CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE BULLETIN - 1961/02/13

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02000194
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21
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August 14, 2020
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August 27, 2020
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February 13, 1961
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Approved for Release: 2020/08/11 CO2000194 4 Awe I %dr acmcg _ Nuir 3.3(h)(2) 13 February 1961 Copy No. C 79 CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE BULLETIN -TOP-SECRET- Approved for Release: 2020/08/11 CO2000194 4011,4 Approved for Release: 2020/08/11 CO2000194 +ep-SEeRET� TOP SECRET Approved for Release: 2020/08/11 CO2000194 Approved for Release: 2020/08/11 CO2000194 f- Ile TOP SECRET 1411 13 February 1961 CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE BULLETIN CONTENTS LATE ITEM: USSR la7ches Venus probe and ICBM. 1. Congo: Hammarskjold believes UN may have to take over in Congo. (Page t) 2. USSR delivers jet aircraft to Morocco. (Page tt) 3. Poland cpntinues to offer economic aid to Cuba. (Page tt) 4. Communist China may be holding conference of ambassadors to discuss foreign and domestic prob- lems. (Page tit) 5. South Korean activities impede improvement of re- lations with Japan. (Page ttt) 6. North Vietnam to increase subversive efforts in South Vietnam this week. (Page it') 7. Laos: Government exploring means of easing situa- tion. (Page it') 8. Iraqi regime acting against Communists. (Page Approved for Release: 2020/08/11 CO2000194 Approved for Release: 2020/08/11 CO2000194 Approved for Release: 2020/08/11 CO2000194 %pi Approved for Release: 2020/08/11 CO2000194 11111 P SECR *USSR: he U iaunc e aver c e, pro .a. y a tenusprobe, from TIE- a Tam about 0035 GMT, 12 February (1935 EST, 11 February). Moscow announced about 18 hours after the launch that the Venus probe, called an "automatic inter- planetary station," had been launched from a sputnik, that it weighed about 1420 pounds, and that communications are effected by command from the earth on a freauencv of 922.8 megacycles. � /Analysis indicates that the hour of the day this probe was launaed was optimum insofar as guidance requirements were con- cerned, but the date was beyond the period, 13-27 January, during which maximum payloads could be delivered to Venus for a given propulsion system fcalculations�aiso indicate the probe transferred, by means � of a iitional propulsion, from an earth orbit to its Venus trajectory about 81 minutes after launch while over the general area of Cyprus. A At least two, possibly three, objects incidental to this phase of the T operation remain in the original earth orbit. Their identity cannot E be ascertained, other than that nne is A SIVarti- hfleMfA stage. "a pulsating, wnue, comet-iiice object at a time and general location which correlate very well with the calculated time and location at which the transfer from an earth orbit to a Venus trajectory took placl. ET his operation has many similarities to the 4 February launch- ing of Sputnik VII, which was believed to be an earth satellite. How- ever, the announced weight of Sputnik VII, about 14,300 pounds, is of a magnitude which could well contain both a 1420 pound Venus payload and the propulsion system and fuel needed to raise it from an earth orbit velocity to one high enough to get to Venus. It appears now that Sputnik VII probably was an unsuccessful Venus probe, al- though a possibility exists that the last propulsion stage was deliberate- ly not utilized to its full capability by the Soviets..7 a_Jess than 30 hours after the Venus probe launching, at about 0459 GMT 13 February (2359 EST 12 February), the USSR launched a test ICBM from Tyura Tam to the usual impact area on Kamchatka. This is the fourth launching from Tyura Tam within the last 12 days, and the fifth this year. Two of these were space program events. Thirty generally successful ICBM program launchinvs have been con- ducted to date% -Ter SECRET Approved for Release: 2020/08/11 CO2000194 :\\\�"�.\\ �mit& Approved for Release: 2020/08/11 CO2000194 -TOP s E c- T CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE BULLETIN 13 February 1961 DAILY BRIEF Congcx L__Hammarskjold stated on 10 February that if Lumumba is-aead�which appears increasingly likely�the UN must temporarily take over in the Congo. He has in mind the placement of airports and all other transport fa- cilities under UN control, the establishment of a protective guard for all Congolese political personalities, and more drastic steps to protect Belgians from reprisals by Lumum- ba.'s supporters. Hammarskjold said he would justify this action to the Security Council as a necessary emergency measure and ask the Council for a new mandate to cover the situatiTg he uncertainty regarding Lumumba has apparently in- terrupted at least some of the efforts which had been under way at the UN to formulate a new Security Council resolution aimed at promoting a Congolese settlement. India's repre= sentative indicated on 10 February that a meeting which his delegation had had that day with representatives of the neu- tralist African states was unable to decide what to do in view of the news about Lumumba. The Security Council meeting scheduled for 13 February seems certain to focus mainly on the question of Lumumba's disappearance, with the USSR call- ing for immediate UN action to establish the facts and for the Immediate release of Lumumba if still ali Meanwhile, the failure of "the Czechoslovak Red Cross airplanes" to arrive�Khartoum in late January refused a TOP SECRET Approved for Release: 2020/08/11 CO2000194 Arit Approved for Release: 2020/08/11 CO2000194 TOP SECRET Czech request to send "food and medicines" to Orientale Province via Sudan�had produced a "violent reaction, es- pecially in the army." Gizenga was described as being "in a state of great despair" and fearful of a possible revolt by army officers who had recently informed him that "the am- munition on hand was not sufficient even for mere defense." The UAR group asked Cairo for instructions as to what po- sition to take in the event of a "revolt or coup" in Stanley- ville. (Page 1) USSR-Morocco: Soviet military jet aircraft -consist- ing of 12 MIG-17 fighters, two MIG-15 trainers, and pos- sibly two IL-28 light bombers--were delivered to Morocco on 10 February. The aircraft apparently were accompanied by Soviet technicians, despite recent informal assurances to American officials by Morocco's top leaders that such per- sonnel would not be admitted. The technicians presumably will assemble the planes and may also establish a training program for Moroccan personnel. However, Crown Prince Moulay Hassan, Morocco's deputy prime minister, had requested approval to send two Moroccan officers to Cairo "to familiarize them- selves with MIG planes" and indicated he would ask the UAR to send two officers and 14 mechanics to train Moroccan per- sonnel when the MIGs arrived. The delivery of the aircraft coincided with Soviet President Brezhnev's visit to Morocco, during which he offered economic assistance to King MohamedV. Poland-Cuba: Poland is negotiating the terms of small- scale economic aid to Cuba despite US warnings that this would jeopardize Poland's chances of receiving continued financial as- sistance from the United States. Poland has offered Cuba a steel tounary pricea at 4).1,,uou,uuu, with a 30-percent down pay- ment and the rest payable over a six-year period at 5-percent interest. These terms were arrived at after a $5,000,000 US 13 Feb 61 DAILY BRIEF ii -TOP -SEC Approved for Release: 2020/08/11 CO2000194 Approved for Release: 2020/08/11 CO2000194 TOP ET credit to Poland was held up in January on the basis of an earlier offer of aid Poland reportedly made to Cuba. To date the Poles have responded only unofficially with the argument that their trade with Havana is not aid but is con- ducted on the same basis as their commercial relations with other underdeveloped countries. (Page 3) Communist China: Peiping's envoys to at least ten bloc and nonbloc countries were absent from their posts in early February, suggesting that they and others of their colleagues may have been recalled to Peiping for an ambassadorial con- ference. Although no formal meeting has been announced, a conclave at this time would almost certainly take into account the change of administration in the United States, the status of Sino-Soviet relations since the Moscow conference, emer- gency situations such as Laos, and the regime's domestic problems arising from food shortages and other economic difficulties. Japan = South Korea: Japan's expectation that the forma- tion of a new government in South Korea would lead to early establishment of diplomatic relations and abolition of the con- troversial Rhee Line prohibiting Japanese fishing in interna- tional waters has diminished as a result of recent South Korean actions. Among these have been the seizure of a Japanese fish- ing vessel for violating the Rhee Line, Seoul's cancellation of a visit by a Japanese economic mission, and the unanimous passage of a resolution by the South Korean House of Repre- sentatives opposing early normalization of relations and in- sisting on retention of the Rhee Line. Although there have been mitigating circumstances surrounding these incidents and Chang Myon's government seems genuinely anxious to reach a settlement with Japan, South Korean negotiators have indi- cated that strong pressures from political opponents and busi- ness elements are hindering the government's efforts in this DAILY BRIEF iii TOP SECRET Approved for Release: 2020/08/11 CO2000194 Approved for Release: 2020/08/11 CO20001 94F law TOP SECRET vw) \ direction. Within Japan, the South Korean actions are likely to give added support to the Socialists and other elements which oppose an agreement with Seoul on the grounds that it would be prejudicial to prospective Jap- anese interests�mostly economic--in North Korea. (Page 4) (Map) North Vietnam - South Vietnam: North Vietnam has instructed its agents in South Vietnam to undertake spe- cial propaganda and terrorist action against the Diem re- gime during the Vietnamese New Year festival, from 15 to 17 February. lists slogans to be used in efforts to subvert South Vietnamese military personnel and directs armed Communists to "as- sassinate. . . build up guerrilla forces. . . and resist mop- ping-up operations." Noting that the Saigon government in the past has ordered its troops to fire on demonstrators and has taken other harsh repressive measures, Hanoi warns its agents to "be extremely careful" but exhorts them not to "hold back because the struggle will naturally cause bloodshed." South Vietnamese security forces will probably be on full alert during the holiday period; lax security dur- ing last year's celebration contributed to the success of a daring Communist attack on a regimental headquarters, heralding the start of an intensified campaign by North Vietnam to unseat the Diem government. Laos: King Savang is scheduled to preside over a full- 0 k scalFrOrmcil of Ministers conference in Vientiane this week to examine possible political and military measures to ease the Laotian crisis; preliminary discussions were held lay Pre- -7, mier Boun Oum at a cabinet meeting over the weekend. /he ir u'l" government, meanwhile, is making new overtures to for- (Ul� mer Premier Souvanna Phouma in Phnom Penh in an effort /Li to woo him back to Vientiane in some official capacit/3 While ' 13 Feb 61 DAILY BRIEF iv \\\\\\\\\\ \\\ Approved for Release: 2020/08/11 CO2000194 Approved for Release: 2020/08/11 CO2000194 �IIPF Ur 3r,Lttr.. N there is general agreement among Laotian leaders that Souvanna's inclusion in the government would greatly strengthen its position at home and abroad, there is dis- agreement over what post he might be offered. Souvanna, however, shows no disposition to return prior to the hold- ing of a new international conference on Laos along the lines of Cambodian Premier Sihanouk's proposal for a 14- nation meeting. There have been no recent reports of sig- nificant military activity. Soviet IL-14s and LI-2s continue their airlift into Laos. Some of the LI-2s are also continuing shuttle operations be- tween Hanoi and Haiphong. Iraq: Prime Minister Qasim, although 'unpopuiar, con- i; tinues as the apparently unchallenged leader of the country despite repeated press as well as private criticism of his etAit.,tti regime. Pressure is mounting, however, for Qasim to ful- fill.4 his promises of a return to constitutional government and the election of a parliament. The regime is actively repress-4 ing the Iraqi Communists, many of whose leaders are in jail or in hiding. Condemnation of the Communists, who formerly enjoyed considerable popular prestige, now is reported to be general. Iraq's relations with the Soviet bloc, however, remain cordial, and the military advisory group of over 200 Russians is expected to be increased in size. Qasim is catering to pop- ular emotion by emphasizing Arab cooperation and solidarity, especially against Western "imperialism," as in the recent Arab League meeting at Baghdad. While there is moderate confidence among businessmen and hopes for 1.961 harvests are good, the government's 13 Feb 61 DAILY BRIEF TOP SECRET , \\\ \\ Approved for Release: 2020/08/11 CO2000194 Approved for Release: 2020/08/11 CO2000194 Wird �TOP�SECRET Nmpi budgetary situation is still precarious, and it has insti- tuted a series of "austerity" measures. (Page 6) 13 Feb 61 DAILY BRIEF Approved for Release: 2020/08/11 CO2000194 Approved for Release: 2020/08/11 CO2000194 TOP SECRET The 'Congo Situation Although proof is still lacking, the conviction is growing among observers in the Congo that Lumumba and his two fel- low prisoners are already dead and that the story of their es- cape is a fabrication developed by Tshombe's Katanga regime in anticipation of a UN move to force the release of all polit- ical prisoners. ff..2opoldville's newly designated Premier Ileo reportedly confirmed Lumumba's death on 11 February, while a former Congolese official is said to be claiming to have wit- nessed the execution of the three prisoners following their -tran-sfer�tn--Kataneaar � umumba is dead and that e ew e en y o the person who executed him.] The Katanga government is of- ficially still pressing a sealai for Lumumba, but the American consul in Elisabethville reports that no Katanga official appears really concerned over the alleged escape. The consul expressed a growing belief that Lumumba will never be found. Tshombe''s regime has cast further suspicion upon itself by indicating it would refuse to cooperate with the mission of inquiry sent to Elisabethville by the UN Command, Tshombe told newsmen on 12 February that the "escape" is "a strictly internal affair and the UN has nothing to do with it." During a meeting on 10 February with Ambassador Steven- son, Soviet UN delegate Zorin expressed his skepticism over reports of Lumumba's escape and said the situation in the Congo would become "uncontrollable if he had indeed been killed. In the Security Council meeting on 13 February Zorin may exploit any discussion of Lumumba's fate as further proof of Moscow's charge that Ilammaxskjold has proved himself untrustworthy and incapable of discharging the Security Council's mandate for the Congo. So- viet Deputy Foreign Minister Sobolev, told the UAR ambassador in Moscow that the USSR favored the establishment of a supervir sory committee in the Congo, to replace the UN secretary gen- eral, formed from the Afro-Asian nations which support the TOP SECRET 13 Feb 61 CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE BULLETIN Page 1 Approved for Release: 2020/08/11 CO2000194 Approved for Release: 2020/08/11 CO2000194 W TOP SECRET � nationalist movement in the Congo--meaning Gizenga's Stanleyville regime. Gizenga, asked Khrushchev, Nasir, Guinea's President Tour& Mali's President Keita, and Morocco's King Mohamed V to "issue an ultimatum for confirmation of the lives" of Lumumba and his associates, adding that "your direct act'o ommended." Gizenga chas- tised his representative in Cairo for not providing ade- quate warning that the aid which had been expected would �not arrive. The representative was told to ask "our So- viet comrades" to request the UN "vigorously" for_per- mission "to bring us what we need to keep alive." Gizenga said that in the event this permission was denied, he would "undertake measures which will make the entire earth shudder." he alluded to the Stanleyvilie military forces' increasing impatience over the inability of their supporters abroad to send in "aidintIe form of arms and ammunition." TOP SECRET 13 Feb 61 CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE BULLETIN Page 2 Approved for Release: 2020/08/11 CO2000194 Approved for Release: 2020/08/11 CO2000194-siiime SECRET Poland Negotiating Aid for Cuba In conversations with US officials over the past two months, Polish representatives have gone to great lengths to play down their relations with Cuba and have stressed that their actions have not been and will not be inimical to US interests. Poland was reminded in January that under the Mutual Security Act the US will refuse to grant assistance to any country which provides economic or military aid to the Cas- tro regime. The new and less favorable tender made on 7 February apparently was offered in reaction to the US posi- tion. The Polish regime evidently feels that the new terms can be more easily defended as falling within the meaning of "normal" commercial transactions. Possibly in anticipation of US objections, the first Polish- Cuban trade agreement,dated 31 March 1960, provided that separate credit terms would be set for each Polish industrial plant bought by Cuba. The foundry contract may be the pre- cursor of many which the Poles plan to finance with relatively small credits, the aggregate of which could amount to a sub- stantial contribution to the bloc's economic aid program in Cu- ba. Among other items, Poland is negotiating for the delivery on credit of a complete shipyard, a pig iron foundry, tool fac- tories, copper and iron ore processing plants, television and radio factories, and a meat processing plant. -SECRET 13 Feb 61 CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE BULLETIN Page 3 Approved for Release: 2020/08/11 CO2000194 Approved for Release: 2020/08/11 CO2-600194 � � � � � � � � - � R EL _ ,Rhee Line P R.' 140 HoNsK.V , Approved for Release: 2020/08/11 CO2000194 Approved for Release: 2020/08/11 CO2000194 Nal CONFiDENTIAL � Japanese - South Korean Relations Discussions between Japan and South Korea for a post- World War II settlement began in October 1951. Major out- standing issues consist of a basic relations treaty, the sta- tus of some 550,000 Koreans living in Japan, claims to ves- sels of Korean registry which were taken by the Japanese during their withdrawal in 1945, mutual property claims, and fishing rights in international waters around Korea. Be- hind the issues have been general Korean bitterness toward Japan for its 40-year occupation of the country and, in the past, President Rhee's strong personal hatred for the Jap- anese. NNW The negotiations have been stormy and have been sus- pended frequently by Seoul following refusals by the Japanese to accede to South Korea's "all or nothing" demands. Tokyo usually has made compromise offers, but Seoul's position has been essentially negative. Except for exchanges of captured Japanese fishermen and Korean nationals detained in Japan for illegal entry, there has been little progress. Following the most recent resumption of talks in October 1960, however, the Chang Myon government has demonstrated more interest than the Rhee administration in negotiating in good faith for a settlement. The most difficult issue is that of fisheries. In January 1952, Rhee unilaterally proclaimed his "peace line" excluding Japanese fishermen from rich fishing grounds adjacent to Korean territorial waters. The line is approximately 1,600 statute miles in length and extends between 20 and 200 miles off. the Korean coast. As a precedent, Rhee cited a protected Korean fishing zone established earlier by General MacArthur. Later he asserted that the Sea Defense Zone established by General Clark during the Korean war supported the Korean po- sition. Since the line was established, South Korea has seized 173 Japanese fishing vessels, of which 150 have been confiscated, 2 have been sunk, and 21 released. Of 2,230 Japanese fisher- men captured, most were imprisoned for periods ranging be- tween six months and five years; five died in captivity. Three seizures have occurred since Rhee was ousted in April 1960, -CONFIDENTIAL- 13 Feb 61 CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE BULLETIN Page 4 Approved for Release: 2020/08/11 CO2000194 Approved for Release: 2020/08/11 CO2000194, *'401 CONFIDENTIAL the inost recent on 13 January. In the past, Rhee used the captured fishermen as hostages to extract concessions from Tokyo on issues other than fishing, but Seoul currently is in the process of releasing the last five Japanese fishermen it holds. The Chang Myon government believes that the South Korean economy would benefit appreciably from the normalization of relations and it is committed to an early settlement of differ- ences. Many Koreans, however, fear that a normalization of relations would eventually lead to Japanese economic and cul- tural domination of South Korea even though political independ- ence is retained. Opposition political elements and business groups with a vested economic interest in preventing a normal- ization of trade relations with Japan are attempting to aggravate such public fears. On 23 January Seoul called off the visit of a private Jap- anese business mission after police reports indicated that there would be public demonstrations and possible violence. Minor. South Korean leftist parties have formed a "National Anti-Japanese Struggle Committee." Conservative opposition members spearheaded passage of a resolution in the House of Representatives on 3 February upholding the continued defense of the Rhee Line and opposing full normalization of relations until all "historical problems" had been settled, including the complex claims issue. The resolution also opposed the nor- malization of economic relations until after formal diplomatic relations were established. Japan desires a settlement principally to remove the ex- isting threat to its fishing operations and has proposed a con- servation agreement which would restrict Japanese fishing within a broad area covered by the Rhee Line and prohibit it altogether in certain portions. In addition, trade and invest- ment opportunities in South Korea hold considerable attraction. Tokyo, however, is limited in the concessions it feels able to make because of public outrage over the South Korean seizures and leftist arguments that Seoul's inability to speak for all of Korea exposes the Japanese to double jeppar4yththec North Korea presents claims of its own. �Crr'#PfDEN-T-M42- 13 Feb 61 CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE BULLETIN Page 5 Approved for Release: 2020/08/11 CO2000194 Approved for Release: 2020/08/11 CO2000194 'log TOP SECRET Iraqi Regime Cracks Down on Communists Moscow radio's broadcast on 11 February of an appeal by the Communist-dominated World Federation of Trade Unions to Prime Minister Qasim, urging the release of imprisoned Iraqi Communists, indicates the declining position of the Com- munist party in Iraq. The appeal followed publication of ar- ticles in the Soviet press last week complaining of "persecu- tion" and expressing concern over "cruel and unjust" sentences meted out to those who stood in the "forefront of the July 1958 revolution' Anti-Communist actions by the Iraqi Government since last November have been extensive. In late December 66 Com- munists were given long sentences for atrocities perpetrated in Mosul in March 1959; others have been jailed for circulating "false news among the peasants," carrying out unlawful strikes, and publishing articles critical of the regime. Other measures taken against the party include the closure of schools dominated by Communists, dismissal of suspected Communist employees from the railways, forced relocation of a number of prominent Communists, the suspension of several pro-Communist news- papers, and the banning of a number of Communist-front organ- izations. Warrants have been issued for the arrest of several party leaders who a, a t;iube waxen is Kept on activities of the party, numerous arrests of Communists have been made in the provinces, and party leaders' bank accounts in Lebanon are being investigated. So- viet nersonnpl Iraq are under surveillance at all times. Growing unpopularity of the Communist cause in Iraq is evi- denced by the recent,published statements of several labor groups that they would no longer accept "pamphlets, booklets, and jour- nals" sent them by the Soviet Embassy. Anti-Communist arti- cles, including revelations of Communist methods, in the gov- ernment-controlled press have increased greatly during the past several months. One article charged the Iraqi Communists with trying to "imitate the role of Lenin. . . and with considering Qasim as Kerenski." Mullah Mustafa al-Barzani, Iraq's prominent Kurdish leader who returned in triumph at Qasim's invitation after over ten years 13 Feb 61 CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE BULLETIN Page 6 Approved for Release: 2020/08/11 CO2000194 Approved for Release: 2020/08/11 CO20001947 Nu" TOP SECRET 4111 " in exile in the USSR, has fallen from Qasim's favor. Qasim, who is acutely aware of Iraq's position as a nation of reli- gious and linguistic minorities--Kurds, Arabs, Turkomans, and Sunni and Shia Moslems--became suspicious of Barzani's Kurdish nationalist aspirations and threw his support to rival Kurds. Upon Barzani's return from a trip to Moscow in Jan- uary, he was stripped of many governmental privileges, and several of his followers were arrested. Sporadic fighting be- tween Barzani's tribes and other Kurdish tribes last fall caused the regime considerable concern. Qasim probably fears that any Soviet ipportJorKurdish nationalists could threaten his regime. ET 13 Feb 61 CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE BULLETIN Page 7 Approved for Release: 2020/08/11 002000194 IRS 0, IL � 1�� ���� Imam _ Approved for Release: 2020/08/11 CO2000194t Noy 'goof' THE PItESIDENT The Vice President Executive Offices of the White House Special Assistant for National Security Affairs Scientific Adviser to the President Director of the Budget Director, Office of Civil and Defense Mobilization Director, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Chairman, Board of Consultants on Foreign Intelligence Activities Executive Secretary, National Security Council The Department of State The Secretary of State The Under Secretary of State Director, International Cooperation Administration The Deputy Under Secretary of State for Political Affairs The Deputy Under Secretary of State for Administration The Counselor The Assistant Secretary of State for Policy Planning The Director of Intelligence and Research The Treasury Department The Secretary of the Treasury The Department of Defense The Secretary of Defense The Deputy Secretary of Defense The Secretary of the Army The Secretary of the Navy The Secretary of the Air Force The Chairman, The Joint Chiefs of Staff Chief of Naval Operations, United States Navy Chief of Staff, United States Air Force Chief of Staff, United States Army Commandant, United States Marine Corps Supreme Allied Commander, Europe Commander in Chief, Pacific Assistant Secretary of Defense (International Security Affairs) Assistant to Secretary of Defense (Special Operations) The Director, The Joint Staff Director for Intelligence, The Joint Staff Assistant Chief of Staff for Intelligence, Department of Army Director of Naval Intelligence, Department of Navy Assistant Chief of Staff, Intelligence, Department of the Air Force The Department of Justice The Attorney General The Federal Bureau of Investigation The Director The Atomic Energy Commission The Chairman The National Security Agency The Director The United States Information Agency The Director The National Indications Center The Director Approved for Release: 2020/08/11 CO2000194 -TOP-SECRET- Approved for Release: 2020/08/11 CO2000194