TERRORISM REVIEW

• Document Type: FOIA
• Collection: FOIA Collection
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): 05922884
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: U
• Document Page Count: 36
• Document Creation Date: December 28, 2022
• Document Release Date: September 25, 2017
• Case Number: F-2016-02688
• Publication Date: February 26, 1987

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Directorate of
Intelligence
MASTER FILE COPY
DO NOT REBUT
00 MARX ON
Terrorism Review
26 February 1987
(b)(3)
Secret
DI TR 87-004
26 February 1987
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Warning Ncitice
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or Methods Involved
(WNINTEL)
National Security Unauthorized Disclosure
Information Subject to Criminal Sanctions
Dissemination Control
Abbreviations
NOFORN (NF) Not releasable to foreign nationals
NOCONTRACT (NC) Not releasable to contractors or contractor/consultants
PROPIN (PR) Caution�proprietary information involved
ORCON (OC) Dissemination and extraction of information
controlled by originator
REL... This information has been authorized for release to...
WN WNINTEL�Intelligence sources or methods involved
(b)(3)
All material on this page
is Unclassified.
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(b)(3)
(b)(3)
Terrorism Reviewp7
26 February 1987
1 Focus: Anti-American Terrorism on the Rise
in the Andean Region
7 Highlights
Counterterrorist Center
(b)(3)
(b)(3)
15 Peru: The Terrorist Threat to Americans
19 International Terrorism in Western Europe, 1986
23 Basque Fatherland and Liberty Terrorism in 1986
29 Chronology of Terrorism-1986-87
Reverse Blank
This review is published biweekly by the Directorate of Intelligence. Appropriate
articles produced by other elements of the CIA as well as by other agencies of the
US Intelligence Community will be considered for publication. Comments and
queries are welcome and may be directed to the Executive Editor
i
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Focus
Terrorism Review
26 February 1987
(b)(3)
Anti-American Terrorism on the Rise (b)(3)
in the Andean Region
The Andean region has become one of the most dangerous areas in the world for
businesses and facilities associated with the United States. Although most of the
violence in the region continues to be directed against domestic targets, the steady
rise in anti-US attacks over the past five years refutes the traditional view of Latin
American terrorism as being sporadic and cyclical. A further increase in attacks�
particularly if bombings become more lethal and American citizens are victims�
could hinder the transaction of US business, both diplomatic and commercial and
undercut the trend toward more open government:
� In 1986, Latin America�and specifically the Andean countries�replaced
Western Europe as the second-most popular location of international terrorist
attacks. Only in the Middle East did more such attacks occur.
Figure 1
Anti-US Attacks in Andean Region,
1980-86
Number of attacks
100
80
60
40
20
0 1980 81 82 83 84 85 86
1
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� Nearly half of all terrorist incidents worldwide that involved US citizens or
property occurred in Latin America. US interests were favorite targets in
Colombia, Peru, and Chile, where American banks and US-affiliated petroleum
companies were the primary targets.
� In Peru and Colombia, moreover, attacks against US businesses nearly doubled.
� Anti-US violence in the Andean region has increased consistently over the past
five years. In 1982, for example, there were only 12 anti-American attacks,
compared with about 80 incidents in 1986 (b)(3)
We believe that Andean terrorists are increasingly selecting US targets in an
effort to attract international media attention to their local causes. Some terrorist
groups, however, genuinely want to compel the withdrawal of US official and
commercial interests. This stems in part from anti-American sentiment that goes
back at least a century in South America and perceives the United States as a
heavyhanded external influence in the region. The terrorists also hope that their
anti-American attacks will win them favor�and ultimately a--'-*----;e�from such
state sponsors of terrorism as Cuba and Libya. (b)(3)
Governments in the region find themselves confronting growing threats with ill-
prepared security forces. Some of the democratic governments in the Andean
Figure 2
Anti-US Attacks, by Country,
1985-86
0
Colombia 1985
86
Peru 85
86
Chile 85
86
10 20 30 40
(b)(3)
2
312030 3-87
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�Seefot�
countries, unlike the military dictatorships that dealt with terrorism in the
southern countries in the 1960s and 1970s, are in a tenuous position. The nature of
those new governments�open and pluralistic�probably makes them more
susceptible to terrorist violence. Many of the security forces are poorly trained,
especially in the use of terrorist penetrations and crisis management. The civilian
governments, moreover, sometiniPQ A re reluctant to admit that they face a national
security problem. (b)(3)
Colombia
Anti-US terrorist incidents in Colombia increased by nearly 70 percent in 1986�
from 21 in 1985 to 35 last year�making it the country with the highest number of
anti-US terrorist incidents in the world. Some 90 percent of all anti-US attacks
were directed against US business interests, mostly harassment bombings.
Terrorists concentrated on the Colombian petroleum industry�in which US
companies are heavily involved�and staged numerous bombings of a major oil
pipeline. The bombings have been taking place for three years, but they were so
severe in 1986 that $50 million in damages resulted. In fact, Occidental Petroleum
was unable to fulfill its oil production goal for 1986 because of these attacks.
(b)(3)
Peru
Anti-US terrorism in Peru increased from 12 incidents in 1985 to last year's high
of about 30 incidents. Many of these incidents�mostly low-level bombings that
caused little damage�were directed against US financial institutions, which
symbolize imperialism to the two main terrorist groups�Sendero Luminoso (SL)
and the Revolutionary Movement Tupac Amaru (MRTA). Unlike previous years,
SL terrorists staged fewer attacks in the rural highlands. Government
counterterrorist successes in the rural areas may have forced some of the terrorists
into the cities, but we believe these urban attacks are part of a broader strategy to
attract more attention to Sendero Luminoso's terrorist campaign. In late
December the MRTA attacked seven US affiliated facilities over three days, and
we expect such attacks to continue. (b)(3)
Chile
There was a slight decline in terrorist activity in Chile last year, yet the 1986
figure remains the second highest of the past five years. We believe the discovery
of a large arms cache last August and internal disputes within the radical leftist
opposition were factors. We expect terrorist attacks to pick up in 1987, especially if
progress is made on a democratic transition of power from Pinochet to another
president. In that event, the Communist Party probably would launch a terrorist
campaign aimed at provoking the regime into more ruthless repression, in an
attempt to undercut the transition process. Some attacks may be directed against
US businesses to internationalize the struggle and create economic and political
uncertainty, but the bulk of terrorist actions will be directed at domestic targets.
(b)(3)
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Manufacturi
mining 8
Outlook
We do not expect the pace of anti-US attacks in the Andean region to slacken in
the next several years. Most incidents probably will continue to be harassment
attacks directed against property�rather than persons�particularly American
businesses. This continuous barrage may have the same overall effect as more
lethal attacks�a drawdown in both the official US presence and the American
business community. Businesses are likely to reduce their presence before the
American embassies do, however, because they cannot affol(b)(3)ame degree of
protection as the United States Government can
We have no information that such outside sponsors as Cuba or Nicaragua have
backed anti-US terrorist operations in the Andean region. Many Andean groups,
however, receive varying degrees of general support�from propaganda to weapons
supply�from state supporters. We believe the type of attacks undertaken by these
groups would change little, even if state sponsors stepped up their assistance. In
many cases, the Cubans ar(b)(3)c �ant to encourage anti-US violence for fear of
American retaliation
Andean groups are displaying more brazen and sophisticated techniques such as
daylight attacks and simultaneous bombings. This adds to the frustration of the
local security forces, which often are unable to protect potential targets.
Figure 3
Attacks Against US Businesses,
1980-86
Percent
Retail/hotel 9
Other
enterprises
io
Financial
institutions 10
Businessmen 15
(b)(3)
Offices of
international �
firms 26
Petroleum
facilities 22
4
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Peruvian President Alan Garcia has informed foreign embassies in Lima,
including the US Embassy, that the Peruvian security forces cannot protect them.
In Colombia the military would be severely strained if all four major guerrilla
groups joined forces in a full-scale insurgency. Despite some successes, the
counterterrorist forces in Colombia, Peru, and Chile have been unable to
successfully penetrate terrorist groups and prevent them from stri1(6)-(3) will. As a
result, police action is reactive, rather than preventive
The threat from Andean terrorist groups, while still controllable, has grown far
more rapidly than was predicted in the early 1980s, and the portents for the second
half of the decade are even more troubling. Acting alone, Andean terrorist groups
do not have the potential to pose a serious threat to the stability of their host
governments. Both domestic security and US interests, however, would be severely
challenged if a convergence of interests among the terrorists, insurgents, and drug
traffickers led them to launch a unified campaign of violence. Such a union could
undermine democratic institutions by provoking a return to authoritarian methods.
Moreover, a series of escalating international attacks could subvert the economic
base of many of these countries by prompting American disinvestment. Should US
counterterrorist and counternarcotics assistance to the host governments increase,
the existing tacit cooperation among traffickers, insurgents, and terrorists may
evolve into a forn-(b)-('3"pce against a perceived common enemy�the United
States.
(b)(3)
Reverse Blank 5
�Secret--
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France
Western Europe
Belgium
Finland
Highlights
(b)(3)
Alert Item
Abdallah Conviction May Lead to Anti-US Attacks
Georges Abdallah, leader of the Lebanese Armed Revolutionary Faction (LARF),
was convicted on 28 February of complicity in the murders of an American
attache and an Israeli diplomat in 1982 and an attempt on the US Consul General
in 1984 in Strasbourg, and sentenced to life imprisonment. His conviction and the
harsh sentence came as a surprise after the prosecutor had asked for a term of less
than 10 years in order to spare France another wave of terrorism like the LARF
bombing campaigns of March and September 1986. Paris is braced for new
violence: more than 1,000 policemen brought into the capital for the trial have
been kept on duty. LARF leaders vowed before the trial swift retaliation for any
sentence and may move quickly against French interests and perhaps even US
targets, since the United States was a highly visible civil party during the trial. We
cannot assess the current capability of LARF or its allies�most notably the
Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine�Special Command and the
Armenian Secret Army for the Liberation of Armenia�to stage indiscriminate
bombings like those of last September, but if LARF cannot strike ouickly in
Europe, it may target French or US interest in Lebanon. I (b)(3)1
Significant Developments
Belgian Plans for Trevi Terrorism Policy
Belgium assumed the six-month presidency of Europe's Trevi counterterrorism
panel in January, and Justice Minister Jean Gol announced that his government's
priorities would include: a permanent administrative structure, better information
exchange among European Community countries, and closer coordination of
political actions. He said that Trevi had formed an ad hoc group to work on the
issues of illegal immigration, abuse of political asylum, and possibly international
narcotics trafficking. Gol will be coming to the United States in early March for
discussions before the next Trevi meeting on 28 April. (b)(3)
Government Rejects More Arab Refugees
After high-level discussions, Helsinki decided in January to resist pressure from
the United Nations High Commissioner on Refugees to allow more refugees from
Iran and the Arab world into its country. President Koivisto and Prime Minister
Sorsa agreed with a government assessment that frictions generated by the influx
of additional refugees from these areas would create a threat of terrorist activity
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the government would have difficulty handling. In 1986, as a result of their
perception of an increased threat from international terrorism, the Finnish
Parliament increased funding for the security police for 1986 and 1988�omitting
1987. This recent assessment suggests the threat has overtaken the financial
initiatives originally proposed to deal with it. Finland's Nordic neighbors also have
taken steps to curtail the increasing movement of refugees into the region. Their
efforts, however, have sprung principally from a desire to control the economic,
social, and administrative problems created by the immigrants, rather than fear of
a rising terrorist threat. (b)(3)
France
Italy
Muslim Brotherhood Arms Cache Uncovered
On 18 December, agents of the internal security service, DST, raided the home of
a Lebanese citizen and recovered a large cache of weapons and explosives
belonging to the Muslim Brotherhood. The owner of the house had left the country
two weeks earlier, but his Syrian wife, two other Syrians, three Jordanians, a
naturalized French citizen, and his Lebanese brother were taken into custody.
Seized in the raid were 30 kilograms of a plastic explosive, 51 detonators, four
Soviet-type handgrenades, and ammunition and small arms of various kinds. The
suspects denied any knowledge of the cache, admitting only that they belonged to
an Islamic student association in Toulouse. (b)(3)
Ties Among Three European Terrorist Groups?
On 24 December, Paris police arrested three Italian terrorists after investigating
an arms cache of the Basque separatist group Fatherland and Liberty-Military
Wing (ETA-M). Police were following a suspected Action Directe (AD) member
when he met with three Italians from the largely inactive Prima Linea group. The
arrests were made as the trio prepared to leave France with materials for
ETA-M's Madrid Commando. Police recovered an electronic scanner, false (b)(3)
passports, and more than $10,000 in six European currencies
Spanish authorities believe that the Madrid Commando�hurt by Spanish police
sweeps late last year�was attempting to find new sources of money and weapons.
Similarly, AD is under great pressure from French police and may have hoped to
trade the seized items to ETA-M in exchange for safehaven or a support base in
Spain. We do not yet know how Prima Linea is involved. AD has links to West
German and Belgian groups, but there is no evidence as yet to suggest that the
arrests were part of a larger "Euroterrorist" framework. (b)(3)
Early Release of Terrorist Suspects May Slow
A new law passed late last year to combat organized crime may have beneficial
effects on Italy's war on terrorism as well. The law was enacted in reaction to an
earlier statute that allowed dangerous suspects to go free before their trials came
up. Over 40 terrorists took advantage of the early release program and disappeared
before trial. The new law would allow 18 months of pretrial confinement for
certain crimes and another 18 months during a trial. Acquitted suspects could
continue to be held for a year during appeals. (b)(3)
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Sweden
Kurdish Kurdish Arrests for PaIme Killing Prove To Be False Alarm
Swedish officials investigating the assassination in February 1986 of Prime
Minister Olof Palme detained over 20 Kurdish Workers' Party (PKK) members on
12 December 1986 and 20 January 1987.-This latest in a number of PKK
roundups, however, again failed to reveal evidence linking the group to the killing.
Three of the Kurds arrested in December are being held for possible complicity in
the murder of a PKK defector in November 1985; the rest were released.
So far, only circumstantial evidence links the PKK, a violent Kurdish separatist
group, to the assassination. Clashes between Stockholm Police Chief Hans Holmer
and Government Prosecutor Claes Zeime over the conduct of the investigation
have been detrimental to the progress of the case: Holmer has been obsessed with
the PKK at the expense of other leads. As a result, he was removed from the case
on 4 February when the Swedish Government announced that remonsibility for
the investigation would be moved to the national level. (b,)(3)
West Germany
Kurdish Terrorist Suspect Released
Kurdish Workers' Party (PKK) member Faruk Bozkurt's release from pretrial
confinement on 27 November 1986 is an indication that charges against him
probably have been dropped. German officials had information that the PKK was
planning to bomb the Turkish Consulate in Hamburg last August and believed
Bozkurt was linked to the plot. Freeing Bozkurt may enable West Germany to
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avoid possible retaliation from the PKK, which has a sizable presence there. The
PKK staged demonstrations in Germany, the Netherlands, and France last fall
protesting the Kurd's detention.I , (b)(3)
Middle East
Kuwait
(b)(3)
(b)(1)
Lebanon
(b)(3)
(b)(1)
In late January and early February, Kuwait announced the arrests of 12 suspects
and the discovery of several arms caches. Kuwaiti officials claim that some of the
weapons�which included Soviet, Israeli, and US weapons, and devices for time
bombs�can be traced to Iran. They also say that some of those arrested had
traveled frequently to Iran
This is the first evidence that Iran was directly involved in the Kuwait bombings.
The assistance also demonstrates Iran's continued willingness to use selected acts
of terrorism to support its foreign policy objectives�in this case to undermine the
Islamic summit held in Kuwait in January. Iran has other terrorist assets in
Kuwait and elsewhere in the Persian Gulf that it could use to further the export of
the Islamic revolution or the destabilization of the Sunni Gulf regimes.
Kuwait is unlikely to break relations with Iran over the incident, but it could
withdraw its representative from Tehran to protest Iran's blatant support for
terrorism. The arrests are likely to heighten sectarian tensions in Kuwait, where
Shias constitute one-third of the native population
(b)(3)_
Hizballah Center Target of Car Bombing
A car bomb exploded on 9 February in the Rweis district of West Beirut, killing 15
persons and injuring 80 others. The blast was timed to coincide with students
leaving school and employees leaving their offices, when the area was crowded
with lunch-hour traffic. An automobile packed with 165 pounds of TNT mixed
with hexogen, a highly explosive liquefied gas, detonated near Hizballah's main
center in the area. Bodies were charred and mutilated by the explosion, which
started fires, damaged shops and apartments in a 500-yard radius, and left a
twisted wreckage of 10 cars. The Shia Amal militia has accused PLO leader Yasir
Arafat of engineering the bombing. (b)(3)
Aide to Gemayel Kidnaped and Released
Jean Ubayd, a prominent Lebanese Christian aide to President Gemayel, was
kidnaped 12 February in West Beirut by nine armed gunmen. Ubayd's driver was
(b)(1)
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�Seeret�
South/East Asia
Australia
Africa
Somalia
wounded in the attack. Ubayd, who had ties to Syria at least until recently,
apparently considers himself a successor t- �ayel when the Lebanese
President's term expires next year. (b)(3)
Islamic Jihad, a covername usually used by Hizballah elements in Lebanon,
claimed responsibility for the attack and threatened to kill Ubayd. He was released
on 16 February, after Syria reportedly intervened against the clan that kidnaped
him in an interfamily Lebanese dispute. (b)(3)
Melbourne Consulate Bombing: Additional Details
Australian officials reportedly doubt the existence of the so-called Greek-
Bulgarian-Armenian Front that took credit for a car bomb attack on the Turkish
Consulate General in Melbourne, Australia, on 23 November 1986. All the prime
suspects in the case reportedly have ties to the Justice Commandos of the
Armenian Genocide (JCAG), a rightwing Armenian terrorist group; nevertheless,
Australian officials still believe the bombing was carried out independently from
JCAG's command structure. Authorities have uncovered the following details
concerning the attack, which killed the bomber�later identified as an
Armenian�and damaged the building housing the consulate:
� The suspect being held for the bombing, an Armenian named Levon Demirian,
was interrogated in connection with the assassination of the Turkish Consul
General in Sydney in 1980, for which JCAG claimed responsibility.
� Australian authorities believe that Levon's brother, Hovannes "Jano"
Demirian�an explosives expert�could have built the Melbourne bomb, but so
far they have not connected him to either the car bomb or to the explosives found
in the Demirian family's restaurant in a police raid after the attack. (b)(3)
Somali Dissidents To Continue Kidnaping Foreigners?
On 7 February Ethiopia handed over to French authorities 10 French aid workers
who were kidnaped by Somali rebels. The doctors and nurses, who worked for the
French relief organization Medecins Sans Frontieres, were kidnaped in January by
members of the Somali National Movement (SNM) at an Ethiopian refugee camp
in northwestern Somalia. The SNM took its French hostages across the border
into Ethiopia, where it subsequently released them to authorities there. An SNM
press release stated that the Somali refugee camps are used as a "recruiting
ground" for the Somali military and security agencies. The press release stated
further that international assistance given to the refugees in these camps is used to
finance terror and oppression against the civilian population. It warned that
foreigners remaining in Somalia cannot be guaranteed security. The US Embassy
in Mogadishu believes it would not be difficult for the SNM to continue kidnaping
foreign workers at refugee camps in Somalia because these workers are often
reluctant to take security measures, probably in the belief that the humanitarian
nature of their work protects them. (b)(3)
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Technical Trends
Worldwide
Detecting Liquid Explosives
The January arrest of a Lebanese terrorist in West Germany has highlighted the
potential use of liquid explosives by terrorists. Although some liquid explosives
must be rendered into a solid state for most effective use, some stable liquids can
be used as the main charge of an explosive device. Like other explosives, these
liquids can be set off by a detonator and any search which yields a detonator
should not overlook any liquids carried by the same person or found at the same
site. Some liquid explosives, however, may also detonate spontaneously at high
temperatures, under severe shock, or if acid is added. (b)(3)
The following guidelines are offered for the inspection of suspicious liquids:
� Compare the color, transparency, and viscosity of the fluid to the properties of
the liquid normally found in the container.
� Check for tampering with the wrapping, cap, or seal of the container.
� If possible, X-ray an opaque container.
� Chemically test the liquid if a sample can be obtained. This last step may be
difficult if the container or it 1 needs to remain intact for operational or
evidentiary reasons. (b)(3)
Gas Enhanced Explosives
Recent testing has reconfirmed earlier findings that the placement of liquefied
petroleum (LP) gas bottles with an explosive device does not materially increase or
enhance the blast effects. Although the thermal effect of such a blast is increased,
tests of explosives augmented by LP bottles and an equal amount of unaugmented
material showed that a greater blast effect (and ' damage) results in the
latter case, a device using explosives alone. (b)(3)
The addition of LP gas to an explosive device may appeal to terrorists who want to
make a greater visual impression with the resulting fireball. The blast wave of such
an explosion, however, lacks the brisance of high explosives. Generally, the use of
LP gas instead of explosives has been an indicator that the nerpetrator may not
have had access to conventional high explosives. (b)(3)
If a bomb is intended solely to start a fire, however, flammable fluids make better
accelerators than LP gas. The gaseous LP released in an explosion is consumed
very rapidly (one to two seconds�not long enough to kindle wooden furniture, for
instance). In contrast, a fire started by an explosive and a flammable liquid will
burn for many minutes, which is ideal for incendiary uses. Among groups known to
have used some form of bottled gas with explosive devices are the Belgian
Communist Combatant Cells, the Armenian Secret Army for the Liberation of
Armenia, the Puerto Rican FALN, and the Iraqi Dawa, which attacked the US
and French Embassies in Kuwait in December 1983. (b)(3)
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United Kingdom
New X-Ray Machine Procedures
A London newspaper has reported that the United Kingdom is developing an
airport security system that will give a three-dimensional view of luggage. The
binocular stereoscopic system is expected to be in production by midyear. Until
that time, operators of existing equipment are being retrained to spot plastic
weapons and explosives and more sensitive detectors that use multiimaging against
metal and plastic are being introduced. (b)(3)
In an effort to curb the abuse of diplomatic pouches by state sponsors of terrorism,
Italy and Turkey separately announced plans late last year to X-ray pouches for
arms, explosives, and other contraband. Both countries announced broad-based
applicability that would avoid the need to single out the pouches of Libya, Syria,
and Iran, but in the face of protests by allied countries, they had not implemented
their plans as of early 1987 (b)(3)
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Peru: The Terrorist Threat
to Americans (b)(3)
Over the last two years Peru, and particularly Lima,
has experienced some of the highest rates of terrorism
in the world. Most attacks by Peru's two active
insurgent groups, the fanatically ethnocentric Sendero
Luminoso (SL) and the urban-based Tupac Amaru
Revolutionary Movement (MRTA), have been
directed at official Peruvian targets. During 1986,
however, there was a fourfold increase in the number
of attacks against foreign official and international
business facilities. Given these trends, we believe the
likelihood of American casualties�even if incurred
incidentally�is rising. No Americans have been
killed by terrorists in Lima but, because of the large
American resident and tourist presence in the capital,
we believe they could become victims when
government, commercial, or tourist sites are bombed
or come under strafing attack. The danger to
Americans is almost as great in the countryside,
where two Americans were killed last year when
guerrillas bombed the popular Cusco-to-
Machupicchu tourist train. (b)(3)
Peru's Terrorist Groups
Guerrilla and terrorist violence in Peru has escalated
dramatically in recent years and poses increasingly
serious security problems for Americans. The largest
and most dangerous insurgent group is the SL, whose
4,000 to 5,000 armed guerrillas are waging both an
increasingly active urban terrorist campaign in Lima
and a low intensity rural insurrection throughout the
country. Since it initiated armed struggle in 1980, the
SL has developed into the second-largest guerrilla
movement in South America�behind the
Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC)�
and is probably the most brutal movement ever to
appear in the region. SL's violent tactics aim at the
total elimination of the influence of Peru's whites and
mestizos, and the reviles foreign influences of
any kind in Peru. c b)(3)
Peru's other terrorist group, the MRTA, is a small,
Lima-based movement of several hundred activists at
most. In contrast with SL, the MRTA is a Castroite,
15
pro-Nicaragua Marxist group that more narrowly
focuses its attacks against foreign targets, particularly
US and Japanese facilities. Unlike the SL, the
MRTA has generally used political violence to draw
attention to its political program, so far has attacked
property far more than people, and has been quick to
take credit for its attacks.
(b)(3)_
Rising Urban Terrorism
The main terrorist threat to US citizens is in Lima.
Despite some tougher antiterrorist measures, violent
attacks in Lima are increasing in both number and
lethality. Our data base indicates that since the
beginning of 1985 some 300 serious incidents have
occurred in the Lima metropolitan area. Forty
persons�all Peruvians�have been killed in Lima
during that period, including nine who were innocent
bystanders. Police reports indicate that the SL has
been overwhelmingly responsible for the deaths. (b)(3
Our review of SL attacks during 1986 indicates that it
is still hitting hardest at Peruvian targets. Indeed, 31
of the 40 persons killed in Lima since early 1985 were
engaged in counterterrorism or local police duties.
The assassinations last year in Lima of two Peruvian
Navy admirals, moreover, received international press
coverage, heightening the perception at home and
abroad of growing political instability and personal
insecurity in Peru.
(b)(3)
Terrorist attacks in Lima during 1986 also show,
however, a dramatic four-fold increase over the 1985
levels of strikes against foreign targets. In February
1986 the SL bombed six foreign diplomatic missions,
including the US Embassy. SL, being generally
antiforeign rather than specifically anti-American,
also struck at the Soviet Embassy twice last year and
wounded six Soviet sailors in a terrorist attack last
August. For its part, the MRTA attacked the US
Lae
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26 February 1987
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Major Terrorist Attacks in Peru Against Foreign Interests, 1986
21 December The US Information Agency building in Lima was bombed, probably by the
MRTA. No injuries were reported.
18 December Six organizations in Lima with links to the United States were bombed, including
two binational cultural centers, IBM and AID warehouses, the Summer Institute
of Linguistics, and a Goodyear facility. MRTA claimed responsibility for the
bombings, in which several persons were injured.
10 November
24 October
18 September
26 August
The US Information Agency Binational Center in Trujillo was bombed probably
by the MRTA. There were no injuries.
The Peruvian manager of the Pepsi-Cola plant in Huanuco, was murdered. No
group claimed responsibility, but the SL was the likely perpetrator.
The MRTA attacked the Chilean Embassy in Lima with dynamite, causing no
injuries.
The Bolivian Embassy in Lima is bombed by a splinter group of the MRTA in
protest of the US military presence in Bolivia and involvement in operations
against drug traffickers. No injuries were reported.
27 July Terrorists, probably SL, set off firebombs at three major business and tourist
hotels in Lima. There were no injuries.
22 July Unknown terrorists bombed the Eastern Airlines office in Lima and a Mercedes-
Benz car dealership, causing no injuries.
4 July The SL was probably responsible for bombings of the Chinese and Italian
Embassies in Lima, as well as the Peruvian-Soviet Cultural Institute.
25 June SL terrorists bombed a tourist train traveling from Cusco to the Machupicchu
ruins, killing eight persons including two Americans. A number of other US
citizens were wounded.
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Secret
23 June
22 June
27 May
21 April
11 April
Tupac Amaru terrorists simultaneously seized the offices of four foreign news
agencies, forcing station personnel to transmit antigovernment messages.
MRTA terrorists bombed the Honduran Embassy, causing considerable damage
but no injuries.
Unknown terrorists bombed the North American�Peruvian Cultural Institute in
Trujillo. Two Peruvian students were injured.
MRTA members exploded a car bomb outside the residence of the US
Ambassador, blowing a hole in the concrete wall surrounding the home but
causing no injuries.
MRTA terrorists bombed five US targets in Lima, including an AID warehouse, a
branch office of Citibank, Eastman-Kodak's Peruvian headquarters, the offices of
Diner's Club, and the Summer Institute of Linguistics. No injuries resulted.
3 April Synchronized attacks were carried out by MRTA terrorists against foreign
facilities, including the US-Peruvian Binational Center, two Citibank offices, an
IBM warehouse, Sears-Roebuck, and the Colombian Embassy.
17 March
21 February
22 January
(b)(3)
Presumed SL terrorists strafed the Argentine Embassy in Lima with machinegun
fire. There were no injuries.
The SL carried out a series of bombings against the Embassies of the United
States, Spain, China, West Germany, Argentina, and India. One guard at the
Indian Embassy was killed.
Unknown terrorists bombed the Sears-Roebuck store in downtown Lima, as well
as several other stores and shopping centers around the city. No injuries were
reported.
17
�Ststret�,
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Ambassador's residence in 1986, bombed the Lima
headquarters of Citibank and Texaco, and hit other
targets that the group associates with "Yanqui
imperialism," including several Kentucky Fried
Chicken franchises in 1985 and a Sears Roebuck
store. In late December 1986 the MRTA went on a
bombing rampage over three days, attacking seven
US-affiliated facilities, including the United States
Information Agency building. The Tupac Amaru also
regards Japan as a principal "imperialist" power and
we believe it is responsible for a majority of the
attacks on Japanese business interests in Lin(bi)(3)
The Threat to Americans
Despite the increasing number of attacks against US
facilities, to our knowledge no US citizen has been the
object of a deliberate personal attack by terrorists
and, aside from the US Ambassador's home, no other
American residence has been targeted. To help
combat the growing urban terrorism, the Peruvian
Government has maintained a state of emergency and
a curfew in the Lima metropolitan area since early
February 1986, and police and military personnel
armed with shoulder-fired weapons routinely patrol
the streets. (b)(3)
Nonetheless, Peruvian authorities admit their
inability to provide full protection to diplomatic
missions, and we believe it is increasingly likely that
American citizens in Lima will be either deliberately
targeted by terrorists or injured incidentally in an
attack. According to the US Embassy, some 9,000
Americans reside in Lima, including approximately
400 US Government personnel and their dependents.
Moreover, an estimated 200 to 250 American tourists
are likely to be visiting Lima on any day of the year.
Both terrorist groups are now actively targeting sites
in neighborhoods where Americans live and places
where tourists congregate, such as hotels and
restaurants. The popular Plaza de Armas, for
example, upon which the National Palace and other
important governmental and historical buildings face,
has been the site of repeated car bombings. (b)(3)
In the countryside, the situation is likely to be nearly
as dangerous as in Lima because of the widespread
SL insurgency. Additional security has been providec(b)(3)
for the tourist train to Machupicchu that was (b)(1)
bombed earlier this year, but the
ontinues to be concerned about safety on the
line because of the extreme difficulty of protecting the
track. US citizens visiting Peru also would be
particularly advised to avoid travel in the areas
designated by the Peruvian Government as emergency
zones because of insurgent activities and narcotics
related violence. SL cadres move 1(b)(3)nd operate at
will in these areas.
(b)(3)
18
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International Terrorism
Terrorism
in Western Europe, 1986
(b)(3)
Terrorists were active in Western Europe last year,
but for the first time in the 1980s, the number of
international terrorist attacks there declined.' There
were changes in the venues, victims, and perpetrators
of attacks: Spain became a principal location of
international attacks, with France and Germany in
second and third place. French interests were most
often targeted, followed by US and, more distantly,
Spanish interests. Western Europe remained the most
dangerous place for Americans abroad, although most
US casualties occurred as a result of attacks, not by
European but rather by Middle Eastern groups.
Most West European groups continued to concentrate
their attacks against domestic government facilities,
the police and security forces, and businesses.
Surprisingly, the group that committed the most
international attacks in 1986 was the Basque
Fatherland and Liberty (ETA-M), responsible for 36
attacks, mostly harassment bombings of French
businesses and privately owned automobiles. By
contrast, the West German Red Army Faction
(RAF)�the second most active group after ETA-
M�conducted only four international attacks last
year, but it "" "-y active against West German
targets.' ( u)k�)
West Germany: The RAF
Euroterrorism, the much-touted phenomenon of the
mid-1980s, appears to have dwindled in 1986 to little
more than rhetorical pronouncements. The RAF�the
key proponent of a united terrorist front�was
inactive until midyear, and none of its attacks bore
' Much of this decline (140 incidents in 1986 compared with over
200 in 1985) probably is attributable to a falloff in attacks by
Middle Eastern terrorists that have spilled over into Western
Europe. Attacks of this type will be treated separately in a later
issue.
'Although events and trends in domestic terrorism (such as attacks
by French groups on French targets in France) form a large part of
this annual review, our statistical conclusions refer only to
international incidents. Our data base on indigenous terrorism is
generally less complete.r(b)(3)1
19
the marks of any foreign involvement. The RAF
issued some documents in the name of the "anti-
imperialist front"�and the French group Action
Directe (AD) echoed some of this rhetoric�but there
was no evidence the groups coordinated any of their
operations. (b)(3)]
There were innovations in RAF attacks last year, and
a new element within the RAF gained prominence for
its bombing activities. The innovations included the
use of a remote-control ambush bomb, the selection of
a target because of his connections to the nuclear
issue and the US Strategic Defense Initiative, and the
pointblank assassination of a Foreign Ministry
official. The recently invigorated RAF "illegal
militant" level bombed at least 10 targets following
the general theme of assassinations conducted by the
"hardcore" members. The bombings were directed
against government and associated facilities,
including security and police installations, and
businesses associated with weapons production and
nuclear power. (b)(3)
At a conference of terrorist support groups last
winter, the RAF acknowledged it erred in attacking
Rhein-Main Airbase in 1985 and killing an American
serviceman. The RAF modified its tactics during the
year to avoid unintended casualties when it attacked
symbolic targets. The illegal militants, for example,
carried out their bombings at night and provided
warnings. The RAF also concentrated its efforts on
attacking West German interect. largely ignored
US and NATO targets. (b)(3)
West German police scored two noteworthy successes
against the RAF last year, but the pace of attacks
throughout the fall indicated these arrests had no
immediate impact on the group's effectiveness. The
RAF probably will continue to be among Western
Europe's most active and lethal homegrown terrorist
groups.
(b)(3)
�Sespet�
DI TR 87-004
26 February 1987
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The RZ
West Germany's other major terrorist organization,
the Revolutionary Cells (RZ), carried out eight
attacks in 1986 in its campaign against Bonn's new
restrictions on applicants for political asylum. The
group attacked Harald Hollenberg, chief of the West
Berlin Foreigners Registry Office, in October. This
marked only the second attack against a government
official the group has undertaken. The RZ normally
attempts to avoid personal injury in its attacks�
mostly bombings�and we do not believe that the
Hollenberg attack signals a change in stratel(b)(3)
France: Action Directe
The French group Action Directe (AD)�the other
component of the Euroterrorist front�continued to
operate as two subgroups that had split earlier, in part
over the issue of cooperating with the RAF. The
"internationalist" wing attempted to assassinate an
industrialist in April and killed the chairman of
Renault in November, the latter attack reminiscent of
a recent RAF murder. This wing advocates closer
coordination with other European groups�sharing
weapons, explosives, and possibly lodgings�but is less
lik)n the RAF to attack US and NATO targets.
(b)(3
The other subgroup�the "domesticalist" wing�
operates independently, bombs unoccupied buildings,
and attacks only French targets, especially those it
refers to as the "organs of repression." The domestic
wing became more lethal after its leader was arrested
last March. We believe it was responsible for the
bombing of a police station where a senior officer was
killed, as well as for the attempted murder of the
rightist mayor of Provins and another attempted
murder in early 1987. The domestic wing also carried
out bombings of firms doing business with South
Africa, and may be linked to the "Black War" group
that bombed similar targets. AD took responsibility
for similar bo'f7j;s'T of other South African
businesses. k u kn
AD activity also took its toll on the French legal
system. An AD terrorist on trial in December forced a
postponement when he threatened the judge and jury.
The government revised a recent counterterrorism
law, allowing such cases to be heard by a panel of
judges after Over half the jurors sought release from
the jury. (b)(3)
Indigenous French Groups
Terrorism by other French groups declined from
previous years. Attacks by separatists of the National
Front for the Liberation of Corsica (FLNC) were
down for the fifth year in a row. French rightists
attacked North African immigrant targets four times,
but a leader and three members of one such group
were killed in Toulon later in the year while
transporting a bomb. The anti-Basque Antiterrorist
Liberation Group (GAL) was much less active last
year than in 1985. This rightwing vigilante group
conducted only three attacks, in February 1986, after
which the French Government began to deport
suspected Basque terrorists, halting the group's
activities. (b)(3)
Quiet in Spain Outside the Pyrenees
Apart from the Basque region, there was little
terrorism in Spain in 1986. The Basque separatist
group Fatherland and Liberty�Military Wing (ETA-
M) remained active. Last year, ETA-M even
expanded its attacks to French targets in retaliation
for closer French-Spanish police cooperation.'
Iraultza, the small anti-NATO terrorist group
composed of radical elements of the extremist Spanish
Basque Communist movement, conducted eight
bombings in 1986, up from four the year before. The
group primarily targets American companies in the
Basque region near Bilbao, setting off bombs late at
night that cause only property damage. The Maoist
urban guerrillas First of October Antifascist
Resistance Group (GRAPO) remained virtually
inactive for the second consecutive year after massive
arrests in January 1985.
(b)(3)
Lull in Portugal
Just across the border, the Portuguese terrorist group
Popular Forces of 25 April (FP-25) staged only two
'See the article "Basque Fatherland and Liberty Terrorism in
1986" on page 23.
20
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international attacks, compared with 10 the previous
year. FP-25 detonated a car bomb at the US Embassy
on 18 February�the only attack on US diplomatic
facilities in Western Europe last year. On 17 May the
group fired a mortar round at the Iberian Atlantic
Command facilif�, 1�ther incident caused any
casualties.
(b)(3)]
FP-25 was more active on the domestic front,
attacking Portugal's tourist industry during the
summer and fall by setting off bombs in the Algarve
resort area. The trials of FP-25's leader, who has
become a national folk hero, and 56 of its members
continued throughout 1986. Late in the year, the
group reportedly spawned an offshoot called the
Armed Revolutionary Organization (ORA) that has
yet to carry out any attacks because it is less v-b-")
(3)
organized and less capable than FP-25. (
(b)(1)
(b)(3)
Greece
Radical leftist terrorists expressed their growing
disapproval of the Papandreou government's domestic
and foreign policies with more attacks on government
targets in 1986. A bombing campaign against
government buildings in October was claimed by both
the Revolutionary People's Struggle (ELA) and the
Revolutionary Organization 17 November. The 17
November group typically commits assassinations�
including that of a Greek businessman last April�
making these bombings a new tactic for the group.
Greek terrorists attacked US citizens less often in
1986, perhaps in part because the Greek Government
21
made US military personnel less visible by issuing
them ordinary license plates. The only two arson
attacks against US-owned vehicles last year occurred
when the distinctive official license plates were still in
use. (b)(3)
Turkey
The most serious new development in anti-Turkish
terrorism last year was the escalating violence of the
separatist Kurdish Workers' Party (PKK) after
Ankara launched an airstrike against the group's
camps in Iraq in August. By October the PKK had
expanded its list of targets to include NATO when it
attacked a radar site in the southeast with rockets and
automatic weapons. The group also carried its
campaign to other West European countries, where it
targeted Turkish officials:
� A young PKK member was arrested in West
Germany in August as he opened a train station
locker containing explosives, weapons, and
ammunition. He apparently planned to attack the
Turkish Consulate General in Hamburg.
� Dutch officials apprehended in late August a PKK
activist who planned to attack a Turkish consulate
in the Netherlands. He was carrying weapons and
explosives at the time of his arrest.
We believe PKK violence will continue this year in
Turkey and abroad as the group continues its struggle
for an independent Kurdish state. Turkish authorities
also continued to arrest members of other indigenous
groups, which probably accounted for their low level
of activity (b)(3)
Italy
By all accounts, 1986 was the quietest year for
terrorism in Italy since 1969. The best-known group,
the Red Brigades (BR), in decline since 1982,
conducted only two attacks last year. The BR
murdered a former mayor of Florence but bungled an
attempt on the life of a government adviser. Last year,
courts convicted hundreds of old-line BR members�
including leaders like Barbara Balzarani and
Seeret
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Armenian Terrorism in 1986
There were few Armenian terrorist attacks last year.
Most Armenian violence during 1986, moreover, was
internecine and probably stemmed from the
longstanding rivalry between the conservative
Armenian Revolutionary Federation (Dashnag Party)
and the leftwing terrorist Armenian Secret Army for
the Liberation of Armenia (ASALA). Several
Dashnag members were killed or kidnaped in Beirut
in 1986 by a group calling itself the "Armenian
Revolutionary Federation-Revolutionary
Movement," probably a covernatne for ASALA.
(b)(3)
Armenians were active elsewhere. ASALA may have
cooperated with the Lebanese Armed Revolutionary
Faction in two major bombing campaigns in Paris.
Farther afield, a car bomb that exploded at the
Turkish Consulate in Melbourne, Australia, in
December seriously damaged the building. The
suicide bomber and an accomplice arrested later had
ties to the Justice Commandos of the Armenian
Genocide (JCAG), a rightwing terrorist group linked
to the Dashnag Party. The Melbourne car bombing
may indicate that Armenian terrorists will renew
their terrorist rnninaign to gain an Armenian
homeland. -(0)(3)
Several trials of Armenian terrorists for attacks
earlier in the decade concluded in 1986. US courts in
Philadelphia and Los Angeles sentenced six JCAG
members for anti-Turkish bombings and one murder.
In November, Monte Melkonian, the leader of the
ASALA�Revolutionary Movement (ASALA-RM),
received a six-year sentence in Paris after being
convicted of forgery and possession of weapons and
explosives. (b)(3)
Surd
Giovanni Senzani�for crimes committed earlier in
the decade. There are now fewer professional
terrorists on the outside, and jailed leaders are no
longer able to order attacks from prison, leaving the
Red Brigades in a weakened position but still capable
of launching sporadic attacks.
(b)(3)
The Benelux Nations
Terrorist activity in Belgium dropped off in 1986.
Arrests of virtually the entire infrastructure of the
Communist Combatant Cells (CCC) in December
1985, followed by raids on safehouses the next month,
set the tone for 1986 and halted the CCC's 15-month
reign of terror. There have been no further attacks by
the group, and the upcoming trials of the CCC
members probably will serve to keep a lid on terrorism
in Belgium for the rest of this year. (b)(3)
There is no cohesive leftwing terrorist movement in
the Netherlands, but there were seven international
terrorist attacks there last year. Most of these were
committed by Middle Eastern groups or new groups
_ppposed to business ties to South Africa.
(b)(3)
Scandinavia
There has been no indigenous terrorism in
Scandinavia, but Olaf Palme's murder heightened the
sense of vulnerability in the region to such attacks.
The assassination in February 1986 of the Swedish
Prime Minister has not been linked firmly to a
terrorist group, but Stockholm police have
aggressively pursued the possible involvement of the
Kurdish Workers' Party. Otherwise, the region
experienced only a few instances of Middle
Eastern�sponsored terrorism.
(b)(3)
22
(b)(3)
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Sccrct
Basque Fatherland Pim 1berty
Terrorism in 1986 (b)(3)
The Military Wing of the Basque Fatherland and
Liberty separatist group (ETA-M) remains adaptable,
dedicated, and resourceful in waging its 18-year
campaign to establish an independent Basque state.
The capture of a major ETA arsenal and hideout in
southern France, coupled with the arrests of several
"Madrid Commando" terrorists, however, was an
unexpected blow to the group's morale and
operational capabilities. Nevertheless, we think these
setbacks are temporary, and fully expect the group to
resume its campaign of terrorist violence against
Madrid and Paris, Spain's new ally in the struggle
against Basque terrorism. (b)(3)
Overview
In 1986, ETA-M was the most active terrorist group
in Western Europe, with 36 international attacks.
Adding attacks against Spanish domestic targets
brings the group's total to 56 incidents last year.
ETA-M has always targeted the Spanish
Government, especially the military and police forces,
but in 1986 it also began to attack French interests in
Spain. This accounted for the unusually high number
of international incidents attributed to the group and
gave ETA the lion's share of all international terrorist
acts committed in Spain last year. ETA-M's tactics
changed little in 1986: bombings comprised over two-
thirds of its attacks, and the group also conducted
armed attacks and committed arson. ETA continued
to use kidnaping, theft, and extorti71ll its coffers
and intimidate the local populace k u)k�)
ETA-M extended its operational reach beyond the
Basque provinces, Madrid, and Mediterranean resort
areas to include other cities:
� On 13 September 1986, ETA-M detonated a car
bomb near a civil guard patrol in Barcelona,
injuring three guards and a passerby. The attack
occurred shortly before Barcelona was selected as
host city for the 1992 Olympics.
23
� On 2 February 1987, ETA-M staged a successful
car-bomb attack against a military bus in Zaragoza,
killing two persons and wounding 40 others in its
first attack in that city.
The broadening of operations, however, does not
appear to have diluted its efforts elsewhere. ETA-M's
activity was especially deadly in Madrid, where 22
persons died. The majority of ETA-M's international
attacks, however, still occurred on the group's home
turf in the Basque region. (b)(3)
Setbacks for ETA-M
ETA-M was hurt by the active and successful
campaign waged by Spanish and French police, who
cooperated more closely last year than ever before.
Moreover, the group's more violent tactics may be
tarnishing its image among the Basque people. A
Spanish amnesty program has been highly successful:
nearly 200 ETA members have taken advantage of
the program, which pardons terrorists who have not
been involved in blood crimes and who renounce
violence. ETA-M's leaders attempted to forestall
further defections by assassinating a former leader, a
young mother of two, who joined the amnesty
program. The brutal murder�gunmen shot her in
front of her children at a festival�may have lost
ETA-M popular support and, at least temporarily.
affected its ability to recruit new members (b)(3)
Better Spanish-French counterterrorist cooperation
dealt the group major blows last year. ETA-M
previously used France as a sanctuary from which the
group conducted operations across the border into
Spain. French security services last year cracked
down on the group's activities in southern France,
turning over 30 terrorists to Spain for prosecution and
expelling others of the 200 members who had been
active there
(b)(3)
--Serrer--
DI TR 87-004
26 February 1987
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International Terrorist Incidents by ETA-M in 1986
lirCantabria
Bay of Biscay
Algarta
Las Arenas
Bilbao
�
Basque
Area
MADRID
it*
Spain
Sevilla
, \-
Stroll of Gibraltar (U.K.)
Gibraltar�, ceut.
vsp Melilla
(Sp.)
Morocco
(b)(3)
San
Sebastian
bran Re eria
. tam
) Guiptizcoa
France
Vaqueire-
Beret
Andorra
Barcelona
Algeria
O 300 Kilometers
I
O 300 MileS
24
Flo
Labourd
wagon
Soule
- International boundary
Spanish autonomous
region boundary
--- Spanish province
boundary
Former French internal
administrative
boundary
Road
- Rail
Site of terrorist attack
40 Kilometers
:10 Miles
709681 03003481 3-87
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ETA-M bombing of Civil Guard bus in Madrid,
14 July 1986(u)
United Press @
Joint cooperation, moreover, led to the discovery of a
major ETA-M arms cache in southern France, last
November, and the arrests of several ETA-M leaders.
Police confiscated large amounts of cash, weapons,
explosives, and documents detailing the group's
finances, structure, and operational plans. Spanish
officials hailed the raid as the single most important
(b)(3)against ETA in the group's 18-year history.
The Madrid Commando
The Spanish national police scored an important
victory when they arrested nine of the estimated 12
members of the violent Madrid Commando unit on
16 January 1987. The Commando, active since the
early 1980s, was responsible for some of the most
spectacular terrorist operations of ETA-M last year.
The police acted on information gained from the
November raid and on careful Spanish and French
intelligence work during the past months:
� Spanish officials believe the Commando carried out
a rocket attack on the Spanish Defense Ministry
building last summer.
� Police believe the unit was also responsible for two
attacks on Civil Guard vehicles that killed 18
guards and for murdering three military officers in
1986.
� The Madrid Commando staged an abortive attempt
on the life of the Spanish Judiciary Council
President Hernandez-Gil
(b)(3)
25
The police raid apparently foiled ETA plans to attack
a French-built shopping center in Spain. The police
reportedly uncovered information on ETA-M's
operational plans, targets, safehouses, weapons, and
explosives. It is too early to tell if the Madrid
Commando is in total disarray. We believe rank-and-
file members�rather than key leaders�were
arrested in the roundup, leaving the possibility that
the Madrid group may still be able to stage attacks.
(b)(3)
ETA Strikes Back
In retaliation for the French crackdown last year,
ETA began a wave of terrorist attacks against French
property in Spain. French trucks were machine-
gunned during the winter and spring, and French-
registered vehicles were burned almost daily during
the summer and early fall. French car showrooms
were also hit. After the November raid, ETA-M
began to attack larger businesses, causing numerous
injuries and one death. ETA-M also focused the
attacks on French beach resorts, and late last year
planted bombs at sk'(b)(35 hotels that are partially
French owned
Prospects
ETA-M must struggle if it is to regain the momentum
it had in 1983. That year ETA-M was responsible for
165 attacks�international and domestic�almost
triple the 1986 level. The group has demonstrated
enormous staying power over the years, however, and
almost certainly will remain a challenge to Spanish
and French police. French-Spanish cooperation
against ETA-M is likely to continue, moreover, and
could spur more indiscriminate and lethal attacks
against both French and Spanish interests. (b)(3)
(b)(3)
�1Sectiet�_
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Selected Chronology of ETA-M
International Terrorist Incidents in 1986
-(b)(3)
20 April Police defuse a bomb at US-owned building in Bilbao. Building housed Spanish-
American Cultural Association.
15 May Bomb explodes at Renault car dealership in Eibar, near Bilbao, destroying two
cars.
17 May Basque separatists machine-gun French truck near San Sebastian.
19 June Bomb explodes in Sevilla hotel, injuring one person. Two other hotels were
evacuated after receiving bomb threats. This was the ninth bomb in ETA-M's
campaign to disrupt the tourist season.
20 July Three cars with French license plates and an Army jeep burned in San Sebastian.
No injuries reported.
22 July French-registered vehicle burned in San Sebastian.
16 August French car burned in San Sebastian.
18 August Showroom of French firm Peugeot-Talbot firebombed in Navarre area.
30 August ETA-M firebombs French-registered vehicle in Bilbao.
31 August ETA-M burns three French-registered vehicles in San Sebastian. The attack
followed the burning of two vehicles belonging to ETA-M sympathizers in nearby
Renteria the previous night.
3 October
9 October
18 October
19 October
20 October
Bomb attack outside French car showroom in San Sebastian causes some property
damage but no injuries. ETA suspected.
French car showroom bombed in San Sebastian, shattering windows but causing
no injuries.
Bombs explode in five French-owned car showrooms in Bilbao, slightly injuring
four persons including a policeman. Explosions caused extensive property damage.
Bomb explodes at French-owned sporting goods firm in Manresa, near Barcelona,
causing slight damage but no injuries.
Two bombs explode simultaneously at French-owned electronics firm in
Barcelona, causing some damage but no injuries. ETA-M is suspected.
26
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�5'esQL
23 October
5 November
Two bombs explode at French-owned brewery warehouse in San Sebastian,
causing extensive damage but no injuries. ETA-M is suspected.
French police raid ETA-M hideout in southern France, arresting two key
members, and seizing extensive records of group's activities, membership, and
extortionist fundraising.
10 November French car showroom bombed in Zarauz, causing damage but no injuries.
25 November Bomb explodes at Peugeot-Talbot car showroom in Bilbao, causing widespread
damage but no injuries.
29 November French car showroom in San Sebastian bombed on eve of Basque elections. The
explosion damaged the Peugeot showroom but no one was injured.
11 December Explosive device damages Citroen car showroom in Barcelona, injuring four
people.
12 December Bomb explodes at Renault car showroom in Zarauz, seriously injuring one woman.
16 December Two bombs explode outside French businesses in Barcelona, injuring 28 people and
causing considerable damage.
19 December Incendiary bomb explodes at French factory in Bilbao, completely destroying the
facility.
24 December Spanish civil guard killed while disarming an explosive planted in a French-owned
supermarket near San Sebastian.
25 December ETA-M plants GOMA-2 bomb that explodes at French-owned hotel in Madrid.
The explosion caused substantial property damage but no injuries.
28 December ETA-M claims responsibility for bomb explosion at French car dealership in
Basque region that seriously injures one woman and causes property damage. This
was the only holiday attack not preceded by a warning phone call.
29 December
Reverse Blank
ETA-M bomb explodes at ski resort in the Pyrenees while King Juan Carlos and
his family are vacationing at nearby private lodge. French skiers frequent the
resort.
(b)(3)
27
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--S-Etret,
December
4 and 5 December
31 December
Early January
2 January
3 January
Chronology of Terrorism-1986/1987
(b)(3)
Below are described noteworthy foreign and international events involving
terrorists, or the use of terrorist tactics, which have come to light since our last
issue. In some cases, the perpetrators and their motivations may not be known.
Events and developments that hav-1---dy been described elsewhere in this
publication are not included. (b)(3)
Portugal: Prime Minister signs decree streamlining counterterrorism effort.
Greater cooperation among the various agencies in the fight against terrorism is
anticipated. The armed forces were not given a direct role although they will share
intelligenceP)(3)
Italy: Disgruntled Communist Revolutionary Committee (CCR) member arrested
in Ventimiglia. Emanuele Greco was arrested as he attempted to enter the country
with false identification. He then led police to a weapons cache. The CCR is one of
several Red Brigades splinter groups. (b)(3)
West Germany: Arson attack on police vehicle and police station in Bielefeld
causes about $250,000 in damages. There were no injuries. A previously unknown
group called "Wooli" claimed responsibility for the incident. (b)(3)
Denmark: Police arrest two Danish nationals for the bombing of the Soviet
Embassy in Copenhagen last December. The youths, aged 16 and 18, confessed to
the bombing and are implicated in other incidents in which explosive devices were
left in playgrounds. The 18-year-old male, an activist in the conservative party (bp)
youth wing, wanted to call attention to the Soviet occupation of Afghanistan.
West Germany: Bomb detonates outside British military airport in West Berlin,
causing some damage but no injuries. Environmentalists have focused on the
airport since tree cutting to clear the runway approaches began last summer. No
one, however, claimed responsibility for the bombing. (b)(3)
West Germany: Arsonists attack Free Democratic Party (FDB) offices in
Wiesbaden. The fire caused about $100,000 in damages but no injuries. Two
unidentified yout,1: \-70-7, seen running from the scene. There has been no claim of
responsibility. kij)k`))
29
--Steret�--
DI TR 87-004
26 February 1987
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(b)(3)
9 January
13 January
16 January
17 January
18 January
Iraq: Islamic Action Organization claims it destroyed munitions convoy in
(b)(3) Baghdad. A large number of Iraqi military were reportedly killed in the explosion.
South Africa: Two limpet mines explode almost simultaneously at a central
Johannesburg department store. The explosion caused extensive damage but no
casualties. Management at the store had been involved in a bitter wage dispute
with black workers. The African National Congress claimed responsibility (b)(3)
Portugal: Nine grenades found at University of Lisbon. The university is located
approximtPli, 1 kilometer from the US Embassy. No one took credit for the
devicesf(b)(3)
West Germany: Suspected rightwing militant killed while testing bomb in
Gottingen apartment. Police found large quantities of weapons, explo:63)(3)
incendiaries, and rightwing and Nazi literature in the apartment.
Philippines: Suspected New Peoples Army (NPA) guerrillas attack radio station.
NPA guerrillas deternated a grenade and opened fire inside a popular radio station
in the southern Philippines, injuring three persons. (b)(3)]
Pakistan: A bomb explodes in a bus carrying Afghan refugees to the University of
Peshawar, wounding 11 persons. Police said a 2-kilogram bomb had been placed in
a lunchbox among the passengers' luggage and exploded just after the vehicle left
the city's bt,..th +ion. Authorities suspect that the Afghan secret police was
responsible. b)(3)
Sri Lanka: A parcel bomb explodes on a crowded public bus near the town of
Badulla, killing seven persons and wounding at least 50 others. Although no
group has claimed responsibility, this attack is similar to a number of incidents
perpetrated by the Tamil separatist group called the "Eelam Revolutionary
Organization of Students." (b)(3)
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Italy: Twenty persons go on trial for 1980 Bologna railway station bombing. The
defendants, members of rightwing terrorist groups, are charged with subversive
activity, conspiracy to commit mass murder, and membership of an armed gang.
T1-1 b bombing killed more than 80 persons in Italy's most lethal terrorist incident.
()(3)
Japan: Three projectiles are fired from a parked car at a Tokyo police station. The
building sustained minor damage, and there were no injuries. Based on the
co-1�^fion of the projectiles, police strongly suspect the leftist radical Chukaku-
ha(b)(3)�
21 January
January
24 January
27 January
27 January
Argentina: Bomb damages Intransigent Party Headquarters in the Flores District
in Buenos Aires, causing extensive There were no reported injuries and
no group has claimed responsibility. (b)(3)
Italy: Small bombs explode outside two politicians' homes in Bolzano, causing
slight damage but no injuries. Two suspected memb-- he South Tyrol
separatist movement "Heimatbund" were arrested.�(b)(3)1
Spain: Several thousand people rally in Bilbao, demanding amnesty for suspected
terrorists living in France. The marchers also were protesting recent French
expulsions of Spanish Basque refugees. The National Committee of the radical
bnalist party, Herri Batasuna, was one of the organizers of the peaceful march.
(
(b)(3)
France: Bomb explodes in offices of magazine Irn_ `-/)Trg., Afrique in Paris. There were
no injuries and no claim of responsibility. u)
Italy: Supreme Appellate Court issues final ruling on the 1969 Milan bank
bombing known as the Piazza Fontana massacre. The court upheld the acquittals
of three neofacists and an anarclq)-(3-iised of planting a bomb, which killed 16
persons and injured 88 others.
French Guiana: Bomb explodes in Cayenne at the French Government's Forestry
Administration building, causing structural damage but no injuries. No group
has claimed responsibility, although radical separatists may be behind the
bombing. (b)(3)
29 January West Bank: Jewish extremists vandalize Arab cars in East Jerusalem. The tires of
25 cars were slashed (b)(3)
31
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30 January
1 February
Italy: Leaders of Sardinian Armed Movement (MAS) arrested after shootout in
Mamoiada. Annino Mele was carrying a gun and five handr,s at the time of
his arrest. MAS has been linked to the Red Brigades. (b)(3)
(b)(3)
Spain: Car bomb attack on military bus in Zaragoza kills two persons, injures 41
others. The Basque group Fatherland and Liberty Military Wing claimed
reQnnnsibility for the incident as part of its operation to harass the Spanish Army.
(b)(3)
France: Car explodes in front of school in Marseille, killing its two occupants.
The cause of the explosion is unknown. A similar explosion last summer in Nice
killed four members of a rightvrigl 1b-)-(-1-3--)on their way to bomb a target connected
to North African immigrants.
France: Another suspected Basque Fatherland and Liberty organization member is
expelled. French police handed Ignacio Irastroza Mn "f;" over to Spanish
authorities at the border in Hendaye, France. (b)(3)
(b)(3)
Italy: Two Jordanians arrested in June 1986 released from Genoa prison because
of lack of evidence. Awni Hindawi was accused of belonging to an armed band
after his cousin, Nezar Hindawi, was arrested for trying to blow up an El Al
airliner in London last year. Also released was arms dealer Adnan Rousan, who
probably fled the country shortly +ter. He failed to keep a probationary
appointment on 13 February. (b)(3)
Afghanistan: A car bomb explodes near an office of the Ministry of State Security
in Kabul, killing at least four persons and injuring some 20 others. Windows
within 500 meters of the explosion were blown out. Included in the area affected
by the blast were the Consular Office of the Indian Embassy, a major Soviet
military hospital, the Ministry of Interior, the Indonesian Charge's residence and
the residence of the US Charge. (b)(3)
32
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3 February
4 February
5 February
6 February
7 February
Spain: Bomb explodes at Swiss pharmaceutical corporation in Bilbao. The blast
caused material damage but no injuries. The same day, police defuse a bomb at a
Renault office in Baracaldo. Th no-que Fatherland and Liberty Military wing
probably was responsible. (b)(3)
Four Basque Fatherland and Liberty suspects moved from Pau prison to jails in
the Paris region. The four are awaiting extradition to Spain. (b)(3)
Belgium: Authorities in Mons arrest two women who are suspected members of an
Italian leftist terrorist group. They are believed to be members of the Combatant
Communist Unit that committed terrorist acts in the early 1980s. (b)(3)
Spain: Galician separatists detonate bombs in seven northwestern towns, causing
little damage to regional banks and no injuries. The Galician Free People's Army
claimed responsibility protesting the detention of three members of the group. (b)(3)
South Africa: A bomb explodes in a bus shelter near an estate frequented by South
African President P. W. Botha and senior members of his Cabinet. Police suspect
that a limpet mine planted by `11-bVicican National Congress was responsible. One
woman was slightly injured
Austria: Arab and Palestinian students occupy Arab League Mission in Vienna to
protest attlisi\-1-3)-1 refugee camps in Lebanon. The takeover was accomplished
peacefully
West Germany: Bomb explodes at Asylum Seekers' registration office in West
Berlin. There were no injuries mt^,^,ty slight damage. The Revolutionary Cells
(RZ) claimed responsibility.
El Salvador: Armed terrorists hijack San Salvador bus. The hijackers left
subversive literature and fled following a brief firefight. No injuries
were reported. (b)(3)
Belgium: Molotov cocktails thrown at Syrian Embassy. An anonymous caller
claimed the firebombs were thrown in revengiSOfsieged Palestinian camps in
Lebanon, and to protest the Assad regime.
Italy: Two Italians, kidnaped by the Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Army in
December, returned home. The Italians said they were treated well by their
captors. Several Ethiopians captured with them were also freed. [(b)(3)
33
ThL
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(b)(1)
(b)(3)
9 February
10 February
West Bank: Riots at Balatah Refugee Camp result in injuries to seven Arab 1--b--\-1-
two Israelis. Nine youths were ordered detained for three to six monthsl
Colombia: Leftist guerrillas bomb three pipelines in Colombia. The bombings
interrupted the flow of oil from the country's largest oil field. The attacks, largely
directed against foreign firms, have caused $50 million in damage since 1984. (b)(3)
Italy: Parliament approves bill for reducing jail sentences for reformed terrorists.
The new law, aimed at guerrillas who have renounced violence and severed ties
with terrorist groups, cuts life sentences to 30 years and other sentences by 25
percent. The not apply to those convicted for attacks that have killed
several personsik u)k"))
11 February West Bank: Fivo luolotov cocktails damage Israeli bus in Galandiyah. There were
no injuries (b)(3)
13 February
West Bank: Israeli authorities charge Arab truck drivers with smuggling weapons
b )(3
--td explosives from Jordan. Bridges were closed for two days to tighten security.
()
15 February Israel: Car bomb explodes pre(b)(3)Iy in Kefar Sava injuring two Arabs. The
PLO claimed responsibility.
16 February
Colombia: Police kill a commander of the leftist Popular Liberation Army (EPL),
Jairo de Jesus Calvo, during a gunbattle. The EPL has bombed Colombian
Government and military facilities, including several in Bogota during January
198'(b)(3)
17 February Iran: Mujahedin-e Khalq assassinates Education Ministry official. The victim
was the personal representative of Ayatollah Khomeini in the city of Kerman
Iran: Bombing in Mashhad wounds President Khamenei's brother. The
Mujahedin-e Khalq claimed responsibility�(b)(3)�
(b)(3)
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o
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