Approved For Release 2007/11/02 : CIA-RDP80-0081OA004600500011-7
This Document contains Information affecting the Na-
tional Defense of the United States, within the mean-
Ing of Title 18. Sections 783 and 794. of the U.B. Code. as
amended. Its transrnlaeion or revelation of its contents
to or receipt by an unauthorized person 1s prohibited
by Iaw. The reproduction of this form Is Prohibited,
COUNTRY Bulgaria
SUBJECT Fuel Depots near Kazanluk
This is UNEVALUATED
Information
REPORT
DATE DISTR.
NO. OF PAGES
641237
12 August 1954
17
THE SOURCE EVALUATIONS IN THIS REPORT ARE DEFINITIVE.
THE APPRAISAL OF CONTENT IS TENTATIVE.
(FOR KEY SEE REVERSE)
STATE S ARMY X INAVY X AIR EV Z FBI AEC
1. Kalofer (N 42-37, E 24-59).
2. Osetenovo village.
3. Railroad station of Osetenovo.
4. Area of gasoline depot.
5. Karlovo-Kazanluk railroad line.
6. Road to Kazanluk.
7. Road to Karlovo.
8. Road to Novo Selo (N 42-50, E 24-55).
2. The depots are approximately 300 meters west of the Osetenavo railroad station, and
their area starts almost immediately on the northwest side of the rail line. The
area of the underground depots, comprising part of the hill at N 42-36/37, E 25-02,
has a steep, narrow gully, covered with short beech tree thickets. The two slopes
facing each other form almost a right angle, and the reservoirs are dug into the
northeast slope of the gully.
3. Construction work was begun on the large deraround rase
in March 1952.
Informant started work there as a Trudovak on 15 October 1952. 25X1
u7 r1loirs]
As of 15 April 1953, the area had not been fenced in.
4. In the period from March 1952 to 15 June 1953, five huge gasoline reservoirs,
numbered 1 to 5, were constructed in this place. No. 5 is nearest to the road, and
is about 200 meters northwest of the railroad line. The remaining reservoirs No. 4,
No. 3, No. 2, and No. 1 are farther inside the gully, at an average of about 110
meters from each other, so that there is an interval of about 200-250 meters between
No. 5 and No. 1. A sketch of the area is shown in Appendix As page 14. The legend
to Appendix A is on page 13.
Description and Method of Construction of the Reservoirs
First of all, a cut was made on the slope about 20 meters from the bottom of the
gulley and a horizontal tunnel was dug into the hill from this point. The tunnel
is about 150 meters long, three meters wide, two meters high, and is arched. A
rail line equipped with hand-nushed cars withia?capacity of 0.80 cubic meters of
earth runs inside the tunnel.Tiwexcavated earth was taken out on these cars and
emptied directly into the bottom of the gully. The rail line runs to the per-
pendicular tunnel which was dug about 5-6 meters before the end of the horizontal
tunnel; the perpendicular tunnel is about eight meters square.
6. After this tunnel was completed, a second tunnel was started 30 meters directly
above it. The second tunnel extends into the hill so that the inside ends of the
two tunnels are directly one above the other. The second tunnel has the same
internal dimensions as the first tunnel, but is shorter (only about 100 meters)
because of being higher on the sloping hill.
7. In excavating this second tunnel, a narrow gauge rail line was installed, along
which run the 'hand-pushed cars for transporting the excavated earth. The slope
in front of the entrance to the upper tunnel also was slit and a platform was
built on which the narrow gauge rail line curves in order to avoid having the earth
removed from the upper tunnel fall in front of the entrance to the lower tunnel.
8. After this tunnel had been excavated for its calculated length, a circular tunnel
(closed circle) was started from the inside of the tunnel. It was dug so that '
the completed andsof the domey,which wetb to be-built'at theit,bhses, wbuld later
have the following inside perimeters:
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a. For the 5th shaft, 40 meters perimeter;
b. For the 4th shaft, 50 meters perimeter;
c. For the 3rd shaft, 60 meters perimeter;
d. For the 2nd shaft, 70 meters perimeter; and
e. For the 1st shaft, 80 meters perimeter.
9. The width of these circular tunnels is about three meters, but the heights
vary from not more than 0.50 meters on the outside to about 1.5 meters on the in-
side.
10. A sketch of the cistern characteristics is included herewith as Appendix B, page 16.
The legend to Appendix B is on page 15.
11. After these circular tunnels were completed, a reinforced concrete foundation in
circular shape was poured; this had a perimeter and width on the outside even with
above-described tunnel, and a thickness of one meter. The foundation forms a
reinforced concrete circle, compact in all places except where the entrance tunnel
joins the circular tunnel, inasmuch as the base of the foundation is on a
level with the base of the tunnels, passage from one tunnel to another would be
obstructed if this place were also solid. Therefore, to permit passage, the
foundation in this place is a bridge (rather than being solid), about 20 centimeters
thick, allowing an opening about two meters wide and about O.60 meters high through
which entry is possible from the entrance tunnel into the circular tunnel.
12. After this had been completed, work on the dome itself was started. This consisted
of the laying of concrete blocks of similar types and sizes. These blocks were laid
by master-specialists under the control of civilian technicians and engineers.
13. A ready-made scaffolding was utilized in the construction of the dame. The blocks
were lined up, then fused together with a cement-sand solution, and the hollows
between the blocks and the uneven outsides of the circular tunnel were filled in
with concrete in which pieces of rock had been placed. The first row of blocks
lies on the foundation, and the outside side lies,iia a line.
14. During the time the domes were being constructed, the excavation of three shafts
approximately 0.80 by 0.60 meters were started from the lower tunnel in the direc-
tion of the upper tunnel. These lead into the circular tunnel between the founda-
tion and the massive central part.
15. After the vaulted dome of the circular tunnel had been walled up as described above,
the work stopped on it and attention was turned to the excavating of the enclosure
on the inside of the solid part of the circular tunnel. This was broken through in
concentric circles (digging one concentric circle with a width of about two meters
and a matching height), since the prior excavation had been done with the purpose
not of reaching to the base of the circular tunnel, but rather between the roof of
the dome and the solid central part, in order to bbtain a passage about one meter
wide. The dirt dug out was dropped through the shaft into the lower tunnel and from
there taken outside on the rail cars, which load under the shaft.
16. After the opening into the central solid part had been made in this fashion, excava-
tion work halted and the walling up was continued--building of the dome. Later, other
digging was started, making a new passage with a smaller diameter, and then work was
continued on the walling.. This was done until the whole solid part had been broken
through and the walling up of the dome had been done. At the very top of the dome
was ire talled the "navel," a 300-kilogram block, and with this the dome was completely
finished.
17. While thiswork was being done, the excavated earth was being transported away
exclusively through the shafts, and the supply of construction materials, such as
concrete blocks, concrete and cement mixtures, etc. was..made., through the use of
the motor driven "winch," faisincthe;; nt erial'*, - from the platform in front
of the lower tunnel (where the concrete mixers were located) tnc:thejcd ipe r
tunnels from here they were taken on cars or wheelbarrows to the foundation and then
transferred into the inside of the dome with pails or shovels.
18. The completely finished dome had a diameter at the base of about 14 meters and a
height (from the base of the dome to the "navel") of about four or five meters.
These details refer to the 5th shaft (the smallest), and the others were successively
larger, with No. 1 having a diameter of about 28 meters and a height of eight to 10
meters.
19. After the completion of the dome, the casting of reinforced concrete of the walls
and floor of the entry tunnel (the top one) and the walling up with concrete blocks
of the vaulted part was started. At the same time, the remainder of the unbroken
central part of the vaults was broken through, the materials being taken out through
the shaft.
20. After this had been done as far as the., base of the foundation, work was started on
the excavating of the shaft itself which connects the upper and lower tunnels.
21. The excavation work and the building of the walls of the shaft with reinforced
concrete was done from the top to the bottom. Thus, the shaft was dug at a thick-
ness of about a little over two meters from the. outside to the inside side of the
foundation, after which the excavated part was reinforced and the concrete was
poured, so that the inside side of the shaft is in line with the inside side of the
foundation. After that, another one and one-half to two meters was dug out and
again the wails -were poured, etc,, until the lower tunnel was reached.
22. By this methods there had been formed a cylindrical shift with reinforced concrete
walls and bottom, having a diameter of about 12.70 meters, ending at the top part
with a framework of concrete blocks (dome) about 111 meters in diameter and a height
of about 35 meters from the bottom to the "navel." As mentioned above, these
details refer only to the 5th reservoir, with the others being larger; the heights,
however, remain equal throughout.
23. After the revetment of the upper tunnel was finished, the narrow gauge rail line
was dismantled. The lower tunnel has still not been lined, and informant had not
heard when this is tote done.
24. In the respects described above, the reservoirs were completed as follows:
a.
No. 5, on 1 November 1952;
b.
No. 4, on 15 March 1953;
c.
No. 3, on 15 March 1953;
d.
No. 1, on 5-6 April 1953; and
e.
No. 2, on 15 June 1954-
25. The soil in which these reservoirs were(.excavated was a not very strong rock,
gray-green in color, similar to sianit (sic).
26. the ground layer over the dames of the reservoirs had a 25X1
depth of about 30-40 meters.
27. At the same time as the work described above was under way, a road was built to
connect the Karlovo-Kazanluk road with the depot. It is four meters wide, winding
for most of the way, on sea the rail line and ends at installation No. 5. The
road has a stone base with a surface of rolled gravel and sand. It is about 200
meters long, laid over an old dirt road. From installation No. 5, the road con-
tinues to No. 1 so that supply materials can be brought almost immediately in front
of the entrance to the lower tunnel.
28. Since all dirt removed in excavating the tunnels was thrown into the bottom of the
gully, by the time the tunnels had been ccmmpleted, the gully was filled almost to
the level of the lower tunnel. Over this was strewed the earth excavated in con-
structi4g the road from the Kazanluk-Karlovo road iith installation No. 5, so
that the road now actually connects the Karlovo-Kazanl& road with all the tunnels
at the lower level. The total length of the road is about 500 meters.
29. J
25X1
on 15 June 25X1
1953s the concluding work on the reservoirs had been done and that solid reinforced +
concrete portals with a small watch point at each had been constructed at each of
the tunnels (upper and lower levels) -- a total of 10 portals. 25X1
three iron partition doors had been installed inside of each of the upper tunnels*
connected directly with the airfield near Karlovo and Kazanlmlk where they would load 25X1
gasoline directly into the reservoirs. F_ I
underground pipelines 25X1
would go out from these underground reservoirs to the Osetenovo railroad station,
Kazantnk Okoliya, where there was to be constructed a special apparatus for filling
and emptying these reservoirs. the pipelines should be 25X1
11. Also prior to 13 April 1953, C3echspecialists were being awaited at the installa-
tion for doing the completing work and assembling at the reservoirs which was allegedly
to be done (not known what was involved) inside the reservoirs. 25X1
that there are rumors to the effect that others have been started in many other
places in Bulgaria. similar reservoirs are being built 25X1
somewhere near those or Osetenovo; in support of this statement 25X1
command technical and work personnel of the Osetenovo installation going 25xii
e final work on the installation was to be done in
September 1953 but that it would not be put into operation earlier than the be-
ginning of 194.
out, 25X1
this mountain.
25X1
25X1
25X1
34. Another unidentified gasoline storage area is located in Sofia,-as follows:
1. Gasoline depot area.
2. Main building.
3. Garage on first floor, living quarters
on second floor.
~. Inside parking area for motor vehicles.
5. Stone wall 2-2.5 meters high.
6. Park and gardens.
7. Former French College.
8. Road to "Lozenets" Quarter
9. "Mityu Kamuk" Street
Buildings in the Osetenovo Depot Area
35. In March 1952, in the area of the installation was started the construction of
buildings in the Osetenovo gasoline depot area. These were finished in November
1952, and consisted of the following (see also Appendix As page 14):
a. Living quarters: A masonry 1-story building about 50 by 20 meters in'size,
painted white and roofed with red Marseilles tiles; located about 100 meters
north of the railroad line and about 150 meters south of installation No. 5;
b. Offices: A masonry 1-story building about 20 by 15 meters in size, faced with
crushed tiles, and roofed with red Marseilled tiles; located about 15 meters
south of the barracks (living quarters) and about 80 meters north of the
railroad line;
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C. Masonry, 1-story building about 30 by 12 meters in size umpaUted, roofed with
red Marseilles tiles 25X1
located approximately 20 meters due south of the offices;
d. Masonry, 1-story building, ato ut 15 by 10 meters in size, unpainted, roofed with
red Marseilles tiles; located about 20-30 meters north of the railroad line and
south of the above-mentioned building 25X1
e. Warehouse: Masonry, 1-story building about 50 by is meters in size, unpainted,
roofed with red Marseilles tiles; and
f. Transformers: There are two of these at the installation, one similar to a
little house about six by eight meters in size, located about 10.15 meters
north of th3 barracks, and the other (standard transformer) located about 150-200
meters north of the barracks and about 50 meters northeast of installation No. 25X1
25X1
35. I these buildings, 25X1
as well as the under-ground reservoirs, are for the use of the Air Force (not known
which units).
36. A person travelling by either the t-badiorlrail'oadnbetween Kazanluk and Karlovo
may see the buildings and tewtr6Ad:ibf the installations and by careful observation
may make out the reinforced portals of the tunnels and the guard posts in front of
them. The area is not wooded, but only covered with short beech thickets.
Technical Personnel
37. The construction of the underground gasoline reservoirs for the needs of the Air
Force near Osetenovo village, Kazanlu-k Okoliya, was' carried out under the super-
38. The administration of the installation is directed from the office building
described in paragraph 35b above.
39. Most of the master-specialists live in retted roans in Osetenovo village, Kazanluk
Okoliya, and the others live in the buildings constructed as barracks quarters.
25X1
25X1
40. The installation is often inspected by civilian and military officials. Twice the
Chief of the Trudovaks--Colonel Pavel Dimd 25X1
Colon e c ev, chief of the Stara Zagora 25X1
Tru ovak Brigade came both times Dimov came; it.is said that Delchev will be trans-
ferred to serve in the Trudovak chief administration at Sofia. Very often lieutenant 25X1
colonels and ma or and also civilians
Equipment at the Installation 25X1
41. The following equipment was utilized in this construction work:
a. Six or seven compressors;
b. Three concrete mixers;
c. Five winches;
d. Two "Reno" trucks;
e. Five or six vibrators; and
f. Carts as needed, obtained from Osetenovo village.
42. All of the underground installations have electric lighting.
43. There was no ventilation inside the installations at the time of the work.
Guard of the Installation
44. The guard of the installation consists of three posts, manned, by 1:LsfrglT Drudovak).eentry,
with watches changed every two hours. The patrols are armed with rifles. The posts
are located at the following places:
a. At the portal of the installation (where the road leading to the inside of the
installation cuts off from the Karlovo-Kazanluk road); this post checks the
civilian and military personnel leaving and entering the area; neither civilians
nor military personnel may enter the area without a propusk (pass); visitors
coming to the area on business, unknown to the watches, are stopped and the
duty officer is called to decide whether they may or may not enter;
b. At the inside transformer; and
c. At the highest point at the northwest end of the gully; the chief purpose of
this post is to see that Trudovaks don't escape, since escapes from this place
are common; it is forbidden to walk around the work area to where this post is
located.
Outside of work time, the Trudovaks are allowed to walk around in an area about 100
meters square, including the area of the buildings.
46. In entering and leaving the installation area, the Trudovaks must show their passes
to the watch in front of the portal; ftey+n1p;r.esent,;th9- passes to the commander
of the Trudovak podelenie.
47. As of 13 April 1953 there were no regular military personnel at the installation,
but the arrival of an unidentified Air Force podelenie was expected.
49. The work on this installation was started in March 1952 by Trudovak0 25X1
com an of Trudovak Battalion 26-90 of the Stara Zagora Trudovak 25X1
Brigade and will probably be completed by the same podelenie. 25X1
50. On 15 October 1952 Trudovak company 25X1
26-93 consisted Of' SIX a platoons, a arr v o new detachment,
there were now seven latoo The nsists of 25X1
about 400 Trudovaks 5-8 percent 25X1
Bulgarians.
51. On 13 April 1953,.the 4 Platoon 25X1
na Otbranata; Voluntary Organization for Defense Assistance) airfield.
52. A little later another platoon, the 1 or the 2 Platoon was 25X1
taken off and sent to work in Stalin (type of work not own .
53. Thus, as of 15 June 1953s there were five _Platoons, working on this installation,
but after that date (after the completion of the hard work and of reservoir No. 2),
the staff of the company was decreased by another three platoons, two of which were
transferred to work in or around Elkhovo (type of work not known), and the third
was sent to Stara Zagora, where it was reformed, and its personnel was moved into
other podelenies of Trudovak battalion 26. 0 wo t time on the Stara
Zagora airfield, the barracks of artillery and the barracks of 25X1
the Interior troops in Stara Zagora. After 15 June 1953s there were only two
platoons working on the underground gasoline reservoirs, with a total of 110
Trudovaks,who were employed in completing the installation and working on the
pipelines.
34. The Trudovak podelenie is quartered in the buildings attached to the depot.
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Working Conditions and Morale of the Trudovaks
56. Fran March 1952 until 1 January 19532 work at the installation was done in two
shifts of 12 hours each per day. After this, however, it was understood that work
was lagging acccrding to this system, so the work day was changed to three shifts of
eight hours each. It was continued this way until 15 June 1953, when after the large
part of the work had been done, the work days were changed to two shifts of 12 hours
each.
57. This extremely long work day (the two shift variety) was considered as bearable by
informant, since he had often worked up to 15 hours a day at the Stara Zagora air-
field and as much as 18 hours (isolated cases) when work was lagging behind schedule.
58. Because of the special nature of the work being done, work was done by the hour
rather than by the norm, with the time being set according to the wishes of the
company commander, who set the long work days as penalties on the Trudovaks for not
fulfilling the planned work amounts.
25X1
25X1
personnel icept the men systenmaticauy constantly in ear, all attempts at
open revolt were paralyzed because open revolt would give the commanders the excuse
they wanted for striking out at the men.
61. Trudovaks accused of violations were very often judged right at the installation.
there were a total of 11 Trudovaks tried at the installation
during the period he was there, i.e., from 15 October 1952 until 13 April 1953.
For this purpose, two members of the Plovdiv Military Sanctioning Court--an
unidentified major (military prosecutor) and an unidentified captain (military
judge)--arrived at the camp. One officer and one Trudovak enlisted man were chosen
from the Trudovaks at the installation as members of the court and then a public
hearing was held, with all the Trudovaks attending. The trial tsuhlly took three
or four hours, after which "the judge" drew aside and rendered judgment upon re-
turning. In this fashion, there were. the following trials:
a. On 5-6 November 1952, four Trudovaks one Bulgarian) of the 25X1
1929 draft group (names not known) were tried; they were about to be dis-
charged, but in spite of this were sentenced to one year in prison because, as
was brought out at the trial, they had sat down to rest without having orders
to do so and consequently got out of their work; they had been called before
their commander (Starshina Khristov) as to their reasons for breaking off their
work, and they explained that they had sat down for a rest since they had been
working for more than 12 hours; in spite of this, however, the platoon commander
wrote letters indicting the men,who were sentenced to one year in prison for
sabotage and were immediately put in the garrison prison;
b. In January 1953, Georgi Petrov, 1931 draft group, native village not known, and
Kemal (lnu), 1931 draft group, of Svishtov, were tried because of having fnl.ai-
fied their passes; they had changed theik,passehtor-get'additional recreation
time after they had completed their work; Petrov was sentenced to nine months in
prison and Kemal (lnu), as the organizer, was sentenced to one year) and
c. In March 1953, Georgi Radulov, 1930 draft group, former student in industrial
chemistry in Czechoslovakia, and Ismail (lnu), 1930 draft group, from Plovdiv,
were sentenced to three years in prison and sent to the Stara Zagora garrison
prison for having changed the leave time on their passes from 1 to 11 days.
62. On 20 November 19 2 the major (military prosecutor 25X1
25X1
e ver a Lecture the Trudovaks. During his discourse he emphasized 25X1
the duty of the Trudovaks and the need of the country for the men and their work,
and told them of three or four cases in which he personally had shot some guilty
Trudovaks. He represented the moment of shooting of every one of than in a most
illustrative manner, stressing his heartlessness and pitilessness and the desperate
prayers for mercy on the part of those he shot. the military25X1
prosecutor used this theme to frighten the Trud .
63.
The threat of being put under sentence of this t
keeping the Trudovaks at work up to the limits o
ype was the most common means of
f their strength.
51k.
During the work time, it was forbidden to sit do
so from the leader.
wn without specific orders to do
65.
In order not to lose time, meals were served at
hour being allowed for the meal and the noon res
When a given Trudovak or group finished the plan
building work was continued. There was no set
quitting time was set by order.
or near the installation, with one
t, after which work was continued.
ned work ahead of time, the general
hour for stopping work, and the
66.
The quality of the food was bad, but there was sufficient quantity. The Trudovaks
were fed three times a day, with a kind of soup replacing tea in the morning, and
both tea and soup served at noon and in the evening.
67. Because of the hard nata.re of the work., the Trudovaks often needed operations
(chiefly appendicitis and hernia). When this would be brought to the attention of
the company commande (Senior Lieutenant Tenyu Dundov), he told 25X1
the Trudovaks wishsng to have operations that they would have to wait until they
were discharged. He informed them that those having operations during their time
of service would not be granted home leave, but would be given a camp leave of 20
days., after which they would be included in the work roster regardless of their
condition and without regard for the consequences.
68. An example in this regard the case of 1931 draft 25X1
group, from Pazardzhi.k work he 25X1
got a hernia and, without being able to get permission from his comp commander,
sought medical aid from the civilian doctor--the Soviet Dukuchaev fnu doctor 25X1
for the civilian personnel at the "Borieva" mine. The doctor sent to Ustovo,
Asenovgrad Okoliya, there he was operated on. After returning to the podelenie, he
was arrested without delay and kept under arrest* in the following month, in spite
of his recent operation, he was sent to work with the other Trudovaks, and at night
he was kept under arrest. It is said that he is to be put on trial.
69. For the first year after their enrolment in the service, Trudovaks are given home
leave only in case of the death of the mother, father~ wife. or c not for
brothers or sisters), and as a reward for good service 25X1
passes were not given for getting married, If 25X1
a Trudovak wanted to get married in the town., he had to wait a full year from his
date of entering on duty before requesting and beine allowed to have a town wedding.
Characteristic of this situation is the case of 1930 draft 25X1
the parents of the young lady came to the company ccmliap,der
to camp
25X1
,
-
1' --
give leave to this Trudovak.
25X1
Gasoline Depots around Kazanlvk
70. Large gasoline depots are located approximately one kilometer northwest of the outlying
houses in the rortluestern outskirts of Kazanlulc, about 200 meters north of the new
road to Koprinka villages Kazanlnk Oko and about 300 meters west of the portal
of the TXSD d at this localit . 25X1
8'25X1
are located at N 42-37, E 25-23.
71. The depot area covers an area of about 5-6 decares and is not fenced in. There are
about 20 half-underground buildings., dug into the earth about two meters and extending
above the land level about one meter., about 30 meters long and about 10 meters wide,
located here. The walls and base are of concrete construction., while the covers are
of wooden beams. Over the beams has been placed a layer of earth about 30 centi-
meters thick which is then seeded, so that from outside it looks like a hump in the
middle of the surrounding plain. The depots are laid out in two rows., about 15 meters
apart., with each row having about 10 depots at 10 meter intervals. Each of the depots
has two entrances one on each of the narrow sides., built into the solid wooden
doors. The door is approached through a small trench about 4-5 meters long,
starting at the top and descending toward the entractes.
72.
Gasoline in barrels is stored here.
there are over 200
25X1
a roximate OCD-. 000 full barrels (usually 200 or 250 liters).
25X1
the barrels are full, because the men were searche or
25X1
25X1
73. The work of the Trudov the de ots 25X1
and changing their covers. 25X1
old wooden covers are to be thrown away and re- 25X1
placed with others (type not known).
infantry persona the depots are for a unit other than 25X1
the Air Force. 25X1
1. Tunnels of the reservoirs.
2. WS barracks.
3. Warehouse.
4. Offices.
5. Building of unknown use.
6. Transformers.
7. Entrance guard post.
8. New interior road.
9. Karlovo- Kazanluk railroad line.
10. Karlovo-Kazaniuuk road.
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Large Gasoline Depot near Osetenovo
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Vertical View of the Gasoline Reservoir of the Underground Depot near Osetenovo
1. Upper tunnel.
2. Lower tunnel.
3. Arch of the cistern.
4. Body of the cistern.
5. Reinforced concrete base.
6. "Navel" of the arch.
7. Exit from the cistern.
Earth layer.
Faced with concrete blocks.
Reinforced concrete walls.
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