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Secret
DIRECTORATE OF
INTELLIGENCE
Intelligence Memorandum
Foreign Shipping to North Vietnam in June 1967
Secret
COPY No. 14 4
RR IM 67-48
JULY 1967
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OL' V1\.r. 1
Foreword
The data in this memorandum are preliminary
and subject to modification as additional informa-
tion becomes available. Significant changes may
occur in data on ship arrivals and cargoes from
Communist China and, to a lesser extent, in data
on cargoes carried by ships of the Free World.
Data on Soviet and Eastern European (including
Albanian) ship arrivals and cargoes and an Free
World arrivals are not likely to be changed sig-
nificantly. To reflect these changes a table
showing monthly arrivals by flag is included in
this memorandum. All data on cargoes carried
are expressed in metric tons.
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.11" l,tCl' 1
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
Directorate of Intelligence
Foreign Shipping to North Vietnam
in June 1967
Summary
A record high volume of identified deliveries
from Communist China kept North Vietnam's seaborne
imports at a high level in June despite a large
decline in shipments from the USSR. Imports of
miscellaneous and general cargoes and cargoes de-
livered by Free World ships also reached record
high volumes. Imports of foodstuffs continued at
a very high level, but petroleum imports were
unusually small. Seaborne exports remained small
because of earlier bomb damage to coal-processing,
cement, and pig iron plants.
Total calls by foreign ships decreased appreciably
(see the chart, Figure 1) because of the sharp drop
in calls by Soviet ships, as shown in the following
breakdown of arrivals:
Note: This memorandum was produced by CIA. It was
prepared by the office of Economic Research, and
information on ship arrivals was coordinated with
the Office of Naval Intelligence; the estimates and
conclusions represent the best judgment of the
Directorate of Intelligence as of 25 July 1967.
For data on foreign-flag ship arrivals in June, as
well as identified imports and exports carried on
foreign-flag ships, see Tables 1 through 6.
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SECKE"1'
Flag
May
June
Monthly Average
January-May
Total
40
34
39.6
Communist countries
31
23
34.0
USSR
18
8
19.8
Eastern Europe
2
4
3.4+
Communist China
10
11
10.6
Cuba
1
0.2
Free World
9
11
5.6
United Kingdom
7
9
4.6
Other
2
2
1.0
The decrease in Soviet arrivals stemmed from a re-
duction in loadings at Soviet ports, probably
because of heavy congestion at Haiphong. The
closure of the Suez Canal had no effect on deliveries
to North Vietnam in June, but has delayed at least
nine Communist-flag ships still en route, which will
arrive in late July and early August. These delays
will permit the North Vietnamese to reduce at least
temporarily the backlog of ships awaiting unloading
at Haiphong.
A comparison of the first half of 1966 with the
first half of 1967 reveals almost no change in the
total volume of seaborne trade, because a sharp
reduction in exports offset a 59-percent increase
in imports. Arrivals of foreign ships increased
13 percent, but their total gross tonnage declined
6 percent. Calls by Free World ships fell. from 54
to 39, but calls by Soviet ships increased 70 per-
cent to 107. Imports from Free World countries
shrank from 13 percent to 4 percent of total sea-
borne imports.
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Congestion at Haiphong
1. An average monthly volume of 142,900 tons
of seaborne imports in the period March-June has
taxed Haiphong's port facilities and caused in-
creasing delays to shipping. In June the average
time in port of ships which delivered more than
7,000 tons of dry cargo was more than double that
for the first quarter of this year, as shown in
the tabulation below:
Average Number of Days in Port
of Foreign Freighters
Departing from Haiphong
1966
1967
January-
December
January-
March
April
May
June
All dry cargo ships 13
12
12
17
22
Ships that delivered
more than 7,000
tons of dry cargo
21 19
21
28
43
This average should decrease in July because of a
decline in Soviet shipments from the Black Sea and
because the arrival of a few ships will be delayed
until the second half of the month by the closure of
the Suez Canal.
Free World Shipping
2. Eleven Free World ships called at North
Vietnam in June. They delivered 57,900 tons of
identified cargo, the largest monthly volume of
imports carried to North Vietnam on Free World.
ships in at least the past 2-1/2 years. Nine were
British-flag ships owned by Hong Kong shipping
companies and chartered to Communist China. All
nine delivered cargoes from China, including a
7,000-ton shipment of bulk petroleum. A Cypriot-
flag ship brought sugar from Cuba, and an Italian
ship carried miscellaneous and general cargoes from
North Korea. Both were under charter to North
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Vietnam. Five Free World ships departed from
North Vietnam in June, four in ballast and one
with coal for Hong Kong and Japan.
Communist Shipping
3. Soviet ships arriving at North Vietnam in
June made the fewest calls (eight) and delivered
the smallest volume of identified cargo (40,500
tons) since November 1966.* Three dry cargo ships
from the Black Sea accounted for most of the cargo
(see the photograph, Figure 2). Fc-ar freighters
FIGURE 2. THE SOVIET SHIP
BAYMAK (1 1 , 081 GROSS REGISTER
TONS) SAILING TO HAIPHONG FROM
A BLACK SEA PORT IN JUNE 1967
arrived from Vladivostok,
three with wheat flour
and one with a few hun-
dred tons of miscel-
laneous and general car-
goes. A single Soviet
tanker arrived in June
carrying 3,900 tons of
petroleum from Vladi-
vostok.
4. The sharp
decrease in Soviet
arrivals in June stemmed
from a cutback in load-
ings at ports in the
Black Sea and the Soviet
Far East that probably
was intended to reduce
the tieup of Soviet
shipping in the con-
gested port of Haiphong.
There are indications
that the slowdown in
Soviet loadings will
continue through July.
The arrival of ships
from the Black Sea will
be delayed about 16
days because of the
longer voyage around
In January-May 1967, Soviet ships averaged
nearly 20 calls a month, and delivered an averacre
monthly volume of 72,000 tons of cargo to North
Vietnam.
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Africa caused by the closure of the Suez Canal.
This delay should help the North Vietnamese to
reduce at least temporarily the backlog of ships
waiting in Haiphong to be unloaded.
5. Fourteen Soviet ships sailed from North
Vietnam in June. Seven, including a tanker, left
in ballast, three freighters under charter to
North Vietnam carried coal to Japan, two departed
with fruit for the Soviet Far East, and two carried
miscellaneous and general cargoes for Singapore and
Hong Kong.
6. Eastern European-flag ships made four
calls. An Albanian-flag ship, the first to call
at North Vietnam since September 1966, arrived
from Communist China. Three Polish-flag ships
delivered cargoes from Europe (see the photograph,
Figure 3). The Albanian-flag ship and one of the
FIGURE 3. THE POLISH-FLAG SHIP MONIUSZKO (9,247 GROSS REGISTER
TONS) APPROACHING HAIPHONG IN JUNE 1967. THE MONIUSZKO, OPERATING
UNDER CHARTER TO THE CHINESE-POLISI4 SHIPBROKERS COMPANY
(CHIPOLBROK), DELIVERED CARGO LOADED IN POLAND AND BULGARIA.
Polish-flag ships are operated by joint shipping
companies in which Communist China is a partner.*
Three Polish-flag ships sailed from North Vietnam
The Chinese-Albanian Shipping Co. (Chalship) and
the Chinese Polish Shipbrokers Co. (Chipolbrok).
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SLUKt; l'
in June. Two carried general cargoes for Eastern
Europe and one sailed to China. A Cuban ship,
which had delivered sugar in May, began its ho:ne-
ward voyage with a cargo of coal.
7. Eleven Chinese Communist ships arrived in
June. Seven of nine that sailed from China carried
import cargoes, principally foodstuffs, and two
arrived in ballast to load coal. A Chinese-flag
freighter chartered to Chipolbrok delivered a cargo
from a Polish port, and another carried a few hun-
dred tons of cargo from Cambodia. Only three of
the. ten Chinese ships that departed from North Viet-
nam in June carried cargoes. All three sailed for
China, two with small quantities of general cargoes,
and one with coal.
Cargoes
8. Identified cargoes delivered to North Viet-
nam by foreign ships totaled 140,500 tons in June,
compared with average monthly volumes of 113,200
tons in the first quarter of this year and 77,100
tons in all of 1966. Shipments of foodstuffs and
miscellaneous and general cargoes were exceptionally
heavy, but deliveries of petroleum and fertilizer
were unusually low. Cargoes from Communist China in
June totaled 68,100 tons, compared with an average
of 25,100 tons in the five preceding months. No
shipments of arms or ammunition were detected.
9. Imports of miscellaneous and general car-
goes reached the record volume of 64,600 tons in
June. Deliveries from Communist China totaled
25,300 tons and included 9,800 tons of soft coal.
Shipments from the USSR and Eastern European coun-
tries aggregated 18,400 tons and 15,700 tons, re-
spectively, and included construction equipment,
trucks, steel products, textiles, and machinery.
10. Identified imports of foodstuffs in June
totaled 59,900 tons, the second highest monthly
volume recorded.* Communist China provided
In May, 69,400 tons of foodstuffs were delivered
by sea, compared with a total of 77,600 tons in all
of 1966.
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b1 UKL I
35,900 tons, largely rice. Thirteen thousand tons
of wheat flour arrived from the USSR; 10,400 tons
of sugar were delivered from Cuba, and nearly 600
tons of various foodstuffs came from Free World
countries.
11. Seaborne deliveries of petroleum totaled
only 11,000 tons. The June deliveries were made
by a British-flag tanker which carried 7,000 tons
from Communist China, a Soviet tanker with 3,900
tons from Vladivostok, and a Soviet freighter with
100 tons from a Black Sea port.
12. The low volume of petroleum deliveries in
June is largely attributable to the late arrival
of one tanker and possibly the diversion of another
to China. The Soviet tanker Samarkand, which was
scheduled to arrive on 30 June with 10,600 tons of
gasoline and diesel oil, arrived on 1 July. Another
Soviet tanker, the Peter Shirshov, declared at the
Bosporus for Communist China h w 10,700 tons of
kerosene, although there had been earlier indications
that it would load for North Vietnam. Since 1963 the
USSR has delivered petroleum to Chinese Communist
ports only when shipments intended for North Vietnam
could not be accommodated at Haiphong.* Petroleum
handling difficulties resulting from the record
high monthly volume of 35,700 tons of petroleum that
arrived at North Vietnam by sea in May may have
prompted the diversion of the Peter Shirshov. The
existence of problems is indicated by the prolonged
stay in Haiphong of the Soviet tanker Elbrus, which
arrived from the Black Sea late in May with-10,800
tons of petroleum and stayed 31 days, the longest
stay at North Vietnam by any tanker since August
1966.** The Elbrus, which arrived with a draft
exceeding 29 feet, apparently had to discharge part
of its cargo to a smaller Soviet tanker at the
Le Goeland anchorage (see the map, Figure 4) before
it could negotiate the channel to Haiphong. The
shipment that arrived on 1 July apparently was
handled in the same manner.
* These shipments presumably were forwarded to
North Vietnam.
** A Soviet tanker that arrived with a 10,000-ton
shipment in June 1966 was in port about two months.
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S.EUKh l'
13. Imports of fertilizer in June amounted to
5,000 tons, only slightly less than the average of
5,300 tons a month in May and June but far less
than the monthly average of 21,700 tons in the
first half of 1966 and 25,200 tons in January-April
1967. The decrease does not appear to be the re-
sult of seasonal influences and may represent an
effort by North Vietnam to defer lower priority
imports because of congestion at Haiphong.
14. Identified seaborne exports in June totaled
47,100 tons, only 7,600 tons more than the record
low volume in May. Shipments of coal, cement, and
pig iron, North Vietnam's principal exports, con-
tinued to show the effects of bomb damage inflicted
by the recent air strikes against major industrial
facilities. The decline in principal exports is
shown in the tabulation below:
Average Monthly Volume
of Seaborne Exports
in First Half of 1967
(Thousand Metric Tons)
January-
March
April-
June
June
Total
93.0
43.9
47.1
Coal
69.6
32.1
30.3
Cement
8.9
1.3
0
Pig iron
6.1
1.1
0
Other
8.4
9.4
16.8
The 30,300 tons of coal shipped in June went to
Japan (21,800 tons), Cuba (5,000 tons), Communist
China (2,700 tons), and Hong Kong (800 tons). One
Chinese ship that called for coal at Cam Pha had
to depart in ballast apparently because of a lack
of coal.
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NORTH VIETNAM: Maritime Ports, Anchorages, and Shipping Channels
V.R '
Cam Phan
,Part,','
m
n
4
In
m
n
m
I
GULF OF TONKIN
Maritime Port Maritime Anchorage
? Other Port - Shipping Channel
Principal Waterways
A SONG THAI BINH
B CANAL DES BAMBOUS-
LACH TRAY
At Haiphong: I - POL Pier
2-Maritime Wharfs
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Sr;UIuc
Foreign Shipping to North Vietnam: First Six
Months of 1967 Compared with First Six Months
of 1966
15. The quantity of identified cargoes carried
on foreign ships in the first half of this year was
virtually unchanged from the first half of 1966
because a 59-percent increase in imports was offset
by a 40-percent decrease in exports. Imports of
foodstuffs increased 715 percent to 238,100 tons,
more than three times the volume for all of 1966.
Chinese rice and Soviet wheat flour constituted
most of the increased food imports. Imports of
miscellaneous and general cargoes, largely indus-
trial goods from the USSR and Eastern Europe,
increased 47 percent. Imports from Free World
countries continued to decline. A decline in
coal shipments accounted for most of the reduction
in exports. Shipments of coal to China were
drastically reduced but shipments to Japan declined
only slightly.
16. Foreign ship arrivals increased 13 per-
cent, but the total gross register tonnage of
foreign ships declined by 6 percent. Calls by
Free World ships decreased from 54 to 39. Soviet
ship arrivals increased 70 percent to 107, but the
average size of Soviet ships (including tankers)
decreased nearly 32 percent.
17. The principal changes in the two six-
month periods are summarized in the following
tabulation and in greater detail in Tables 5
and 6:
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Half-Year Periods Change
1966 1961 Absolute Percent
Arrivals
Foreign ship arrivals 205 232 +27 +13
Free World ships 54 39 -15 -28
Soviet ships 63 107 +44 +70
Gross register tons of
foreign ship arrivals 1,205.5 1,135.2 -70.3
Soviet ships 458.2 534.9 +76.7
Free World ships 303.1 187.2 -115.9
Seaborne cargo on
foreign ships 1,171.7 1,180.0 +8.3
On Free World ships 396.0 207.5 -188.5 -.48
On Soviet ships 429.8 594.6 +164.8 -38
Seaborne imports on
foreign ships . 484.3 769.0 +284.7 --59
Foodstuffs 29.2 238.1 +208.9 +715
Miscellaneous and
general cargoes 182.3 268.8 +86.5 +47
From Communist
countries 420.0 735.0 +315.0 +75
Seaborne exports on
foreign ships 687.4 411.0 -276.4 ?-40
Soviet ships 139.7 194.1 +54.4 .+-39
Free World ships 281.1 46.3 -234.8 ?-84
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North Vietnam: Foreign-Flag Ship Arrivals
January-June 1966-67
t
[) f-'
}jd ~
1967
January-June
January-June 1966
Flag
January
February
March
April
May
June
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
Total
E
42
42
7
40
2
100
922
100
Communist Countries
31
37
39-
2
31
21
193
ILL
74
USSR
16
24
23
18
18
8
107
46
63
31
Eastern Europe
4
3
4
4
2
4
21
9
19
9
Albania
1
1
Negl.
Bulgaria
2
1
1
4
2
3
1
Poland
2
2
3
4
2
3
16
7
16
8
Communist China
10
12
10
10
11
64
28
68
33
Cuba
1
1
Neg1.
1
Negl.
11
39
17
54
26
Cyprus
1
1
1
1
4
.2
6
3
Greece
7
3
Italy
1
1
Negl.
1
Negl.
Malta
1
1
2
1
2
1
United Kingdom
6
3
3
4
7
9
32
14
38
19
a. Because of rounding, components may not add to the totals shown.
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North Vietnam: Tonnages of Foreign-Flag Ship Arrivals a/
May, June, January-June 1967 and January-June 1966
1967
Type of Ship and Flag
Total
Dry cargo
Tanker
Communist countries
USSR
Eastern Europe
Communist China
Cub a
January-June
Thousand
Thousand
Thousand
Gross
Gross
Gross
Register
Register
Register
Number
Tons
Number
Tons
Number
Tons
40
182.2
34
183.9
232
1,135.2
34
154.9
32
175.0
205
1,028.7
6
27.3
2
9.0
27
106.5
31
145.4
23
126.5
193
948.0
18
86.8
8
51.9
107
534.9
2
15.7
4
31.4
21
165.4
10
33.5
11
43.3
64
238.3
1
9.5
1
9.5
36.8
11
57.4
39
187.2
January-June
1966
Number
Thousand
Gross
Register
Tons
205
1 205.5
188
1,098.4
17
107.2
Cl)
151
902.4
tt
C)
Pd
63
458.2
19
142.7
68
291.8
1
9.7
54
303.1
a. The aggregate tonnage of ships calling is not necessarily correlative to the actual volume of
cargoes moving into and out of North Vietnam, but these data are of value as indications of relative
changes in the vo1ump of shipping. Because of rounding, components may not add to the totals shown.
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North Vietnam: Identified Imports Carried by Foreign-Flag Ships a/
June 1967 and January-June 1966-67
r) N
trj i
June 1967
Ammonium
January-June
Sulfate
and Other
leum
t
P
Bulk
Foodstuffs
Miscellaneous
Total
1967
1966
Flag
Fertilizers
ro
e
0
5
11.0
59.9
64.6
140.5
769.0
484.3
Total
.
4
0
2
36
37.4
82.6
607.8
369.4
Communist countries
5.0
.
.
USSR
5.0
4.0
13.0
18.4
40.5
400.5
290.1
4
4
Eastern Europe
0.4
11.4
11.8
65.o
1.
8
Communist China b/
Cuba
22.8
7.6
30.3
130.1
12.2
33.
4.0
0
23
7
27.2
57.9
161.2
114.9
Free World
0
7.
.
a. Identified imports include some estimates of bulk cargoes, using methods which have proved to
be highly reliable. Because of rounding, components may not add to the totals shown.
b. An additional unknown quantity of imports may have been carried by Chinese Communist ships.
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Table 4
North Vietnam: Identified Exports Carried by Foreign-Flag Ships a/
June 1967 and January-June 1966-67
June 1967
January-June
Flag
Coal
Pig Iron
Miscellaneous
Total
1967
1966
Total
30.3_
0
16.8
47.1
411.0
687.5
Communist countries
19.8
0
16.8
36.6
364.7
406.3
USSR
12.1
10.5
22.6
194.1
139.7
Eastern Europe
2.0
2.0
46.6
54.4
Communist China
2.7
3.9
6.6
118.6
203.2
Cuba
5.0
0.4
5.4
5.4
9.0
Free World
10.5
0
0
10.5
46.3
281.1
a. Identified exports include some estimates of bulk cargoes, using methods which
have proved to be highly reliable. Because of rounding, components may not add to
the totals shown.
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North Vietnam: Identified Imports Carried by Foreign-Flag Ships, by Origin and Commodity J
January-June 1967 and January-June 1966
January-June 1967
January-June 1966
Origin
Ammonium
Sulfate
and Other
Fertilizer
Petroleum
Grain
and Other
Foodstuffs
Timber
Miscel-
laneous
Total
Ammonium
Sulfate
and Other
Fertilizer
Petroleum
Grain
and Other
Foodstuffs
Timber
Miscel-
laneous
Total
Total
111.6
142.3
238.1
8.1
268.8
769.0
130.6
13
Z9_2
9.9
182.3
484.3
C/D
Communist countries
107.6
142.3
222.2
0
263.0
735.0
94 77
132.3
28.1
0
164.9
420.0
tri
n
N
ussR
81.7
109.6
69.4
110.2
370.9
68.5
131.3
0.6
65.0
265.3
by
U'
Eastern Europe
14.0
1.2
21.0
74.3
110.3
16.0
1.0
26.8
43.8
Communist China jJ
31.5
90.3
71.9
193.7
14.9
73.2
88.o
North Korea
11.9
6.6
18.4
10.2
10.2
Cuba
41.6
41.6
12.7
12.7
Free World
4.0
0
16.0
8.1
6.0
34.1
35
2
1.0
9.9
17.4
64.3
Cambodia
14.0
8.1
0.4
22.5
9.9
9.9
Hong Kong.
0.6
0.6
Japan
1.9
1.9
15.8
13.6
29.3
Singapore/Malaysia
1.7
2.2
3.9
1.0
3.7
4.7
Western Europe
0.2
0.9
1.1
20.2
0.2
20.3
Other
4.0
4.0
a. Because of rounding, components may not add to the totals shown.
b. An additional unknown quantity of imports may have been carried by Chinese Communist ships.
Approved For Release 2008/04/15: CIA-RDP78TO2095R000800070069-0
Approved For Release 2008/04/15: CIA-RDP78TO2095R000800070069-0
North Vietnam: Identified Exports Carried by Foreign-Flag Ships, by Destination and Commodity
January-June 1967 and January-June 1966
January-June 1967
January-June 1966
Pi
I
Miscel-
laneous
Total
Coal
A ap tite
Cement
Pig Iron
Miscel-
laneous
Total
Destination
Coal
Apatite
Cement
ron
g
8
21
5
5
53
411
0
59?
0
61.1
1.4
29.3
687.4
30~ 5.1
0
30.
.
.
.
0
o
21
9
148
7
349.0
0
0
3
0_5
13.4
365.9
124.9
2.0
.
.
_
Cn
I
USSR
9.1
9.1
6.3
6.3
1
CJ)
e
n Euro
t
E
6.1
6.1
5.1
5.
6
C)
er
p
as
Communist China
119.9
2.0
4.4
126.2
331.9
3.0
0.5
1.3
.7
33
Icy
North Korea
1.9
1.9
8
1
H
Cub a
5.0
0.4
5.4
17.1
0.7
7.
1
262
2
6
246
0
58.1
1.0
15.8
321.5
180.2
0
28.8
21.5
.7
3
.
.
Cambodia
24.6
24.6
34.4
9.0
1
1
43.5
6
2
Hong Kong
2.0
4.1
2.0
22.2
30.3
3.0
2.0
0.1
.
2
2
.
191
1
Ja
an
163.2
19.5
2.2
185.0
181.9
7.0
.
8
.
6
p
ore/Malaysia
Sin
a
7.5
6.1
13.6
5.0
0.8
1.
7.
6
2
g
p
rn Europe
t
W
7.5
0.2
7.7
61.7
1.5
3.
0
e
es
Other
0.9
0.9
9.8
0.2
10.
a. Identified exports include some estimates of bulk cargoes, using methods which have proved to be highly reliable. Because of
rounding, components may not add to the totals shown.
Approved For Release 2008/04/15: CIA-RDP78TO2095R000800070069-0
Approved For Release 2008/04/15: CIA-RDP78TO2095R000800070069-0
Secret
Secret
Approved For Release 2008/04/15: CIA-RDP78TO2095R000800070069-0