
^-
?
C 26B
C-
?
D 35
C 36
C O 1 A
^ .
cz0
2A
C
lw~"M
MC O2A
Railroad, double track
Railroad, single track
Road
SAM Ring road
^ SA-2 SAM Site
? SA-3 SAM Site
Probable AMM launch complex
SAM Support and storage facilities
C04
ti LADOGA
C 04A
0
C 05
\tca
C 14
\\ i
UzSA\
^
C 12
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NPIC /R-360/63
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Leningrad S\\i ring
T.\I_F_NT photography.
grad appear(-d in-when portions of the
.\ total of 3() S.\-2 S.\\1 sites, IS S.\-3 S.\\1
sites, and 4 S\\1 support and storage facilities
have been deployed around Leningrad since=
I-irst evidence of S.\\l ictivity at Lenin-
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was provided. -
The deployment of SA-3s around Leningrad
was begun in = and has continued to date.
The pattern of their deployment is more readily
traceable than for the SA-2s because more in-
tensive photographic coverage is p?vided during
this period -
;road were
I here is an hianls of photography bet wen
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SA-2 SAM DEPLOYMENT
I irst photographic evidence ofS.\\lactivity
at Leningrad appeared in when por-
tions of the Leningrad S.\\1 ring road, access
roads. and 'construction activity at one of the
S.\\l support facilities were observed on 1-Al.-
EN-1- covera,e.
.A prototype research and development S.A-2
site was ohS ! ervcd it the Kapustin Yar V'1adim-
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irovka Missile Test Center, USSR, in
It is believed that the development of the
SA-2 system was begun prior to this time. 2/
First identification of 4 SA-2 SAM sites at
Leningrad on KEYHOLE photography took place
in Subsequent KEY-
H11I.DINGS
1. 260' x 40'
175' x 50'
3. 170' x 55'
4 . 1 1 5 x 50'
5. 65 x 45'
6. 60 x 45'
7. 35' x 20'
E. 25' x 20'
9. 50'. x 60'
DISTANCES
A to 13 190'
B to C 195'
C to D 215'
IJ t o E 1 9 5'
E to F 195'
F to A 500'
G to H 280'
H to 1 190'
1 to J 300'
J to K 215'
K to G 220'
G to j 390'
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revealed 25X1 D
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I hose .sites are connected by access roads
to the Leningrad S \\1 ring road and range from
20 to 31 nautical miles nmi in radial distance
from Leningrad I igure 1i. I he S \-2 sites
around Leningrad fall into two categories of
configurations, the. chevron W pure 2) and fan
'Figure 3).
\1l of the S \-2 sites have an on-site support
facility consisting of one lame reyettedbuilding
Figure 21. The exception is Site B-2a on (lstrov
Kotlin, which has three such reyetted buildings
Wgtlre 31. These buildings probably are used
as. missile-hold or vehicle sheds. From four
to six other smaller buildings comprise the
remainder of the typical support area for the
S.\-2 sites.
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SA-3 SAM DEPLOYMENT
. .\ total of IS S.\-3 S.\\l sites have been
identified to date around Leningrad through
K1XIlOLI: coverage including that of
I'if.St identification of these sites WAS
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made in when two'of the C-con-
figuration sites were observed west-of Lenin-
grad , 1 able 21. Subsequent coverage has re-
vealed the development of the S:\-3 defense
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I. 75' x 55'
-. 130' x 50'
Road
-?- Possible power line
to
It
275'
Revetment
to
C
255'
to
U
255'
to
E
230'
to
A
445'
to
C
240'
A
li
C
D
D
E
FIGURE 4. SINGLY DEPLOYED J-CONFIGURcrTION SA-3 SITE (D25).
system spreading eastward around the Leningrad
ring road. The last two S,:\-3 sites identified,
one of which still is under construction, .vere
observed closing the ring in the northeast quad-
rant of the defense ring. .\ gap remains in the
southeast quadrant of the ring between sites
('08 and C21.\ ('Figure 1) where it is estimated
six to eight new S.\-3 sites will he constructed.
Ten of the S.\-3 sites at Ieningrad are de-
ploved singly and eight are collocated with S:\-2
sites. :\ limited analysis of the on-rite support
facilities at S.\-3 sites reveals that each has a
reverted hold area located behind the site on the
access road. 3 / Where the site is complete, a
building is visible in the revetment, probably as
a missile-hold or vehicle stied (Figure-).
It is difficult. to determine the associated
support buildings for collocated SA-3 sites since
they appear to share support buildings at the
S:\-2 sites. The minimum support area for a
completed SA-3 site appears to consist of a re-
vetted probable missile-hold or vehicle shed,
two administrative-type buildings, and at least
one or two smaller buildings, possibly to house
electronics equipment. This conclusion is based
on the support buildings discernible at sixofthe
completed singly deployed SA-3 sites.
There are four S:\\l support and storage
facilities near Leningrad. A future \1'I(' report
will discuss these -in detail: however, the follow-
ing highlights about them are included in this
report:
1. First evidence of construction was vis-
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ible at one of the facilities in - when
clearing Was begun at the support site. 'I his is
the site located at 59-34-50\ 30-44-00F.
2. Buildings and layout of the support and
storage facilities are similar to the lstra-type
support and storage facilities at \losrow.
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From the available data the following con-
clusions are drawn concerning, development and
construction of the SA-2 ind SA-3 defense
systems around Leningrad:
1. :\ S:\\l defense system for Leningrad
was programmed as early as_
2.' T ime limits on completion of the S:\-2-
S.\\1 s-%,stem are difficult toestahlish.a.\vailahle
photography reveals that development ~t?,is ac-
complished sometime in the (,year span between
3. The pattern of S:\-3 SA\l site deployment
suggests that the S:\` 2 sites were deployed in
L
PIIOT(1GR MIN*
a similar manner around Leningrad.
4. The S.\-3 S:\\l sites at Leningrad are
among the first deployed in the t'SSR. This,
together with other factors, suggests that S:\-2
sites were deployed at Leningrad early in the
development of the overall Soviet defense pic-
ture.
5. -1 he deployment of S:\-3 S:\\l sires begun
in _ is incomplete. On the has is of average
-distance between S.\-3 sites ~ S 3 nml, it is
estimated that six to eight new S \-3 sites will
be constructed in the southeast quadrant of the
defense ring.
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