CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE BULLETIN - 1959/04/30

• Document Type: SPECIALCOLLECTION
• Keywords: 2018 Sanitization
• Collection: Current/Central Intelligence Bulletin Collection
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): 03163330
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: U
• Document Page Count: 17
• Document Creation Date: February 25, 2020
• Document Release Date: February 27, 2020
• Publication Date: April 30, 1959

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30 April 1959
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GEN TRAL
I NTELLIGENCE
BULLETIN
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/30 APRIL 1959
I. THE COMMUNIST BLOC
USSR opens new phase in campaign
tO undermine Shah of Iran, stressing
tribal opposition to regime.
Poland - Regime has launched offen-
sive using economic pressures, which
poses serious threat to church's finan-
cial position.
II. ASIA-AFRICA
Pakistani leaders say Tibetan events
show India and Pakistan should coop-
erate militarily against any outside
threat; actual cooperation probably
a long time off.
Sarraj wants to use feelavpen against
Jordan, King Husayn
due back in Amman shortly where po-
litical intriguing has intensified,
UAR taking more steps to support
Crown Prince Badr in Yemen.
Major opposition parties in the Philip-
pines agree to cooperate against ruling
Nacionalista party in forthcoming elec-
tions.
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0 Dutch taking some steps to strengthen
defenses in West New Guinea; Indo-
nesians will react strongly.
III. THE WEST
0 De Gaulle likely to insist that his pro-
posal for joint East-West aid to under-
developed countries be on summit
agenda.
First French nuclear weapons test now
set for early 1960.
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CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE BULLETIN
30 April 1959
DAILY BRIEF
L THE COMMUNIST BLOC
USSR-Iran: The USSR has begun a new phase in its prop-
aganda campaign to undermine the Shah's regime by initiat-
ing broadcasts aimed at fomenting unrest among tribal ele-
ments. On 27 April, Radio Moscow's first specific references
to the anti-Shah Qashqai tribes and to Iranian Kurds appeared
in its Persian-language broadcasts. A clandestine station�the
"National Voice of Iran"--which is probably Soviet inspired if
not actually in the USSR, attacket.the Shah's tribal policy in its
first broadcasts about 27 April. ('he principal Qashqai chief,
currently in Switzerland, claims he recently received renewed
Soviet offers of support, including arms)
(Page 1)
Poland: A well-planned offensive recently initiated by the
Gomu 1-Talzegime against the Catholic Church is potentially a
serious threat to the church's financial position. New tax regu-
ii lations have been enacted and old ones revived which, if rig-
01- orously enforced, would deprive the church of the funds needed
to continue most of its social, educational, and charitable ac-
tivities and force the closing of some religious orders and con-
vents. (Page 2)
Watch Committee conclusion�Berlin: No significant
changes bearing on the possibility of hostilities.
II. ASIA-AFRICA
Pakistan-India: Tct Pakistani leaders have recently stated
publicly that events in Tibet indicate that India
fr" nd Pakistan should cooperate militarily in meeting any threat
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610
from the outside. The expression of this view, at a time when
India is concerned about the security of its Tibetan border, is
probably designed to reduce India's opposition to SEATO and the
Baghdad Pact, to fayilitate a settlement of the canal waters and
Kashmir disputes, (and to strengthen The Indian army chie
Pakistan's position in re-
questing a continued flow of US arms aidof staff recently told an American official that now is the time to
consider a rapprochement with Pakistan to facilitate joint de-
fense. Considerable progress in resolving outstanding disputes
would be necessary, however, before the two countries are
ready to engage in joint planning. (Page 3)
Jordan-UAR: Syrian Interior Minister Sarraj wants to use
edayeen terror ist&aainstJorthnItforaborder in-
ident on 23 April. the
decision on reprisal has been referred to Nasir
a' King Husayn will find an atmosphere of i ense political in-
trigue in Amman when he returns on 2 May. Efforts by Bedouin
7.)-61,rmy officers to discredit and oust Jordan's army chief of staff
niay also be aimed at Premier Rifai. Two leading candidates for
eveithe premiership are seeking popular favor b proclaiming their
5
AA intention to seek better relations with Nasir
A (Page 4)
Yemen-UAR: The arrival of .a 32-man Egyptian economic
mission in Yemen on 25 April and the impending arrival of an
agricultural mission from Cairo indicate increased Egyptian sup-
port for Crown Prince Badr during the Imam's absence. These
moves are also probably intended to reduce Badr's dependence on
viet bloc aid. (Page 5)
Watch Committee conclusion_ Middle East: ituations sus-
ceptible of direct exploitation by Sino-Soviet bloc action which
would jeopardize US interests exist in the Middle East, particu-
larly in Iraq and Iran. The situation in the area remains pre-
carious, but a deliberate initiatiln of large-scale hostilities is
unlikely in he immediate future.
Iraq: he Communists are progressively achieving control
in Iraq, although for the pres nt they may prefer not to move to
take power in their own name.
30 Apr 59
DAILY BRIEF
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The Philippines:(The coalition agreement between the
opposition Liberal an Progressive parties should signif-
icantly strengthen their prospects in the November senatorial
and provincial elections. The parties may be planting an ac-
tual merger, looking to the 1961 general elections, when they
would challenge Nacionalista party control of the government)
(Page 7)
The Netherlands - Indonesia: Foreign Minister Luns,
who is again seeking arms aid for West New Guinea from the
United States, says that the Dutch have unobtrusively taken a
number of measures to strengthen West New Guinea's defenses.
The Indonesian Government, when these measures come to its
knowledge is likely to regard the Dutch actions as a threat to
Its security and may request more arms aid from the West,
the Communist bloc, or both) (Page 8)
III. THE WEST
France�Summit tactics:, De Gaulle is likely to insist
that his proposal to invite the iSSR to join the West in provid-
ing aid to underdeveloped countries be on the agenda for any
summit conference. He is particularly interested in such a
0 plan for Africa, and has told Secretary Herter that he believes
rest
France�Nuclear weapons: e first French nuclear
weapons test is now reliably reported planned for February
or March 1960, in southern Algeria. This would be from six
months to a year later than most previous reports had sug-
gested. Postponement of the first test may be due to techni-
cal difficulties, or possibly to plans for testing several de-
vices of varying size.)
(Page 4)
30 Apr 59
DAILY BRIEF iii
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SECRET
I. THE COMMUNIST BLOC
Moscow Attempts to Foster Tribal Unrest in Iran
Radio Moscow on 27 April gave its first specific support
to the Iranian Kurds and the traditionally antiregifne Qashqai
tribes in Persian-language broadcasts to Iran. About the same
date, anew clandestine station- -'"The National Voice of Iran"�
which is probably Soviet inspired if not actually in the USSR, be-
gan attacking the Shah's tribal policies.
These broadcasts charged that "the Qashqai tribes and the
Iranian Kurds are being deprived of their elementary democratic
rights," and that Tehran is trying to place the Kurdish tribal areas
of Iran under military control in order to transform them into
base for "destructive activities" against Iraq. Moscow contrasted
the "unfortunate lot" of Kurds in Iran with the example in Iraq of
Arab-Kurdish cooperation under Qasim. Strong personal attacks
on the Shah continue in bloc broadcasts in Persian�currently at
a level of about 68 program-hours a week.
The principal tribal chief, Nasr Khan, who is now in Switzer-
land claimed on 20 April that he recently received renewed Soviet
offers for support, including arms,
He implied that although he is pro-American, he may ac-
cept Soviet support. Realizing that Tehran is already concerned
about the loyalties of its estimated '750,000 Kurds, Nasr Man may
be attempting to obtain prompt settlement of his property claims
from the Iranian Government by threatening to cause unrest among
the estimated 300,000 Qashqai tribesmen in southern Iran. He
says the Iranian colony in Europe is expecting "something to hap-
pen in Iran this summer," and that wealthy Iranians are withdraw-
ing their assets from Iran and depositing them in Switzerland)
30 Apr 59 CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE BULLETIN
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Polish Regime Institutes New Offensive Against Catholic Church
The Polish regime's new offensive against the Catholic Church
is potentially the most serious threat to the church since the de-
tente established by the 1956 Church-State Agreement.
The state has issued a stringent reinterpretation of the law
exempting from taxation church funds used for religious purposes,
virtually eliminating the church's social welfare activities and its
construction program.
The regime initially is concentrating its attack on the reli-
gious orders which are not under the direct control of Cardinal
Wyszynski. Many of them have less contact with the people
than the regular parish clergy, and the regime apparently hopes
thereby to avoid arousing extensive popular opposition. Action
has already been taken against one group of Jesuits who have
been accused of large-scale tax evasions and, as a result, had
their property confiscated by the state. Some church authorities
believe that this action signals the beginning of a general offensive
against the Jesuits. Other religious orders and the regular clergy
also are being subjected to less drastic financial pressures, which
the regime apparently plans to extend.
At the third party congress in March, Gomulka stated that
"we do not want a war with the church" but stressed that the
church must accept a purely passive role in Polish society. He
has long had the aim of strengthening the party's hold over the
population at the expense of the church, which is its principal,
rival. In contrast to tactics used against the church before 1956,
the regime is not tampering with matters of faith. The new of-
fensive can seriously decrease church influence and force the
population to become dependent upon the party for welfare serv-
ices previously supplied by the church.
CONFIDENTIAL
30 Apr 59 CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE BULLETIN
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SECRET
II. ASIA-AFRICA
High Pakistani Officials Stress Need for Collective Defense
With India
Pakistani President Ayub, the foreign minister, (the ambas-
sador in Washington, the director of the Pakistani intelligence
services, and military officers in West Pakistan have all recent-
ly stated in public that Tibetan events indicate
India and Pakistan should join together in defending the subcontinent
in the event of a threat from the outside.
In spite of their more direct concern with the possibility of
hostilities between India and Pakistan, the military leaders of
both countries have long considered that joint defense of the sub-
continent would be necessary in the event of outside aggression.
Pakistan's military leaders now may feel that the growth of Chi-
nese Communist military power along the Indo-Tibetan border
and the recent deterioration in Sino-Indian relations make the
question of joint defense of more immediate interest. The Pak-.
istanis probably believe that emphasizing the concept of collective
defense while India is involved in strengthening the security of its
Tibetan border will reduce India's opposition to SEATO and the
Baghdad Pact. In addition, Karachi may intend by demonstrating
its reasonableness to offset the effects of the recent downing of an
Indian Air Force Canberra by the Pakistani Air Force. Ayub's gov-
ernment desires to create an atmosphere conducive to a settlement
of the canal-waters and Kashmir disputes with India.
(Karachi probably believes that by playing down its disputes
with India and emphasizing its interest in regional defense, includ-
ing cooperation with India, it will strengthen its position in request-
ing a continued flow of US arms aid)
General Thimayya, chief of staff of the Indian Army,
stated that now is the time to consider a rapprochement with
akistan to facilitate joint defense. Considerable progress in set-
tling major disputes will be necessary, .however, before the two
countries will be ready to engage in joint defense planning.
SECRET
30 Apr 59
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE BULLETIN
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Nave
Jordan-Syrian Border Incident Adds to Problems Awaiting Husayn
Syrian Interior Minister Sarraj has urged that the UAR Gov-
ernment use fedayeen terrorists against Jordan in reprisal for a
border incident on 23 April,
The final decision on reprisal has been referred to Nasir.
Each side has blamed the other for the incident, which may have
arisen from poor definition of the frontier. Efforts to undertake
a joint investigation of the clash failed because each side insisted
that the inquiry be held in its territory.
In addition to tension with the UAR, King Husayn will find
an atmosphere of intensified political intrigue in Amman when
he returns on 2 May from his world tour. He will probably be
compelled to resolve a serious factional dispute in the army, and
may be forced to choose a new prime minister. (originally Pre-
mier Samir Rifai had planned to resign shortly er the King%
return in order to form a new cabinet. Maneuvering by a power-
ful clique of Bedouin officers in the army, however, aimed at
discrediting and removing Army Chief of Staff Sadiq Shara,
could force Rifai's resignation earlier and block his reappoint-
ment, General Shara has been Rifai's protege in the army., Rifai
will probably seek to transfer the leader of the Bedouin clique,
Colonel Abdullah Majalli, from his present influential post as
chief of operations to one of less importance.)
611ould Rifai resign, the Bedouin will seek the appointment
of Hazza Majalli, who probably also has British support. Two
other former Premiers, Fawzi Mulqi and Said Mufti, are also
currently mentioned in Amman political circles as possible re-
placements. Both have recently bid for popular support by an-
flouncing their intent to seek improved relations with the UAR.)
TOP SECRET
30 Apr 59
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Yemeni Regent Receiving Increased Support From Nasir
The arrival of a 32-man Egyptian economic mission in
Yemen on 25 April, and the impending arrival of an agricul-
tural mission from Cairo, indicate increased Egyptian sup-
port for Crown Prince Badr during the absence of the Imam,
who is abroad for medical treatment. The economic mission
is to conduct a two-week survey in connection with an agree-
ment signed by Badr in Cairo on 6 April providing for the for-
mation of a UAR-Yemen trade company. At the same time
Badr also signed another agreement establishing a joint "agri-
cultural company" for the purpose of increasing Yemen's agri-
cultural production and modernizing Yemeni agriculture. These
moves are probably also intended to reduce }lades dependence
on aid from the Soviet bloc.
the UAR has
also loaned Badr two 1L-14 transport aircraft which are being
used to facilitate the movement of &Ides representatives and
security officials.
F7the UAR planned to activate a clandestine radio transmitter
in Yemen about 25 April. It was to be linked with Jidda and
Cairo5, and the Egyptian relay station in Jidda was asked to mon-
itor the frequency of the new station, which was to be considered
"Top Secret." The UAR may be setting up this secret communi-
cations link with its missions in Yemen in preparation for imple-
mentation of &Ides recent order that most foreign diplomatic
missions stop sending enciphered telegrams. Cairo might also
wish to have the emergency radio channel to ensure rapid as-
sistance to Badr if rebellion were to break out against him.
Badr is also continuing to 17n1r tn thp Sinn-Soviet Vane mis-
sions in Yemen for assistance.
Badr send "the remaining Soviet experts," including
the expert on armored vehicles, to Sana. This suggests that
units of Badr's bodyguard deployed in the northern capital to up-
hold his authority are being advised by Soviet personnel.
(Meanwhile,
doubt that an
SECRET
mmediate move)
30 Apr 59
CFKITRAI INITFI I inpkirp RI III FTIKI
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New, Nirge
(would be made to close foreign diplomatic missions in Yemen.
Nasir and I3adr
had agreed to such action, and that Yemen's foreign relations
would be conducted in Cairo through the machinery of the United
Arab States., the federation of the UAR and Yemen)
30 Apr 59
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Principal Philippine op position Parties Agree on Coalition
The coalition agreement between the Philippine Liberal and
Prog essive parties poses a significant long-range threat to
President Garcia's incumbent Nacionalista party. The text of
the parties' communiquo, signed by Vice President Macapagal
for the Liberals and Manuel Manahan for the Progressives,
provides for a common ticket in the November elections, in
which one third of the senate's 24 seats and various provincial
governorships and other offices will be contested}
this coalition is to
be fizillowed by a merger of the two parties by June of 1960 at
the latest, This merger 'would
have as its goal the upsetting of Nacionalista control of the gov-
ernment in 1961. Such a party would have considerable assets
in the persons of Macapagal, who polled more votes in the 1957
elections than any other candidate, and Manahan, who made an
impressive showing in 1957 as the Progressive candidate for
president in his first campaign for elective office. The new
party would combine the superior organization and financial back-
ing of the Liberals and the Progressives' identification with the
goals fof ex-President Magsaysay, *hose supporters formed the
party)
Against these asset; however, must be placed the power-
ful, Well-entrenched political machine of the Nacionalistas and
the possibility that discipline within the new grouping may be dif-
ficult to maintain. Negotiations for a coalition or merger began
as early as 1957 and encountered many stumpling blocks, par-
ticularly from the Liberal party's old guard.
30 Apr 59
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE BULLETIN Page 7
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*re'
Noe:
Netherlands Reports West New Guinea Defenses Strengthened
(Dutch Foreign Minister Luns, in again seeking arms aid
for West New Guinea, told United States Ambassador Young
in The Hague that the Dutch have unobtrusively taken a number
of measures designed to strengthen West New Guinea defenses.
He mentioned shipment of new radar equipment, 400 additional
marines, increased ground personnel, more ammunition, and
"the like.)
6e Dutch, unhappy about US arms aid to Indonesia and the
subsequent "chain reaction" of sales by other NATO countries,
recently threatened to divert NATO-committed military equip-
ment to West New Guinea if US arms aid is not forthcoming. The
Dutch cabinet, impatient with US delay in responding to a "shbp-
ping list" of military items submitted to the United States last
December, decided in March to improve the Biak airfield for use
by jet fighters and to station 100 fully .equipped marines at Hollandia.
Dutch forces in New Guinea, as of the end of 1958, included 250 to
400 army troops, 1,00 marines, 751 naval personnel, and 175
naval air personnel.
The Indonesian Government, on learning of the reinforce-
men s, is likely to seek some means of retaliating, and may
also advance the Dutch action as justification for making new
requests for arms. Any government failure to react to a Dutch
build-up would be exploited by the Indonesian Qommunist party,
caLparty in Indonesia.
30 Apr
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE BULLETIN Page 8
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I I I. THE WEST
French Nuclear Weapons Test Now Reported Planned
For Early 1960
the first French nuclear weapons test now is planned
for February or March 1960 in southern Algeria. The first
test will probably involve a nominal-yield (20-40 kiloton) de-
vice. .esting of a series
of smaller devices possibly including an underground test, is
expected to follow the initial explosion. The testing will take
place in the general area of Reggane Oasis, pr viously re-
ported as the probable French nuclear test site
Previous reports had suggested that the initial French test
miglitoccur as early as the first quarter of 1959, and France
is estimated to have accumulated enough plutonium as of 1 Jan-
uary 1959 to explode at least one nuclear device at any time.
The reported delay is probably due partially to the French de-
sire to test devices of varying sizes in series. Other factors
affecting the timing may include the need to complete procure-
ment and installation of range instrumentation and possibly
difficulties in solving problems of weapons design and fabrica-
tion.
In recent weeks the French press has repeated the govern-
men earlier warnings that Paris will not be bound by any
agreement on test cessation which might be reached by the US
USSR, and UK at the Geneva talks now under way)
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30 Apr 59 CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE BULLETIN
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'Rime vie
THE PRESIDENT
The Vice President
Executive Offices of the White House
Special Assistant for National Security Affairs
Scientific Adviser to the President
Director of the Budget
Office of Defense and Civilian Mobilization
Special Assistant for Security Operations Coordination
Board of Consultants on Foreign Intelligence Activities
Special Assistant for Foreign Economic Policy
Executive Secretary, National Security Council
The Treasury Department
The Secretary of the Treasury
The Department of State
The Secretary of State
The Under Secretary of State
The Under Secretary of State for Economic Affairs
The Deputy Under Secretary for Political Affairs
The Deputy Under Secretary for Administration
The Counselor
Director, International Cooperation Administration
The Director of Intelligence and Research
The Department of Defense
The Secretary of Defense
The Deputy Secretary of Defense
Assistant Secretary of Defense for International Security Affairs
The Secretary of the Army
The Secretary of the Navy
The Secretary of the Air Force
The Chairman, The Joint Chiefs of Staff
Commandant, United States Marine Corps
The Director, The Joint Staff
Chief of Staff, United States Army
Chief of Naval Operations, United States Navy
Chief of Staff, United States Air Force
Assistant to Secretary of Defense for Special Operations
Director for Intelligence, The Joint Staff
Assistant Chief of Staff for Intelligence, Department of the Army
Director of Naval Intelligence, Department of the Navy
Assistant Chief of Staff, Intelligence, Department of the Air Force
Supreme Allied Commander, Europe
Commander in Chief, Pacific
The Department of the Interior
The Secretary of the Interior
The Department of Commerce
The Secretary of Commerce
Federal Bureau of Investigation
The Director
Atomic Energy Commission
The Chairman
National Security Agency
The Director
National Indications Center
The Director
United States Information Agency
The Director
CONFIDENTI A I.
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