DRAFT DIRECTIVE ON THE COMBAT READINESS OF THE TROOPS AND NAVAL FORCES ALLOCATED TO THE COMBINED ARMED FORCES

• Document Type: FOIA
• Collection: CIA Analysis of the Soviet Navy
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): 0005508940
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: U
• Document Page Count: 35
• Document Creation Date: June 19, 2017
• Document Release Date: June 19, 2017
• Case Number: SC-2007-00006
• Publication Date: March 30, 1979

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CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20505
30 March 19
The Director of Central Intelligence
John N. McMahon
Deputy Director for Operations
Draft Directive on the Combat Readiness of
the Troops and Naval Forces Allocated to
the Combined Armed Forces
1. The enclosed Intelligence Information Special Report is
a translation of a sensitive draft directive issued by the
Commander-in-Chief of the Combined Armed Forces of the Warsaw
Pact which defines the levels of combat readiness used in the
Combined Armed Forces and describes the notification procedures
and steps to be taken in shifting the Warsaw Pact forces to
successively higher levels of combat readiness. When finalized,
this draft directive will supersede the 1971 directive on combat
readiness. Also defined in the draft directive is a new level of
readiness called "military threat," which is an intermediate
level between increased and full combat readiness. Other new
information includes the role of military educational
institutions and commissariats in the mobilization process.
2. Because the source of this report is extremely
sensitive, this document should be handled on a strict
need-to-know basis within reci i
cMa on
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Distribution:
The Director of Central Intelligence
The Joint Chiefs of Staff
The Director, Defense Intelligence Agency
The Assistant to the Chief of Staff for Intelligence
Department of the Army
Director of Naval Intelligence
Department of the Navy
The Assistant Chief of Staff, Intelligence
U. S, Air Force
Director, National Security Agency
Deputy Director of Central Intelligence
Director of the National Foreign Assessment Center
Director of Strategic Research
Director of Weapons Intelligence
Director, Strategic Warning Staff
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Intelligence Information Special Report
COUNTRY USSR/WARSAW PACT
DATE OF
INFO. Current
SUBJECT
Page 3 of 35 Pages
DATE
30 March 1979
Draft Directive of the Commander-in-Chief of the Combined
Armed Forces of the Warsaw Pact Member States on the Combat
Readiness of the Troops and Naval Forces Allocated to the
\ Combined Armed Forces
SOURCE Documentary
Summary:
The following report is a translation from Russian of a
sensitive draft directive issued by the Commander-in-Chief of the
Combined Armed Forces of the Warsaw Pact which defines the levels
of combat readiness used in the Combined Armed Forces and
describes the notification procedures and steps to be taken in
shifting the Warsaw Pact forces to successively higher levels of
combat readiness. When finalized, this draft directive will
supersede the 1971 directive on combat readiness. Also defined
in the draft directive is a new level of readiness called
"military threat," which is an intermediate level between
increased and full combat readiness. Other new information
includes the role of military educational institutions and
commissariats in the mobilization process.
Comment:
Eal_IL.2Elata
"Military Threat" combat readiness may also be translated as
"threat of war" combat readiness or "readiness for the threat of
war."
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OF SPECIAL IMPORTANCE
Copy No.
Draft
DIRECTIVE
of the Commander-in-Chief of the Combined Armed Forces
of the Warsaw Pact Member States on the Combat Readiness
of the Troops and Naval Forces Allocated to the Combined
Armed Forces
No.
(Day, Month] 197. Moscow
The following are guidelines for the planning and support of
the combat readiness of the troops, aviation, and navies
allocated to the Combined Armed Forces:
1. In the Combined Armed Forces of the Warsaw Pact member
states, four levels of combat readiness are to be established --
CONSTANT, INCREASED, MILITARY THREAT (VOYENNOY OPASNOSTI), and
FULL.
In CONSTANT COMBAT READINESS, the troops, aviation, and
navy engage in everyday planned activity and are in readiness for
the fulfilment of combat tasks by constant-readiness large units
and units and for the conduct of full mobilization by
reduced-strength and cadre large units, units, and facilities.
Individual large units, units, ships, and subunits are on
combat alert (combat duty) according to plans and combat duty
rosters.
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To maintain CONSTANT combat readiness the following basic
measures are implemented in the troops in advance.
IN ALL BRANCHES OF THE ARMED FORCES:
-- round-the-clock alert is implemented in the headquarters,
the staffs, and the prepared (protected) command posts in
accordance with existing regulations and instructions;
-- the communications system is in readiness for the receipt
and transmission of instructions (signals, combat orders) and
operational information;
-- radio communications are carried out in the everyday
routine in accordance with approved plans, A set of diverse
communications exercises and practice drills is conducted between
operational formations (large units) and the Staff of the
Combined Armed Forces, the Central Command Post of the Air
Defense of the Warsaw Pact Countries (TsKP PVC SVD), and the
cooperating staffs;
-- preliminary training is conducted in airborne control
posts (VzPU) on aircraft and in helicopters, Ground and air
alerts are organized periodically for practical training;
-- combat equipment, armament, motor transport, and means of
protection are maintained in accordance with the standards and
procedure established in each allied army by the orders and
directives of the ministers of defense and the general (main)
staffs;
-- materiel-technical means are stored in depots (bases) in
readiness for issue to the troops or loaded onto motor transport
in readiness for shipment to concentration (dispersal, full
mobilization) areas.
In addition to that, the following supplementary measures
are carried out in the branches of the armed forces:
IN THE GROUND FORCES
Constant-readiness large units and units:
-- operational-tactical and tactical delivery missiles, at
least one per launcher and with an appropriate reserve of missile
propellant, are stored in missile brigades and battalions. In
addition, there is at least one operational-tactical delivery
missile at Readiness No, 6 and one tactical delivery missile per
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launcher at the mobile missile-technical base;
-- tanks, infantry combat vehicles, and armored personnel
carriers of the combat inventory are kept fully fueled, with
ammunition stowed in them and with radio sets, optical
instruments, and batteries installed;
-- line unit reserves of ammunition and fuel are stored
already loaded on motor vehicles and in fuel tanks or in
containers on ramps ready for loading. The remaining authorized
reserves of materiel-technical means are placed in depots of
large units and units.
Reduced-strength large units and units:
-- tanks, infantry combat vehicles, and armored personnel
carriers of a combat group are kept fully fueled and with
ammunition on board;
-- materiel-technical means and the facilities of reception
centers for personnel and equipment are kept in readiness for
loading and shipment.
IN THE AIR DEFENSE FORCES OF THE COUNTRY:
round-the-clock combat alert is implemented by on-duty
staff groups at the Central Command Post and at command posts;
-- round-the-clock combat alert is implemented by
reduced-strength combat crews in large units and units of branch
arms at command posts;
surface-to-air missile troops -- up to 50 percent of the
surface-to-air missile battalions are on combat alert in a border
(coastal) zone at Readiness No. 2, and in the remaining territory
up to 25 percent of the surface-to-air missile battalions are at
Readiness No, 3. Technical battalions (batteries) on alert are
kept in readiness to activate technological [assembly and
check-out] groups in the prescribed time limits;
air defense aviation -- two crews are on combat alert at
each permanent basing airfield in a border (coastal) zone, one
is at Readiness No. 2 and one at Readiness No. 3; in the
remaining territory they are at Readiness No. 3.
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Air regiments that are being rearmed with and retrained for
new equipment are released from combat alert according to a list
approved by the commander of the air defense forces of each
country;
radiotechnical troops -- one or two radar stations in each
company (battalion) are on combat alert at Readiness No. 2 with
the radars switched on and conducting reconnaissance according to
a schedule;
radio reconnaissance units -- all the subunits of radio
intercept, radio direction tinding,?ad reconffilssance and
analysis of new types of transmissions and communications are on
combat alert;
in all the radioelectronic warfare units, the means for
jammingraarlso157071a77=7175717774?radio
communications, reconnaissance, and target designation are on
combat alert by schedule.
IN THE AIR FORCES:
-- operational and dispersal airfields are kept in operating
condition;
-- aircraft (helicopters) are in dispersal zones and in
shelters at the main airfields.
IN THE NAVY:
-- control of the forces is exercised from everyday command
posts;
-- main, alternate; auxiliary, shipboard, and airborne
control posts and the reserve communications system are in
readiness to be deployed in fixed time limits;
-- constant-readiness ships and units with equipment in good
working order, a power supply, and basic equipment resources --
at no less than full [cruise] endurance -- with a prescribed
minimum reserve of weapons and materiel-technical means, and a
full complement of personnel and which have completed the basic
tasks of combat training, are in constant readiness to fulfil
combat tasks;
-- no less than two-thirds of the constant-readiness ships
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are on combat duty, on combat alert, and in readiness to go to
sea in time limits not exceeding those established for the navy;
-- no less than 90 percent of the aircraft (helicopters) are
kept in constant readiness;
-- based on the specific conditions of each country, the
general (main) staffs of the allied armies determine the time
limits for providing the constant-readiness forces with ships
that are being overhauled or have been mothballed, with reserve
units, and with conscripted merchant vessels.
MILITARY EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS, military commissariats,
scientific research and other facilities (arsenals, bases,
depots, hospitals, factories, and repair facilities) engage in
everyday planned activity.
/
bj In INCREASED COMBAT READINESS, the troops, aviation, and
navy-ire at permanent garrison (basing) points and in combat duty
(patrol) areas and they carry out a number of measures which
result in increasing their readiness for the fulfilment of combat
tasks and for full mobilization.
On the pretext of exercises, troops and naval forces are ,v
brought to INCREASED combat readiness without a declaration of
combat alert.
When INCREASED combat readiness is put into effect, the
following basic measures are implemented:
IN ALL BRANCHES OF THE ARMED FORCES:
-- round-the-clock alert of the generals, admirals, and
officers from among the command personnel is established in the
control organs. Alert shifts are reinforced at the command posts
and communications centers; ?
-- operations groups are dispatched to the prepared
il\ (protected) control posts of formations. The communications
i\ \system at these posts is made ready to operate according to plan,
i
ql:Airborne control posts on the ground are placed on
id round-the-clock alert with reduced-strength combat crews and are
pat Readiness No. 3;
-- large units and units of all branch arms remain at
permanent garrison points, and those at firing ranges and
training areas return to their garrisons or to areas indicated to
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them. Armament and combat equipment are demothballed and brought
to combat-ready condition. Measures are adopted to rapidly put
into service the combat equipment that is being repaired or is
undergoing routine maintenance (modernization);
-- registered reserve specialists ( ri isno sostav)
attending training assemblies, and motor transport ailocated from
the civilian economy are kept with the troops until special
instructions are given by the general (main) staffs. The
discharge of personnel completing the established peri6a?Of
sC7fiTie se-iiii7a-ii-susperided. The routine call-gp_of yclIng
replacements is continued according to plan;
of troops,'afid?thilitary
commissariats for the fulfilment of mobilization measures is
verified. The security of staffs and command posts is increased,
as are radiation and chemical surveillance; the plans for
bringing the troops to the next level of combat readiness are
refined, and mobilization plans and measures for full-strength
manning are refined;
-- updated requests to cover the current deficit in
personnel are submitted to local military commissariats;
-- centers for the reception of personnel from the reserve
and of supplies and motor transport from the national economy are
made ready for deployment;
-- with the permission of the general (main) staffs,
additional communications channels and radio transmitters can be
taken over from the ministries of communications (according to a
listing agreed upon in advance);
-- forces and means on alert are reinforced and they perform
duty with full crews. Officers and junior officers (warrant
officers, service school graduates awaiting assignment, and
noncommissioned officers) receive personal weapons, individual
protection means, and dosimeters, and if necessary they are
placed on barracks status;
-- with the permission of the general (main) staffs,
personnel are recalled from leave and temporary. duty;
-- cartridges, grenades, steel helmets, and emergency
reserve gasmasks for cadre personnel are given to large units in
standard packaging (packing);
-- measures are carried out to check the capability of
electronic means to operate on reserve frequencies, and the
necessary security measures are taken for this;
-- line unit reserves of materiel-technical means are loaded
onto combat vehicles and motor transport. Surplus reserves
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(those in excess of norms for mobile reserves), barracks
facilities, training equipment, stores, and materiel are made
ready to be turned over;
-- radio means operate for transmission in the routine
[established] for CONSTANT readiness.
After all measures are carried out, units and subunits
continue to engage in combat training in their permanent garrison
areas without relaxation of combat readiness.
In addition to that, the following supplementary measures
are carried out in the branches of the armed forces:
IN THE GROUND FORCES
Constant-readiness large units and units:
-- units and subunits designated to cover state borders get
ready to move out to prepared lines or to the immediate rear of
their own defense areas;
-- for direct cover of control posts in large units and
units located in border areas, subunits of antiaircraft
missilemen with portable surface-to-air missile systems take up
positions in readiness for combat actions;
-- air defense large units and units of the ground forces
take up positions close to permanent garrison points in readiness
to deliver fire no later than two hours after instructions have
been received from the general (main) staffs, and they cover the
troops in permanent garrison points;
-- the functioning of the missile systems is checked out,
and missile propellant is put into the servicing vehicles;
-- delivery missiles are removed from storage depots and are
loaded onto launchers, transporter-loaders, and transport
vehicles. The delivery missiles are made ready to be transported
at the prescribed level of storage;
-- technological groups are deployed at permanent garrison
points and the surface-to-air missiles which have been kept in
long-term storage (at surface-to-air missile technical bases --
half of the reserve) are assembled. Missiles kept in the
intermediate readiness routine are fueled at the instruction of
the general (main) staffs;
army aviation aircraft (helicopters) are prepared to
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scramble with their initial units of fire being conventionally
charged. The aircraft remain in protective structures, but in
the absence of the latter they are dispersed to the perimeters of
the airfield and are camouflaged. The security and defense of
airfields are strengthened;
-- alert means for jamming the onboard radioelectronic means
of aviation are brought to readiness for combat operation by
radioelectronic warfare units;
-- the manning of field means for fixing nuclear bursts is
organized close to troop disposition areas.
On the pretext of preparing for exercises, reduced-strength
and training large units and units carry out the nTraTing
measures:
? all_armament and equipment needed for cadre personnel at
jpeacetime strength is demothballed and made ready for removal
from military posts. Upon completion of this work, and if there
is time, other mothballed equipment is removed from storage and
made ready for removal from military posts. Batteries and night
vision equipment on all vehicles are put in operating condition;
-- line unit reserves of materiel-technical means which are
required to ensure combat effectiveness and to protect cadre
personnel from weapons of mass destruction, and those needed for
the first-priority measures of full mobilization, are loaded onto
motor transport. The remaining reserves stored in large-unit and
unit depots are readied for movement to full mobilization areas,
but they are not released from the depots. The equipment and
inventory stored away from large units and units are not drawn
on;
-- deployed batteries (platoons) of reduced strength
antiaircraft units occupy firing positions close to military
posts;
-- equipment for reception centers is prepared for movement
to full mobilization areas;
-- mobilization plans and the completeness and quality of
manning are updated.
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IN THE AIR DEFENSE FORCES OF THE COUNTRY
The time for bringing to increased readiness
is no more than one hour.
Surface-to-air missile troops:
-- all combat-ready surface-to-air missile and technical
battalions (batteries) in a border (coastal) zone are put on
combat alert at Readiness No. 2, except for reduced-strength and
cadre-strength (kadrirovannyye] battalions;
-- technical battalions (batteries) are kept in readiness to
activate technological groups in prescribed time limits.
A reserve of fully prepared missiles at launch sites is
established by the general (main) staffs.
AIR DEFENSE AVIATION
-- one air squadron in each air regiment is placed on combat
alert at Readiness No. 2. Subsequently, the levels of readiness
for the squadrons on alert are determined by decision of the
commanders of the air defense forces of the countries, based on
the specific situation. The remaining squadrons of the air
regiments are held in a condition that ensures their being
shifted to Readiness No, 1 within a time period not exceeding one
hour and twenty minutes;
-- air regiments (squadrons) designated to reinforce
aviation groupings on individual axes are prepared for rebasing;
-- alternate dispersal airfields and maneuver airfields are
made ready to receive aircraft;
-- advance teams of air regiments and support subunits
prepare to move out to the alternate airfields;
-- training flights are carried out by squadron according to
combat training plans, except for the air squadron on alert.
Radiotechnical s:
-- one or two radar stations from each company (battalion)
are on combat alert at Readiness No, 2 with their radars switched
on and conducting reconnaissance according to schedule;
radiotechnical subunits being held at Readiness No. 3 are
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shifted to Readiness No. 21 and cadre-strength subunits (with one
radar) are held at Readiness No. 3;
-- to increase low-altitude radar coverage, radar stations
with communications means are moved out and deployed in positions
according to plans.
All radioelectronic warfare units and subunits on combat
alert are reinforced by deploying additional radar jamming means
and shifting them to Readiness No. 2;
-- surveillance of the operation of the enemy's radio
navigation systems is carried out according to a stepped-up
schedule.
Radio reconnaissance units on combat alert are reinforced by
switching them Over to two- or three-shift combat operation.
Mobile radio reconnaissance groups are given their full
authorization of radio intercept equipment, radio direction
finding equipment, and communications equipment. They are held
in readiness for immediate departure to deployment areas,
IN THE AIR FORCES:
-- staff operations groups and combat control centers and
groups move out with communications means to cooperating command
posts of the other different armed forces branches and branch
arms;
-- emergency reserve equipment and armament are brought to
combat-ready condition. Ammunition, POL, aviation stores, and
other materiel of komendaturas and advance teams are kept loaded
on motor transport.
Large units and units of all branch arms and types of
aviation:
-- operational (dispersal) airfields are made ready to
receive units (subunits);
-- antiaircraft batteries covering airfields are made ready
to repel the enemy;
-- airfield engineer units are moved out to areas where
concealed airfields are to be built and to reconnoitered landing
areas;
-- flights for instructional and combat training are carried
out in air regiments by squadron;
-- work on camouflaging airfields and installations is
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carried out according to plans.
Li= units, units, and subunits of front and army aviation:
-- aircraft (helicopters) are prepared to scramble with the
initial unit of fire in conventional ordnance suspended from
them; the aircraft are kept in protective shelters or, in the
absence of the latter, they are dispersed to the perimeters of
the airfield and camouflaged;
-- a second unit of fire consisting of conventional charges
is made ready for combat use;
-- advance teams, komendaturas of support units, technical
maintenance units, division aircraft repair shops, and mobile
missile-preparation sites with the prescribed reserve of
ammunition, aviation fuel, and materiel are brought to readiness
to move out to operational (dispersal) airfields or to
concentration areas. They are dispatched according to
supplementary instructions of the general (main) staffs,
IN THE NAVY:
-- shipboard and airborne control posts are made-ready to go
to sea (or for takeoff);
-- proposals are prepared to recall merchant vessels from
foreign ports and remote areas. A regime for restricting the
navigation areas of mobilization-designated ships is put into
effect;
-- ships take on reserves up to full allowances; shipboard
personnel and stores in excess of authorized limits are
transferred to shore bases;
-- armament and combat equipment are demothballed;
ammunition stored on ships and in units is made completely ready
to fire;
-- reconnaissance and patrol duty activities and the
surveillance system are strengthened.
On the pretext of preparing for exercises,
constant-readiness large units, units, and 21121:
-- are brought to full strength in naval personnel, and they
depart for alternate dispersal areas. Part of the forces go on
combat alert;
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-- ships performing combat duty continue to fulfil assigned
tasks;
-- combat-duty forces are built up;
-- flight personnel and aircraft (helicopters) are made
ready to fulfil combat tasks and to fly to dispersal airfields;
-- initial units of fire of conventional ordnance are
suspended from aircraft (helicopters);
-- operational and dispersal airfields are made ready to
receive aviation and to support it.
Reserve ships and units:
-- work is stepped up on ships, in coastal missile and
artillery units, and on aircraft that are being repaired and
rearmed, and they are put into service more quickly;
demothballing of ships is begun by preservation crew
forces;
-- testing, preparation of ships for combat, and retraining
of air unit personnel are carried out according to accelerated
programs.
MILITARY EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS operate according to their
own plans. The calculations relative to the cceIerated
graduation of students (cadets) are refined; measures are refined
for preparing military educational institutions to change over to
horte ? academic t ms. Preparations are made for exxolation
and for the dispatch of rotational personnel to
t eir assignments.
STATIONARY FACILITIES (arsenals, bases, depots, repair
facilities, etc.) are in readiness to issue materiel to the
troops on a mass basis and to support them without interruption.
By order of the general (main) staffs, ammunition in border
artillery depots can be made completely ready to fire. '
Restrictions on the bed capacity in the hospitals are lifted and
preparations are made to increase it according to wartime norms.
MILITARY COMMISSARIATS (oblast commissariats or those equal
to them) dispatch operations TrOt757 to exurban control posts and
bring communications means to readiness for operation. The plans
of notification, call-up, and delivery of mobilization resources
to the troops are refined. The readiness of the notification
system is tested. Military personnel are placed on barracks
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status. The call-up of mobilization resources to cover the
current deficit in personnel is planned,
(C) In MILITARY THREAT COMBAT READINESS, troops and naval
forces are moved to aiternate concentratipn (dispersal) areas and
positions and they are brought into readiness to fulfil combat
tasks. By special order of the general (main) staffs or the
Staff of the Combined Armed Forces, they can be moved to secret
(primary) concentration (dispersal) areas or to positions. Each
large unit (unit, facility, establishment) has, as a rule, two or
three areas no closer than 10 toj5 kilometers from the permanent
garrison points, one of the areas being secret_ and unprepared
L-from an engineer standpoint. Only a limited number of personnel
directly involved in working out combat readiness plans should
know the secret '(primary) troop concentration areas.
From the moment a combat alert is declared, the time for
completing the departure from military posts should not exceed:
from CONSTANT combat readiness -- 40 minutes in summer, one hour
in winter; from INCREASED combat readiness -- 30 minutes in
summer, 40 minutes in winter.
When MILITARY THREAT combat readiness is put into effect in
the troops, the following basic measures are implemented.
IN ALL BRANCHES OF THE ARMED FORCES:
-- round-the-clock alert of full combat crews is established
at command posts. Alternate command posts are brought into
readiness to assume Con-trol. Airborne control posts maintain
round-the-clock alert on the ground with full combat crews;
-- reconnaissance of the probable enemy on the territory of
contiguous countries is increased (without violating state
borders);
-- operations groups designated to support cooperation go to
the staffs of operational formations of the allied armies
according to plans;
-- constant-readiness large units and units and control
organs with communications, security, and service units are
brought up to pre-scribed wartime strength and into readiness to
fulfil combat tasks,
-- reduced-strength, cadre, and newly activated large units,
units, and facilities receive their organizational nucleus from
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the reserve and prepare for full mobilization;
-- units and subunits being retrained at training centers
are switched over to reduced periods of training, and units that
are to receive new equipment receive it in reduced time periods;
-- modification (modernization) of combat equipment and
frequent routine maintenance of it are halted and the equipment
is brought into combat condition;
-- radio communications means in permanent garrison points
continue to operate for transmission in the everyday routine
established for INCREASED combat readiness. In prepared and
protected control posts the communications system is set up to
the full extent without changing the operating routine of radio
means for transmission. Communications to support regrouping are,;
established;
-- the discharge of persons completing the established term
of active service, and the routine call-up of young replacements,
if it has proceeded, are suspended;
-- persons subject to military service who are attending
training assemblies, except those attached to units attending
assemblies in accordance with the mobilization plan, are sent to
their military commissariats. Cadre personnel designated for
other contingents are dispatched to their assigned locations;
-- personnel are issued cartridges, grenades, steel helmets,
gas masks, dosimeters, first-aid kits, and antichemical kits;
-- all types of armament and combat equipment are made ready
for combat use, and the ammunition of the line unit reserves is
made completely ready to fire;
-- excess reserves, barracks facilities, training equipment,
and inventory are turned over as prescribed;
-- centers are set up to receive personnel from the reserves
and equipment from the national economy.
In addition, the following supplementary measures are
carried out in the branches of the armed forces:
IN THE GROUND FORCES:
-- control organs go to prepared command posts. The
movement of troops to concentration areas and the bringing of
constant-readiness large units and units to full strength are
monitored;
-- all additional communications channels are taken over
from state networks;
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-- operations groups occupy their working positions in
tairborne control posts in readiness to support an airborne alert; 1
-- the readiness of covering units and their arrival at the
state border are checked (if there has been an order for this
from the general (main) staffs);
-- border guard troops are made subordinate to the ministry
of defense (where they are not under the ministry of defense).
Combat tasks are specified for them;
-- operational planning documents are refined.
Constant-readiness large units and units:
-- by permission of the general (main) staffs, the units and
subunits designated to cover the state border occupy assigned
lines and carry out defense measures according to plans;
-- radio and radiotechnical reconnaissance units and
subunits occupy siting areas;
-- a surveillance system is set up in cooperation with the
border guard troops, which are made subordinate to .the ground
forces command by order of the ministries of defense;
-- missile large units and units are moved out to siting
areas;
-- large units, units, and subunits of air defense forces
cover the troops during their departure from garrison points, on
routes of advance, and in concentration areas;
-- the line unit reserve of missiles in surface-to-air
missile battalions and batteries is converted to final readiness
routine and loaded onto launchers, combat vehicles,
transporter-loaders and transport vehicles;
-- surface-to-air missiles in intermediate readiness routine
are fueled at surface-to-air missile technical bases and the
remaining missiles are converted to intermediate readiness
routine;
-- army aviation units can be partially or fully moved to
dispersal airfields. Aircraft and ground radioelectronic means
are retuned to wartime frequencies and concealed airfields are
prepared;
radioelectronic warfare units conduct continuous radio
and radiotechnical reconnaissance with means on alert, and they
also move forward to cover command posts, troops, and
installations.
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The time for bringing large units and units in concentration
areas into readiness for fulfilment of tasks is set as follows:
-- without bringing them up to prescribed wartime strength,
from CONSTANT readiness -- no more than three hours; from
INCREASED combat readiness no more than 2.5 hours;
-- with bringing them up to prescribed wartime strength --
within six to 12 hours,
Reduced-strength large units and units:
-- receive their organizational nucleus and set up_reception
centers, The time for receiving the organizational nucleus'and
sitting up the reception center for operation should not exceed
six to eight hours;
-- individual units and facilities of the operational rear
services are reinforced (expanded) according to plan;
-- personnel of training large units (units) who are on
rotation from the troops are sent back to their own units;
,..q.1.4pment and armament are moved to concentration areas
in successive trips; rairves of materiel-technical means are
initially for cadre personnel and later for full wartime
T/OU;
-- equipment and inventory stored outside large units and
units are received,
IN THE AIR DEFENSE FORCES OF THE COUNTRY:
-- control organs on combat alert occupy the main and
alternate command posts;
-- the bringing of troops to combat readiness and the
deployment of units at wartime strength are monitored;
-- combat tasks are refined for the troops.
The time for bringing them to MILITARY THREAT combat
readiness (without bringing them to prescribed strength) is.
-- from constant readiness -- no more than two hours;
-- from increased readiness -- no more than one hour and 20
minutes.
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Surface-to-air missile troops:
-- surface-to-air missile battalions are brought to
Readiness No. 1 in full combat crews with the reserve of fully
prepared missiles available at the launch site. The reserve of
fully prepared missiles in battalions is brought up to 1.5 units
of fire;
-- technical battalions (batteries) are brought to Readiness
No. 1 and they begin to prepare the missiles.
Subsequently, depending on the situation, surface-to-air
missile battalions can be shifted to Readiness No. 2 or 3 by
decision of the commander of the air defense forces of the
country.
Air defense aviation:
-- all air regiments are brought to Readiness No. 1.
Subsequently, depending on the situation, the levels of combat
readiness for air squadrons are determined by decision of the
commanders of the air defense forces of the allied countries;
-- air regiments and support units whose first echelons are
at constant readiness, and also activated aviation guidance
posts, are deployed at wartime strength;
-- in air regiments whose airfields do not have protective
structures or have enough for only one air squadron, the aircraft
of one or two squadrons are dispersed to alternate airfields by
decision of the commanders of the air defense forces of the
allied countries;
-- air regiment advance teams and support subunits are moved
to alternate airfields after the regiments are brought into
combat readiness;
-- the rebasing of air regiments designated to reinforce
individual axes is carried out by decision of the commander of
the air defense forces of the Warsaw Pact member states;
-- training flights are carried out on a limited basis
according to the decision of the commanders of the air defense
forces of the allied countries.
Radiotechnica1 troops:
radiotechnical subunits (except for cadre-strength
subunits) are shifted to Readiness No, 1, and cadre-strength
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subunits (with one radar) are shifted to Readiness No. 2.
Subsequently, depending on the situation, radiotechnical subunits
can be shifted from Readiness No, 1 to Readiness No. 2 by
decision of the commanders of the air defense forces of the
allied countries, Round-the-clock alert of all radiotechnical
subunits is put into effect with radars switched on and
conducting reconnaissance;
radiotechnical units whose first echelons are at constant
readiness are deployed at wartime strength;
-- radar subunits designated to establish reserve (covert)
radar coverage are shifted to "Condition No. 2."
Radio reconnaissance units:
-- are deployed at wartime strength and with their full
complement of forces and means are shifted to combat operation;
-- mobile radio reconnaissance groups are moved out and
deployed at positions prepared in advance.
Radioelectronic warfare units and subunits!
-- full-strength subunits are brought to Readiness No, 1.
Subsequently, depending on the situation, they can be shifted to
other levels of readiness by decision of the commanders of the
air defense forces of the allied countries;
-- reduced-strength subunits are deployed at combat
positions in the areas of the installations to be covered;
-- individual electronic neutralization monitoring posts are
shifted to round-the-clock surveillance over the operation of
radio navigation systems;
radioelectronic warfare units and subunits, except newly
activated ones, are deployed at wartime strength,
IN THE AIR FORCES:
-- control organs move out to prepared command posts;
-- monitoring is carried out over the preparation of units
for fulfilment of combat tasks and the bringing of
constant-readiness reconnaissance, communications, and electronic
neutralization large units and units up to prescribed wartime
St rength;
-- orders are issued for the preparation of concealed
airfields,
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alal units, units, and subunits of front and army aviation:
-- combat tasks are assigned to flight personnel and air
units are made ready to fulfil them;
-- aircraft and ground radio and radioelectronic means are
retuned to wartime frequencies according to supplementary orders;
-- personnel and equipment not engaged in accomplishing the
takeoff are moved to concentration areas and sheltered;
-- depending on the situation, air regiments or their
subunits fly with suspended ordnance to operational (dispersal)
airfields in accordance with the decision of the commanders of
the air forces and the air defense of the allied armies;
II. -- air regiments of military training establishments are
prepared to conduct combat actions or are moved to dispersal
airfields;
-- flights for instructional and combat training are carried
out only to maintain the training level of flight personnel and
to make them operationally proficient.
IN THE NAVY:
-- control organs go to the main posts. Command centers are
deployed according to combat duty roster, and operations groups
are sent to alternate command posts. The reserve communications
system is set up. Shipboard control posts move out to assigned
areas;
-- according to the decision of the governments, shipowners
and ministries of foreign affairs are notified about the recall
of merchant vessels from foreign ports and remote areas;
-- combat tasks for forces at sea are refined, as are
matters of cooperation among the forces of the allied navies;
-- the movement of ships and units from permanent locations
to dispersal areas is monitored;
-- according to instructions of the general (main) staffs,
orders are issued regarding preparation to evacuate the civilian
population from garrisons and bases.
Constant-readiness large units, units, and 21.2121:
-- ships are moved to dispersal areas and prepare to depart
for the fulfilment of combat tasks. The departure time for ships
should not exceed one hour;
ships performing combat duty occupy combat action areas.
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The remaining combat-ready forces are ready to deploy to combat
action areas according to special instructions;
-- all ships and units are brought up to prescribed wartime
strength;
-- the mobile basing and ship repair system is deployed,
Operational reserves of materiel are dispersed from unprotected
depots and bases,
Naval aviation large units and units:
-- flight crews are located at airfields in the vicinity of
aircraft (helicopter) parking areas; aircraft (helicopters) are
in shelters;
-- according to the decision of the national commands, air
units (subunits) fly to operational and dispersal airfields where
they complete preparations for takeoff to fulfil combat tasks;
-- the preparation of concealed airfields is carried out;
-- after full preparation for takeoff has been completed,
the alert of air units is organized.
Reserve ships and units and conscripted merchant vessels:
-- ships and units are brought up to prescribed wartime
strength and are dispersed; armament and combat equipment are
demothballed;
-- merchant vessels which do not need to be refitted are
conscripted from civilian agencies according to plan, and port
facilities are also taken over;
-- the repair of reserve ships and vessels is carried out at
shops and dispersed ship-repair centers according to accelerated
repair plans;
-- civilian water transport means are returned to ports
(dispersal areas) via routes in accordance with the plan for the
protection and dispersal of merchant vessels;
? hydrographic and intelligence collection (poiskovyye)
ships are recalled to their bases.
MILITARY EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS and scientific research
facilities move to concentration areas and carry out preparations
for full mobilization,
STATIONARY FACILITIES (arsenals, bases, depots, hospitals,
shops) support large units and units (ships) and they disperse
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reserves according to plans. Ammunition is made completely ready
to fire at arsenals, bases, and depots subordinate to the center.
MILITARY COMMISSARIATS. The first echelons of oblast
military commissariats (or their equal) are moved toMariTan
control posts, from which the delivery of mobilization resources
to the troops is supervised. The delivery of resources to bring
the staffs and troops up to prescribed strength is carried out
according to plan. The routine call-up of civilians to active
military service and their dispatch to the troops are suspended.
(0 In FULL COMBAT READINESS -- the troops, aviation, and
navy complete tuli mobilization and are brought into highest
readiness to fulfil combat tasks in accordance with operational
assignments.
When FULL combat readiness* is put into effect, the
following basic measures are implemented in the troops:
IN ALL BRANCHES OF THE ARMED FORCES:
-- control organs are at (go to) prepared (protected)
command posts and they monitor the bringing into readiness of
troops and naval forces (or their departure for secret areas) to
fulfil combat tasks; they also monitor the delivery of
mobilization resources and the fulfilment of mobilization
measures. They verify the readiness of covering units and their;
arrival at the state border (if this had not been done when the '
MILITARY THREAT combat readiness level was put into effect);
-- the communications system is deployed to the full extent
\
prior to the initiation of combat actions, but it operates in the
I everyday routine;
-- backup control organs are brought into readiness to
fulfil their own tasks;
?i
-- airborne control posts are on combat alert on the ground
,and in the air. Airborne alert shifts are organized according to '
, schedule;
-- rotational personnel of training large units (units) are
sent to their assignments;
-- large units and units of all branch arms complete
* If this level of combat readiness is put into effect
immediately, bypassing INCREASED and MILITARY THREAT combat
readiness, the troops, aviation, and naval forces are moved to
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mobilization in full scale and in the time limits established by
mobilization plans;
-- organs to support regroupings and the road traffic
control service are deployed in readiness to fulfil tasks.
IN THE GROUND FORCES
Constant-readiness large units and units:
-- are in concentration areas (or move out to them) in
readiness to immediately fulfil combat tasks;
-- tasks are refined for the troops; reconnaissance of
routes and deployment lines is conducted; the road traffic
control service is augmented;
-- operational delivery missiles are fueled with missile
propellant and they are prepared for mating with the warheads.
When the warheads are received, the launch batteries and units
are shifted to Readiness No. 3, and those on alert -- to
Readiness No. 2;
-- by special order of the general (main) staffs, cover of
the state border is strengthened according to plans, and mixed
minefields are laid;
-- close cooperation with the border guard troops is
organized;
-- air defense troops are in readiness to immediately
destroy the air attack means of the enemy. Surface-to-air
missile technical bases carry out the preparation, fueling, and
delivery of surface-to-air missiles to surface-to-air missile
large units and units;
-- antiaircraft subunits of motorized rifle divisions (tank
divisions), which are temporarily covering airfields and other
installations, are returned to their own units;
-- army aviation units are at Readiness No. 1 at permanent
basing or dispersal airfields. If the order to scramble does not
follow, then after one hour only the means on alert are to remain
at Readiness No. 1 -- the remaining means are shifted to
Readiness No. 2 or 3.
Subunits and units, whose combat actions are planned from
forward (operational) airfields, covertly fly to these airfields;
radioelectronic warfare units cover command posts,
troops, and installations.
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Reduced-strength and training large units and units:
-- are fully mobilized in accordance with plans and they
carry out the combat coordination of units and subunits. The
time limits for expanding them to wartime strength and for
bringing them into combat readiness are specified by the
mobilization plans;
radioelectronic warfare units and air, radiation, and
chemical reconnaissance subunits are in readiness for combat
operation in concentration areas.
IN THE AIR DEFENSE FORCES OF THE COUNTRY
The time for bringing them to full combat readiness (without
full mobilization) is:
-- from constant readiness -- no more than two hours;
-- from increased readiness -- no more than one hour and 20
minutes.
Surface-to-air missile :troops;
-- surface-to-air missile battalions are brought to
Readiness No. 1 with full combat crews and with the reserve of
fully prepared missiles available at the launch sites;
-- technical battalions (batteries) are brought to Readiness
No. 1 and begin to prepare the missiles;
-- depending on established line unit and operational
reserves, the number of fully prepared missiles at launch sites
is brought up to 1.5 or two units of fire in all surface-to-air
missile battalions.
Air defense aviation:
-- all air regiments are brought to Readiness No. 1,
Subsequently, depending on the situation, the levels of combat
readiness for the air squadrons are determined by decision of the
commanders of the air defense forces of the allied countries;
-- in air regiments whose airfields do not have protective
structures, or have enough for only one air squadron, the
aircraft of one or two squadrons are dispersed to alternate
airfields by decision of the commanders of the air defense forces
of the allied countries;
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-- air regiment advance teams and support subunits are moved
to alternate airfields after the regiments are brought into
combat readiness;
-- the rebasing of air regiments designated to reinforce
individual axes is carried out by decision of the commander of
the air defense forces of the Warsaw Pact member states.
Training flights are carried out on a limited basis.
Radio technical troops:
radiotechnical subunits are shifted to Readiness No, 1.
In addition, round-the-clock alert is put into effect in all
second-line radiotechnical subunits, with their radars switched
on and conducting reconnaissance;
-- radar subunits designated to establish reserve (covert)
radar coverage are shifted to "Condition No. 2."
Radio reconnaissance and radioelectronic warfare units:
-- radio reconnaissance and radioelectronic warfare subunits
are at siting areas in readiness for combat operation with a full
complement of forces and means;
-- mobile radio reconnaissance groups are moved out and
deployed at positions prepared in advance.
IN THE AIR FORCES
Large units and units of all branch arms and types of
aviation are in readiness to fulfil combat tasks immediately.
-- mobilization is completed to the full extent. Large
units and units are taken over from the Ministry of Civil
Aviation and from paramilitary organizations such as DOSAAF
[All-Union Voluntary Society for Assistance to the Army, Air
Force, and Navy];
-- civil aviation aircraft are re-equipped in accordance
with the mobilization plan.
IN THE NAVY:
-- by order of the general (main) staffs, the ships and
vessels of the border guard troops are made operationally
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subordinate to the navy;
radiotechnical means are retuned to wartime frequencies;
-- navigational support means are shifted to a wartime
routine;
-- the mobile basing and ship repair system is deployed to
the full extent, and reserves of materiel are dispersed.
Constant-readiness large units, units, and ILLEE:
-- naval forces are moved out to the main concentration
areas;
-- combat-duty ships are in combat action areas in readiness
to fulfil combat tasks;
-- combat-ready ships are deployed to combat action areas by
order of the general (main) staffs,
Naval aviation units are in readiness for takeoff to fulfil
combat tasks;
-- the alert of crews in aircraft and helicopters (by
squadron or detachment) to make an immediate takeoff is
organized.
The time for bringing fleets to FULL combat readiness
(without full mobilization) from constant readiness should not
exceed 10 to 12 hours.
Reserve ships and units and conscripted merchant vessels:
-- in accordance with mobilization plans, reserve ships and
units are put into service, merchant vessels are conscripted and
refitted, they are brought up to prescribed strength in
personnel, and port facilities are taken over;
-- large unit and unit cadres, mobilization groups, and
other mobilization contingents fully mobilize their respective
large units and units.
MILITARY EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS carry out measures
according to mobilization plans and change to shortened academic
terms. Scientific research facilities continue to operate
according to plans.
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Educational institutions, scientific research facilities,
and other facilities designated for evacuation depart for wartime
locations.
STATIONARY FACILITIES (arsenals, bases, depots, hospitals,
shopsj service the troops, ensure the issue of materiel reserves,
and disperse their reserves in accordance with plans,
MILITARY COMMISSARIATS. Oblast commissariats (or their
equal) are at (go to) exurban mirmi posts, set up backup
centers, prepare them for operation, and supervise the call-up
and delivery of mobilization resources in their own territories,
alla and city military commissariats, from permanent
locations, carry out the call-up of those subject to military
service and the delivery of equipment from the national economy
to all deploying and newly activated large units, units, and
facilities to the full extent [specified in] the mobilization
plan.
2. In order to covertly build up the forces in theaters of
military operations and convert the Combined Armed Forces to a
wartime status in a more systematic manner, the covert, full
mobilization of troops and naval forces can be carried out under
the guise of exercises and assemblies by special order of the
Commander-in-Chief of the Combined Armed Forces according to a
complete schedule set up in advance or according to a selective
procedure.
In this case, staffs, large units, and units are moved out
to alternate concentration (dispersal) areas and to positions, or
they carry out full mobili.zation in permanent garrison points.
The scale and-1-6-4-uefice of the measures carried out are defined by
the national commands in coordination with the Commander-in-Chief
of the Combined Armed Forces,
3. Other measures required to bring troops to any one level
of combat readiness are defined by the national commands and
indicated in directives of the ministers of defense.
Specific time limits for shifting large units, units, and
facilities to any one level of combat readiness are also defined
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by the national commands.
4. The Combined Armed Forces are shifted to INCREASED,
MILITARY THREAT, or FULL combat readiness by order
(recommendation) of the Commander-in-Chief of the Combined Armed
Forces in implementation of the decisions of the governments of
the Warsaw Pact member states or the Political Consultative
Committee.
The troops, aviation, and naval forces of the national
armies within the complement of the Combined Armed Forces can be
brought to any one level of combat readiness by order of the
national military command in accordance with the decisions of
their own governments, and the Commander-in-Chief of the Combined
Armed Forces is informed of this.
In case of a surprise enemy attack, the troops and naval
forces allocated to the Combined Armed Forces in wartime, and in
whose disposition areas the attack has occurred, are brought to
FULL combat readiness by order of the national commands down to
large unit (individual unit) commanders inclusive, and this is
immediately reported through the chain of command. Each national
command defines the command level to which, in this case, the
authority is given to bring individual large units and units to
combat readiness.
Depending on the situation, all the troops and naval forces
allocated to the Combined Armed Forces, as well as those of one
or several Warsaw Pact member states, and individual branches of
the armed forces or individual formations and large units, can be
brought to INCREASED, MILITARY THREAT, or FULL combat readiness
by a selective procedure,
The troops, aviation, and navy are brought to MILITARY
THREAT or FULL combat readiness on the basis of a combat alert.
Depending on the situation, the troops and naval forces can
be brought to the various levels of combat readiness
successively, or to higher levels of readiness immediately,
bypassing intermediate ones.
5. The orders (recommendations) of the Commander-in-Chief
f the Combined Armed Forces to bring the troops and naval forces.'
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allocated to the Combined Armed Forces to INCREASED, MILITARY
THREAT, or FULL combat readiness are communicated to the
ministers of defense or chiefs of the general (main) staffs in
written form (encrypted telegram) or by established signals over
secure communications, and also orally by the Commander-in-Chief
-Errlrrthiet oi statt of the Combined Armed Forces when they are
in personal contact with the ministers of defense and chiefs of
the plierat-Ttain) staffs, or over technical communications means,
with subsequent backup by encrypted telegram.
The procedure for notifying the troops and naval forces
allocated to the Combined Armed Forces is to be defined in each
allied army according to its own directives. Packets with
signals for bringing the troops to INCREASED, MILITARY THREAT, or
FULL combat readiness are to be prepared. It is incumbent upon
the chiefs of staff of all levels to write instructions to
operations duty officers (duty officers of command posts, units,
and facilities) concerning their primary duty when the signal
order) is received from a higher staff j? the app765Fiate packet
is to be unsealed and the signal (order) contained therein
immediately transmitted to the troops, and this is subsequently
to be reported to the command. Duty officers are to be carefully
instructed and their 161771177e tested regarding the procedure of
receiving and transmitting signals for bringing the troops to
combat readiness.
The preparation and storage of the packets with orders for
bringing the troops and naval forces to combat readiness are to
be carried out according to Attachment No. I [not available].
6. Plans to bring to combat readiness the troops and naval
forces of the armies of the Warsaw Pact member states, their
constant-readiness formations, large units, units, staffs, and
facilities, and also the unified plans to fully mobilize and
bring to combat readiness the reduced-strength and cadre large
units, units, and facilities, are to be redrafted to take the
national characteristics of the allied armies into account. In
addition, the necessary refinements are to be made in other
operational documents which contain sections on combat readiness,
In garrisons made up of several units, there are to be
garrison plans for bringing the troops to combat readiness.
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A limited number of responsible officers are to be permitted
to prepare plans to the full extent, and the chiefs of branch
arms (services) and other personnel are to be permitted to
prepare only those parts of the operational and mobilization
plans that concern them.
Combat readiness plans (the textual part and maps) are to be
approved by the next superior commander [acting] on orders of the
ministers of defense.
Plans with maps of concentration (dispersal) areas,
positions, airfields, and control posts are to be stored in
packets sealed with the cachet of the staff that has prepared the
plan, in individual safes, in classified materials units, at
command posts, or in special rooms designated for mobilization
work.
Single sealed copies of the safe combinations are stored in
the personal safes of the respective commanders and chiefs of
staff.
In working out the problems of bringing troops to the
,"various levels of combat readiness, the camouflaging of the
measures implemented must be strictly obtdrved, paying particular
attention to the security of control and, first of all, to the
operating routine of radio means and to the accomplishment of
deception measures.
Publication, in printed form, of documents on bringing
I] troops to the prescribed levels of combat readiness is not
permitted. As an exception, correspondence on combat readiness
1 matters may be conducted through the general (main) staffs only
, down to the large unit commander level, From the large unit to
\t unit (ship) level, all matters are ta be handled through personal,'
'contact.
This Directive is to be made known to the deputy ministers
of defense, the commanders of branches of the armed forces, the
deputy chiefs of the general (main) staffs, the chiefs of
directorates, the commanders of branch arms, and the chiefs of
services, who will be permitted to prepare the national
directives. The directive is to be stored in the personal safes
of the chiefs of the general (main) staffs.
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The procedure for storing the national directives is to be
defined by the instructions of the chiefs of the general (main)
staffs.
7. It is advisable that the Minister of Defense or the
Chief of the General (Main) Staff, acting on his behalf, conduct
tests of the capability of the troops and naval forces to bring
themselves to the prescribed levels of combat readiness without
restrictions, i.e., with the implementation of all the measures
stipulated in the directive.
All the remaining tests, including those when inspecting the
troops, can be conducted by other authorized personnel with the
following restrictions:
troo s
and the a so
control posts;
-- the call-up of those subject to military service and the
receipt of equipment from the national economy are not carried
out;
pirs.onael_are not recalled from leave or temporary duty;
-- combat missitii ard-not filled with propellant
components;
-- ammunition and emergency reserve gas masks are not issued
to personnel;
-- the demothballing of combat equipment and armament in
long-term storage, the bringing of batteries to operating
condition, and the complete filling and fuzing of artillery
(mortar) projectiles are only carried out in the minimal
quantities defined by the personnel conducting the test;
-- the airtight packaging of combat detonators is not
unsealed;
-- reserves designated for full troop mobilization are
removed from storage centers;
-- the opening up of new communications is carried out
according to the orders of the general (main) staffs.
Orders to bring the troops and naval forces to combat
readiness for testing purposes can be issued in written form, by
the transmission of signals over technical communications means,
or via personal contact.
ar
e moved onl
to alternate cong,tatzation_zreas,
formations an
-
$ =- to alternate
not
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As a rule, the testing of formations, large units, and units
is to be conducted when packets with the appropriate orders are
delivered to those who are to be tested, The packets are to be
prepared by the personnel conducting the test and they are
delivered to duty officers immediately prior to transmission of
the signal from a higher staff, or they are stored in advance.
Packets with combat signals are not to be put into effect.
The authority to test the combat readiness in each allied
army is established according to the orders of the national
commands.
8. The procedure prescribed by this Directive for shifting
the troops and naval forces to INCREASED, MILITARY THREAT, or
FULL combat readiness is to be put into effect by a special
order. Prior to this time, the ministers of defense in all the
allied armies are to issue directives, copies of which are to be
dispatched to the Commander-in-Chief of the Combined Armed
Forces, and plans are to be prepared and approved for bringing to
combat readiness the troops and naval forces allocated to the
Combined Armed Forces,
Directive No, 001,dated 27 December 1971, of the
Commander-in-Chief of the Combined Armed Forces of the Warsaw
Pact member states is to be considered no longer effective and is
to be returned to the Staff of the Combined Armed Forces by 1
October 1979,
V. KULIKOV
Marshal of the Soviet Union
Commander-in-Chief of the Combined
Armed Forces of the Warsaw Pact
Member States '
A. GRIBKOV
General of the Army
Chief of Staff of the Combined
Armed Forces of the
Warsaw Pact Member States
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