N. KOREAN PATROL BOATS SEIZE U.S. SPY SHIP WITH 83 ABOARD

Document Type: 
Collection: 
Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): 
06638269
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RIFPUB
Original Classification: 
U
Document Page Count: 
188
Document Creation Date: 
December 28, 2022
Document Release Date: 
August 31, 2018
Sequence Number: 
Case Number: 
F-2017-00205
Publication Date: 
January 29, 1968
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Body: 
Approved for Release: 2018/06/22 C06638269 � FBIS Aar% 19 (4 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269-- -- Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 � � N. Korean Patrol Boats Seize U.S. Spy Ship With 83 Aboard �US. Navy Fhota This is the USS Pueblo seized by the North Koreans today. NOUN KOREA .-213 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 U.S.S. Pueblo Believed Taken Into Red Port Communists Also Seen Stepping Up Attacks in South By BERNARD G1VERTZMAN Stvr Stall Writer A U.S. Navy intelligence ship with 83 men aboard was cap- tured by North Korean patrol boats today amid signs of step- ped-up Communist military ac4 tivity in South Korea. The Navy ship apparently Was taken to a North Vietnam port., The Defense Department said the USS Pueblo, a 179-foot "in-, telligence collection auxiliary ship" carrying two 50 caliber machine guns, was surrounded by four North Korean patrol boats and boarded by an armed' party while MIG aircraft flew overhead. The incident took place short- ly before midnight last night. EST (about 2 p.m. Tuesday, Korean time) about 25 miles off the North Korean coast, the Pentagon said. This would have. placed the Pueblo in interna.,' tional�or open�waters. The Pueblo radioed that it, was being forced to proceed to the North Korean port of Won- san, and it was presumed that. It was being held there. The Pueblo radioed that it did; not fire its weapons. There were unconfirmed reports, however, that there were some wounded.. aboard. "Utmost Gravity" Secretary of State Dean Rusk; coed 'Azure on international', waters "a matter of utmost gravity." Rush said the United States1 was hallowing up through avail- able diplomatic channels to so- cure the immediate release ofr the ship end the crew. First word from North Korear on that incident was a broad- cast from Pyongyang Radio claiming that North Korea had; captured "an armed spy boat oil the U.S. imperialist aggressor; force which intruded way into the territorial waters of the re-i public and was carrying ou0 hostile activities." Coincidental with the capture .of the Pueblo Radio Pyongyang, also broadcast claims that' "armed guerrilla units" had at-, tacked sentry posts of the U.S. 2nd Infantry in South Korea., There was no immediate con- firmation here, but there were reports from Seoul of sporodic' ,raids in the northern part of South Korea. Moscow's Aid Asked State Department sources said the Soviet Union has been asked to convey a U.S. demand for . the immediate release of the', ship and crew. It is also expected that the Military Armistice Conunis- sion which is set up to super- vise the 1953 Korean armistice will be called to discuss not, See SHIP, Page A4 SHIP N. Koreans Seize U.S. Vessel, 83 Men Continued From Page A-i only the ship incident but also the rash of Communist military activity in South Korea. The Message Many details on the capture. are lacking. but according to the Defense Department announce- ment, this is what happened: At approximately 10 p.m. EST yesterday a North Korean pa- trol boat approached the Pueblo about 25 miles off the North Ko- rean coast. Using international flag sig- nals, the North Korean boat ask- ed the Pueblo to identify its na- tionality. The Pueblo identified itself as a U.S. ship. Continuing to use flag signals, the patrol boat said "Heave to, or I will open fire on you." The Pueblo replied: "I am in International waters." 'The patrol boat circled the Pueblo. About an hour later, three additional patrol craft appear- ed. One of them ordered: "Follow In My wake; I have a pilot aboard." The four ships closed in on the! Pueblo, taking different posi-I lions on her bow, beam and I quarter. Red Planes Overhead Two MIG aircraft were also sighted by the Pueblo's crew circling off the starboard bow. One of the patrol craft began backing toward the bow of the Pueblo with fenders rigged. An armed boarding party was standing on the bow. The Pueblo radioed at 11:45 pen. EST that she was being boarded by North Koreans, the Defense Department said. At 12:10 a.m. EST today the Pueblo reported that she had been requested to follow the North Korean ship into Wonsan and that she had not used any weapons. The final message from the Pueblo was sent at 12:32 a.m. It reported that it had come to "all stop" and that it was "go- ing off the air." The Pueblo had reported that the hoarding took place at 127 degrees, 54.3 minutes east longi- tude; 39 degrees, 25 minutes north latitude. The Ship The Pueblo has a complement of 83 men, including six officers, 75 enlisted men and two civil- ians. It is designated as the AGR-2 and is described as a modified light cargo ship (AEI). The Pu- eblo is 179 feet long and 33 feet wide with a displacement of 906 tons. It has a 10.2 foot draft. Its maximum speed is 12.2 knots. Nebraskan Is Skipper The skipper of the Pueblo was Identified by the Pentagon as Commander Lloyd Mark Bucher of Lincoln, Neb. - Navy sources said the term "auxiliary" used in the ship's identification serves to indicate that it is an auxiliary to the fleet and not a combat ship. It is said to have various elec- tronic and oceanographic equip� ment aboard, presumably allow-J ing it to monitor radio traffic as! well as to take soundings on the � possible presence of submarines . and other ships in the area. e The incident�the gravest sea confrontation since the Gulf of ! Tonkin attacks in August l564� is the latest in a series of prov- ocations from North Korea over! the past year. Just a day before, a band of North Koreans sneaked into Seoul and apparently tried to storm the Blue House, the home' of the South Korean chief of state, but were detected and, driven off in a gun battle. i There is no solid information on why the North Koreans have decided to increase the tempo of their activity after years of generally quiet adherence to the 1953 armistice. North Korean leader Kim 11. Song, however, has constantly 'called for broad international. support for North Vietnam, and it could be that this is a diver- sionary effort to try and weaken the U.S. effort in Vietnam. The North Koreans are pre- sumably embarrassed by the , fact that South Korea has con- tributed two divisions to the al- lied effort in Vietnam while they have done nothing even compar- able. The North Koreans are said to have trained some North Vietnamese pilots and supplied some aircraft. Memories of June 8 In a way, today's incident brought memories of another crisis, when another U.S. ship, the Liberty, was attacked by; Israeli planes and torpedo boats* in the Mediterranean last June 8 �during the Arab-Israeli war� and 34 Americans were killed and over 100 others injured. The White House "hot line" Is Moscow was used during that crisis'. The Liberty, a communica- lions ship, was 15 miles north of the Sinai Peninsula, the Pen-, tagon said, when the attack: took place. Israel later offered to make amends for the "tragic inci-I dent." in which the Israelis , claimed no flag was being flown by the vessel. The Defense Department shortly after the incident said that the U.S. could not accept an "attack upon a clearly. marked noncombatant U.S. naval ship in inteenationd waters as 'plausible' under an, circumstances 111111%0611*." Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 � Korean Reds Seize ES. Ship, 83 Men Associated Press United ?rear International The USS Pueblo is shown under way in seized yesterday by North Korean patrol CMDR. L. M. BUCHER this stock Navy photo. The Pueblo was boats and taken to the port of Wonsan. . . Pueblo's captain Val..N.; Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 - � � A U.S. naval task force led by tile nuclear carrier Enterprise was ordered toward North Korean waters early yesterday after four Communist gunboats captured an American intelligence ship and its 83 crewmen. The North Korean boats forced the intelligence ship, the USS Pueblo,( into the port city of Wonsan after the American vessel was captured and boarded by Com- munist crewmen. Capture of the Pueblo took place under a cover of Mig fighter planes in international waters 16 nautici...I miles off the North Korean coast, accordi;:g to the De- fense Department. The North Koreans claimed the ship .wash within its 12-mile territorial limit. In the aftermath of the spisode the United States in- formed South Korea last night that it had decided to take "certain initial measures" in response to the seizure of the Pueblo. Ambassador William J. Porter conveyed the word to South Korean Premier Chung 11Kwon in Scol.;i. � Steaming toward the crisis � _ _ . scene alongside the Enterprise Is the nuclear-powered frigate Truxtrun, an unspecified num- ber of destroyers and supply ships summoned from Jap- anese ports. Reliable sources reported that air cover for the armada will be drawn, as necessary, f r om fields in Japan. at 20 to 30 knots, Ili,. task force was due by ni:,;b1- fall off North Korea's eastern coast near where the US'S ;Pueblo was seized by the 1North Korean Navy. The Defense Department's !deputy information chief, Dan- iel 1. Henkin, reported lss !night that not until the actual boarding had begun�an hour and 45 minutes after the first 'patrol boars appearance�did �the Pueblo's skipper radio foci help. In the Defense 'DepartmeliC � � view, the .Puebbo's captain 'acted entirely on his own in 'electing to heave to and sur- render witliPut a fight. At no time, Henkin said, did the skipper ask permission to scut- tle his ship rather than sec it fail into North Korean hands. Ilenkin said the skipper, Cmdr. Lloyd M. Bucher, sent .two messages indicating that four crewmen were wounded, one critically. Although North Korea claims its territorial waters lextend outward 12 miles, the United States only recognizes a three-mile limit. The geo- graphic coordinates released by the Pentagon indicate the Pueblo was approximately 15 miles from the mouth of the Wonsan harbor when the North Korean patrol boats closed in on her. Reliable sources reported the Pueblo lay quiet with en- gines off as first one, then three additional patrol boats !took up positions around her. With her sophisticated elec- tronic and acoustic monitoring devices, the intelligence ship probably heard the North Ko- rean craft as they approached In broad daylight. It is not known whether the Pueblo's crew had a chance to See PUEBLO, A6, Col. 1 kcd on the high seas by a reign power with which this Nation was not actively at war. " In recent years, however, D.S intelligence ships operat- Carrier Enterprise Leads a Task Fleet Ordered Into Area destroy the ship's top-seeretlEast, heard the news at 12:30 intelligence equipment before a.m. their capture. However, almost! There was r.3 word last, all such devices feature a fnight as to when Secretary of "destruct" switch that triggers Defense Robert S. McNamara a self-contained charge of ex-or other top Pentagon officials plosive for use during emer-j were alerted or whether they gerteies. had given the ship any orders. President Johnson was Not since Feb. 4, 1862, has awakened between 2 and 2:30 a-U.S. naval vessel been cap- a.m. yieterday, according to etledareast= tureo:t. lmnha White !House Press Secretary cutter, damaged by Confed- Gcorge4Christian. He said that erate shore fire, was captured presidential aide Walt W. Ros- in Galveston harbor. taw had done so to give him But naval historians could an "advisory" as to what had ilia cite a single instance of occurred. At that hour, the. an American ship's being hi- ship hid gone off the air and been taken to the North Ko- rean port of Wonsan. Secretary of State Dead Rusk was aletted througif the State Departrhent's opeMAng off the North Korean tions center around midnigV; eoast have been haraseed by Washington time. Assistoitt the North Korean navy. This Secretary William P. Burnt, caused speculation yaltterday, whose area is all of the Far , that the Pueblo' a4skipper A, e, This detailed U.S. Mr Force map shows the spot where U.S. officials say the, DSS Pueblo was captured in international waters by North Korean patrol boats. The heavy dotted line across Korea is the 1953 cease� Lire line between North and South Korea. E:4 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 S � 'Pueblo, Using international 'signals, it requested the. Pueb- lo's nationality. The Pueblo into and out of South Korea 'identified herself as a U.S.. on temporary tours of duty. Iship. Continuing to use flag More often than not, these .signals, the patrol boat said: squadrons are -blfied at K-55, I 'Heave to or I will open fire on you.' The Pueblo repliedlaonsaanirn lia,ase near the village of about 30 nautical 'I am in international wa- 'miles south of Seoul. ' ters.' The patrol boat circled: As fighters fly, K-55 is just i the Pueblo." � 117 minutes from the spot 1 (It was learned yesterday 'where the Pueblo encountered that one or more of the Ko. trouble. Other major air bases rean craft carried batteries of �K-8 at Kunsan and K-2 at 40-mm. cannon, more than a Taegu--are less than half an match for the Pueblo's 50-cal.' machine guns.) hour by jet from the same .spot. The Pentagon announce-: K-55, moreover, can carnmu- :rent continued: . nicate with the powerful U.S. "Approximately one hour ,radar station perched atop a later, three additional patrollbluff on Paengnyong-do Island craft appeared. One of them !in the 'Yellow Sea. ordered: 'Follow in my wake;.the site's nickname, sits a mile! I have a pilot aboard.' The :south of the 38th parallel Mil four ships closed in on the, the west coast of North Korea. I Pueblo, taking different posi- I It is understood this Ground' tions on her bow, beam and I Control Intercept radar is quarter. Two ...Wig aircraft 'powerful enough to reach' wore also sighted by the across North Korea and pick Pueblo circling off the star-:up hostile aircraft in the area board bow. :being patrolled by the Pueblo.; "One of the patrol craft Yet there is no evidence U.S. began backing toward the bow fighters were scrambled to of the Pueblo with fenders .ward off the North Korean pa. ri.;.ged. An armed boarding :trot boats and their Mig-17 party was.. standing on the: fighter cover. how. "The Puublo radioed at 11:45 p.m.: t.4..t she was being boarded by lskrth Koreans. "At 12:10: a.m. EST today (Tuesday), the Pueb10.44, re- ported that she had higlif re- might rot have suspected:at least one hour and 45 min- arta too late, that the patrol: utes notice that the Pueblo craft intended more than a!was in serious trouble. Even , through its captain did not re- minor provocation.. Icolest immediate aid, that much In a terse statement, the Del time elopsed between the op- lense Department released thelpearance of the first North following account of the Pueb..1Korean patrol boat and the les capture: 'boarding of the Puebla "At approximately 10 n S fighters failed to lres.cTue the. beleaguered ship EST (Monday) a North Korean ;raising the question, why? patrol boat approached the i The U.S. 5th Air Force, whose jurisdiction includes Korea, customarily rotates fighter squadrons from Japan The capture of the Pueblo 'was reminiscent of the 1964 Tonkin Gulf incident in whichl North Vietnamese torpedo boats reportedly attacked two! U.S. destroyers. President Johnson retaliated by order- quested to follow tha North log U.S. fighter-bombers to Korean ships into Wonsan and I destroy the North Vietnamese that she had not used any:bases from which 'such craft weapons. operated. � "The final message from the This raid, the first on North Pueblo was sent at 1232 am. Vietnam, preceded by six It reported that it had come to months the beginning of sus- 'all stop' and that it was 'going tamedhombing attacks. off the air."' The North Korean prornotly charged Lie Pueblo, was a "spy ship" ergaged in. "hostile activities" Inside its. 'territorial waters. Radio Pyon- gyang also linked the Pueblo's presence off Wonsan to recent [raids on the South Korean !capital of Seoul by unidenti- fied insurgents. North Korea alleged that as a result of the roic14. which. :t said was carried out by South :Korean guerrillas. U.S. arid � South Korean authorities had: I gone into a "fit of frenzy."' The guerrillas, Radio Pyon- I gyang said, had fired "thou- sands of rounds" of small :arms and artillery across the' 'demilitarized zone during' their alleged attempt to assas- sinate South Korean President �I Park Chung Hee. I Barring a communications! broakdown. U.S. 5th Air Force! : headquarters near T01;y3 had NORTH � KOREA )f � .:""Pyongyalig � f " \`�� qr. Sesul es.." SOUTH KOREA Pusan I� : if U 5 $.-}r'c. Illadivottok 4 HONSHU SHIKOKU KYUSHU Sin, 24, 1968 Wulannton P0,1 9140 by Steve Mutt Map. shows approximate position of the 1:SS Pueblo when it was seized by North Korean patrol boats and taken to the port of Wonsan. The nuclear carrier Enter- prise, which had just left Sasebo, Japan,. and other U.S. vessels were reported moving toward North Korea. Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 LAI to Try Diplomacy First To Free Ship and Its Crew Sly Chalmers Wnicr President Johnson has avail- able both diplomatic and mill- tare Options in his efforts to secure the return of the Amer- ican ship and its crew seized by North Korea. Admiuistratiou off icia Is stressed last night that he had made no decision on what step know whether the diplomatic to take next. First he wants to efforts will succeed. If they fail; ;he now has the option of using' 'Ills massive military power. 'moved yesterday into the Sea of � Japan off North Korea. - 'The officials indicated that, some decision is possible! !shortly on military action if the North Koreans do not promptly release the Pueblo' and its crew. These officials said last 'night that whether there is a new war between the United :States and North Korea is ,Wholly up to the Communists. A National Security Council meeting is scheduled for 1 p.m. today at the White House at which there is expected to be an assessment of the diplo- matic efforts to win release of the Pueblo. At a meeting of the Korean Mixed Armistice Commission lust night, Washington time, at Panmunjom on the line which divides North from South Korea, the United States de- manded the return of the ship and crew. American Bear Admiral .7ohn V. Smith also demanded an apology from the North Koreans. He called seizure of the Pueblo "the most heinous crime" since the outbreak of the Korean War in 1950. Smith coupled the ship inci- dent with the rising number of North Korean incursions into South Korea across the demilitarized zone and he :warned that if they continued , the responsibility for the .consequences would rest on :the North Koreans. ; The United States also has 'moved on the diplomatic front to free the ship by asking the Soviet Union to intervene. A message was given the Rus- Sce EFFECTS, A6, Col. 1 Sians in Moscow yesterday :alertly after the seizure of the vessel. Administration officials yes- terday viewed the Pueblo inci- dent, which caught Washing- ton by total surprise, as the most serious in Korea since the armistice on July 27, 1953,� ended the bloody three-year war. The seizure was character- ized as a "matter of utmost gravty" and the State Depart-. a..ent moved at once for a dip- lomatic solution. The move- ment of the naval force, headed by the nuclear-pow- :d carrier Enterprise al-' :ro.idy was under way by that time. State Department officials terded to believe that the! l'earth Koreans had seized' capon "a target of -opportunity" Sr challenging and 'then seiz- ine; the Pueblo wilach had enen in the � aria tor two These officials mid they did. ref: believe the. ot was part of concerte Communisti plan to open* second front e.gLnat the mated States in! Asia. However, they pointed cut that the � North Koreans eaee stepped up both their in- eiltration of South Korea and the violence of their verbal at-' tacks on the United States! (e'er the last year or so. The Washington reading is, tam the doctrinaire North Ko- rean Communists hope to; spark a guerrilla war in South I Korea which would lead to the! overthrow of the American- supported government in I Seoul and to unification of the' country under Communist rule. Secretary of State Dean Besk told newsmen he consid- ered the incident "a matter of utmost gravity." At the White House it was characterized as a "very serious Situation." Later, in a formal statement, the State Department said the � United States "views this ac- lion by North Korea with utmost gravity.". 'the Department said the United States at once had asked the Soviet Union, via tile American Embassy in Moscow, to help obtain release cf the ship and its crew. It was also announced that the aeizure would be brought up at a meeting of the Mixed Ar- raistice Commission which had been due to meet at 9 o'clock last night on the earlier at- 1,impt by North Korean infil- trators in the South Korean apital of Seoul to kill Presi- cent Park Chung Hoe. At the United Nations, Am- bassador Arthur J. Goldberg lied on C.N. Secretary Gen- eral U Thant to express Amer- ican concern. He said he did not then have sufficient ce- tails to call for any U.N. ace rion. � ture of what occurred, espe- cially the PentagOes failure to explain e. Pueblo had not called1tt- support from bases close by in South Korea, Japan and Okinawa, led many officials to withhold judgment. While Administration offi- cials spoke of getting the ship and the men back as quickly as possible, there was no cer- tainty that this would oecur. North Korea said that the "spy ship" had intruded Mho its territorial. seaters al:to-Jam, the United States said the! Pueblo was 25 miles off there.' The last case of Arneeicea servicemen beinq captured was in 1993 when two Arm, helicopter pilots were forced down north of the Korean di- viding line. They were re- leased a year later. While the United State's em- phasized what it termed 'the seriousness" of "this feeerant. North Korean action en the high seas," North Korea man.- iated what it called the Anwri- can "imperialists" and their ' armed ship." Pyongyang Radio, the offi- cial voice of North Korea, yes- terday boasted of guerrilla raids on American sentry posts along the. Demilitarized Zone which divides the two Koreas., The broadcast said the raids' took place "as the armed' struggle of revolutionary peo- ple spreads everywhere in, South Korea." This has been the North Ko- rean line for some time, claim-, ing that the United States was trying to suppress an uprising of South Koreans. A broadcast, on Jan. 10 charged that four, days earlier "many armed! boats, mingled with fibbing! boats, wider . ttiO escort of armed warships," had in- truded into North Korean coastal waters. The broaddaest Claimed that "escort boat num- ber 56" had been "cant to the bottom" in such an incident a year ago. Earlier broadcasts charges that American reconnaiszeree planes had flown over Norte Korea. American ground pro- vocations also have been charged. On the other hand, a Gold- berg report to the C.N. cmi Nov. 2 stated that as of that time in 1967 there had beet 543 North Korean incidents in violation of the armistice as contrasted to 50 incidents in all of 1966. Goldberg reported that North Korean armed raid, era had invaded the South by both land and sea. These infiltrators in some eases. Goldberg's report stated, had "attempted unsuc- cessful:a, to organtze a form of guerrilla activity." Nearly all of the infiltzatora had been killed or captured, added, by Korean forces. police with "a/111,441W, most of fectiVr as 'n e ci- The lack of a complete pie., vilian popuISIL Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 � � Hill Calls for Action To Recover Seized Ship Congress reacted ang,riiy. yesterday to North Korea's. capture of the American intel- ligence ship, the USS Pueblo. There were calls for mili- tary action to recover the ves- sel and its 82-man crew from the city of Wonsan, where it; was forced into port. Sen. Richard B. Russell (D- Ga.), Chairman of the Senate Armed Services Committee,' called the seizure "almost an act of war." His House coun- terpart, Rep. L. Mendel Rives (D-S.C.), said, "I hope the President will take all neces- sary steps to restore this ship to our fleet." Some, including critics cf the Administration's policy in I Vietnam, suggested that the commitment there was 'responsible for the North 'Korean action. I Sen. J. William Pulbright 'ID-Ark.), Chairman of the For- eign Relations Committee who is quietly probing the 1964 :confrontation in the Tonkin 'Gulf, and Sen. Stuart Syming,- :ton (D-Mo.) said the American .commitment in Vietnam has allowed other countries to move against the U.S. with impunity. Sen. George D. Aiken (R- Vt.) suggested that "North Korea is irritated because South Korea is supplying 40,- 000 troops to South Vietnam." One of the strongest reac- tions came from Rep. Bob Wil- son (R-Calif.), who demanded that the United States take military action "at once" to See REACT, A6, Col. 41 recover the Pueblo and her crew. Wilson also raised three critical questions that were !echbed by a number of legisla- Itors. ' The three that "must he :answered were, he said: N1/4 hy; !wasn't air cover sent? Why .wasn't there "adequate mili- tary protection" for the patrol-I ling Pueblo? Why wasn't the shin scuttled by Its captain and crew before it was boarded by the North Koreans "to prevent our secret intelli- gence equipment from falling Into enemy hands?" Senate Majority Leader Mike Mansfield (D-Mont.) called the seizure "a clear vio- lation of international law" -and said he assumed the Gov- ernment will.rnake "the neces- sary proteSCand objections" through thelgoviet Union and 'Japan, which have diplomatic -relations with North Korea. "This is typical, I think, of things we're going to have a lot more of," Symington said. "The South Koreans are just a few yards away (from North Korea) at the Demilitarized Zone. We've got several divi- sions there. The North Ko- reans are supplied by China, and I guess the Soviet Union.: Maybe it illustrates that when the cat's away the mice wiU play�after all, we're prettyl heavily engaged in Vietnam." Rep. William H. Bates (R- Mass.), senior GOP member of the House Armed Services Committee, condemned the seizure as "a dastardly act of piracy," while Rep. Durward G. Hall (R-1110 said "these provocations" demanded an immediate and forceful re- sponse. Although Russell agreed with Symington's contention that the United States was widely spread militarily around the world, he said the country was "capable of ful- filling any of our commit- ments we may have in Korea and at the same time maintain our posture in Vietnam". House GOP Leader Gerald R. Ford of Michigan said the North Korean should release the ship "forthwith." "If the vessel was cruising in international waters, as was - apparently the case, there is no justification whatever for --{ the action taken by the North' Koreans," he said. Rep. Spark M. Matsunagal W-Hawaii) said the United States should call on the , United Nations to condemn! i"this act of piracy." Outside Congress, the man I who negotiated the 1953 armis- tice in Korea, Gen. Mark W. 'Clark, who is now the presi- Clark, said in Charleston, S.C.,' dent of The Citadel, a military. that the seizure of the Pueblo-school, was a lesson for persons de-. manding negotiations in Viet- ! "It doesn't surprise me. It angers me, of course. But this nam. !isn't the first time the enemy "The conference table is in Korea violated the semis- just an extension of the war' tice. As soon as I signed it for the Communists," saidl they began to violate it." Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 � � An official Navy picture of the I:SS Pueblo. Numbers (explained below) locate the vessel's special equipment. The USS Pueblo An Intelligence Ship The I:SS Pueblo, one of a large fleet of American intelligence-gathering ships, carries millions of dollars worth of secret electronic equipment Its elec- tronic gear enables the crew to listen to land, sea ant, air communications within its surveillance range. Intercepted communications are re- corded on tapes that go ultimately to Washington where experts try to fit them into a world-wide intelligence pattern. By capturing the Pueblo the North Koreans and other Communist powers may well learn about the latest Amer- ican intelligence-ferreting techniques. The above photograph, released by the Pentagon, shows some of the in- telligence equipment that will now be available for North Korean inspection: 1�The twin antennae, called Yagis, showt where signals are coming from 50 other equipment on the ship can focus on there. 2�The long poles appear to support cables for transmitting messages to submerged submarines by means of low frequency radio waves that can penetrate the sea's surface to about 50 feet. 3�The radar equipment appears to be designed for bouncing signals off the troposphere. This gives the ship still another way to listen or transmit messages. This tropospheric communi- cation technique has special advan- tages for eavesdropping on airplanes and their ground controllers. 4�There is a dome-Shaped antenna pointing skyward at this location, bare- ly visible in the photograph. This prob- ably is the chief means of communicat- ing with airplanes and eavesdropping on their conversations. 5�The Pentagon photograph shows a deck winch at this location. But this winch, left over from when the Pueblo acted as an auxiliary, probably has been removed to make room for elec- tronic equipment such as the giant ear used on the USS Liberty, sunk by the Israelis during the Middle East war. 6�This is the logicci ineaCon for tape recordinSlitipment that records communicatio44ntercepted by the Pueblo. The areelnight even be sealed off from the igat of the ship�as was the ease in the USS Liberty. 7�Unless the Pueblo has had its hu.:1 modified mar underwater listening equipment, the ship trails a lone line of hy-drophones behind it as it moves through the water. The listening line is beneath the surface. dragged down by a planing device, and has weighted hydrophones hanging from it like a crabber's trot line. Each ship makes ailWinctive sound underwater, called its signature by ferret specialists. These signatures are fed into a computer by U.S. in- telligence experts for ready compari- son to signals recorded by ferret ships on station. If the Pueblo had such underwater detection equipment, and it. most likely did, it could listen to ships passing by for 50 miles around. Pa ,99 41 IA' 6.;? Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 � NAVAL CRISES RECALLED Freedom of Sem Touchy Issue T?...e North !Crean saizure of the Pueb'.3 has raLse:t a freedotr. of the seas issue which thru American history has meant crisis � sometimes to Lte paint of war. Vioiation oi the fight was a major factor in bringing on the War of 1312. A U.S. ship seizure aims: brought Eng:and to the point of coming on the aide of the Ccefedetacy during the Civil War. The sinking of the U.S. battleship Maine was a .3.ecisive event in bringing on the Spanish- American war. The submarine torpedoing of the Bri,i3i1 liner Lusitania helped sway American pubito opinion against the Germans prior to U.S. enLry into World War I. Historically, the War of 1912 demonstrated the sensitivity the American people have toward vio- lations of freedom of the seas. The conflict was triggered by the Chesapeake affair. On June 22, the U.S. frigate Chesapeake en route from Nor- Ina, Va., to the Mediterranean was stopped by tno 3ritiSh warship Leopard just outside Ameri- can .erritarial waters with a demand that it sub- a search for Royal Navy deserters. W.aen the Ohesapeak's master, James M. Bar- n.; refused, Leopard opened fire, forcing the , kneriean frigats to submit. Foe* seamen � twog: a! t...arn Arrierica-.i-bcrt were impresied into bus 3rt1sb Navy. Lroidest soarked wer..-lawk fever befit the oeolols and. Co:1;...o.ss and toe.war '3f3k3 out a:ter aitiir 32:133 3! y.:7233:113.71t. 3.31533?3. The only pec.dsot i'ar tee Pre..7,',1 however, occurred during the Civil War on Feb. 4, 1862 when a converted,AyQue cutter on the , Union side, the 600-ton Harriet Lane, was rap- tured by Confederate forces in Galveston, Tex., after being damaged by Southern shore batteries off the coast of Florida. Even in this case, howev- er, Harriet Lane was not captured at sea. The first recorded instance of the capture of ar. American warship was in 1800, when Barbary pirates operating to the Mediterranean off Tripoli succeeded in Overpowering the crew of the U. S. frigate Philadelphia. Historians said further research probably would show a few more captures in the War of 1812 and the Civil War, but no similar incident in the past Century. 'Sorry. Sir... but the North-Koreans Captured One of Our Spy Ships. We Lost Four H-Bombs Over Greenland. We Invaded Cambodia, Bobby Might Thin 2cf. Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 � U.S. on Diplomatic Tip-Toe The United States, confronted with the most perilous situation in Korea since the 1953 armi- stice, was moving quietly but forcefully thru dip- lomatic channels today to secure .the return of the USS Pueblo and her crew. Johnson administration officials said North Ko- rea's seizure of the U. S. Navy intelligence vessel in international waters appeared to be one more "provocation" in a mounting series of communist actions aimed at eventually destroying the U. S.-backed government of South Korean Presi- dent Park Chung Hee. MANEUVER They said the North Korean communists proba- bly hoped that their action at sea, as well as their stepped up infiltration and terrorism in South Ko- rea, also would help Hanoi by distracting Ameri- can attention and resources. But the primary objective of the Pueblo hijack- ing, in the view of officials here, was to press forward the campaign for the ultimate communi- zation of the entire Korean peninsula. The Russians, whose aid the United States has sought in this affair, had no editorial comment on it. On the basis of Soviet actions during the past few years it was assumed the Kremlin wanted to hal a way to defuse the situation and divert the peril of a renewed Korean war without causing the North Korean communists to lose too much fazes in the proms. RENEWED WAR No official would go so far as to predict that the Pueblo incident, along with the attempted acAnksination of President Park and other ac- tions, would lead to a resumption of hostilities in Korea. But such a possibility could not�be counted entirely. The official North Korean newspaper, Rodong Shinmoon, said Sunday that President Johnson's policies in Vietnam had created "a tense situa- tion in which a war may break out at any mo- ment ... in our country." On Jan. 9, about the time the Pueblo took up its station off Wonsan harbor, another North Korean newspaper, Minju Chosen, said the United States was sending armed vessels along the country's east coast. The North Koreans. in their broadcast an- nouncement of the capture of a "spy ship" linked th3 affair directly to the mounting tension rising from a sharp increase in the number of military incilents between North and South in recent months. RR � File photo of the U.S.S. Pueblo. Distress Signal Late Spy Ships Role Foggy By MIKE MILLER Scripps.Howard Stet Write Mystery today shrouded the role and actions of the NaVy's USS Pueblo, hijacked Monday night by conununist North Korea on an intelligence mission off that country's coast. After hours of officially imposed silence, many of the sporadic Pentagon disclosures on the inci- dent served to heighten the mystery rather than solve it. There were these questions: to' What exactly was the Pueblo doing in the Soa of Japan since it ,began its mission there Jan. , 8? Describing theiiieras WClligence galfg' ening auxiliary ship," the Pentagon said It was under control of the Navy rather than any of the U.S. supersecret intelligence agencies. Po Why did the Pueblo hesitate so long before calling for help? The vessel was first confronted by a North Korean patrol boat at 10 p.m. Monday and told by radio to "Heave to or I will open fire on The Pueblo skipper did not request help until she was boarded an hour and 45 minutes later, after the one patrol boat had been joined by three others and two MIGs circling overhead. � 131e. Pentagon deduct! conunent on whether 'AnY: liedg It was probably boo happened *id the'it. minutes from the war.:bOardeol'011i it sent its last engiretiswere at "all stop" and that it was "going tiff the air?" Did a fight en- sue? It could have. The Pueblo's crew of 83 was equipped with small arms and might have fought beck before being overcome. A Navy spokesman said the Pueblo was taken forcibly and did not surrender. Nor did it ask for instructions while it remained in contact with 'higher headquarters." A/tho Pueblo radioed that it didn't fire its two 50-caliber machine guns and there was no report of fire from the patrol boats before the boarding, the Pueblo 'skipper reported four men wounded, one oritically. Po Where is the ship and what's going to hap- pen to her? otzil i_y Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 � � The Pueblo Incident T H the Vietnam war blazing fiercely, the United States doesn't need any more entanglements, incidents or blunders, especially in Asia. But we suddenly have a first class problem with the USS Pueblo. The whole ship, intact, with 83-man crew, Was captured by North Korean gunboats without a shot fired. It sounds preposterous, but there it is. The important thing is to obtain re- lease of ship and crew without touching off a new blaze. Despite some hawkish cries from Capitol Hill, let us try diplo- macy, thru the Soviet Union and Japan, North Korea's neighbors, but we must insist on prompt return of the captured vessel. But how did it happen, and why? The why seems easier to answer: the com- munist regime in Pyongyang, angered by the sizable contribution its South Ko- rean rival is making in Smith Vietnam, has been stirring up trouble for months. The seizure of the Pueblo .CoMes just two days after the daring commando raid in Seoul aimed at-assassinating South Korean President Park Chung- bee. And that abortive attempt capped more than a year of sharply stepped-up - . . infiltration and sabotage. It should be � no mystery to any American � includ- ing U.S. Navy officers in the area � that North Korea is distinctly hostile territory. But was the Pueblo in North Korean waters and thus liable to attack or sei- zure, as the communists claim? The Pentagon says no, the ship was well away from shore � at the time it was taken in tow, at least. Unfortunately, even in our own coun- try there is not too much faith in the Pentagon's version of incidents like this one � considering the "cover" stories on major incidents over the years. In our judgment there was no wisdom or prudence in positioning an "intelli- gence collection auxiliary ship" � slow (12 knots) and virtually unarmed (two .50-caliber machineguns) � close in off Wonsan harbor. Of course our Navy has the right to "freedom of the high seas." But the more pertinent question is; Is it smart for the Navy to steer such a ship, unpro- tected, around in a known dangerous neighborhood? -Let's -stop leading with our chin, particularly 'when we don't have our dukes up. � Shipnaping Is Called WellinPlcnined ,Ely R. H. BOYCE �Scripps-Howard Staff Writer Administration sources voiced fears today that North Korea's seizure of the USS Pueblo and recent "drastic increases" in communist attacks on South Korea may be linked to the Vietnam War. 'They speculated that the growing boldness of North Korean Communists is aimed at: V Keeping U.S. and South Korean forces so occupied there that no more troops can be pulled out to fight in Vietnam, thus indirectly helping communist Viet Cong and North Vietnamese forces. (Fifty thousand South Korean troops al- ready are fighting in Vietnam.) V Warning the U.S. that continued bombing of North Vietnam could bring intensified guerilla fighting in Korea and perhaps even another Viet- nam-type war there. INCTDENTS INCREASE . Sources pointed to a report of the 'United Nations command in Korea to the United Nations Se:.-trity Domicil which showed that "significant toot:lents" of North Korean infiltration into South NaTer., by both land and sea, had increased from only 53 in 1966 to 543 last year. `There v.-e7e ,tirliy 30 fire-ilg:t4 betwerit opposing forcer i-. Korea in 1964 but there were 212 hot irte::14ges 4.4 fire in 1967, the report said. It odd- ed that the number of North Koreans killed in such fighting increased from 43 in 1966 to 224 in 1987, while the number' of U.S. and South Korean troops killed jumped from 35 in 1966 to 122 in 1967. Four South Korean civilians were killed by in- filtrators in 1956 but 22 were killed in 1967, the report said.- VIOLATION The report was transmitted 4o the security Council by U.S. Ambassador Arthur Goldberg, who charged that the "recent sharp increase in the scope and intensity of the North Korean mili- tary attacks and other armed activity in Korea was in violation of the Military Armistice Agree- ment signed July 27, 1953.' The report said North Korean "armed raiders" ranging from small groups of six or nine men up to a group of about 60 have attacked "in carefully planned and reconnoitered operations" and also have concealed "numerous mines" and used high-explosive charges to demolish buildings. Nearly all the Infiltrators were captured, killed or dispersed, the report said. The abortive attempt Sunday by 31 North Ko- reans to assassinate South Korean � presidee � Part: Clung-Hee was the latest'in tire growing morbor of raids � capped by the seizuic of the � __ It is believed the Pueblo's Capture was careful- ly planned and executed because the U.S. Navy "intelligence gathering" ship had been engaged in electronic eavesdropping off the North Korean coast for two weeks. The State Department insist- ed the ship was operating in international waters. Military intelligence sources here said the planned nature of the North Korean capture of the Pueblo was borne out by the presence of four Red gunboats which encircled the ship while two communist mig fighter jets circled low overhead. It was believed this display of superior North Korean firepower made the Pueblo reluctant to attempt a shoot-out with the enemy, altho several crewmen reportedly were wounded by gunfire. The Pueblo was armed only with two 50-caliber machine guns. But no Washington official would offer an ex- planation of why no American help was forthcom- ing from U.S. naval or air facilities within range of the Pueblo. Capture of the intelligence vessel by the com- munists was regarded as a major coup, since the ship was equipped with quantities of highly so- phisticated electronic gear. There was specula- - tion'that the sUb may have been singled out is e target because. Lite KGrth Koreans believed it had 'athored valuatle M.Iilary information. l>"14->f (A' Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 � U. S. Mounts Show of Strength Reds Vow to Keep Pueb PANMUNJON, Korea, Jan. 24 (UPI) � In a truce use confrontation, the United States today de- manded North Korea return the hijacked USS Pueblo and its 133 men but the communist regime said it will keep the intelligence ship. The ship will remain in our hands," Maj. Gen. � Pak Chung Kuk of North Korea told U.S. Rear Adm. John V. Smith at a face-to-face meeting of the Korean Armistice Truce Commission. Gen. Pak also said several Americans were "killed and wounded" in yesterday's ship capture. � t Admiral Smith accused North Korea of launch- ing a "campaign of provocation, sabotage and assassination." He said, "if the North Korean regime persists in this campaign, which can only endanger the peace of this area, the responsibili- .4..y for the consequences will rest on the North .Korea regime." SHOW OF STRENGTH 'The U. S. was mounting a naval show of strength in the waters off North Korea to back up its demand for the return. The nuclear powered aircraft carrier UM En- terprise. world's largest warship, was reported to ' have been diverted from Vietnam station to lead at American task force into the Sea of Japan. Gen. Pak and Admiral Smith met at this truce village on the Korean dividing line.' Gen. Pak charged the Pueblo was captured in North Korean waters at 39.17 degrees north lati- mdc and 127.46 degrees east longitude. According ' to the U.S. Navy; the ship was hijacked in the Japan Sea and forced into the North Korean port of Wonsan. RESISTANCE CITED Pyongyang 'Radio, the broadcasting voice of the North Korean capital, said the 83 American crew- men put up "arrogant resistance" before the ves- sel was boarded and seized. The broadcast said ,several Americans were killed or wounded and more than 80 "captured alive." The.North Koreans accused the vessel of "in- tolerable provocations" and said the Pueblo "ille- gally. infiltrated (into North Korean waters) on an .espionage mission." They said the ship fired on the patrol boats and when the boats returned the the they "killed and wounded" several Ameri- cans. The Navy said four American crewmen were injured, one critically, when the communist boats seized the Pueblo as two Mig Jet fighters circled cverhead. The hijacking was said by the Penta- gon to have occurred on the high seas in interna- tional waters, about 15 nautical miles from the North Korean coast. The Navy insisted last night that at no' point in the encounter did the Pueblo fire her two .50- caliber machine guns. There was nu indication from Pueb:o's last ra- . Linked to Viet Pressure Commander Lloyd M. Bucher, of the Pueblo. with his family�Mike, 13, left; Mrs. Bucher and Mark, 15. The photo was made last year dio messages how her crewmen were injured. The vessel made no mention of any gunfire. This did not preclude a hand-to-hand struggle on the ship � whenthe communists boarded her. There was also speculation that the crewmen may have been injured while attempting to des- troy the secret electronic monitoring and commu- nications gear crammed aboard the modified auxiliary cargo vessel. The Navy said Pueblo's skipper, Idaho-born Cmdr. Lloyd Mark Bucher, 38, of San Diego, Cal- if., appealed for help only once �.when his ship was actually boarded � indicating he was una- ware the vessel was in serious trouble until the last minute. By that time. the Navy said, it was too late te dispatch ships or planes to Pueblo's rescue. "Time and the distance factors made it impos- sible to respond to the call that was made when the ship was being boarded," a spokesman said. Adm. Smith demanded the North Korean apolo- gize. - He said, "the events of last year, and especial- ly the last few days, have put a new complexion on the situation in Korea. The North Korean re- gime has embarked on a continuing campaign of provocation sabotage and assassination in viola- tion of the armistice agreement and international law." PATTERN SEEN He called the seizure of the Pueblo "part of a pattern of North Korean belligerence and aggres- sive actions which dangerously Increased in this area. If they are persisted in, they will have the most serious consequences to the main task of the armistice and to the preservation of peace in Korea." "Such hostile acts cannot be perpetuated with impunity," he warned. co when the !Webers visited Boys Town, Nebr., of which the Naval' officer is a graduate. �UPI Photos Location given by the U.S. of the seizure. President Johnson and his top military and dip- lomatic advisers were closely following develop- ments in the first boarding and seizure of a sea- going American Naval vessel in more than a century. The President scheduled a meeting of the National Security Council at the White House today. Outraged congressmen demanded prompt U.S. action to free the ship and her crew. Sen. Ri. chard B. Russell, (D., Ga.), chairman of the Sen- ate Armed Services Committee, said the seizure amounted to "an -act of war." Rep. William 11. Bates, (Mass.), senior Republican on the House Armed Services committee, called it "a dastardly act of piracy." The White House called it "a very serious situ- ation." and Secretary of State Dean Rusk said it was "a matter of the utmost gravity." Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 � A Challenge to Candor . . . The naval kidnaping of the USS Pueblo by four North Korean torpedo boats is almost too bizarre to be believed. We know that it was engaged in so- phisticated electronic espionage, close to the North Korean coast, but in international waters, according to the United States account. But we don't know why it was unescorted, and under-armed, or why, even so, it did not even try to resist. Above all, we don't know why the North Koreans picked this moment for so provocative a piece of brigandage. Not knowing these things, the soundest course is probably not to leap to conclusions, especially when we also don't know what efforts are being made to extricate the vessel and its 83-man crew. The Administration is entitled to a decent interval even when the outward evidence points to bungling on a major scale. That much said, the Administration must realize that public tolerance in this country for the unex- plained and the inexplicable is wearing thin, as is public patience with the growing evidence of a. rising challenge to our security interests through- out the Asian world. A public which was lied to � over the U-2, confused, if nothing else, by the Tonkin Gulf, and misled, to say the least, in the affair of another intelligence ship attacked by the Israelis last year, cannot be satisfied or reassured by the same old coverups. This is all the more imperative, given the impact this incident is likely to have on nerves already frayed and positions already hardening. Those who see this country as over-extended in Asia, and around the world, will find further argument for withdrawal and retrenchment from confrontation with communism. Those who see in our policies of limited war a humiliation and a senseless in- hibition will find further argument for a harder line and stiffer measures all across the board. Already there is evidence of these tendencies in reaction to the seizure of the Pueblo. While some Senators cried out against a virtual act of war, others claimed vindication of their view that we are over-extended in a world policeman's role. As Communist pressures continue to pile up in Vietnam along the highlands and across the Demili- tarized Zone, in neighboring Laos, and in Thai- land, a new Korean crisis can only operate to accen- tuate the extremes. It is important to keep our cool until we know more. But this makes it no less important that we be told more�and more that is believable--about so bizarre and unbelievable an incident. Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 'Deliver an Ifitimatilm' Reaction To Seizure Is Divided The public and political opinion that surfaced in the country yesterday was badly divided over the response the United States should make to North Korea's seizure of the USS Pueblo. In the Senate, caution seemed the dominant theme. The Democratic Majority Leader, Mike Mansfield of Montana, declared: "We ought to keep our shirts on and not go off half-cocked." The chairman of the Senate Military Preparedness Sub- committee, John Stennis (D.- .Miss.), took essentially the same view. He urged the White House to "avoid precipi- tous and rash over-reaction. Above all, we must not rush pell-mell towards the disaster of World War III." In the House and among some segments of the Ameri- can press, the mood and the rhetoric were more militant. A New York Democrat, Rep. Samuel Stratton, said "we've got to get that ship back just as vigorously as President Kennedy got the missiles out of Cuba." House Republican Leader Gerald Ford of Mich- igan said that if diplomacy fails "the United States must take whatever military action is necessary" to recover the ship. The chairman of the House; Armed Services Committee,' tough-talking L. Mendel Riv- ers (D-S.C.), said the United States should declare war if necessary to get the Pueblo back. "I wouldn't fool with ; him," said Rivers. "I'd deliver an ultimatum. If they didn't give back the ship, I'd turn loose whatever we had out there on them." If an all-out war in Korea grew out of the Pueblo cap- ture this country would have to consider using tactical nu- clear weapons, Sen. Henry M. Jackson (D-Wash.) said in a television panel interview (WTTG) last night. A few newspapers accused the Administration of coward- ice and, in effect, echoed Riv- ers' call for an unlimited re- sponse. "North Korea's bold seizure of the Pueblo," said the Milwaukee Sentinel, "is not nearly so outrageous as has been the American pusil- lanimous reaction to it. Our official bird is not eagle, hawk or dove. It is chicken." Said the Chicago Tribune: "Given the spinelessness of success ive Administrations since the days of President Truman , in dealing with Korea, little, if any, effective action would seem in the mak- ing. The United States will have suffered humiliation at the hands of a country it could squash like a bug." Advice to the Administra- tion to withhold precipitate ac- tion and to use first the chan- nels of diplomacy was given by the Los Angeles Times, the Kansas City Star, the New York Times and most other major newspapers. Parents' Statements The most conciliatory state- ments on the Pueblo incident came from parents of cap- tured crewmen. "Let's keep cool." said Oliver Langenberg of St. Louis, whose 21-year- old son Peter was aboard the ship. ' The wife of the Pueblo's commander, Mrs. Lloyd Bucher of San Diego, said her only recourse now is to "pray for his-safety." Blame for the incident was assigned to various targets. Sen. Wallace Bennett (R-Utah) viewed the ship's seizure as simply another step in "World War III, Communist style." But Rep. Wayne Hays (D-Ohio) pointed a finger at the CIA. "Maybe CIA didn't run this," said Hays, "but I expect they did It's about as fumbling an operation as you would expect from them." The Milwaukee Journal questioned the Navy's judgment in sending out the ship without an escort. The Winston-Salem, N.C., Journal commented on the "impres- sion that her skipper acted in- gloriously by surrendering without a fight." Republican presidential can- didate George Romney had no comment at all. "It would be silly," said Romney, "to make a comment on a situation as serious as that without having all the facts." -17r .I epC 1-11)01/ (01, Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 Joseph K raft � Seizure of Pueblo by Reds Stresses U.S. Self-Isolation LAST YEAR made it plain that guns in 'Vietnam could not be combined with butter at home. And this year is making it plain that the United States cannot have both guns in Vietnam and a detente with the rest of the Communist world. That is the bitter lesson of the seizure of the USS Pueblo by the North Ko- reans. And the lesson is the more bitter because it is evi- � dent that this country's tra- ditional friends want no part of a new confrontation with the Communists. To be sure, the Pueblo af- fair could be an isolated in- cident conditioned by very special circumstances. More- over, the North Koreans are Asian Communists, sensitive to Peking's pressure for a hard-line stand against the United States. BUT NORTH KOREA also has a common border with the Soviet Union. With respect to Vietnam, the North Koreans have sup- ported Moscow against Pe- king in coming out for united action on behalf of Hanoi. Thus it Is going to be very hard for the Russians � to back away from what the North Koreans have done. The more so as abundant signs indicate that a recent era of good feeling between Washington and Moscow had about reached the end of the line anyway. Not that Washington willed it that . way. On the contrary, hav- ing just reached agreement with the Soviet Union on the tog of a nuclear nonpro- liferation treaty, the John- Senate Unit Defers Action On Tonkin By Robert C. Albright Washington Post Staff Writer The Senate Foreign Rela- tions Committee yesterday postponed a decision on 'whether to investigate devel- opments leading up to the 1964 Gulf of Tonkin resolu- tion, after a 3-hour hush-hush meeting. Chairman J. William Ful- bright (D-Ark.) described the proposed inquiry as a "very sensitive matter" in the light of Monday's incident involving North Korea's capture on the high seas off Korea of the U.S.S. intelligence ship Pueblo. Fulbright said another closed meeting will be called later to determine whether to, undertake a full-dress investi- gation of the Tonkin Gulf inci- dent, in the wake of a staff; son,Administration has been eager to go on to new arms control measures. But' the Vietnamese war keeps getting in the way. For example, minutes before Ambassador Anatoly F. Do- brynin returned home for consultation ten days ago, Secretary of State Rusk was obliged to warn him that a recent air raid near Hanoi had scattered into the wa- ters near the port delayed action bombs that might im- peril Soviet ships. ' ON THE SOVIET side, there appear to be moderate officials keen to maintain working relations with this country. But the moderates seem to be on the defensive on a host of issues, includ- ing economic reform and cultural liberalization as well as relations with Wash- ington. According to one rumor, Prime Minister Alexi Ko- sygin. thought to be the lead- ing moderate figure in all matters, is on the point of resigning in frustration. An- other story has it that one of the best known liberals in cultural matters, P. N. Demi- they, will be demoted from a post on the party secre- tariat to a ministerial job. By no mere accident, the backsliding of the Big Two toward confrontation finds most of this country's closest friends across the Atlantic looking the other way. The fact is that they are less and less interested in carrying the burden in the quarrels that now divide the United States and the Soviet Union. Gen. cle Gaulle. to cite the staked everything on disen- gagement :from the United States in order to get on with Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union. He has his own reasons for that policy�and those.not of the best. But if he remains politically secure in France, and has a follow- ing throughout Western Eu- rope, it is in large measure because he is able to pose as the prophet of detente. BRITAIN seems now to be following along. Compelling economic needs have forced Prime Minister Harold Wil- son to abandon the role of junior partner to the United States in backing up the se- curity of nations between Singapore and Suez. And on his recent visit to Moscow he has been playing to the hill the part of the man who can get on with the Russians. Nor is anybody else in Western Europe, not even the West Germans who were once so keen on confronta- tion, rallying to the cause. On the contrary, their most conspicuous stance � toward the United States is the flinty position they have taken on the balance of pay- ments. And that is in large part a refusal to help pick up the tab for this country's efforts in Vietnam. What is happening, in short, is the self-isolation of the United States. Being in- dignant about the Pueblo, justif iable as indignation may be, will not turn that tide of affairs. What is re- quired, what more than ever shapes up as the most urgent task of all, is containing the war in 'Vietnam. most notable example. has study of the facts. Fulbright twcen the Maddox and Pueblo' declined to rule out the "possi- incidents. Fulbright replied. !Willy" of an inquiry, however. :that both were ships, both: lie said the only Committee were on the high seas, and: ;consensus reached yesterday both were gathering intelli- was to, put off a formal deci-gence. "There are certain simi-, sion. Most committeemen de-i larities," he said. ; clined to talk anymore aboutl lit, but at least one ranking Re-1 publican favored dropping thel inquiry altogether. "I personally think we should leave it (Tonkin Gulf) �to the historians," said Sen. George D. Aiken (11-Vt.). "I aml much more interested in what: our Government does in thel next three years, or in the .next three months, than in what we did three years ago." In one generally well-in- 'formed quarter it was sug-i !gested there may never be anY! official committee determina-i tion one way or the other, but i that an informal inquiry will continue, as it has in the past. If this is done, the Commit- tee may meet from time to time with people like Under Secretary of Defense Paul H. Nitze and others who can shed more light on developments that preceded and followed an attack on the U.S. destroyer Maddox by three North Viet- namese PT boats in the Gulf of Tonkin off the North Viet- nam coast on Aug. 2, 1964. Newsmen asked -Fulbright if he found :my narallale ho. as 3-pelq N aw. Aiq Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 � N. Korea Cites 'Confession Fabrication Is Charged By Pentagon From News Dispatches North Korea claimed yes- terday the captain of the USS Pueblo had confessed that he was engaged in "criminal espionage activi- ties" inside North Korean territorial waters when he was captured Tuesday. The United States termed this "a travesty on the facts." The alleged confession was .attributed to Cmdr. Lloyd Mark Bucher. The 38-year-old officer, his 83-man crew and their intelligence ship were taken into custody by North Korean patrol boats and brought to the port of Wonsan. The (North) Korean Central News Agency quoted Bucher as saying that he was carrying out an espionage mission against the Soviet Union and North Korea for which he and his crew had been offered "a lot of dollars" from the Cen- tral Intelligence Agency. Alleged Remarks "Having been captured now, I say frankly that our act was a criminal sot which flagrantly violated the armistice agree- ment and it was a si...c,2r act of aggression," Bucher said, ac- cording to the news agency. "I have no excuse whatso- ever for my criminal act as my ship intruded deep into the territorial waters of the Demo- cratic People's Republic of KOrea and was captured by the naval patrol crafts of the - Korean People's Army in their self-defense action while con- ducting criminal espionage ac- tivities," the Commander al- legedly said. Called 'Fabrication' In Washington, the Pentagon promptly asserted that the ac- count attributed to Bucher was a "fabrication." It added that "no credence should be given to this contrived statement." Assistant Secretary of De- fense Phil G. Goulding, the Pentagon's chief spokesman, said the "style and wording" a the document published by the North Koreans "provide! unmistakable evidence in themselves that this was not/ See KOREA, A13, Col. 1 KOREA�From Page Al North Koreans Claim U.S. Captain Confessed written or prepared by any �voyage which ended in cap- American." He continued: ture, his alleged confession "The major point which continued, the vessel was dis- this propaganda utterance at-, guised to look as if it was en- tempts to make is that thetaged in research on oceanic Pueblo had violated North Korean territorial waters and was, in fact, violating those territorial waters when the North Korean patrol craft appeared. ale and observed and ascer- Goulding said the Pueblo re- "This is absolutely untrue.' rt tamed the depth of water,'cur- ' ported her position at the timerent,water temperature, sea of her capture as 39:25 north basin, salt density and water and 12755 east. As the ship transparency" at several. was being seized, he added, points within the North Ho- the North Koreans placed it rears sea frontier, the confes- sion attributed to Bucher said. at 39:25 north and 127:56 east. "These two reported posi. The Commander was quoted tions are .within a mile of one as saying that his ship 'also another and both show conelu- gathered information on mili- sively that the Pueblo was in tary installations, industrial international waters, Gould- ing continued. Pentagon sources noted that the position given in Bucher's alleged confession was 39:17.4 north and 127:46.9 east. This position, unlike the one given earlier in a North Vietnamese ship-to-shore radio transnus- stantly and tried to escape, sion which was monitored by firing at the navy patrol U.S. listening stations, is in- crafts . ." Bucher allegedly side Korean waters. said. North Korea claims a Iron- "But the situation became tier extending 12 miles out to I more dangerous for us and sea. thus one of my In en was -"The . Pueblo was .under killed, another heavily wound. orders from the beginning of ed and two others lightly its mission to stay at least 13 wounded." The Pentagon said Tuesday I that four persons aboard the Pueblo had been wounded. these orders were disobeyed. One message from the ship' The Assistant Secretary said 'was said to have indicatedi the claim that Bucher and his:that one man's leg was blown' crew were working for the off, but there were no further I CIA was "typical of this pr'opa-idetails: ganda sham . The statement attributed to "Commander Bucher is a Bucher closed with- a refer- naval officer, commanding a ence to the wives and children naval ship and performing a of the Pueblo's crew and how naval mission. He is not em-I they were anxiously awaiting ployed by the CIA and was the sailors' safe return. promised nothing by the CIA. "We only hope, and it Is the Nor were any members of his greatest desire of myself and crew." I all my crew, that we will be The Korean Central News' forgiven leniently by the goy- Agency state m e'n t quoted , ernment of the Democratic Bucher as saying his ship had 'People's Republic of Korea," carried out numerous assign- Bucher was said to have con- ments for the CIA. For the eluded. electronics. Bucher reportedly said he entered North Korean waters from Soviet waters Jan. 16. "My ship was on the utmost miles from North Korean ter- ritory," Goulding said. "There is no evidence to suggest that facilities, port traffic and the deployment of armed forces along the coast. The Pueblo was 7.6 miles off the town of Rods when North Korean patrol boats appeared, the account continued. "We were on the alert in I' Cr .3 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 ,ZS 0�f/ 4V KoRAZei Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 U.S. Pfessing � LBJ Strives To Avoid Use of Force � By Chalmers M. Roberts and Carroll Kilpatrick Washington Post Staff Writers The White House strong4 ly indicated last night that diplomatic efforts to secure the return of the seized Navy ship Pueblo will be continued before any de- cision is made to use ,mili- tary force. At the end of a long day of top-level meetings, including an hour's session of the Na- tional Security Council, Presi- dential Press Secretary George Christian told newsmen that the subject is still open through diplomatic channels. We have not abandoned dip- lomatic efforts toward settle- ment of the matter." Christian characterized the diplomatic efforts as "still of paramount interest" but said he could give no details. Russians Refuse Aid I Christian spoke after Admin- istration officials had disclosed that the Soviet Union, to which I the United Stales had quickly I appealed for aid in freeing the .Pueblo and its 83-man crew, had flatly refused to help. Another official said that "the response of the Soviet government has not been satis- factory." He added that Wash- ington had no evidence that Moscow had even transmitted its request to the North Korean capital of Pyongyang. Furthermore, North Korean Maj, Gen. Park Chung Kuk, the senior Communist repre- sentative at the Mixed Armis- tice Commission meeting at Panmunjom Tuesday night. Washington t i m e, ignored American demands for return of the Pueblo and its men. .. Negative Remarks A report from the American Embassy in Seoul to the State Department did not say that Gen. Park had rejected, in so many words, the demand. It did say -that the whole tenor of his remarks was negative and Administration officials took them to be a rejection. Thus just what the Presi- dent will now decide to do, if further diplomatic efforts also prove fruitless, was a closely kept secret There were indi- cations that a second effort to� enlist Russian aid would be. made before any decision on. whether to use force. Christian said yesterday morning that "the Govern- ment, of course, is organized and planning, under the Presi- dent's directive, to deal with the matter." He added that no ironclad decisions had than � been reached. But he and all other of- ficials, including Secretary of See PUEBLO, Al2, Col. 5 ip's Return; State Dean Rusk, Who spoke a day earlier. Yesterday when '1-seiL7-ed in collaboration with with newsmen at the Capitol, flatly refused to tek about future action. Meanwhile, an American naval task force built around the nuclear-powered aircraft carrier Enterprise was on station in the middle of the Sea of Japan about 150 miles east of Wonsan, where the Pueblo has been taken. There was no word of what addition- al military dispositions may have been made but officials said that other movements had been ordered. There were "no plans at present" for a presidential ad- dress to the Nation on this. serious crisis which had hit official Washington with thun- derbolt force and aroused anger in Congress. . ' Nor was there any sign of possible action at the United Nations. Ambassador Arthur J. Goldberg met for 30 minutes with Secretary General U Thant to give him "all avail- able current information." But Thant, who himself had no comment On the Pueblo inci- dent, reported through a spokesman that Goldberg had "not yet" requested him to step in. North Korea is not a U.N. member. Its Communist gov- ernment has been totally hos- tile to the world organization, and North Korea is still under a U.N. condemnation for the invasion of South Korea more than 17 years ago. � Rusk yesterday escalated his own characterization of the North Korean capture of the Pueblo, which he had termed "a matter of utmost gravity" asked if he agreed with a Sena- tor's characterization of the seizure as an act of war, Rusk replied: "It is a very harsh act. I would not object to character- izing it as an act of war in terms of categories in which such acts can be construed." ' Rusk declared that "my' strong advice to North Korea] is to cool it There have been enough of these incidents and they have come out of North Korea," a reference to the mounting attacks on South Korea by small bands and by infiltrators. "North Korea would be well advised to pull back here, stop this kind of activity, and decide to live in peace with its neighbors," he said. Rusk also said that "we would like to see the Russians give us some help in this." By the time he was saying this, however, other officials were reporting the Soviet turndown. At the White House it also was said that the efforts through the Russians "have not had satisfactory results." Asked whether he saw a link between the North Ko- rean action and the Commu- nists in the Vietnam war, Rusk replied that he felt there was "no organic. connection." He added that "it is possible North Korea tried to put on the pressure but it will not have the slightest effect.' Government specialists ap- pear to be unanimous ih view- ing the North Korean infiltra- tion of the South and the seiz- urse of the .Pueblo as strictly their own doing. They reject any notion that the ship was North Vietnam or with Corn-. munist China or the Soviet Union, The North Koreans, how- ever, have been embarrassed,' to give much help to Northl it is felt here, by their Inabil- ityVietnam whereas South Ko-i rean troops are major and ac- tive American and South Viet-; namese allies There have loeen reports of North Korean pilots! in North Vietnam but no pub- lie confirmation that they have' seen action. Washington experts on Ko- rean and Communist affairs generally assume that Soviet intelligence experts will fine- toothcomb the Pueblo to learn what they can of the most se- cret equipment. Thus there was some feeling here that af- ter this is done Moscow might be more amenable to asking the North Koreans to release the ship and crew. There is, of course, no guar- antee that North Korea would take such Soviet advice, if offered. The Pyongyang gov- ernment some months ago took a public stand of equal independence from both Mos- cow and Peking. Reports of the Mixed Ar-, mistice Commission session' showed that the North Korean' general heaped charge after charge on the United States. Yesterday Pyongyang put out what it called a confession by the Pueblo's captain of his alleged guilt. Christian termed the North Korean charges "both cynical and a distortion of fact." Statel Department spokesman Rob- ert J. McCloskey said the !charges were "cynical, denun- ciatory of the United States 'and a distortion of fact." North Korean Gen. Park charged that the Pueblo had .engaged in a "vicious act of I hostility" inside territorial waters and not outside as the United States claims. He also 'charged that the Pueblo was trying to "come closer to the land to perpetrate provocative acts" when North Korean navy vessels "returned fire." 4-Ar4 g Hol2p 40�) Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 Auociatad Press Adm. John V. Smith (right), chief U.N. delegate to the protest to Maj. Gen. Park Chung Kuk (far left), North Ko- armistice commission at Panmunjom, reads statement of rea's delegate. Officer second from left is not identified _ Seizure Seen I Linked to Purge LONDON, Jan. 24 (UN)� The seizure of the USS Pueblo is part of a hard-line North Korean strategy that has emerged after a major gov- ernment and party purge, au- thoritative sources said today. The shake-up has also led to the systematic acceleration of :the campaign of subversion and infiltration in South Ko- rea, the sources said. The purge was believed to have been brought about part- ly by internal differences and partly by desire to help the North Vietnamese Communists by distracting the United States. A new cabinet was appar- ently formcd last month in Pyongyang after Pak Kum- chol, vice president of the Presidium, Vice Premier Ko Hyok and two senior members, of the Communist Party were, purged, the sources said. Earlier, a number of senior army officers were reportedly put on the Party's political committee, strengthening the military's policy-making role. Associated Press Carrier Enterprise, which is now in the Sea of Japan. Ds sPriNf hiorcA)40/ Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 � Field Commanders Decided . Not to Attempt amp Rescue By George C. Wilson Washington Poet Staff Writer Defense officials said last night that it was the military commanders in the field who decided against trying to res- cue the USS Pueblo once shei ing the entire hijacking se- quence. The responsibility for the decisions during the Pueblo's fateful hours was thus put squarely on the military. Defense officials said they was boarded by North Korere not passing Judgment on reans. the decisions made nor tin- The Pentagon added that be-,plying any foulup in the cap- fore the boarding, the skipperiture. But they implied that of the Pueblo was left on his once the skipper had given up own. Defense officials, who his ship, there was nothing the 'could not be identified under!Navy could think of doing to the ground rules of their save the situation. meeting with newsmen, said The first of four North Ko- no orders went out from1 rean patrol boats started bar- Washington to the Pueblo dur-assing the Pueblo at 10 p.m. Partial List of Crew Aboard Seized Ship Associated Press Radiornon 3/C Charles Henry Crand II The Pentagon yesterday gave a partial list of the 83 men ,Teeh,nician 3/C Rodney rm.:tem. aboard the captured intent- u" Seaman Stephen Paul Ellis, Interior genes ship Pueblo. The Defense Department said the name of one Navy man was withheld because of difficulty in locating his next of kin. Another's name was withheld at the relatives re- quest. [It was learned independent- ly that one of the crewmen is Marine Sgt. Robert J. Chicca, 28, listed at 701 Somerset pl., 'Hyattsville.] Hometowns were not pro- vided. This paralleled the Pentagon's policy applying to men captured or missing in Vietnam. The crew included 79 Navy men, two Marines and two civilians. The two civilian oceanog- raphers were: Harry Iredale II and Donnie Rich- ard Tuck Jr. The Navy and Marine per- sonnel.' � Stewardsman Crogello Parel Abelon, Stewardsman Rizilino Lastrella Alua- gue, Communications Technician 3/C Wayne Drexel Anderson, Fireman As- prentice Richard Everett Arnold. Com- munications Technician 3/C Charles William Arline. Communications Technician VC Don Earl Bailey. Hospital Corpsman 1,..0 Herman Paul Baldridge, Engineman Fireman Apprentice Richard Ivan Same, Seaman Peter Milton Bandera. Communications Technician 1/C Mi- chael Thomas Barrett, Boatswain's Mate 3/C Willie Co tim us Butrell. Fireman Apprentice Howard Edward Bland. Engineman 1/C Bushel Junior Blansett, Communications Technician Chief Ralph Dalton Bander. Comment- cations Technician 3/C Paul David Brusnahan. Comdr. Lloyd Mark Bucher. Boatswain's Mate 3/c Willie Columbus Bunnell. Yeoman I/C Armando Moreno Ca- nals.). Marine Set. Robert C. Chicca. Communications Electrician 2/C Victor DeLeon Eseamilla. Storekeeper liC Po- Hear� Folio Garcia, Communications Technician 1/C Francis John Ginther, En:II:Leman Chief Monroe Onel Gold- man. CommunicatiOas TeChnician 3/C John White Grant. Electrielan's Mate 1/c Gerald Wil- liam Hagenson, Marine Staff Sgt. Robert J. Hammond. Lt. Stephen It. Harris, Engineman Timothy Leon Har- ris, Radioman 2/C Lee Roy HEMS, Fireman John Charles Higgins Jr.. Seaman Robert Walter Hill Jr.. Fire- in. Duane Daniel Hodges, Communi- cations Technician Sidney J. Karnes. COMMUnIcatIons Technician Chief Teshntciun 3�.? Eafl/ "'IVA; Knirs Boatr.V s etc C Herbert o n James Francis Kell. Communications 'comae. CWO Dena Howard SACO, Communications Technician 3/C An- thony Andrew Lanantia. Communica- LfigcnIT:ile.nigT;tc;MCastr:TiC Ch'S.rleS Benton Law Jr.. Communications Tech- nician 1/C James Dewar Laeian. Sic- rialman 2./C Wendell Gene Leach, Com- missarYman 2/C Harry Lewis, Chief Communications Technician Ralph McClintock. Photographers mate ix Lawrence William Mack. Signal- man Roy Jay Maggard. Seaman Ap- prentice Larry Joe Marshall, Fireman Apprentice William Thomas Massie. Fireman John Arthur Mitchell, Lt. Edward Renz Murphy. Jr. Electronics Technician VC Clifford Clair Nolte, Fireman Michael A. Oliannon, Communications Technician 1/C Donald R. PePPard, Seaman Ap- prentice Earl RaYmOnd Phares. Quar- termaster 3/c Alvin Henry Plucker. Commissaryman 3!C Ralph Edward Reed. Seaman Dale Evans Rigby. Com- munications Technician IJC David Lee Ritter, Communleations Technician Seaman Steven Jay Robins. Seaman ' Recruit Richard Joseph Rapala. are- , man Recruit Roman Rosales. Seaman ! Edward Stuart Russell. Enginernan 2/c William D. Scar- borough. Lt. 13.0.1 Frederick Carl Schumacher Jr.. Communications Tech- nician 1/c James AntwYne Shepard. Communications Technician 3/C John Alice Shililes. Seaman Apprentire John tinbert shlcpleSnn. Fireman Apprentice Norman William Sneer. ComnshnicaliOns Technician Charles Ray Sterling. Communications Technician 3/C Angelo Behavior Sloane. Fireman Lawrence Edwin Strickland. Gunners Mate 2/C Kenneth laro. Wadley. Fireman Apprentice Steven Eugene Woelk. Communications Tech- nician 2/C Elton Allen Wood. Engine- man 3/C Darrel Dean Wright � 'ETS, Monday. Defence offi- !dials said the Pueblo's skipper, Cmdr. Lloyd M. Bucher, 'did not can for help until the 'North Koreans started to 'board his ship at 11:45 p.m. The Pentagon did not dis- close the nature of the call for help nor to whom it was sent. But Defense officials said the message was received and un- derstood. From 11:45 p.m. Monday until the Pueblo reached Won- san 26.1 nautical miles from its position, the question was how to rescue her. Since the Pueblo has a max- imum speed of 12.2 knots, mil- itary commanders had at least two hours to intercede while the North Korean patrol boats forced the American ship to- ward Wonsan harbor. T.J.S. airplanes in the area, even if they could have reached the ship while she was still in international wa- ters, would have had difficulty strafing or bombing the patrol boats without hitting the Pueblo as well. Apparently there were no U.S. warships close by to in. tervene. This apparent state of I.J.S. helplessness came through in an official Pentagon statement that said: "Time and distance factors made it impossible to respond to the call that was made when the ship was being boarded." The key military decision then�according to the Penta- gon time sequence�was made. by the Pueblo's skipper. Defense officials said they did receive a message from the, skipper that he had started destroying 'the secret intelligence equipment on the Pueblo. The ship stayed in radio communication with Navy shore stations even after the North Koreans boarded her. Possibly the Koreans took some time to ctit off all the Pueblo's radio communication gear�some of which could have been sealed off in secret compartments. While boarding started at 11:45 p.m. Monday, the Pueblo did not go off the air until 12:32 am. Tuesday. Defense officials said last night that Secretary Robert S. McNamara was notified about the Pueblo capture at 12:23 a.m. Tuesday. Pe..." s5 Z-f PO Rai /HZ? Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 � � President's Options Were Limited in Pueblo's Seizure m."Rhberts Wastentton Post Staff Writer President Johnson's op- tions in the Pueblo affair were constricted by two crit- ical decisions made down the chain of command be- fore the Chief Executive had even heard of the inci- dent. What is now known of the record goes to demonstrate once again how much a Commander - in � Chief is bemmed in by the actions of his subordinates. These were the decisions Involved: News Analysis 1. The President was not told of the North Korean torpedo boat approach to the Pueblo or of its board- ing until 2 a.m. Tuesday, Washington time, after the 'ship and its 8.3-man creW were securely in North Ko- rean hands. By that time he was faced with an accom- plished fact�the first hi- jacking of an American naval vessel by a foreign state in more than a century and a half. to the incident with a show of force. That decision was made down the line, appar- ently by CINCPAC, the joint command headquarters in Honolulu. Whether the Pentagon was even asked its advice is not yet clear. But certainly the President was not asked. It may well be, of course, that Mr. Johnson, if he had been given the option, at once would have ordered the Enterprise and its naval train to head for North Ko- rean waters. On the other hand he might have decided -2. The nuclear-powered carrier Enterprise and its accompanying vessels, which by chance had Just left Sas- ebo, Japan, to return to duty off Vietnam, were turned about and headed toward the Sea of Japan opposite North Korea, again before Mr. Johnson was awakened. The President once more was faced with a fact�that American ships were head- ing toward North Korea in a show of force. In the first instance, oth- ers made the fateful deci- sion not to send aircraft to that to do so would be to ov- erheat the already charged atmosphere and possibly limit diplomatic efforts to win release of ship and crew. If further diplomatic ef- forts fail and with the naval force off North Korea, Mr. Johnson has the option now of using force in some form or of withdrawing the ships In the face of North Korean refusal to free the Pueblo. The Pueblo case is not the first instance in which a President has found himself -- help the Pueblo, whether or not the captain had called for aid. Someone decided, without reference to the White House and apparently (although this is not yet cer- tain) without reference to the Pentagon, to let the Pueblo's captain handle the torpedo boat problem. That proved to be an irre- trievable mistake that se- verely limited the Presi- dent's ability to respond. In the second instance, the President had no option open on whether to respond bound by what his subordi nates have done. President Eisenhower was boxed in by the mishandling of an inept cover story in the 1.1-2 affair. President Kennedy, to some degree, was trapped in the Bay of Pigs debacle, something he did not let recur in the Cuban missile crisis. And President Johnson reacted, or, in the view of some over-reacted, to what he was told by the American ambas. sador in .Santo Domingo in the Dominican intervention. tZ"th�i 4? FOAM A.9 PAPEIL. Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 igan Gov. George Romney says North Korea's capture of a U.S. intelligence ship is "right in line" with a Communist effort to stir up trouble in hopes of in- fluencing the outcome of the Vietnam war. Romney, renewing his New Hampshire campaign for the Re- publican presidential nomina- tion, said he was warned of such tactics during a world tour a month ago. The Michigan governor faces one-sided odds in the presiden- tial primary campaign he re- sumed today. In a crowded home at Derry Calls for Hard Line Mounting in Senate Over Ship Seizure By the Associated Press New and harsher calls for tough U.S. action�including use of air and seapower if necessary�followed initial diplomatic fail- ures to retrieve the captured ship Pueblo from her North Korean captors. Two senators said yesterday the United States might be forced to Ise tactical nuclear weapons if the Pueblo incident touches Off a war with North Korea. And at least one senator who has strongly opposed U.S. war policy in Vietnam, Sen. Frank Church, called seizure of the Pueblo and the 83 Americans aboard "an act of war." The Idaho Democrat said "the ship must be returned at once, with all American aboard. Our national honor is at stake here." Senate Democratic Leader Mike Mansfield and Chairman J. W. Fulbright, 1)-Ark., of the Sen- ate Foreign Relations Commit- tee, counseled a cautious U.S. response to the incident. Mansfield said the United States shouldn't "go off half- cocked," miltiarily. The warnings of possible nu- clear intervention if the incident explodes into war were sounded by two members of the Senate Armed Services Committee, Sens., Henry M. Jackson, 1)- Wash., and Strom Thurmond, pying most of its available ground forces, said of North Ko- rea: "If they make an all-out attack on South Korea, some kind of use will have to be made of tactical nuclear weapons." Thurmond agreed with that assessment. adding: "We will use any weapons if necessary to protect America and her peo- ple." Their comments came on a Metromedia television inter- view. Sen. William B. Spong Jr., D-Va., urged Johnson to "take all necessary steps to secure the immediate return of the ship, its equipment and the members of the ship, its equipment and the members of its crew." Sen. John Stennis, D-Miss., chairman of the Preparedness subcommittee, said the United States must "take al lsteps" in- cluding the use of force, if nec- R-S.C. essary, to bring about the Jackson, contending the U.S. prompt release of the Pueblo commitment in Vietnam is occu- nd her crew. Concern Over Pueblo Voiced in Soviet Press By EDMUND STEVENS Special to The Star MOSCOW � Although Soviet diplomacy has so far declined the American request to act as a go-between in seeking the re- lease of the USS Pueblo from North Korea, the Soviet press reflects mounting concern here lest the incident kindle another conflagration. Moscoe natur ally accepts unquestioningly the assertion of its North Korean ally that the Pueblo was captured in North Korean territorial waters. Pravda's Washington corre- spondent, Boris Strelnikov, ca- bled his paper by way of confir- mation that no less an authority than Sen. J. William Fullbright, D-Ark., admitted that this time the United States was caught red handed and that the Pueblo was indeed engaged in espio- nage. Adds Strelnikov: "Sensible Americans do not believe the Pentagon version that the Pueb- lo was seized in international waters." To the Russians the Pueblo readily invites comparison with the U2 incident when the U.S. spy plane piloted by Gary Pow- ers was shot down over Sver- dlovsk thousands of miles inside the U.S.S.R. Romney Calls Ship Seizure Bid to Influence Viet War NASHUA, N.H. (AP) � Mich- and at a French-American club in Manchester, Romney declined last night to say how he thinks the United States should handle North Korea's seizure of the American ship Pueblo. He said he does not have the facts that are available to Presi- dent Johnson and his advisers. "I think it would be folly to make a decision on something you don't have all the facts on," Romney said. He said there seems to be some question as to exactly where the American ship was when it was captured. "The hard facts are you can't believe your own government anymore in this country," he said later. (In Los Angeles, Gov, Ronald Reagan urged President John- son to send warships into Won- san harbor to free the Pueblo if North Korea does not release the ship within 24 hours, United Press International reported. ("I cannot for the life of me understand why someone in the United States government, par- ticularly the President, has not said, that ship had better come out of that harbor in 24 hours or we are coming in after it," Rea- gan said. He called seizure of the Pueblo "the most disgrace- ful thing to happen, in my mem- ory, to America.") 6,4 The Russians still recall "cov- er stories" floated by U.S. spokesmen before ex-Premier Nikita S. Khrushchev revealed the truth. Almost as if anticipating the Pueblo incident, the Soviet press recently reprinted an article from the Italian weekly "Epo- ca" describing the sophisticated electronic worldwide espionage masterminded by the National Security Agency and the part played by intelligence gathering ships. The seizure of the Pueblo coin- cided somewhat with the arrival in Moscow yesterday of a North Korean delegation headed by the deputy chief of state. Conceivably the Pueblo inci- dent and the attempt by North Korean infiltrators to kill South Korean President Chung Bee Park could be designed to warn the United States that continued escalation in Vietnam could lead to retaliatory action elsewhere in Asia. But most observers here agree Moscow neither programs nor anticipates a major crisis in Ko- rea. Otherwise, it's unlikely Pre- mier Alexei N. Kosygin would have departed for New Delhi. Soviet propaganda has had a field day playing up the U.S. incursion into Cambodia and the B52 crash in Greenland with its nuclear bomb load as examples of aggressive brinkmanship by the U.S. military and proof of the Soviet contention that Amer- ican policy is the main threat to world peace. Meanwhile, t h e rumblings from Korea virtually drowned out the peace-loving beeps gen- erated by British Prime Minis- ter Harold Wilson's Moscow talks. The British press spokesman sought to encourage optimism while the talks were going on by liberal use of such adjectives as "frank, friendly and construc- tive" while disclosing nothing of substance. The joint communique, how- ever, said little. The main indi- cation that on Vietnam the gap had been narrowed, as Wilson claimed, was the affirmation that both sides supported the principles of the Geneva agree- ments and would work jointly and separately for a just politi- cal solution. Unlike the communique after Wilson's visit last year, it includ- ed no expression of regret at failure to reach agreement on Vietnam. Zign/ �V6V) r4 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 � � THE LADDER OF ESCALATION Johnson Takes an Option By ORE KELLY Star Staff Writer President Johnson today took the first of a wide range of steps vailable in his ttempt to get back the USS Pueblo and its 83-man crew when he an- nounced the call-up of some Air Force reservists. In the last few years, both civilians like Dr. Herman Kahn, the author of a number of stud- ies of escalation, and military leaders like Gen. Maxwell Tay- lor, who developed the policy of "flexible response," have writ- ten volumes on the options the President has in reacting to al- most any emergency. These studies, now thoroughly incorporated into the Pentagon's basic military strategy, are un- doubtedly being relied upon as the President, his civilian advisers and the Joint Chiefs of Staff try to devise a method for getting the ship and crew back with the least possible difficulty. ?a Kahn's studies, the seizure of a ship in international waters ranks very high up the scale of military escalation. But the situ- ation would obviously be vastly more grave if the seizure had been undertaken by the Soviet Union rather than one of the smallest nations in the Commu- nist bloc. Before today's announcement and the further hint that some ground forces may be called to active duty, the U.S. already climbed a significant number of rungs up the ladder of escala- tion. It moved both diplo- maitcally�with apparently un- successful attempts to enlist the aid of the Soviet Union�and militarily, with the dispatch of a nuclear task force headed by the carrier U.S.S. Enterprise to the Sea of Japan. This force is ,reported now about 200 miles :off the Korean coast. This is short range for the ship's jet Pueblo. A coastal radar station might be shelled, for example. Extremely unlikely in these early steps would be any effort to send Navy or Marine ufflts into the port of Wonsan to takc back the ship by force r:Te� escalation ladder before they be- cially while the North Koreans have the Pueblo's crew mem- bers as hostages. Under the theory of escalation, these steps should be taken quite rapidly, with a pause after each step to see if the North Koreans are ready to give the ship Lack. In tt.eory, the North Koreans should be made to believe that the U.S. is prepared to use all necessary force to get the ship back�even eventual use of nu- clear weapons. If they really be- lieve 'his, the theory goes, they will accede to the U.S. demands at a low point on the escalation ladder rather than at a high point. One of the most awkward diffi- culties facing Johnson and his advisers is that the North Ko- reans might not believe the U.S. is willing to risk war over one little boat�and it might re- quire a number of steps up the 1,opscd: 3C. 3Va2.Nor,l27*S5' Cacti , v .51.4F3tC: Son:dc'e :l:45 P.10. 12r.54.2"Er..si aircraft, but far enough out to give the ships great flexibility. If diplomatic efforts fail en- tirely � and it is not yet clear that they are going to fail � the theory of escalation would call for the application of military pressure in small increments. One such might simply be a show of force�positioning the Enterprise visibly in interna- tional waters if the port of Won- san, for example. Another might be an action matched to that of the North Koreans�perhaps the seizure of one of their boats. This kind of action could not be matched ex- actly to the North Korean action because their navy dosen't have any ships as large as the Pueblo --an illustration of the difficul- ties a "superpower" has in deal- ing with a very small nation. � Slightly higher up the scale might be the destruction of some piece of North Korean property of the approximate value of the 127 30. I HAMHUNG, NORTH KOREA YONGHUNG Map locates position rer,iorts i ths, 7.125 Pueblo as rel:...aseel by the Defezzse anent. The shaded area sl.?.c..yys tb.3 ternational waters lirnit c irne l'inrth � Korea, which says the PUCNO -17,35 ene!,un- tered at a latitude of 3�.17 and a longiii,tic of 127.46�about V", miles from land. come "believers." Johnson's options and those of military commanders in the field were severely limited at the very beginning of the Pueblo incident because no one appar- ently realized in time that the harrassment of the Pueblo by North Korean patrol boats � something that happens fre- quently in many parts of the world � would suddenly turn into a seizure. Whether or not someone in the military chain of command could have gotten effective help to Cmdr. Lloyd M. Bucher, skipper of the Pueblo, after he saw that he was about to be boarded and called for help has not been answered. � But Pentagon officials who de- clined to be quoted by name said that even if properly armed fighter planes had been close enough to have gone to the aid of the Pueblo, a number of other factors would have been consid- ered. These include weather, the amount of remaining daylight, the position of the ship at the time help arrived, and, especial- ly, potential enemy reaction. The decision not to go to the aid of the Pueblo was made somewhere in the military chain of command short of Washing- ton, these Pentagon officials said. But they did not say how high up the chain that decision was made. The incident began abgut 10 p.m. Washington time Monday. Pentagon officials said Bucher did not request help until 11:45 p.m. when the North Koreans moved to board the Pueblo. Thus, by the time President Johnson, Secretary of State !Dean Rusk and Defense Secre- tary Robert S. McNamara were awakened between 12:23 and 2 a.m. Tuesday, the Pueblo was , already in North Korean hands. iThe question they faced � and I still face � was not how to pre- vent the seizure of the vessel, 'hut haw to get her back again 2vah c?ft� Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 �Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 _ SHIP � � U.S. Prods North Korea Continued From Page A-1 that diplomatic efforts to secure release of the Navy intelligence ship and its crew will be dis- continued, Christian said: "This is only one action in this whole matter. Diplomatic efforts are continuing and we certainly hope they bear some fruit." He said the air reservists are being called to active duty im- mediately under congressional authority provided in the 1967 Defense Department Appropria- tions Act. This act provides that "until June 30, 1968, a president may, when he deems it necessary, or- der to active duty any unit of the ready reserve of an armed force for a period not to exceed 24 months.' Cliffort's Hint The White House announce- ment came just minutes afer Clark M. Clifford, Johnson's choice as the new defense sec- retary, said on Capitol Hill that reserves could be called up if there is a worsening of the sit- uation in the Far East or if "developments" in the Pueblo incident. Testifying at a Senate hearing on his nomination, Clifford made that comment in reply to a question from Sen. Margaret Chase Smith, R-Maine. He said the circumstances of the USS Pueblo's seizure "are exceed- ingly grave." A call-up "could come about as a result of developments in the Far East; as a result of de- velopments involved in the Pueblo�any stage this coun- try's safety and security war- rents, the President could well call up the reserves," he testi- fied. However, he said he was not at liberty to say whether any specific decisions had been made. The White House said today that the President conferred at breakfast with Secretary of State Dean Rusk, McNamara, U.N. Ambassador Arthur J. Goldberg, special assistant Walt W. Rostow and press aides George Christian and Tom John- son. U.N. Move Possible There were strong hints that Goldberg's presence may indi- cate some possible diplomatic move through the United Na- tion's. Tom Johnson said the President and Goldberg "ex- changed views as they always du in situations like this. They will be in touch again during the day." Last night, the President con- ferred with the same men � except Goldberg. Clifford was on hand. Johnson's mood is said to be one of "determination" not to let the Pueblo and its crew remain in Korean hands as the result of what he regards as a clear viola- tion of international law. But he is equally determined to exhaust non-military means first to se- cure their release. The nuclear-powered aircraft carrier, the USS Enterprise, and other warships and planes are now in position about 200 miles off the Korean coast, ready to move in if necessary: But Johnson, after hearing the advice of his top diplo- matic, military and securi- ty officers, has apparently cho- sen to give North Korea more time to release the 83-man crew and the U.S. Navy intelligence ship � seized around midnight EST Monday night off the North Korean coast by four Commu- nist patrol boats. The call-up, however, obvious- ly adds to the pressure on North Korea. The administration feels that the main goal of the United States should be the safe return of the crew. Military action probably would not achieve this end, so diplomatic efforts will be pursued until it is decided that there is no hope of getting the men back � or if the U.S. na- tional interest makes it impera- tive to strike back at North Ko- rea. New Ineident Would Do It The "national interest" would become involved if a second in- cident occurred at sea, or some other obviously provocative ac- tion were taken by North Korea. Part of the reason for the will- ingness to give the Communist regime in Pyongyang more time is a belief in some administra- tion circles that North Korea may have meant to signal the United States yesterday that the crew would shortly be released. The signal was detected in the last two paragraphs of a lengthy "confession" allegedly made by Commander Lloyd Mark Buch- er, skipper of the Pueblo, and given wide circulation by North Korean radio. Most of the document� clumsily written and more than likely composed by the Commu- nist captors�was a listing of the "hostile acts" by the Pueblo. But what caught analysts' eyes here were the concluding words: "I and my crew have perpe- trated a grave criminal act, but our parents and wives and chil- dren at home are anxiously waiting for us to return home safe. "Therefore, we only hope, and it is the greatest desire of my- self and all my crew, that we will be forgiven leniently by the government of the Democratic People's Republic of (North) Ko- rea." A Signal? Communists � and particu- larly Asian ones�put great im- portance on confessions. Gener- ally, if a person has confessed fully he is treated leniently. The wording of Bucher's "confes- sion" gives rise to hopes that North Korea was sending a sig- nal that the crew would be re- leased soon. Most likely, the Koreans would want to study the intricate intel- ligence devices aboard the 179-foot vessel. Thus the men�if not released by themselves first�might have to wait until Communist intelligence officers had taken what they wanted from the ship. But there was nothing in Washington yesterday received through official channels to give rise to much hope. The Russians responded coldly to a U.S. "urgent request" that they. use their "good offices" to secure the release of the ship and men. Russian Blamed U.S. State Department sources said that Ambassador Llewellyn E. Thompson had a very uncom- fortable time with First Deputy Foreign Minister Vasily Kuzne- tsov on Tuesday. Kuznetsov ap- parently took North Korea's side and blamed the U.S. for the Pueblo incident. He gave no sign he would send on the U.S. request to the North Koreans. And the confrontation on Tues- day night at Panmunjom be- tween U.S. and North Korean members of the 15-year old Mili- tary Armistice Commission end- ed up, as expected, in mutual recriminations. The Communists claimed that the ship was in their territorial waters. The U.S. side insisted there can be no question but the ship was 25 miles away fro mNorth Korea and obviously in International waters. Locations Given Position reports given out by the Defense Department indi- cate the North Korean patrol boats that captured the Pueblo approached from the east, ap- parently to intercept it. The department said the Pueb- lo's position as indicated by the North Koreans' radar track was 39:25 North and 127:56 East. The Pueblo's position at the time of the appearance of the first North Korean patrol boat about 10 p.m. EST Monday was given as 39:25 North, 127:55 East. At 11:45 p.m., when the Pueblo reported she was being boarded, the U.S. ship gave her position as 39:25 North, 127:54.3 East. The Pentagon has pinpointed these positions as about 25 miles east of the North Korean coast. North Korea, however gave an "encounter" location of 39.17 north and 127.46 east�much closer to land. The negative responses the diplomatic probing were expect- ed, and many diplomats here believe that once things quiet down the Russians will use some "quite diplomacy" and try to get the release of the Pueblo. Thus word is expected to go out to Moscow to try again with the Russians. Meanwhile Gold- berg has been keeping U.N. Secretary General U Thant posted on developments. Officially the United Nations is still in charge of military opera- tions in South Korea�a carryov- er from the Korean war when 16 countries joined in a U.N. Com- mand to fight against the com- bined North Korean-Red Chinese fcrces. The U.S. forces in Korea wear,also a U.N. bat. North Korea is an implacable enemy of the United Nations and each year Communist nations try to get the United Nations disengaged from Korea, but they have consistently failed. Thus it is not anticipated that Gold- berg will ask the United Nations to do anything formally. Russia would immediately veto any proposal for action� thus making tensions in the area more strained. 95 -TA-4 E.V2./4114q Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 � Korea and Vietnam President Johnson's call-up of 14,787 Air Force and Navy Air reservists yesterday is quite obviously aimed at demonstrating this country's resolve and increasing its capabilities in its confrontation with North Korea over the hijacking of the USS Pueblo earlier this week. The tactic is a familiar one, used by President Kennedy in the Cuban missile crisis, and earlier in a showdown over Berlin. But another, perhaps better analogy comes quick- ly to mind � President Johnson's use of the Tonkin Gulf incident in August, 1964, as an op- portunity to seek a sweeping congressional man- date for his Vietnam policy. Now the Pueblo affair has given the Administration a comparable justi- fication for tapping the military reserves on a scale which would have been difficult to justify solely in terms of the highly controversial conflict in Vietnam. It does not matter whether this element loomed large or small in the President's mind, just as it doesn't matter whether the Korean provocation can be proven to be part of a carefully orchestrated Communist campaign to strain our resources. Pur- pose aside, that is the plain effect; the simple fact. amply demonstrated over the last few days, is that our available military resources are spread 'thin, so much so that it appears that appropriate air action to rescue the Pueblo before it was captured was apparently not available. So the President had no choice but to do what he has tried so long to avoid a politically unpopular call-up of the re- serves. Now that it's done, there might be something to be said for dropping the other shoe. We have been comforting ourselves for many months with the thought that we can have it all�the war in Viet- nam, the war against poverty, the butter and the guns. It is time, if not well past time, for the Nation to be told that just possibly we cannot have it all, that we may have to review and re- order our priorities, that the capacity of our enemies to expand our Asian involvement, at marginal risk to themselves, is very large. All eyes are on the Pueblo and its 83-man crew, as Congress rings with cries for retribution by whatever' means. But the Vietnam war's largest single buildup of enemy combat forces in one con- centrated battle area now encircles some 5000 Marines in the remote base at Khesanh in the northwest corner of the South. A resulting Marine buildup has drawn large numbers of troops away from pacification work against Vietcong guer- rillas in other parts of the country. Meanwhile, Hanoi is feinting towards Thailand and threatening to upset the shaky stand-off in Laos. These last moves may be feints, and nothing more. The capture of the Pueblo may be sheer coincidence�or the result of some informal work- ing arrangement between North Korea and North Vietnam with coaching from Moscow. or Peking. Whatever the case, the pressure from the enemy seems to be getting more intense. Our best hope of countering this pressure while avoiding a wider war almost certainly lies in a demonstration of our willingness to wage a wider war if we must. This calls, in turn, for striking a delicate balance and ' the President has wisely kept his counsel while lie decides on countermoves. But he cannot count on the show of public willingness he will ultimately need unless he is willing himself to confront the public in more forthright fashion with the stark realities. r4 a H MA) Ndi Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 Soviet Reaction Restrained By Anatole Shub cult position vember. The Soviet leaders than by the con-iitself to be put in such a situa- lhave also gone to considerable Washincton Pon Forties Service flict in Vietnam. . bon. Nowhere was there was MOSCOW, Jan, 25 � Soviet commentators today compared the Pueblo affair to the Ton- kin Gulf incident of August, 1964, which brought on the first American bombing of North Vietnam. They also linked the adventures of the lengths in the hope of obtain- ing North Korean participa- tion in next month's Budapest international communist "con- sultative meeting" and in the big world conference that the of 14,600 reserve airmen incident and the Vietnam Russians hope will follow. "threatening act." a fighting were further compli. News agencies reported these foreign reactions to the Pueblo seizure and related events: The Soviet news agency Tess termed the U.S. callup !there any support for an !American military reaction. The Vatican newspaper L'Osservatore Romano called for "prudence and sincerity," and warned that the Korean !eating the situation in South- For example, the Soviet British Prime Minister Wil- east Asia. leaders deliberately renounced son, just back from ah official The official North Viet- any hope of Yugoslav partici- visit to Moscow, said the Unit-;namese newspaper Nhan .Dan ed States did not ask him to 'called the capture of the discuss the incident while he Pueblo a "fitting lesson" to was there. "It did not sedrnli-T.S. "warmongers." Under appropriate to raise it and lithe headline "U.S. provoca- had not been asked to do so," Acura caught red-banded in Wilson said. Korea," the newspaper con- London's Foreign Office oded demised the American "bally- plored" the ship's seizure and !boo" over the incident and ac- said it was convinced the Pueb- lensed the United States of lo had been in 'international sending spy ships into Korean waters. The Times of London, lwaters many times and of no legal justification for the n- while declaring that there was �thousands of shellings and i trusions into North Korea. capture, cautioned that "there! Soviet leaders have yet should be no reason in prin- ' handed down a firm line on the ,Korea away from China has cirple why the seizure . . been a muting of Russia's die- should lead to a major inter-1 national crisis." There was still no official; French comment on the inci-; "highly strung, nervous atmosi a ig ovie - apa- dent. The consensus in the nese deal � possibly including press was that North Korea's' phere" in Washington to the, time of the attack on the Ds. a peace treaty, return of some action was a deliberate provo-, i destroyer Maddox in the Ton- Ismail islands to Japan, andication as part of an effort to, rrl major Japanese investmentsidilute the American focus o kin Gulf. Tass, in a long account by Siberia Siberia � has been slowed; Vietnam, Donlad Louchheim ,Moscow commentator Igor down partly to appease North of The Washington Postl I lOrlov, concentrated on the .K015 which is involved in,reported from Paris. There: "angry reaction of world opin. iseveral disputes with the Japa.;was muted press criticism of; lion," recalled the U.2 case and nese' the United States for allowing similar spy incidents, and said iMoseow Follows the Pueblo affair "should bel These and other signs of taken together" with "the in North Korea's special place in vasion of neutral Cambodia by soviet calculations appear to American troops" and the B-32; indicate that Moscow is in- accident, � I clined to follow, rather than Intense Interest lead, Pyongyang in the Pueblo, While Soviet media showed ! incident. That was the ease on no signs of attempting to fan Tuesday, when Soviet Deputy a crisis atmosphere, Moscow iForeign Minister Vassily Kuz- observers had little doubt ofnetsov told American Ambas- the Kremlin's intense interest;sector Llewellyn Thompson ' in the outcome of the affair. that Moscow would not inter- cede with Pyongyang. and that ihe Soviet Union is linked tol North Korea by a mutual se- ; the United States should ad- eurity treaty, and North Korea dress its inquiries directly to! has in recent months played a the North Koreans. key role in Soviet maneuvers This state of affairs could be: , Promising or dangerous, de-' within the world Communist' movement, pending on the North Koreans I ,and the United States. The Soviet-North Korean. treaty, signed in 1961 and Should the North Koreansl devise a face-saving comprol valid until 1971, declares that. if one of the parties "is eximise, such as keeping the posed to an armed attack" the! Pueblo while releasing its I :crew, the Soviet Union wouldi other party "will immediately render military assistance certainly be among the first to' l awith the help of all the means applaud. But should honor and! pride in Pyongyang and Wash- Within the world Comm- -at its disposal." ington bring on a second No- fist movement, the North Ko-I; rean war, the Soviet Union, a! reans had been considered;thermonuclear power hound� pro-Chinese until Pekingby treaty and a common. fron. : launched its Cultural Revolts- tier to North Korea, would be ! lion in July, 1966. Patientplaced in a much mote diffi- wooing by the Soviet Unioni since that time, and particul larly in recent months, has, brought fair results. Friendship North Korea was repre- sented, although not at sum- mit level, at Moscow's 50th an- .niversary celebrations last No- spy ship to both the B-52 crash in Greenland and events in Southeast Asia as evidence of Washington's "provocative" pation in those meetings largely because that would and "dangerous" course. Soviet press comment was make North Korean attend- on the whole restrained, con- ance impossible. The North slating mainly of relaying Koreans still resent Yogosla- facts and opinions from The via 's support for the United Washington Post, New York Nations effort in the Korean Times and other western war (which coincided with the newspapers and press agen- Stalin-Tito conflict), and dun cies. ling their long pro:Chinese The press appeared to be 'phase they firmly condemned half a day behind events, Yogoslav "revisionism." which is not unusual here, and offered little evidence that the gue Thus, tonight's Izvestia leftlo with Japan. There have it to New York correspondent ibeen numerous indications S. Kondrashov to compare the since last summer that move- Still another price the So- viet Union appears to .have paid for partly weaning North Ni a , NORIVIniq Pelt Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 � Reds Say Crewmen Must Be Punished; Diplomatic By Chalmers M. Roberts .. Washington Post Staff Writer North Korea said early today that the crewmen of ithe USS Pueblo "must be ;punished" and warned that it is "fully prepared to cope ' with . . . any surprise at- tack" in retaliation for the Pueblo seizure. The statement did not say whether North Korea planned: to put the men on trial oI was demanding their punish- ment by American authorities as a condition of their release. The statement by Rodong Shinmoon, the organ of the North Korean Communist Party, was monitored in Tokyo several hours after Secretary of State Dean Rusk told a New York audience that the only satisfactory solution to the Pueblo crisis is "immedi- ate" release of the ship and crew. Earlier yesterday the United States turned to the United Nations Security Council in an effort to solve the crisis short of force. President Johnson instructed Ambassador Arthur. !J. Goldberg to ask for an ; "urgent session" of the Se-, curity Council. It may be held' today. Call for Punishment The North Korean state-, ment, as reported by Associ-1 ated Press, called its seizure, of the Pueblo on Jan. 23 a "proper self-defense measure" and warned if there is a repe- tition of "provocations" it will "sternly punish., the aggres- sors." Then it said: 'The criminals who en- croach upon others' sovereign- ty and comniit provocative acts must' receive deserving! punishment. "These criminals must be punished by law." Referring to what it called 1 'the clamor of the Johnson! clique who are attempting to; threaten someone with a ridic-' ulous talk about a 'retaliatory! measure,'" the paper said: "If the U.S. imperialist ag- gressors think they can: :tighten our people with. threat or blackmail, it is really a stupid illusion." It said the Korean people "are fully prepared to cope with any provocation or sur- prise attack of the enemy and are completely ready to deal a hundred-fold, thousand-fold, See PUEBLO, All, Col. 1 retaliation to it, if it pounces upon us." The paper said the Pueblo's captain had confessed that the ship intruded deep into North �Korean waters. It said this was "an arrogant hostile act" by the United States and "a de- liberate, premeditated provo- cation for stepping . up their policy of war ignition ir Korea." � Secretary Rusk's staternelt In his New York speech last night was the moot precise yet from a high Administra- tion official as to just what the Administration is seeking and, most importantly, as to the timing involved. Rusk .declared that the sei- zure of the ship in internation- al waters was "without prece- dent end is intolerable and there can be no satisfactory result short of the prompt, may I say immediate, release of that ship and its Officers and crew." � _ .- . . .., .. .. . . , . .. . . Tension was mounting in ed confession by thc�.ship's Washington as the Presidenticaptain expressing hope for ( sought a diplomatic way" out forgiveness. It also was noted lof the crisis' n announcing thatx the full transcript of the Mixed the request for a U.N. session, the White House said it re- meeting Armistice Commission fleeted Mr Johnson's "earnest ting on Tuesday contained. fl this statement by the North desire to settle this matter representative:Korean 'Promptly and if at all possible' ,, hy diplomatic means." All you have to do is to admit military provocations The statcment linked the , seizure of the Pueblo with "ag- and aggressive acts committed -. by your side, apologize for gresive actions" by North Ko r them and assure this (confer- ea across the demilitarized zone against South Korea. ence) table that you will not re-commit such criminal acts." 1 First reaction from the U.N. But this large demand was iwas that the Council might' not coupled with any promise. ask North Korea to send a Furthermore, there is every representative to give its, side. reason to believe the crew- of the controvery, though the ' : men will be subject to lengthy prospects that the Commu- 'interrogation. Many of them nists would agree are consid-I arc highly trained in the most ered dim. 'secret American intelligence More hope for action is techniques, which are, of sur- placed in a second effort to passing interest to all the enlist the aid of the Soviet Communist nations. Union in winning release of Be the ship. A second message tO.the most interested ,-, the Soviet +P'S equipment, much of.. ... of n ialla a tirla I Moscow was reported to be en these techniques and in the route last night. The first ef-'s�. fort resulted in a face-to-face which apparently was not de- rebuff on. Tuesday to Ambas- stroyed, the belief here is that sador Llewellyn E. Thompson any Soviet action to free thee when he made the request to vessel and crewmen would! Soviet Deputy Foreign Minis- have to wait for some time. I ter Vasily Kuznetsov. . President Johnson had a se-' Some reports here suggest-.5 of meetings yesterday on cd there was hope that thethe crisis, beginning with Pueblo's crew might be re- breakfast. Present were Rusk.' leased because the Commu- Defense Secretary Robert S. nists had broadcast a pUrport- McNamara, Goldberg, Presid , dential Assistant Walt W. Ros-' tow and press secretaries! George Christian and Tom 'Johnson. The same group, plus income, .ing Defense Secretary Clark!: IM. Clifford, had met the eve- !rang before, Christian told . newsmen yesterday. Christian's stress during the � day was on further diplomatic efforts. He told reporters that -"diplomatic efforts are contin- uing ant: we certainly hope they bear some fruit in the very near future." The only word from the State Department was that diplomatic efforts were contin- uing. The U.N. move was decided on at a White House luncheon meeting. Christian said. Gold- berg then dispatched a formal request to Security Council President Aga Shahl of Paki- stan. A public debate at the U.N. will raise serious problems. The Soviet Union will be bound- to defend its -fellow Communist i..atlite, North Korea. and and veto any move against it. Several other na- tions on the Council this year are generally hostile to the United States, especially over the Vietnam war. Furthermore, by linking to the Pueblo incident the North Korean actions against South Korea, the United States is in- directly involving the U.N. it- self. The forces in South Korea, although now reduced. to South Korean and American! troops with a handful of of as observers from a fewl other nations, are technically under U.N. command. HD14)1t)(7 Approved � Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 006638269 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 � Associated Press Mrs. Bucher listens to tape recording allegedly made by her husband, skipper of the captured USS Pueblo, .:2(0 ,ZAAJ HDP..44. Prifue- BUCHER�From Page Al - Pueblo's Orders Restricted Gunfire � The standing instructions for the USS Pueblo were :to avoid an international incident by moving out of the area if harassed rather than use her guns, it was learned yesterday. The ship's three .50-caliber machine guns were to be kept under canvas unless the survival of the ship de- pended on them. These rules for ferret, or spy, ships like the Pueblo may explain why her skipper, Cmdr. Lloyd M. Bucher, wait- ed until it was too late to resist the North Korean boarding Monday night. Reliable sources said last night that North Koreans boarded the Pueblo without one shot being fired by the kmericans. The injuries to :our Pueblo crewmen, it was �;earned authoritatively, came , from the explosions Bucher set . cff to destroy the ship's secret !spy equipment. :Backed by Superiors i The very topside of the Navy s standing behind Bucher on . the basis of facts on hand so !far. Top officers regard Bu- cher's decisions as consistent with his instructions to avoid trouble. Mrs. Rose Bucher, wife of the Pueblo skipper, said in an j interview last night that Adm. 'Thomas H. Moorer, Chief of Naval Operations, had ex- pressed the Navy support of her husband's decisions .in a telephone call yesterday. The Pueblo is not a fighting ship, but a passive one with the job of eavesdropping on communications all around it. tier crew are electronic spe- cialists rather than experi- enced gunners used to rushing io battle stations. Navy officers reason that Bucher saw the four North Korean patrol boats as another in a long series of harassing See BUCIIER, All, Col.16 Pueblo's Orders Restricted Gunfire actions. Even after the North Koreans forced their way aboard at gunpoint, Bucher could have reasoned this was a temporary tweaking of the United States, rattier than a plan to capture the ship. There are no sea cocks on the Pueblo that could have been opened to let enough water into the hull to sink the ship. And sources said such ships do not ordinarily carry explosives other than the small ones needed to destroy spy equipment and codes. This would seem to rule out any chance of Bucher scut- tling his ship. And if he did so, the lives of his 82 crewmen could have been lost�either; through freezing in the cold' water where the Pueblo lay or from the North Koreans open- ing fire on them. � Bucher's only chance, then,. seemed to be help from other' U.S. ships or planes. This did not arrive from the time Bu- cher sent out his call about midnight Monday (EST) until the undisclosed time�at least two hours later � when the Pueblo was taken into the North Korean port of Wonsan. It was also learned ynster day that the Pueblo lay dead in the water with water col- lection bottles strung over the side when first accosted by the North Koreans. The, water samples were part of the Pueblo's oceanographic re- search. Richard Halloran, Washing- ton Post correspondent in Seoul, said sources there claimed the Pueblo's crew was taken off the ship shortly after, capture. The Pueblo's officers,! he said, then were flown to. Pyongyang but the enlisted, men presumably were kept in Wonsan. The Pueblo's capture had all the earmarks of a long-planned' operation, Halloran wrote. The North Korean Defense: Minister reportedly flew to �Wonsan to inspect the ferret ,ship. : The fate of Bucher was still not known here last night. North Korea's radio sent out a . broadcast of Bucher's alleged confession. i The voice, alleged to be Bu- cher's, said "I and my crew have perpetrated such a grave criminal act, but our parents and wives and children at home are anxiously waiting for us to return in safety. "Therefore," the broadcast .continued, "we only hope, and .it is the greatest desire of my- 'self and all soy crew, that we 'will be forgiven leniently by the government of the Demo- cratic Peoples Republic of Korea." In San Diego, Bucher's wife said after hearing a recording of the broadcast: 'That is not my husband's voice. It does not sound in any remote way like my husband. The inflections and sound were not his." Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 By George C. Wilson Wanhinston Post Staff Writer President Johnson Called up 14,787 air reservists yes- terday as the United States moved to put pressure On North Korea to release the USS Pueblo and its Crew Of 83 men. Just what military role the reservists will play was not made clear at the Pentagon or anywhere else in Washington. The men called up were told to report to their units by midnight Friday. They were not told in their orders where they would go from there. Can Be on Duty 2 Years The reservists, under the au- thority the President imple- mented yesterday, can be kept on active duty as long as two years. ICongressional leaders, who often are briefed in advance , on such announcements, were :taken by surprise by the call. up. [United Press International quoted informed sources in Seoul last night as saying two squadrons of Air Force fight- er-bombers and interceptors� about 100 planes,-nad moved to South Korean bases and I that the nuclear-powered car- !tier Enterprise with at least , another 100 planes may have 'moved to within 100 Miles of Wonsan, the North Korean port where the Pueblo was taken. But .a spokesman said reports that the carrier would move to within a few miles of Wonsan and broadcast an ultimatum were "unthink- able."] 1 The last time reservists were !called up was during the 1962 I Cuban missile crisis. The q4,000 men stayed on active ' duty for one month. In the 1961 Berlin crisis, President Kennedy Called up 148,000 i-nen. Most were on active duty about 10 months. The type of units called uP yesterday showed that- the Joint Chiefs of Staff and De- fense Secretary Robert S. McNamara believed that the . U.S. air arm needed strength- ening. Precautionary move Phil G. Goulding, Pentagon information chief, said the call-up was "a precautionary measure to strengthen our I forets. I All the units activated yes- terday are for air warfare or See CALL-UP, AS, Col. 1 �, � U.S. Turns to U.N. Military for airlifting troops or sup- plies. All told, there are 372 planes attached to the reserve units. Two hundred of them are F-100s, a supersonic jet that can carry a 'big load of bombs and rockets. The rest of the reserve fleet activated consists of 72 Navy A-9 and F-8 fighters; 46 trans- ports, mostly C-124s, and 54 RF-101 reconnaissance planes. There are 672 pilots among the 9340 Air Force National Guardsmen, 4847 Air Force re- servists and 600 Navy air re- servists called up from the District of Columbia and 16 states. The White House said it : still hoped for a diplomatic, rather than a military, solu- tion to the Pueblo crisis. But White House Press Secretary George Christian did not rule out a call-up of ground forces. "When and if decisions are made on a callup of Army and Marine Corps reservists," Christian said, "appropriate announcements will be made promptly." Goulding said the military chiefs and McNamara had rec- ommended the call-up to the President. He would not say when the recommendation was made but said the decision on it came yesterday morning. The President's activation of reservists amidst the .Vietnam war undercuts the Administra- tion's steady insistence that U.S. forces are not overex- tended in the world. McNamara long has pointed to the Vietnam war as a model of Pentagon manpower man- agement since it has been fought without calling reserv- ists. Military leaders have com- plained that his policy pro- �vides little leeway for han- dling unforeseen military emergencies. They warned they would have to turn to the reserves to handle them. Most members of Congress who would comment on the call-up approved the show of strength, but some feared it would lead to a larger war. Senate Armed Services Committee Chairman Richard B. Russell (D-Ga.) called it "a natural sequence in the course of world events." Rep. L. Men- del Rivers (D-S.C.) termed it at wise move. .7-Api 04, HoR,,JiA)1 ?PrPER_ ; � In Boston, Sen. Eugene J. McCarthy (D-Minn.) said the callup was "a very disturbing action" because it disrupted family and business lives. He said he would like more in- formation on the Pueblo seiz- ure; including "where the ship was and where it had been." Sen. Henry M. Jackson (D- Wash.) said: "The President is making every effort to convey to the world�particularly the Communist World�the ser- iousness of this situation. He is exhausting all alternatives short of using force." Senate Majority Leader Mike Mansfield (Mont.) said the action "underlines the ser- iousness of the situation that now confronts us" and indi- cates a possibility of the wid- ening of the difficulties that confront us in the Far East." Sen. Ernest Gruening (1)-A- laska), a leading war critic, called it an "alarming indica- tion" of a bigger war. While most reaction cen- tered on the Pueblo incident, the call-up could ease some of the strains of the Vietnam war. All through the war, American airplanes coming off the production line have barely kept pace with those lost in the field. This heavy demand for air- craft in Vietnam left little for deployment to handle emer- gencies in South Korea. The supply of aircraft may have figured in the military decision not to try to rescue the Pueblo Tuesday when the ship was being forced into the North Korean port of Wonsan by four North Korean patrol boats. Defense officials would not comment on reports yesterday that what few U.S. Air Force planes were available in South Korea to help the Pueblo could not be sent out because they were strapped with nu-ISouth Korea are extensive clear weapons. Congressional'enough to accommodate a big sources said they had been influx of planes and men, if told the planes could not be the President decides to send refitted with conventional reservists there. ;ordnance in time to help the One of the many unanswered questions about the Pueblo af- 'seized ship, fair is why planes in Japan did Military sources said the air not go to the aid of the ship cover decision went beyond when the call for help went out. the airplanes and their ord- At jet fighter speeds, the nance and took in a host of H.S. planes could have policy *considerations, includ- reached the scene in less than ing the escalatory effect of an hour. And these fighters taking on the North Korean must have been armed for air force to avenge the conventional warfare since Pueblo. Japan does not allow nuclear The U.S. 5th Air Force eus- weapons on her soil. toznarily rotates fighters from The U.S. would have had to Japan into and out of South obtain prior consent from Korea. The usual mix of F-4 Japan to dispatch planes from and F-100 fighter-bombers can her bases to help the Pueblo carry either conventional or according to the Japanese For- nuclear bombs, but the Penis- eign Ministry. gon would not disclose what The ministry spokesman. numbers were on hand at the Kinya Niiseki, said yesterday time of the Pueblo incident, that the U.S. did not make The air base facilities in such a request. Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 President Warns N. Korea Waohineton Post Staff Writers President Johnson broke his silence yesterday for the first time since North Korea seized the Pueblo by warning that the action "cannot be ac- cepted." Speaking from the White, House on all television net-1 works, the President said that while the United States was still pursuing diplomatic ef- forts to persuade North Korea: to return the ship, it also was taking "certain precautionary" .military steps to prepare for: lany contingency that might: 'arise in the area." The President's brief state-1 inept was made in midafter- noon following a stern State Department warning to North Korea against treating the captured crew as criminals subject to trial and punish- ment. 1 Mr. Johnson held a series of meetings with his advisers on what White House Press Sec- retary George Christian said was an almost continuous basis. As other Administration statements have done, the Seizure Cannot Be Accepted By Carrell Kilpatrick President linked the seizure of ;another wanton and aggres-I and Warren Unna the Pueblo with "aggressiveisive act," he said: "Clearly this cannot be ac- cepted." The military actions taken in connection with the Korean crisis "do not involve a redue- actions" by North Korea against South Korea. He said that the North may be attempting t� "intimidate" the South , and interrupt its "growing spirit of confidence bon in any way, of our forces and progress" and to divert in Vietnam," Mr. Johnson South Korean and American said. resources from Vietnam. Earlier Christian was asked Calling the ship seizure "yet See PRESIDENT, A10, Col. I 1. .whether Thursday's. cal -up of "it would release mem ay sue � certain Air Force and Navy re-I down." servists was also required by : iNo Deadline Set . �the Vietnam situation. He re-I plied that action was "related! Queried by reporters re- directly to the situation in:garding issuing any deadline Korea and nothing else." Ito North Korea for the crew's The warning to North Korea!return, Rusk said that while not to treat the crew of the-�� deadline had been set, Pueblo as criminals came -"Today would be a good time from the State Department i to turn it (the ship) back." after North Korea's radio ini The Administration yester- Pyongyang broadcast a corn; day made public two other mentary from the official moves it has made in trying to Communist Party organ, co- secure the return of the dong Sinmun. Pueblo and its crew: The article said that "the � The International Com- criminals who have violated mittee of the Red Cross has the sovereignty of another ;been "most urgently" re- country: and perpetrated a pro-:quested "to intercede on be-i vocative act must receive due. half of the .personnel : . . to punishment. These criminals inquire about their welfare, must be dealt with by law." 1 and physical condition; to re-I ;quest 'their early release; and: Action Called 'Illegal ." to offer ICRO assistance in ar- In response, State Depart-' rangements for their release." :tient Spokesman � Robert J.1 In Geneva, International Red McCloskey told his noon press. Cross headquarters said offi- briefing: 'dais already had been in con- "In our view, this statementkact with North Korean Red Is a flagrant travesty of the, Cross authorities. facts. It is the action of North! The ICRC was particularly Korea which is, and has been,' asked to secure the repatria- ., illegal from the outset. tion of the seriously wounded.. "The U.S. Government To .date, Washington has been would consider any such move under the impression that' by North Korea to be a de. four of the Pueblo's crew were liberate aggravation of an al7;injured, one critically, during; ready serious situation," Mc-; the blowing up of the ship's' Closkey warned: - I detection equipment. But at! Secretary tif . State Dean, the Military Armistice Corn- I Rusk, emerging from a closedimission meeting at the Pan, meeting with the Senate For-IImunjom border Tuesday: � eign Relations Committee� night, North Korean Gen. Pak' termed the Pyongyang broad-Chung Kuk referred to the, . cast" "rePrebensible." He saldhkilling and wounding" of al North Korea really wants to "several." deal with the 83 captured U.S.i � State Department officials Navy men aceordins to law,'briefed represcntrtives of the . .._. .._ . .,7-A7J 0)7 1,4 D fLAL IOC; PacarPE/Za, 15 nations who had joined the 'United States in providing troops for the United Nations: push-back of North Korea's in-i vasion of South Korea in 1950; to 1953. The thrust of the briefing was to emphasize the at- tempts being made to solve the crisis peacefully. Accord- ing to one of the diplomats at- tending, no one thought it � proper to ask what might hap- pen if the peace attempts fail. Nations Listed The 15 nations represented :were: Australia, Belgium, Can- ada, Colombia, Ethiopia, France, Greece, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, New Zealand, the Philippines, South Africa,, Thailand, Turkey and the! United Kingdom. In Moscow, U.S. Ambassal dor Llewellyn E. Thompson called on Soviet Foreign Min- ister Andrei A. Gromyko in a second attempt to get the So- viets to intercede with North Korea for release of the , Pueblo and its crew. Indica-I tions were that the Soviets still have shown no interest in'. passing on the U.S. request. State Department spokes-, man McCloskey explained that' the United States now is mak- ing the same request through "A number of diplomatic channels." One of these, it was learned, is Japan, the U.S. ally that lies closest to North Korea and a nation that has conducted periodic negotia- tions with Pyongyang in the past regarding the repatria- tion of Japan's many Korean- born residents. In its attempts to gain com- munication with North Korea, a nation with whom the United States has no diplo- matic relations, diplomats here are perusing the lost of nations with whom North Korea does have ties. This includes all the Com- munist nations, as well as Yu- goslavia, Guinea, Mali. Alge- ria, Yemen, Egypt, Indonesia, Mauritania, Cambodia, Brazza- ville Congo, Syria, Tanzamia and Somalia. In addition, North Korea maintains consulates general :in Rangoon, New Delhi, Col- ombo and Baghdad. IOne top foreign diplomat, Thai Foreign Minister Thanat Thoman, -was in Washington yesterday to confer with Sec- retary of State Rusk. Thailand iS known to feel that even if the United States went to war with North Korea, it is a suffi- cient global power to be able :to maintain its campaign in IVietnam undiminished. After he briefed members of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee yesterday, Rusk told reporters the Pueblo had been in "international waters at all stages according to every indication that we have." This gave top-level affirma- tion to previous Administra- tion insistence that the Pueblo had never transgressed into North, Korea's territorial wa- ters. -- Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 � North 'Koreans at least two hours to get the slow (12.2 knots top speed) Pueblo into the port of Wonsan from hed position 26 miles outside it. Jets could have reached her from Japanese bases in less than an hour. Okinawa, about 900 miles from Wonsan, would have been a tighter squeak since flying time for a loaded fighter-bomber would be close to two hours. But as in the case of the at-. tack on the U.S. spy ship Liber- ty during the Israeli-Arab war last year, field commanders' were not sure what had hap- pened to the Pueblo nor wheth-: em' its hijacking was part of al larger North Korean military' campagn's. ' In this latter case, the Mild-, als argued, the military corn-, menders would have had to risk taking on the North Kor- ean air force. Also, these officials said,' there were snow flurries and. II low weather ceiling � hardly !teal flying conditions for lighters trying to shoot the Pueblo predicament without sinking her in the process. As for Bucher's handling of the situation, defense officials could find no faults. been going on more than a North Korean harrassment of American ferret ships has been going on for more than a year, they said, so Bucher had no way to know until the boarding that the Pueblo's predicament was different. A sister ship of the Pueblo, the Banner, had been harrassed by 11 patrol boats for 21/2 hours at an undisclosed loca- tion in the Far East.within the Uncertainty Held Back U.S. Planes By George C. Wilson Viashlnaton Post stet writer I There were plenty of Ameri-1 can planes on hand.that coaldi have come to the rescue of the Pueblo had commanders decid-1 ed that was the right move, defense officials said last night! , Fighters in Japan and Oki-1 nawa were not sent out, these. !officials said, because of the. !uncertainty of what had hap- pened and unfavorable flying! conditions. The Pueblo was first �ap- preached by a North Korean; patrol boat about 10 p.m. Mon- day. Commander Lloyd M. 'Bucher, her skipper, called for help about 11:45 p.m. when the North Koreans began board- ing. The last message from the Pueblo was at 12:12 a.m. Although the United States had few fighters in South Ko- rea, defense officials said there was a total of about 450 attack planes that could have reached the Pueblo in a hurry from bases in Japan and Okinawa. Japanese spokesmen have said no planes could have taken off without their ad- vance permission. But Wash-. !ington sources said yesterday this was not a factor in the last 15 months these officials ' Pueblo case. said. Peking Finally Tells Of Pueblo's Capture Prom News Dispatches Radio Peking- last night North Korean territorial wa- broke Communist China's si- lence about the seizure of the USS Pueblo by broadcasting the North Korean version of the incident. The 120-word report was the next-to-last item on the radio's 11 p.m. newscast. It contained no threat of Chinese interven- tion.- The broadcast, monitored in Hong Kong, said that accord- ing to the (North) Korean Cen- tral News Agency the Pueblo was captured in Korean wa- ters after a struggle during which several Americans were killed or Wounded and more than 80 were captured. It said the Pueblo's captain, Cmdr. Lloyd M. Bucher, had con- fessed that he was carrying out espionage activities inside ' It would have taken � the Defense officials stuck to the line that ferret ships, or any other kind, have a perfect right to sail on international waters. The United States does not intend to provide ferret ships with armed escorts, de- spite the fate of the Pueblo, according to these officials. They said the United States could pick up 15 to 20 Soviet! reconnaissance trawlers in a night ii it wanted to. The callup of 14,787 air re- servists signified the U.S. 10.1 tention to assert this freedom! of the seas, defense officials said. They made it clear that the top priority is to get the Pueblo's crew back safe and sound. These officials did not ex- press any alarm over what secrets the Communists might uncover as they sift through the Pueblo's eavesdropping equipment. They really critical material like codes, defense oofficials indicated, had been destroyed as the North Koreans came aboard � the. Pueblo. ters. In other developments: � The Japanese Socialist Party asserted that the Pueblo had been seized because of "a dangerous U.S. conspiracy and part of its reckless war poli- cies." The statement was is- sued on the final day of the Party's three-day national convention. It urged the United States to seek "a peaceful solution to the tense situation." � In Moscow, the official Taos news agency reported from Peking that Communist China has charged that U.S. aircraft violated Chinese air space Thursday. Tass said the Chinese announced they had delivered their 449th "serious warning" in connection with the alleged incident Russian Spy Ship Near Enterprise A Soviet spy ship like the Pueblo is sailing right along with the carrier Enterprise and its task force off South.Korea, de- fense officials said last night. �They identified the fer- ret ship as the trawler Gidroglog and pointed to her presence as an ex- whole of tlie intsmitional acceptance of the4ight of these vessels to operate on ti7ser- WO. APVP'''� Netv-Budier, 'Statement' Broadcast From News Dispatches TOKYO, Jan. 27, (Saturday) �The North Korean News Agency (KCNA) today report- ed on an alleged interview with the captain of the Pueblo in which he said he and his crew were being treated well by their North Korea captors. Cmdr. Lloyd Bucher, accord- ing to KCNA, said he was "deeply moved, first and fore- most, by the humanintarian treatment accorded us. "We are very serious crimin- als . .. but we are being treat- ed well . . we are getting on in good health and without any in convenience whatever in our life." Bucher said he and his crew have no excuse for their "grave" crime, according to the agency report. "I think we should be pun- ished in according with the , criminal law of the Democratic 1people's Republic of Korea. ,But we weie tempted by 'money and honor to commit !usch a crime", Bucher was ;quoted as saying. North Korean newspapers had earlier demanded Bucher and his crew be tried as crim- !inals. Earlier broadcasts and tapes of Bucher "confessing" that the Pueblo was in North Korean waters have been labeled as frauds by Bucher's wife. In Washington, the United States warned North Korea that any move to try the cap- tured crew and officers of the Pueblo as criminals.would flame'... an "alreadi 'serious 5A�rj HDRsJin)i. Approved for for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 Approved for Release:. 2018/08/22 C06638269 Rep. Rivers Asks Ultimatum Chairman L. Mendel Rivers,son's decision to withhold any airport within minutes' flying of the House Armed Servicesfthreat of direct retaliation, time of the Pueblo were not Committee broke a genera11y1whi1e exploring diplomatic operational. solid cordon of congressional!channels for the return of the Laird also contended that support for a policy of restraintisurveillance ship and its crew. the North Koreans had sig- yesterday by advocating a 24-1 While most comment was staled their intention to attack hour ultimatum to the North carefully nonpartisan, Rep. the Pueblo in a radio broad- Koreans. Melvin R. Laird (R-Wis.) sug- cast in early January, com- Rivers, a South Carolina gested in an interview with plaining that the electronic Democrat, said that unless the the Milwaukee Journal that surveillance ship was "causing captured Navy ship Pueblo is the Johnson Administration considerable difficulty." returned within that time, a had been caught napping un- Sen. Jacob K. Javits (R-N.Y.) North Korean city should be necessarily. ,told a New York press confer. destroyed by aerial attack. "I thought we learned some-1ence "a revolt is brewing in "I'd select a target," Rivers thing at Pearl Harbor," LairdiCongress" over the Pueblo set- told a United Press Interne- said. The Congressman, azure. He said he would recom- tonal reporter. "I'd do like member of the Defense Appro. mend an investigation of the Truman did. Let one of them priations Subcommittee, said�incident by the Senate For- disappear." destroyer escort protectionfrign Relations Committee "un- The Armed Services Com- had been removed from the,less the American people are mittge's chairman contrasted i Korean area six months ago.!given the facts before this with a bipartisan chorus of en- He also said that eight fight-weekend." doryment for President John-- era based at -a 'South Koreanl The general restraint Britain Calls 'Hijacking' Of Pueblo an Outrage fly Alfred Friendly Washington Post Foreign Service LONDON, Jan, 26�Brit- ish Foreign Secretary George Brown repeated to- day his conviction that the American ship Pueblo was in International waters when the North Koreans seized it. lie said Britain was "out- raged." His statement to the House of Commons was made after he attended a meeting of the Cabinet's De- fense and Overseas Policy Committee called by Prime Minister Wilson, and accord- ingly it was taken as a posi- tion approved by the govern- ment. ' Questioned on what mis- sion the Pueblo was per- forming, Brown said: "We know very well there are activities in which every- body is engaged. There are Ships off our coasts and we know what they are doing. We must be sensible about . each other's activities in this respect." The seizure was prob- ably a deliberate provoca- tion, aimed both to North Korean politic o-military ends and at making Amer- icas campaign in Vietnam more difficult. � � It is essential for the United States to "play it cool" and not be provoked into hostilities on a second Asian front. :comment on the incident in- cluded the remarks of two men campaigning in New Hampshire against President Johnson. Gov. George Romney of Michigan a candidate for the Republican presidential nomi- nation, and Sen. Eugene J. McCarthy (D-Minn.), who is opposing Mr. Johnson for the Democr atic renomination, both counseled caution. McCarthy, while not ruling out the use of force, said in Nashua he believed the Pueblo can be recovered "without a real military ex- change." ney, campaigning in said "we ought to iy means" to get the litk, but added that the tif tactics must be left La the 'President, because no one else has the requisite in- formation. A third New Hampshire visi- tor, retired Lt. Gen. James H. Gavin, said in Hanover he was "appalled" at the lack of air cover for the Pueblo and said "the use of force to suppress piracy" was fully justified. Among the many statements urging restraint and com- mending the President's "pa- tience" was one signed by the heads of five major Protestant denominations, the United !Church of Christ, the United 'Presbyterian Church in the 'U.S.A., the Methodist Church, �the International Convention I of Christian Churches and the !American Baptist Convention. 1 However, a separate tele- gram from 14 other religious land civic organization officials combined general support of the President's stand with a 'criticism of the mobilization of Reserve forces. Senate Democratic Leader 'Mike Mansfield of Montana .led a number of lawmakers in 'praising the President's stand and cautioning against any "rash act" that could *lead to another Asian land war. Sen. William Proxmire (D-Wis.) and Sen. Frank J. Lausche (D- Ohio) took similar stands. Rep. Paul Findley (MIL) of- fered a resolution placing Congress on record in 'support of any action the President would take to recover the Pueblo and Its erft. � ' � r 411/4 07 ton?) Ai / PIRPEZ Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 Be Wally McNamee�The Washington Post The President: "I am confident the American people will exhibit ... the determination and unity ... to see it through." Text of Johnson's Statement on Crisis Text of President Johnson's message to flee American people on the Pueblo crisis: My fellow Americans: Over the past 15 months; the North Koreans have pursued a stepped-up campaign of violence against South Korean and American troops in the area of the dimilitarized zone. Armed raider teams in large num- bers have been sent into South Korea to engage in sabotage and assassina- tion. On Jan, 19, a 31-man team of North Korean raiders invaded Seoul with the object of murdering the president of the Republic of Korea. � ' In many of these aggressive actions, Korean and American soldiers have been killed and wounded. The North Koreans arc apparently attempting to intimidate the South Kowans and to interrupt the growing spirit of confidence and progress in the Republic of Korea. These attacks may also be an at- tempt by the Communists to divert South Korean and United States mili- tary resources which together are re- sisting the aggression in Vietnam. This week, the North Koreans com- mitted yet another wanton and ag- gressive act by seizing an American ship and its crew in international waters. Clearly; this cannot be accepted. We are doing two things. First, we are today taking the ques- tion to the Security Council of the United Natons. The best result would he for the whole world community to persuade North Korea to return our ship.. aril our men and to stop the dangerous course of aggression against South Korea. We have been making other diplo- matic efforts as well. We shall continue to use every means available to find a prompt and peaceful solution to the problem. Second, we have taken and are tak- ing certain precautionary measures to make sure that military forces are prepared for any contingency that might arise in the area. These actions do not involve a reduction in any way of our forces in Vietnam. I hope that the North Koreans will recognize the gravity of the situation which they have created. I am confident that the American people will exhibit in this crisis, as they have in other crises, the deter- mination end unity which are necessary to see it through. 11414 37 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06'63877269 - fiz)1441'Al4 FAf64: -- Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 � - Soviets Seem Oblivious U.S. Envoy Reacts, But Not Kremlin . By Anatole Shub Washington Post Foreign Service MOSCOW, Jan. 26�Once I again, as in many a historic crisis, Moscow seems the calm- est city in the world. Newspapers report on the Pueblo affair on inside pages, giving greater stress to Pre- mier Kosygin's visit to India, the B-52 crash in , Greenland, the 1967 Soviet economic sta- tistics and the 50th birthday greetings sent to Rumanian President Nicolae Ceaucescu. The papers, and medium. level Soviet officials encoun- tered at various diplomatic receptions, are running half a day or more b shind events� and offer little or no indica- tion that the Soviet Union is in any way involved in the crisis. The press did not report that Kosygin had termed the Pueblo's activities "piracy" or that America is seeking Soviet intercession with Pyongyang. Same in 1941 To old Moscow hands, all this seems normal. One veteran recalled that the city had only begun to stir at noon on June 22, 1941, eight hours after the Nazis had crossed the Soviet fron- tiers. Western diplomats, too, con- tribute their share to the "eye of the hurricane" calm. Newsmen only learned that 'U.S. Ambassador Llewellyn Thompson was conferring with Soviet officials today by accident�en route to a recep- tion, several reporters noticed the ambassadorial Lincoln, with Stars and Stripes flying, ' outside the Foreign Ministry. The Ambassador later admitted it was his car but said nothing else about his . mission. Still later an informed source owned up to the fact that Thompson had been see- ing "them" indeed, "virtually every day." [In Washington it was learned that Thompson saw Soviet Foreign Minister Andrei A. Gromyko today but got no further than during his earlier attempt in trying to persuade the Soviet Union to press Pyongyang to return the Pueblo and its crew.] Back at Work The Soviet news agency Tass had disclosed on. Monday that Thompson had been Kosygin, and Secretary of State Dean Rusk had disclosedT.sda that Thompson had met So- viet Deputy Minister Vassily Kuznetsov. But today's talks� plus anything the Ambassador may have been doing Wednes- day and Thursday�remain top secret so far as Muscovites are concerned. Neverthesless, it was ap- parent, from the light in his eye as well as his legendary discretion; that "Tommy is working again." For some month s, the Ambassador's well-wishers here had been fretting that America's most skillful and experienced nego- tiator was being given noth- ing much to negotiate. Vietnam probes were being conducted almost everywhere else and discussions on the missile race, proposed by the United States almost a year ago, have yet to get off the ground. It is clear today, how- ever, that at leak one partic- ular national resource is very much back in business. Other Western diplomats' !seem agreed that the Pueblo -incident is not a result of ,Soviet instigation, that it is presenting the Soviet leaders with very ticklish decisions, and that American publicizing of the effort to obtain Soviet mediation will not make it easier for the Russians. The publicity inevitably giv- en to the Soviet stand at the U.N. Security Council is also considered likely, to 'be un- welcome to the Kremlin. If the Soviet leaders , are to ex- ercise any sort of influence on the North Koreans, it is said here, they would doubt- less prefer to do so in utmost secrecy�now virtually impos- sible. Now, the Chinese are poised and ready, pens in hand, to denounce anything that re- motely resembles Soviet- American "collusion" to "be- tray" the North Koreans. Such, at least, is the think- ing among the relative hand- ful of Western observers with' privileged access to outside news sources � while Moscow sleeps. across the border into the Republic of Korea, apparent acts in defiance of the United Nations Command. Envoys of the 16 nations involved in the 1950-53 Korean War were called in collectively yesterday by the State De- partment. � Only after setting up that international and U.N. context did the President come to the Pueblo affair. When he did he referred to it as "yet another" wanton and aggressive act, even though the Pueblo was out- side Korean waters accord- ing to the United States and thus not a U.N. command matter. � In making his first public comment on the cri- sis, the President said sim- ply that the seizure cannot be accepted." Here he moved completely away from the verbal osculation of the past three days by Secretary of State Dean Rusk who had called the seizure an act of war" and declared that the only satis- factory result would be "the prompt, may I say immedi- ate, release" of ship and crew. The fact Is Administration officials know in their bones there is going to be no "immediate" release of ship and crew, barring a total reversal in the lengthy rec- ord of North Korean hostil- ity to the United States and the U.N. The President thus was implicitly recognizing that as a fact and choosing to build the best possible rec- ord against the Pyongyang regime. Some Administra- U.S. Eases Approach ToBuild Case for U.N. By Chalmers M. Roberts Washington Post Staff Writer President Johnson's short and exceedingly softly worded statement yesterday on the Pueblo incident, plus Ambassador Arthur Gold- berg's presentation at the United Nations, demonstrate a clear decision to go the full diplomatic route before considering military action. Furthermore, the two statements strongly indicate that the President will want a United Nations umbrella over any military move he might consider. These implicit decisions rest on a simple fact: as De- fense Secretary-designate Clark M. Clifford told a Senate committee on Thurs- day, none of the various suggestions for military ac- tion will "get our 83 men Cod- officials see the Gold- berg statement as a rare op- portunity for the United States to close the credibil- ity gap with all but these who totally refuse to listen. Mr. Johnson rattled no rockets; he spoke only of "precautionary measures" for any possible "contin- gency." The combination of the President's approach allows private diplomacy an oppor- tunity. Here the Soviet Union quite probably will have the key role, since Moscow is tied to Pyon- gyang by a mutual security treaty. United Nations debate means the Soviets will back fully the North Koreans in public; what they do in pri- vate may be�Washington hopes � something else News Analysis back" and that is the chief aim. It follows, logically, that retrieval of the ship, by now doubtless picked to pieces by intelligence experts any- way, is not worth the risk of war. Consider, first, that the President's statement yester- day afternoon seemed anti- climactic because it added nothing to the public record about the incident or the President's intentions. In fact, however, there were several key points in Mr. Johnson's handling of the incident: � He used five paragraphs to describe North Korea's "campaign Of violence" See VIEW, A10, Col. 5 _ again. But it may take a good deal of time. The last two Americans, helicopter pilots, captured by the North served a year before release. The President faces a similar prospect in the case of the Pueblo's crew- men. Finally, there is the prob- lem the President faces here at home in terms of public outrage at the Pueblo's seiz- ure. It is noteworthy that Mr. Johnson said nothing to inflame public feeling; he called only for "determina- tion and unity." A favorite Johnson ex- pression for how to act at a moment of adversity when none of the alternatives seems very promising is to "hunker ' down like a jack- rabbit in a hailstorm," That is what he was doing yester- day. Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 that the Pueblo and its crewj might be released if the Unit- ed States apologized to North., Korea for trespassing. � Since U.S. statements re- peatedly have declared that the Pueblo was captured whilei in international waters, any: such apology would represent - a complete- turn-around. The Russians in New Delhi' apparently were referring to the American Coast Guard's! seizure of two Soviet fishing boats off Alaska last March. ito U.S. Gets No Hint Of Suggested Solution I The Administration indicat- ed yesterday that its own talks, with Soviet officials have brought no hint or suggestion; . _ with 'violating a 12-mile fish- eries limit which had gone in- to effect only a week earlier. Tried on March 25 at the same court, he too pleaded no con- test. lie was convicted and fined $10.000. He stayed in jail for the two days it took a Soviet diplomat to come from Washington with the money. Then he and his ship were re- leased. The diplomat said the cap- tain, in punishmeqt, would lose his master's license for one, year and be required to The first was taken March :within the American three-] - mile territorial limit Its skip-: per, charged with violating American territorial waters, pleaded no contest. He wasi convicted in a Federal Court] in Anchorage on March 6,i fined $5000 and released at, once to join his ship, which; had not been held. The Soviet! Embassy in Washington mailed a $5000 check for the fine! within the two-week deadlinei set by the court. The second ship was cap- tured March 22 some five) miles out, And was towed intoi port. Ita. captt was. charged] 0 Soviets Hint Interest In Freeing U.S. Ship By Bernard D. Nossiter Washington Post Foreign Service NEW DELHI, Jan. 26 �lbeen directly in touch with Russian officials in Premier' North Korea about the seized Kosygin's entourage indicated American spy ship. today that the Soviet Union is mi The Russis draw an anal- interested in freeing the USSI ogy between the incident and Pueblo despite the negative signals Moscow has been transmitting. Kosygin's aides hinted March. The Russian ship, they, broadly that there is a gap be- recall, was freed after its cap-: tween Soviet actions and Mos- tam n paid a fine for violating .1cow's first response to Ameri- can requests for help. How- ever, they would not say .whether the Russians have 'repay the fine to the Soviet , government "The U.S.S.R. government respects international law and agreements signed by the gov- ernment," the diplomat said, "and it takes severe measures against thme masters of our fishing fleet who violate the U.S. territorial laws." I Another Soviet trawler was boarded last Aug. 4 for intrud- ing into Alaskan waters, snd !was taken into port. The So- !via government paid a $20,- 000 out-of-court settlement. Enterprise Reported In S. Korea Port SEOUL, Jan. 26 (UPI) � A reported published tonight by the newspaper Hankook Ilbo said the 'U.S. carrier Enter- prise, last reported off North Korea, had changed course and entered the South Korean port of Pohang, about 170 miles southeast of Seoul. The newspaper quoted South Kor- ean military sources. There was no confirmation ported that additional U.S. submarines had been assigned to waters off Koera. A report by the South Korean Central Intelligence Agency said the U.S. embassy and the American Ambas- sador's residence had been among the original targets of the Communist infiltrators - Sunday, but the plan was re- vised shortly before the attack one involving a Soviet fishing ship picked up by the United States in-Alaskan waters last! American waters. Thus, the Russians appear to be saying that if the United I States acknowledges that thel Peublo was in North Korea's( waters it will be released. Premier Kosygin, who is on: the second day of a week's, visit to India, is staying inj close touch with his capital.' He has available two open telephones and teleprinters to Moscow from the Ashoka Hotel, where most of his party is staying, and from his em- bassy. Last night in a brief speech,1 he appeared to.' be taking a tough line on the crisis, de- nouncing "international piracy" � by "imperialist states." The Soviet leader and Presil dent Tito of Yugoslavia, an- other visitor here, were due to meet privately together with Prime Ministei Indira Gandhi for the first time tonight. The Pueblo affair was said to be one of the topics for discus- sion. The trio were together in public this morning but could transact no business. They watched India's gaudy Re- public Day parade. Kosygin and Tito were frequently ob- served conducting animated chats. Both Communist lead- ers looked poker-faced at the indifferent marching of Indian. troops, but they beamed with; delight at the gaily decoratedl elephants in the parade. Tito and Kosygin 'sipped tea together at a garden party given by India's President, Zakir Husain, this afternoon. But the Milling snob surging forward to greet then't- Made serious talk impossible. q74iv PID114.1 IV 4 FlePSR._ Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 � S. Koreans Are Nervous; U.N. Action Discounted In Seoul By Richard Halloran Wash'net= Post Foreign Service SEOUL, Jan. 26 � South Korean officials today ex- pressed mild approval of U.S. military deployment for possi- ble action against North Korea, but they were dubious that taking the crisis to the United Nations would accom- plish anything. A government spokesman said that President Johnson has shown "firm determina- tion" to stop "aggressive acts of provocation." He called on North Koreans "to repent of the crimes they have already committed" and return the captured USS Pueblo and its crew before North Korea is dealt "strong reprisals." The U.S. military moves 4n- dude stationing the aircraft carrier Enterprise within striking distance of North Korea, moving two fighter squadrons from Okinawa to Korea, and calling up some U.S. reserves. South Korea re- portedly is also considering a _ reserves callup. On the American decision to: take the conflict to the Secu-i rity Council, one Korean offi- cial said, "All they do is sit ' around and talk." Others noted that North Korea has never recognized the compe- tence of the United Nations to deal with any Korean prob- lems. Diplomatic Moves . Foreign Minister Choe Kyu' Ha today called in all ambas- sadors, including the French dean of the diplomatic corps, to discuss Sunday's attempted assassination of President Park Chung Hee. Cboe also instructed the South Korean U.N. observer, Kim Young Shik, to deliver a letter to Secretary General U Thant setting forth the South Korean case. The South Korean govern- ment and people are still nerv- ous about.. what the United States will do if the diplo- matic approach fails, as they expect. Two reports that the United States had advised Seoul of American readiness to strike North Korea if diplo- macy does not succeed were firmly denied by both U.S. and South Korean officials. In a sidelight, there was a , flurry of excitement when a Korean newsman noticed an American selling furniture in preparation for leaving Seoul. Although this is an everyday occurrence here, the Koreans read it as a sign of pullout if there is a war. _ United Press Inteinattonal Ambassador Goldberg uses a map in stating the U.S. view in the Pueblo crisis. No Panic -Seoul generally was calm. The nighttime curfew has been moved back to the usual midnight deadline although se- curity precautions after mid- night are extremely strict. Nervous guards with fingers on rifle triggers stopped one vehicle six times last night in less than two miles. But this morning the skat- ing pond in front of the Dult. Soo Palace in the center of Seoul was full of children bun- dled in bright sweaters against Korea's clear but bitter cold winter. Night life is reviving in this usually funloving city. On the military front, an- other American soldier was killed this � morning near the Demilitarized Zone in a fire- fight with North Koreans. U.S. and South Korean troops con- tinued to round up remnantS of the 31-man team that tried to kill President Park. They have killed 24 and captured one since Sunday.� North Korea reportedly has i put its entire military force into full mobilization but has - not yet mobilized its 1.2 mil- lion militiamen. Korean mili- tary sources reported that North Korean Migs flew about 40 sorties' near the DMZ today. This Crisis has led to some' political cohesion between the governing and opposition par- ties, at odds since last spring's election in which both admit- ted to irregularities. Government and opposition leaders have been meeting, the government is briefing the I opposition on the situation,' and a joint inspection team, visited anti-infiltration opera- tions headquarters and troops; Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 471-14 .761 012A)14� Th-PF-12- Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 U.S. Insists Ship Was on High Seas By Robert H. Estabrook Washington Poet Foreign service UNITED NATIONS, N.Y., Jan. 26�The United States appealed grimly to the Security Council today to help obtain return of the captured naval vessel Pue- blo and its crew lest con- tinued international inac- tion "be an invitation to catastrophe.". Using maps to demonstrate the position o: the Pueblo, U.S. Ambassador Arthur J. Goldberg cited monitored North Korean as well as American broadcasts which he said proved that the ship had not been in North Korean ter- ritorial waters and was not when North Korean naval units boarded it Tuesday. The Pueblo was at least 15- nautical miles from any North Korean territory at the time - of the incident, Goldberg indi- 'rated, and had standing in- structions to stay at least 13 nautical miles offshore. North Korea claims territorial waters to a 12-mile limit No Hat Pursuit "I want to lay to rest�com- pletely to rest�some intima- �tions.that the Pueblo had in- truded upon the territorial wawters and was sailing away from territorial waters and that the Nirth Korean units were in 1.. ht pursuit,� Goldberg assert- led. "This is not the case at all," he added, referring to a map Ito show that the Pueblo had approached from the south- east. Delegates sad the tense atmo 'sphere in the Security Council was similar to that during the Cuban missile crisis, when the United States produced photo- graphs to demonstrate the dan- ger to members. Soviets Blame U.S. But the Soviet Union showed no sign here of serious concern. After criticizing the U.S. request to have the mat- ter considered urgently and voting against adoption of the agenda, Ambassador Platon D. Morozo7 blamed the United States for all the tension over Korea. The United States, he said, is motivated by a "war psy- chosis." Goldberg anticipated criti- cisms that the Pueblo was a spy ship by asserting that So- " viet communications monitor- ing ships are engaging in the same activities and sail much closer to foreign shores. One such Soviet ship right now is to be found in the Sea of Japan, and currently is not far from South Korean shores," he declared. Cites Terrorism In addition to presenting the urgent complaint about the Pueblo, Goldberg cited a new report by the United Na- tions -command In South Korea noting a substantial in- crease in instances of terror- ism and sabotage perpetrated by North Korea. During 1967 there were 566 such incidents in wIckli 153 � NATIONS�From Page Al Ship Appeal Taken to U .N . .persons were killed. The inci- the 12-mile limit, and that the procedural motion to adopt .dents culminated this week in North Koreans knew this." the agenda. Several other an attmept by 31 specially' The seizure of the ship and ddelegations which voted for trained agents to assassinate, crew, he said, is "an act which wa eor ep t notion cmo Idle ict ti eeard t dt hsadtp tphoeryt no member of the Unt Na- any particualr action. torts could tolerate." But none of this impressed President Park Chung ties of South Korea. The United States re-, Morozov, who waved aside the quested the Security Coun- Istatistios and repeated North cil meeting, Goldberg said at Korean claims that the Pile had come within 7.6 nautical miles of the shore. He referred to a confession allegedly- broadcast by the Puehln'n oar,- tain, Cmdr. Lloyd M. Bucher. Goldberg Angered of This infuriated Goldberg. roan armistice agreements Referring to the "so-called 1953 and of the United Na- tions Charter and of interna- tional law." - The United States has stated its desire to settle the matter promptly and peacefully "and if at all pos- sible by diplomatic means," he continued. "The existing situation can- not be allowed to stand. It must be corrected and the Council must face up to its responsibility to see it cor- rected. This course is far more preferable to other rem- edies which the Charter re- serves to member states." The last sentence was a possible reference to uni- lateral military action by-the. United States under article 51 of the Charter covering the right of self-defense. Goldberg referred to a broadcast by the Pueblo at noon last Tuesday, the time of the incident, saying it was stopped dead at a position 25 nautical miles from the North Korean port of Wonsan, 16.3 from the nearest point of the mainland and 15.3 from the nearest North Korean island. .An intercepted broadcast from North Korean sub chaser 35, which accosted the Pueblo, cited a position a mile farther offshore, he asserted. He also cited broadcasts or- dering North Korean vessels to make the Pueblo_their tan, get. Four surrounde Pueblo and ordered it to heave to or face fire. - Intrusion Denied ' The North Koreans knew that the Pueblo was lightly armed and "in no position to engage in a hostile, warlike act," Goldberg continued. One North Korean broadcast even referred to the veagel,a armed, he said. The Pueblo had come from the southeast, Goldberg said, referring to a map to show its course. He added: "It is incontrovertible from this type of evidence, which Is. physical evidence .gf, national Morse Code signals and voice reports, that the Pueblo when first approached and when seized was in inter. national waters, well beyond: the outset, "to consider the grave threat. to peace which the authorities of North Ko- rea have brought about by their increasingly dangerous and aggressive military ac- tions in violation of the En- confession" in reply, he�gIra he recognized "the Soviet ex- perience in coerced and fabri- cated confessions." - � Morozov, however, reVe.7176 to his insistence that U.S. forces in South Korea � the remnants of the United Na- tions Command which repelled a North Korean invasion in 1950�are the cause of all the trouble. This is a line which � the Soviet Union tried .haM. to press in the General As- sembly last fall. Another Communist dele- gate said that Morozov had had no instructions from Mos- cow as of noon today and that he would engage in a holding operation. Ironically, Morozov was fill- ing in for the newly designat Soviet permanent rep enta- tive to the United Nations, Deputy Foreign Minister Ja- kob Malik. A walkouL...11Y Malik from the Security Coun- cil in the spring of 1950 en- abled the Council to escape a Soviet veto in setting up _a unified command in the'- rean war with the U.S. as its agent. What the United States can expect to gain from the_Jks: cussion in the Security Coun- cil other than to dramatize the incident and bring diplo- matic pressure on North Korea remains unclear. Council President Ag'ha Shahi of Pakistan set another Council meeting for 19:30 a.m. Saturday, but no one betteval that any resolution to con- demn North Korea could sur- vive a Soviet veto. Even a resolution urging -releasef the Pueblo and its crew an respect for the 1953 armistice might encounter a veto. The United States has proposed no resolution so far:- But Canadian Ambassador George Ignatieff suggested the dispatch of a special U.N. representative to exercrarggid offices in the Korean situa- tion. The Council should lose no time "in bringing the heal-, tog touch of diplonto hear," he said. In preliminary sparring to- day the Soviet Union, Hungary and Algeria voted against the WAN 1 UbRn.1)n) Psftic, See NATIONS, All, Cot 'z Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 PUEBLO CAPTIVES�North Kocra last night quoted the USS photograph of Bucher "writing his confession of espionage activity" Pueblo skipper, Cmdr. Lloyd Bucher, as saying he and his men (left). His wife said it resembled him but she could not be sure. were in good health. Previously North Korea had distributed a North Korea also distributed a photograph allegedly showing WO- - . AP NVIrephOtos cers and their men after their capture (right), but did not say where the picture was taken. The Pyongyang regime also broadcast the text of an alleged interview with Bucher. Story on Page A14._ :ZcS' -7AM ,402.1.1,447 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 're Uniled State.; has re- quested this meeting, as 1 stated in. toy letter lo you, to consider the grave threat to peace which the authori- ties of. North Korea have brought about by their in- creasingly dangerous and aggressive military actions in violation of the Korean armistice agreement of 1953, of the United Nations Char, ter, and of international law. We have asked that the Council be convened at an hour when peace is in seri- ous and imminent danger action � is required to avert �when firm and forthwith that danger and preserve peace. A virtually unarmed ves- sel of the United Stales Navy, sailing on the high seas, has been wantonly and lawlessly seized by armed North Korean patrol boats. and her crew forcibly di-- tained. This warlike action carries a danger to peace which should be obvious to all. A party of armed raiders, Infiltrated from North Ko- rea, has been intercepted in the act of invading the South Korean capital city of Seoul with the admitted as- signment of assassinating the president of the Repub- lic of Korea. This event marks the climax of a cam- paign by the North Korem authorities, over the past Id months, of steadily growing infiltration, sabotage and terrorism in flagrant viola- tion of the Korean armistice agreement. Parallel Actions Mr. President, these two lines of action are manifest- ly parallel. Both stem from North Korea. Both are com- pletely unwarranted and un- justified. Both are aimed against peace and security in Korea. Both -violate thc United Nations Charter, sol- emn international ag re e- ments, and time-honored in- ternational law. And both pose a grave threat to peace in a country whose long search for peace and reunifi- cation in freedom has been an historic concern to the . United Nations and of any country. We bring these grave de- velopments to the attention of the Security Council in the sincere hope that t h e Council will act promptly to l'emove the danger to inter- national peace and security. For Mr. President, it must be removed and without de- lay. And it will be removed only if action is taken forth- with to secure the release ' of the USS Pueblo and its 83-man crew and to bring to an end the pattern of armed transgressions by North Korea against the Republic of Korea. My government has stated at the highest level our earnest desire to settle this matter promptly and peacefully and, it at ail possible, by diplomat ic means. It is testimony to this de- sire that infidelity to the charter my government has -brought this matter to the Security Council which has the primary responsibility for the maintenance of in- ternational peace and secur- iiy. and which, ogothor with other organs of the United Nations, has a special, an historic concern Inc peace and security in Korea. Approved for Release � Responsibility It is imperative, therefore, that the Security Council act with the greatest urgen- cy and decisiveness. The ex- isting situation cannot be al- lowed to stand. It must be corrected and the Council must face up to its respon- sibility to see it corrected. This course is far more pre- ferable to other remedies which the cicis.rter rests:Ix-a to member states. Let' one' flow turn to the !acts concerning these two aspect:: of No-lb Korean aggressive conduct on which the C:ouncirs action is ur- � gently required. Al 12 noon on January 23, Korean time, the United. Stares Ship Pueblo manned, ' by a crew of six officers, 75 enlisted men, and two civil- 'tans, and sailing in inter national waters off the North Korean coast, was .cortfronted by a heavily armed North Korean patrol heat identified as submarine chawr Number 33. � The strict instructions under which the Pueblo was operating required it to stay at least 13 nautical miles from. the North Korean coast. While my country ad- heres to the three-mile rule of international law con- cerning territorial waters, nevertheless the ship was under orders whose effect was to stay well clear of the 12- mile limit which the North Korean authorities have by long practice fol- lowed. The USS Pueblo reported this encounter and its loca- tion at the time in the fol- lowing words�and I wish to quote exactly what was re- ported by radio at the time of the encounter � "USS Pueblo encountered one SO-1 class North 'Korean patrol craft at . 0300"�that is at 12 noon Korean time� and then, I am repeating its broadcast�"position 39-25.2 NL 127-55.0 EL DIW." I might explain that DIW means "dead in water," the ,stanArd termtnology mean- AV.thal all engines are at aped and the vessel was ;stlitahlarY. Approved for Release : 2018/08/22 C06638269 . lf1ie',i11-ap t; Now,- With e,,,,,s� k rn, Mr. Presi � i it. I :Mould ike.' to refer -to this matt provided for the convenience . of the Council and show the exact location of the Pueblo as given in these coordi- nates. If the members of tht Council will look at the map, you will see a Number 3 blue. Number 3 blue is ap- proximately 25 nautical miles from the port of Won- san. It is 16.3 nautical miles iron) the nearest point of the North Korean mainland en the peninsula of Hod�. Pando, and 15.3 nautical miles from the island of Ung-do. Now, at exactly the same time, the North Korean sub- marine chaser Number 35 which intercepted the Pueb- lo reported its own location in the Number 3 red�and this is a report now from the North Korean submarine chase]. Number 35 monitored by us�and that location was 19 degrees 25 minutes north � latitude and 127 degrees 56 minutes east longitude. You will note the positions. In other words, these two re- ported positions are within a mile of one another and show conclusively that ac- cording to the North Korean Amor', as well as cur own, Mat the Pueblo was in inter- national waters. Oral Message The report of its location liy the North Korean craft, inade by international morse code, was followed ten min- utes later by the following oral message from the North Korean craft to its base, ' and I quote it: "We have approached the target here, the name of the target is GEE 1-2." Now, we talk about the Pueblo and that is the name by which the ship is, of course, known. But the tech- nical name for this ship is GEE 2 and this name was painted on the side of the ship. The. message continued, and I again quote-the Korean radio message in Korean words: "Get it? GEE 1-2: did you get it? So our con- trol target is GEE 1-2. 1 will send it again. Our control target is GEE 1-2." Inasmuch as the location of the Pueblo is of course a matter of vital importance, it is important to the Coun- cil to know that the informa- tion available to the United States as reported by our a easel to our authorities and to the North Korean author- ities as reported by its ves- sel and transmitted by its � own ship was virtually iden- tical, with only this small margin of difference. And, interestingly enoug h, the North Korean ship reported the Pueblo to be about a mile farther away from the shoreline than the United States fix of its position. So you see, the North Korean broadcast, monitored, was reporting what I have stated to this Council. Mr. President, we have numerous other reports dur- ing this encounter consistent With the location I have de- scribed. A n d information other than coordinates cor- roborative of what I have said IS by voice monitor. In- formation on rordinates, as I said, was by internatiOn- el mors,. ende. : 2018/08/22 C06638269 'Heave To' The North Korean patrol boat, having made its ap- proach, used international flag signals to request the Pueblo's nationality. The Pueblo, replying with the same signal system, identi- fied herself as a United States vessel. The North Korean vessel then sign- alled: "Heave to or I will open fire on you." The Pue- blo replied: "I am in inter- national waters." The reply was not chal- lenged by the North Korean vessel, which under interna- tional law, if there had been an intrusion�which there was not�should have escorted the vessel from the area in which it was. How- ever, that vessel then pro- ceeded for approximately an hour m circle the Pueblo, which maintained its course and kept its distance from the shore. At that point three additional North Ko- rean armed vessels appeared, one of which ordered the Pueblo: "F olio w in my wake." As -this order was is- sued, the four North Korean vessels closed in on the ' Pueblo and surrounded it. At the same time two Migt aircraft appeared overhead and circled the Pueblo. The Pueblo attempted peacefully to withdraw from this encir- clement but was forcibly � Prevented from doing so and brought to a dead stop. It was then seized by an armed � boarding party and forced into the North Korean port of Wonsan. Now, reports from the North Korean naval vessels no their location and on their seizure of the Pueblo at this point show that the Pueblo was constantly in in- ternational waters. At 1:50 p.m. Korean time, within a few minutes of the reported boarding of the Pueblo, North Korean ves- sels reported their position at 39-26 NL 128-02 EL or about 21.3 miles from the . nearest North Korean land. This is the point on the map here. And we would-be very glad. Mr. President, to make this map di ailable for the rncorcis nf t h e Sceuhty Council. .211) Denies Intrusion Now. Mr. President. I want In lay to rest�com- pletely to rest�some intima- tions that the Pueblo had in- truded upon the territorial waters and was sailing away from territorial waters and that the North Korean ships were in hot pursuit: This is not the case at all and I shall demonstrate it by this map. Now, we will show by limes and the course of the vessel exactly what occurred and you will see from this that the location of the Pueb- lo was constantly far away from Korean shores, always away from the 12-mile limit until it was taken into Won- san by the North Korean vessels. The locations of the Pueblo are shown on the blue line and the location of the SO-I 035, the first North Korean vessel, on the red Now, the Pueblo, far from having sailed from inside territorial waters to outside territorial waters, was cruis, ins in an area�in this area �and this will he demon- strated by the time sequence �and when I say, "this � area," I mean the area that is east and south of any ap- proach to the 12-mile limit. � At 0830 Korean local time, the Pueblo was at the loca- tion I now point to on the map. It had come to that point from the southeast, not from anywhere in this vicinity. And that is point one on the map so that our record will be complete. Point two on the map shows the position of the North Korean submarine chaser number 35 as reported by her at 10:55, and you will see that she is close to�the North Korean vessel, not the Pueblo � the 12-mile limit Point number three is the � position reported by the Pueblo at 12 o'clock noon and you will see that she is a considerable distance from the 12-mile limit, which ii the dotted line. Red point number three is the position reported by the North Korean submarine chaser number 35 at 12 o'clock noon, when it signal- led the Pueblo to stop. In other words, this is the po- sition of the North Korean vessel, this is the position of the Pueblo; and the position of the North Korean vessel that I point, to, the red line, .the position audibly by the North Korean vessel. There In very little difference in these two reports. Mitt number four is the position reported by the North Korean vessel at. 13:50, 1:50 p.m., when she re- ported boarding the Pueblo. And you will recall that I just told the Council that the Pueblo, seeking to escape the encirclement, did not move in the direc- tion which would have trans- gressed the 12-mile limit. Now, all of this is verified not by reports solely from the Pueblo; all of this is verified by reports from the North Korean vessels which were monitore." and I think it is a very clear picture of exactly what transpired. Here, too, Mr. President, with your permission, we will make this available. Approved for Release: North illieans' Intent Mr. 11111Fident, it is ineon- trovertible from this type of evidence, which is physical . evidence of International Morse Code signals and voice reports, that the Pueb- � lo when first approached and when seized, was inter- national waters, well beyond the 12-mile limit; and that the North Koreans knew this. Further compounding this offense against internation- al law, and the gravity of this warlike act, is the fact that the North Koreans clearly intended to capture the Pueblo, knowing that it was in international waters, and force it to sail into the port of Wonsan. This aim is made clear by messages ex- changed among the North Korean vessels themselves which we. monitored, includ- ing the following: "By talk- ing this way, it will be enough to understand ac- cording to present instruc- tions we will close down the radio, tie up the personnel, tow it and enter port at Wonsan. At present we are on our way to boarding. We are coming in." This is an EACT voice broadcast from the ship which acknowledges the instructions that it was following. Now, Mr. President, in light of this, this was no mere incident, no ease of mistaken identity, no case of mistaken location. It was nothing less than a deliber- ate, premeditated, armed at- tack on a United States nav- al vessel on the high seas, an attack whose gravity is underlined by these simple facts which I should now like to sum up. The location of the Pueblo in international waters was fully known to the North Korean authorities since the broadcasts were not only be- tween its own ships but were directed to its shore installations. The Pueblo was so lightly armed that the North Kor- eans in one of the converse- -. lions which we have moni- tored even reported it as un- armed. The Pueblo was therefore in no position to engage in � a hostile, warlike act towards the territory or vessels of North Korea; and the North Koreans knew this. NeVerthesless, the Pueblo, clearly on the high seas, was forcibly stopped, boarded and seized by North Korean armed vessels. This is a knowing and willful aggres- sive act�part of a deliberate series of actions in contra- vention of international law and of solemn international � arrangements designed to keep peace in the area, which apply not only to land forces but to naval forces as well. It is an action which � no member of the United Nations could tolerate. I might- add, in light of the comments of the distin- guished Soviet representa- tive on the adoption of the agenda, that Soviet ships engaged in exactly the same activities as the Pueblo sail much closer to the Shores of other states. And one such � Soviet ship right now is to be found in the Sea of Ja- pan, and currently is not far from South Korean Shores. 2018/08/22 C06638269 Turn-s- to-1-n-filtratiab . I turn now to t1W,Iln.). grave caleitory of aggressite actions taken by the Nort!i ;Korean authorities: Their systematic campaign of in- filtration, sabotage and ter- rorism across the armistice demarcation line, in gross violation of the armistice agreement�not only in the vicinity of the Demilitarized Zone but also in many eases deep in the territory of the Republic of Korea � cul- minating in the recent raid against the capital city of Seoul, the Presidential Pal- ace and the person of the President of the Republic. The gravity of this cam- paign has already been made known to the Security Coun- cil. Last Nov.2 I conveyed to the Council a report front the United Nations Com- mand in Korea, summing tip the evidence of a drastic in- crease in violations by North Korea of the Korean armistice agreement and subsequent agreement per- taming thcrto. This report, Security Council Document S/8217 noted that the number of incidents involving arm- ed infiltrators from North Korea had increased from 50 in 1966 to 543 in the first ten months of 1967; and that the number of soldiers and civilians killed by these in- filtrators had increased frome 35 in 1966 to 144 in the same, period of 1967. The further report of the United Nations Command for the whole year 1967, filed today, shows a :Mai of 566 incidents for 1967 and a total of 153 individuals killed by the North Korean infiltrators, The United Na- tions Command in its report has further pointed out that, although North Korea had refused all requests by the United Nations Corn- mandin for investigation of these incidents by joint ob- server teams pursuant to the armistice agreement, the evidence that the at- tacks had been mounted Irons North Korea is incon- testable. This eveidence is subject to verification by these reports, which are on file with the Security Coun- cil. The terrorist campaign, Mr.- President, has now reached a new level of out- rage. Last Sunday, Jan. 21, security forces of the Re- public of Korea made con- tact with a group of some 30 armed North Koreans near the Presidential Palace in Seoul. In a series of en- gagements, both in Seoul and between Seoul and the Demilitarized Zone, lasting through .ban. 24, about half or this. group were killed and two captured. It has now been ascertained that the infiltration team totaled 31 agents, all with the rank of lieutenant or higher, dis- - patched from the 124th ' North Korean Army unit; that these agents had re- ceived two years' training including two weeks of training for the present mis- sion, in special: camps es- tablished in North Korea ' for this purpose; and that their assigned mission in- cluded the assassination of the president of the Repub. lie Of Korea. T." add, .7\f r.17F-resi- dent, that the North. Kbrean authorities make no secret of the political stratc:_ly and motivation behind these at- tacks.. Their daily propa- ganda vilifies the govern- ment of the Republic of Korea and denies its very right to exist. Yet, Mr. Pres- ident, this same government of the Republic of Korea is recognized by 77 zovern- ments, is a member of nu- merous specialized agencies of the United Nations and enjoys observer status at the United Nations Head- quarters. Increase in Tempo Seen Mr. President, it is obvious -that this long series of at- tacks by North Korean infil- trators across the Demilitar- ized Zone � and by other groups of North. Korean armed personnel , which, traveled by sea, have pene- trated into even the south- ern portions of South Korea � has steadily increased in its tempo and its. scope � until it threatens to under- mine the whole structure of the armistice regime, under which peace has been pre- served in a divided Korea for 14 years. In the interest of intern- Donal peace and security. this deterioration cannot he allowed to continue. It must be reversed promptly. The armistice agreements must be restored to their full vigor, and the weight of the influence of the Security Council must he exerted to this vitally important end. Mr. President, these are the facts of the threat to peace created by North Korea's aggressive actions on sea and land. With all earnestness I ask the Serur- ity Council to act firmly and swiftly to rectify this dan- gerous situation and elimin- ate this threat to peace. Despite the most Serious ' provocation � a provocat inn which every nation would recognize as serious and dangerous�my government is exercising great restraint in this matter. We seek to give the processes of peace- ful action all possible scope. We believe those Processes , can work swiftly and effec- tively, if the international community �including the members of this Council, individually and collectively, so will it. But, Mr. President, these peaceful processes must wan. Titc present situation is not acceptable and it can- I not be left to drift. This great and potent organiza- tion of peace must not let the cause of peace in Korea be lost by default to the high-handed tactics of a law- less regime. Such a course would be an invitation to catastrophe. Therefore, let the Security Council, wills its great influ- ence, promptly anti effec- tively help to secure forth- with the safe return of the Pueblo and her crew, and to restore to full vigor anti effectiveness the Korean armistice agreement. Fellow members of the Security Council, we have a clear and urgent responsibil- ity under the Charter to help keep thc peeve. I trust Vie Council will discharge tinis responsibility, � Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 �Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 � A SOVIET TRAWLER 'MAILS ENTERPRISE Intelligence Ship Sailing in Midst of Carrier's Task ' Force Off South Korea By United Press International � WASHINGTON, Jan. 26�De- fense Department officials said tonight that a Soviet intelli- gence-gathering vessel was shadowing the nuclear aircraft carrier Enterprise off the coast of South Korea. The Soviet vessel, identified as the Gidrolog, was said to be sailing in the midst of the En- terprise's task force, which in- cludes a guided-missile ship and several destroyers. � The trawler is on essentially the same sort of mission as the Pueblo was engaged in when she was seized by the North Koreans on Tuesday, the officials said. The Enterprise was sent to the Sea of Japan off Korea in a show of force in response to the seizing of the Pueblo and the 83 men on board. Another Soviet Ship in Area , The United States is doing nothing about the trawler's presence, the officials said, be- cause she is in international waters. In the past, the United States has largely ignored the activity of such trawlers,. even when they got inside United States ship formations during maneuvers. The officials cited the traw- ler as an example of how com- monplace such seaborne es- pionage was. [The Pentagon declined comment on the report that a Soviet ship was trailing the Enterprise, Reuters re- ported.] Meanwhile, at the United Nations, Arthur J. Goldberg, ithe United States delegate, lcharged that another Soviet ;intelligence ship "right now is to be found in the Sea of 1Japan, not far from South Ko- rean shores." The officials said the seizure of the Pueblo was not t;ua tc error in judgment on the par of the skipper, ComJr. Loy,' 'J. Bucher. They said the ec^' .�� c United f'.-t'n m""-.7 � (^:". .rnifReis- nOrtb- to' ther Pueblo's aid was not because of a lack of American military strength in the area. Rather they cited four facts: qAmerican military officials in the area were not immed- iately sure of just what had occurred, whether the incident was a deliberate act by the North Koreans, a mistake or the unauthorized act of a local commander. qThe weather was bad for dispatching aircraft to the area. There were snow flurries and a relatively low ceiling. .q0nly three to four hours of daylight were left at the time Commander Bucher radioed his first request for assistance. He did this when his ship was ac- tually boarded, the officials said, an hour and. 45 minutes after first being confronted by North Korean forces. (Military commanders had to assume the attack might. have been, planned' and in that case, the North .Koreans would also have planned to have reinforce- ments available. . Because of these factors, the Defense officials said, the com- manders in the Pacific area decided against immediately dispatching aircraft to the scene. The officials said American intelligence - gathering ships such as the Pueblo, were corn 'monly followed or harassed by ;ships of Communist nations. I They said that, if the United .States wanted to, it could pick .up "15 to 20" Soviet intelli- gence trawlers that operate off the American coast. Confession Called 'Phony' BOYSTOWN, Neb., Satur- day�lan. 27, (UPD�The head of Boys Town yesterday com- pared the handwriting of Commander Lloyd Bucher with a copy of the "confes- sion" North Korea asserts he wrote and called the "con- fession" a "lousy, phony thing." The document was transmitted by press agen- ciese. Msgr. Nicholas H. Wegner, director of Boys Town, ex- amined the records and let- ters of the commander, who had studied there. "This is not iiis hand- , writing- at all," Monsignor ; Wegner said. � :U.S. Again Requests _ted States and North Koji � Soviet Intercession rea. A few hours later, another By RAYMOND It ANDERSON Special to The New York Theo MOSCOW, Jan. 26 � Llewellyn E. Thompson, the United States Ambassador, made another trip today to the ,Soviet Foreign Ministry to seek ISoviet intercession in the crisis, over North Korea's seizure ofi the American intelligence ship! Pueblo. The visit came amid indica-1 tions that the Soviet Govern- ment had not yet made a final decision whether to ap- proach the North Korean Gov- ernment. Moscow rebuffed the first request by Washington for assistance. Early today, an official of the Soviet Foreign Ministry declared at a diplomatic recep- Ition that Moscow would never consent to act as a mediator in the dispute between the official was reported to have challenged this statement. By the end of the day, the Foreign Ministry's press de- partment limited its comment on the affair to a remark that it did not know what the So- viet Government planned to do. It is � not 'clear here how much influence Moscow would be able to assert in North Korea even if it should desire to intervene. The North Koreans have proclaimed a pol- icy of independent Commu- nism, shunning the guidance both of the Russians and their Chinese rivals. President Johnson's call-up yesterday of 14,787 Air Force and Navy reservists to active duty is assumed to have given the Soviet leadership cause for serious examinatiorrof the pos- gibilities of involvement in a new conflict in Korea. The Soviet Union is bound by a defense treaty signed in 1961 to give military assistance "with all forces and by every ft'IN) 'I �17rv") ES 4' Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 I means" if North Korea shOilid7 .:ome under threat of attack: The Soviet press has not yeti mentioned Washington's over, lures- to Moscow for interces- iion with North Korea. It is be- ieved that the publicity given io the United States' ap- proaches is embarrassing to the Russians on the 'ground that it makes them vulnerable to Chi- nese Communist accusations of collaboration with the "imperi- alists." Newspaper accounts of the Pueblo incident depict the Unit- ed States as the villain. Izvestia, the Soviet Govern- ment newspaper, asserted to- night that President Johnson was using the Pueblo incident, as a pretext to call up military. reserves for the Vietnam war.. In a dispatch from Washing- ton headlined "They Are Stir-1 ring Up Hysteria," the news- paper declared: "It is well known that, for al long time, Johnson has been faced with the temptation to call up reserves. The Pentagon has been having trouble finding the new tens of thousands of soldiers to send to the jungles. "The generals have been pressing the President for a long time to take this step, but he was reluctant because of the obvious political unpopularity of the call up of reserves.- "The incident with the Pueblo' !Ave the White House a good ustification." Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 � 'SENATORS ASSAIL POLICY ON PUEBLO ar.widt Charges 'Bungling'.� Rusk Is Sad to Promise Review of Spy Ship Use By JOHN W. FINNEY Special to The New Took Thews WASHINGTON, Jan. 26 � The Administration ran into criticism and charges of "bung- ling" today in the Senate Foreign Relations Committee for permitting the intelligence ship Pueblo to operate off the North Korean coast at a time of political tension in the Far East. As a result of the criticism, Secretary of State Dean Rusk was reported to have given as- surances that the Administra- tion would reconsider its poli- cies governing the operation of electronic spy ships off the shores of Communist nations. Meanwhile, in New York, Senator Jacob K. Javits called for Congress to conduct an in- quiry into the Pueblo incident and other foreign policy issues. Mr. Rusk, who appeared be- fore the committee in executive session for a secret briefing on the Pueblo incident, ob- tained the unanimous support )f the committee members for :.he Administration's diplomatic' efforts to obtain from North Korea release of the Pueblo and her crew. The committee members were reported to have stressed that the Administration should not rush into any military ac- tion. Committee Is Critical But when Mr. Rusk asked for committee advice on how to handle the incident, he was reported to have received in- stead criticism of the Adminis- tration for permitting the in- cident to develop. The sharpest criticism was reported to have come from Senator Karl E. Mundt, RepUb- lican of South Dakota, who is normally one of the more mili- tant conservatives on the com- mittee. In response to the Rusk re- quest for advice, Senator Mundt was understood to have com- plained that the Administration had "bungled very badly" in permitting the Pueblo to oper- ate off the North Korean coast. Senator Mundt was reliably reported to have told Mr. Rusk that "we should not be running spy ships into controversial areas in a provocative manner unless it is highly important that we get information that, is not otherwise available." If such missions are absolute- -- or by naval power over use horizon." Similar criticism, in some- what less blunt terms, was un- derstood to have come from other committee members, such as Senator Frank J. Lausche, Democrat of Ohio, and Senator Stuart Symington, Democrat of Missouri. � In response to the criticism, .Mr. Rusk was reported to have ;told the committee members that the Administration "might have to rethink" its past poll- -cies on the operations of in- telligence ships and take steps to see that such incidents as ,the seizure of the Pueblo did not recur. 'Uneasy Truce' From the criticism, it was apparent the Pueblo incident was having the significant po- litical effect of producing a co- alescing of views between lib- erals and conservatives on the committee, between critics and supporters of the Administra- tion's. Vietnam policy. Their new common ground is a desire for a Congressional ;restraint on the foreign policy ;commitments undertaken by ,the Administration and a con- cern that as a result of Viet- ternational waters at all nam the nation is in danger of stages, according to every in. becoming militarily and politi- dication we have. And there rally overextended. 1.-are indications that the other The latter concern was re-,side also, knew that." flected in the comments of; When pressed on this point Senator Mundt, who in the past within the committee, Mr. has been a supporter of the Ad- Rusk was said to have ex- ministration's Vietnam policy.iplained that he could not be Mr. Mundt was understood to categorical because the Pueblo, have advised Mr. Rusk that the�until the time of her seizure, Administration should notWas maintaining radio silence Continued From Page I, cal. 5 'undertake such intelligence ,patrols "in a period of uneasy ly� necessary, Senator Mundtitruce, when you already have was understood to have sug- more war on your hands than can handle and when you gested, the ships should not be.3sTiou uldn't be looking for more." sent into such sensitive areas1 After the Rusk briefing, some unless protected by air cuver�committee members privately expressed some doubts that high authorities in the execu- tive branch and the military were aware of the mission of the Pueblo. The effect of the Pueblo inci- dent, in the opinion of some committee members, will there- fore be to reinforce a move within the committee to inves- tigate the Administration's handling of the 1964 Gulf of Tonkin incidents, in which two American destroyers were re- ported to have come under attack by North Vietnamese PT boats. The Rusk briefing was under- stood to have put to rest the suspicions of some committee members that before the sei- zure, the Pueblo might have in- truded into North Korean terri- torial waters, as has been charged by North Korea. Territorial Waters Asked by reporters after the hearing whether the Pueblo had at any time entered North Korean territorial waters be- fore her seizure, Mr. Rusk re- plied: "We have no information whatever pointing in that di- rection. The ship was in in- Warning by North Reported TOKYO, Jan. 26 (Reuters)�; Sankei Shimbun reported today'. that North Korea had warned it might take action against the Pueblo two weeks before the vessel was seized. The' newspaper's Washington correspondent, Yoneo Sakai, said the paper of the North Ko- rean Labor (Communist) party said on Jan. 9 that the Govern- ment would take action if the Pueblo continued its intelli- gence activities for more than two weeks. Quoting informed sources, the correspondent said Wash- ington had directed Adm: Ulysses S. Grant Sharp, Com- mander in Chief, Pacific, to be ;prudent, but that the directive i for some reason failed to reach ;the Pueblo. Z74-ai 01 ifrsES and was not reporting her po- sition. But he was said to have emphasized that the ship was under strict orders not to come any closer than 13 miles from the North Korean shore., North Korea clahns a I2-mile. territorial sea. Percy Calls for Caution Specie 19 The New York Times NEWARK, Jan. 26�Senator Charles H. Percy of Illinois sup- ported tonight President John- son's effort to ekhaust diplo- matic negotiations before other courses are taken to rescue the Pueblo. Senator Percy, a Republican, said at a news conference here that "I agree with the President that every diplomatic move must be taken to rectify the atrocity that has been commit- ted. But this is a time to keep cool heads and be Very cautious n what we say and do. We must take into account that what we have at stake here is 85 lives. How many lives might be lost if we go in and seize an empty ship?" The Senator came here to address a dinner given by the 200 Club, .a group of Newark businessmen who organized more than a year ago to provide financial help to widows and survivors of law enforcement officers and firemen who lost their lives in the line of duty. Case Backs President Senator Clifford P. Case, Re- publican of New Jersey, said yesterday he supported Presi- dent Johnson's efforts in at- tempting to recover the intelli- gence ship Pueblo. "This is a very serious situa- tion," he said. "It was an out- rageous action." He spoke to the Columbia University Law Alumni Asso- ciation at the Commodore Hotel. Some U.S. Codes Altered Since Loss Of Intelligence Ship Special to The New York Times WASHINGTON, Jan. 26 � Some code changes have been made as a general precaution by the United States Navy and other Government agencies since the intelligence ship Pueblo was seized by North Korea Tuesday, American of- ficials said today. But the officials said that even without these changes there would have been no risk to other secret messages. The codes used by the Pueblo and other American ships in communication with their com- mand points are. unique, the officials said, so the capture of one vessel would not provide the key to other codes. A security breach of another sort might have occurred, how- ever. If any of the Pueblo's code machines was captured intact, examination by experts would give the Communists in- formation about American com- munications techniques. It would not allow the break- ing of a code, but it could re- veal how some of the complex ' devices work. Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 U.S. ASKS U.N. TO OBTAM RELEASE OF SHIP AND CREW HELD IN KOREA; JOHNSON, ON TV, TAKES GRAVE VIEW The New York There SPEAKS FOR THE U.S.: Arthur J. Goldberg uses a snap at the United Nations as he presents case against North Korea. It shows Pueblo's positions before and during seizure.. By DREW MIDDLETON special to The sew York "Imes , UNITED NATIONS. N. Y.; Jan. 26�The United States ap- pealed to the Security Councir today to obtain the safe return' of the American intelligence Ship Pueblo and her crew from: North Korea and to restore the, Korean armistice agreements to full effectiveness. Arthur J. Goldberg, the Unit.: ed States representative, told the Council that the seizure of. the Pueblo by North Korean patrol boats last Tuesday was "no case of mistaken identity, no case of mistaken location;". but "a deliberate premeditated [armed attack on a United: 1States vessel on the high seas."- Mr. Goldberg buttressed his assertions that the Pueblo bact 'never been inside Korean ter- ritorial waters by citing mes- sages transmitted by the North Korean vessels. These, Mr. Goldberg asserted, indicated that both the American ship and its captors had been out- side the 12-mile limit that iNorth Korea enforces. Long Speech by Russian The opening meeting of what is expected to be a stormy debate was dominated by Mr. Goldberg and Platon D. Moro- zov of the Soviet Union. Mr. Morozov, who unsuccess- fully contested the inscription of the issue on the Council's' agenda, answered Mr. Goldberg with a long speech in which he scoffed at the American argu- ments and dismissed as worth- less the chart and map that the American spokesman had in- troduced to trace the course of the encounter off North Korea. Mr. Morozov told the Council' he preferred the evidence pro- � vided by a purported confession by Comdr. Lloyd Bucher of the Pueblo that was broadcast over the North Korean radio last night. Mr. Goldberg replied that this was natural in view of the So� - viet experience with "fabricated confessions." He also charged that a Soviet _intelligence ship "right now is to be found in the Sea of Japan, not far from South Korean �shores.'! Defense officials in Continued From Page 1, Col. 8 Washington said tonight that one such ship was in the midst of the task force that included the nuclear carrier Entreprise ;off South Korea. But a member of the United States Mission at the United Nations said Mr. Goldberg had been referring to another Soviet ship. Today's council meeting, which Agha Shahi of Pakistan as this month's President con- vened at 4:23 P.M., recessed at 6:43. He said the Council would meet again at 10:30 A.M. to- morrow. The attitude taken in today's proceedings by the Soviet dele- gate, Karoly Csatorday of Hun- gary and Tewfik Bouattoura of Algeria indicated strong opposi- tion to any effective action by the Council. These three diplomats voted against inscription of the issue on the Council's agenda, but the twelve other members voted n favor. One, Armand Berard of France, quickly explained that his favorable vote did not reflect any stand on the sub- stance of the issue. Mr. Goldberg prefaced his case with a warning that the Council must act with "the :Continued t-in�PaKelSoluntn2 � reesVettecuarren F.rhettnedxi decisive- - 'suit . � uation cannot be allowed to y � 1Eu-) na.v ----- Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269�k The Council, he said must accept its responsibility to cor- rect the situation and this, he added, would be preferable to "other remedies" that the Char- ter reserves to member states. This was interpreted by some diplomats as an allusion to Article 51, which says that nothing in the Charter "shall impair the inherent right of in- dividual or collective self-de- fense if an armed attack occurs against a member of the United I Nations until the Security Council has taken measures necessary to maintain interna- tional peace and security." Mr. Goldberg included in his speech a sharp attack on North Korean infiltration into South Korea and described the gen- eral deterioration of the situa- tion in the peninsula. This "de- terioration cannot be allowed M continue," he declared. But the main focus of his re- marks was that the Pueblo had been captured in international i waters and not within North 1: iKorean territorial waters as fv.. 'North 'Korea contends. '4DY � The Pueblo's own report 1 ant � Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269- � � showed that she was 16.3 nauti- cal miles from the nearest point of the North Korean mainland, or 4.3 miles outside of what the North Koreans consider as their territorial waters. A major point in the case presented by Mr. Goldberg was that a report from the North Korean patrol boat No. 35, which intercepted the Pueblo, showed that her position was within a mile of the American ship at the time. The North Korean report had been moni- tored by the United States. Another North Korean re- port, also intercepted by the Americans. also placed the Pueblo and her interceptor out- side the limits of North Korean waters, !Mr. Goldberg declared But the North Korean report, he went on, put the Pueblo about one mile further away from the North Korean shore- line than the United States fix did. Mr. Goldberg used a chart and a map of the area of the encounter off the port of Won- san to illustrate his points and to answer the argument that the Pueblo had invaded terri- torial waters and" was sailing away with the North Korean ships in hot pursuit. The two reported positions, Mr. Goldberg emphasized, "show conclusively that, according to' the North Korean report as well as our own," the Pueblo was in international Waters. Soviet Practice Noted Mr. Goldberg said that Sovie ships "engage in exactly th, same activities as the Puebloj and sail much closer to thel shores of other states." It was in this connection that he said one such vessel was now in the Sea of Japan not far from South Korean waters. Turning to North Korean ac- tions on land, Mr. Goldberg ;cited reports from the Unitee (Nations Command showing thiu the number of infiltrators int( Red Cross Makes Inquiries Special to 'rile New York Tzars GENEVA, Jan. 26�The Inter:I national Committee of the Red Cross said tonight it was mak- ing inquiries of the North Ko- rea Red Cross concerning the crew of the Pueblo. 'Imperialists' Accused Special tone are York Times : TOKYO, Jan. 26�North Ko-I rea warned today that if the "American imperialists take[ more high-handed measures"' North Korea will be ready to adopt decisive counter-meas- ures against them. The warning was in an edi-:' Peublo'-s ringement was - in f "an torial of Rodong Shinmoon, of the North Korean Labor party, unpardonable act of aggression distributed .by the North Kolviolating the sacred sov- rean press agency And moni- ereignty of the Democratic Peo- tored here. � pie's Republic of Korea and an The editorial said that the � act_ or proywing a war. Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 South Korea increased from 50 .in 1966 to 543 in the first 1 months of 1967. The number of soldiers and civilians killed by these infiltrators, he added, rose from 35 in 1966 to 144 in the first 10 months of 1967. These attacks and the recent North Korean attempt to assas- sinate President Chung Hee Park of South Korea, Mr. Gold- berg said, threaten to under- mine the armistice arrange- ments that have kept the peace in Korea for 14 years. Mr. Morozov spoke for the Soviet Union because Nikolai, T. Fedorenko, the retiring chief representative, left for Moscow this week and his successor, Jacob Malik, has not yet ar-1 rived. PEKING SAYS PUEBLO PUT UP RESISTANCE TOKYO, Jan. 26 (AP)�Offi- cial broadcasts from Peking said today that the Pueblo had �'put up an arrogant resistance" before she was captured by North Korean patrol craft. The broadcasts, breaking a four-day silence, echoed North Korean charges that the intelligence ship had intruded into North Korean territorial waters. This has been denied by the United States. Hsinhua, the official Chinese press agency, and the broad- Casts in Japanese cited reports distributed earlier by North Korea's official press agency. Hsinhua said the Pueblo had "intruded deep into the coastal waters of the Democratic Peo- ple's Republic of Korea, put up an arrogant resistance and the naval ships of the Korean Peo- ple's Army returned fire and killed or wounded several. United States imperialist ag- gressor troops." Gavin 'Appalled' on Pueblo HANOVER, N. H., Jan. 26 (UPI)�Lieut. Gen. James H. Gavin, retired, an opponent of the United States policy in Viet- nam, said today he was "ap- palled" that a captured United :States intelligence ship had no lair cover. He advocated force if necessary to get the Pueblo back. . _ Reagan Sees Chance Lost LOS ANGELES, Jan. 26 (UPI) �Gov. Ronald Reagan of Cali- fornia said today the United States had lost its chance for "immediate and decisive ac- tion" in the seizure of the Pueblo by North Korea. He said that some strong step must still he taken because "the man in uniform is entitled to know his country is behind him." 11 �-grA e J.S.`CRISIS CENTER'i KEEPS DAILY YIGIL1; State Department Post Has 'Dr. Strangelove' Aspects By NAN ROBERTSON Special tom, New York Times WASHINGTON, Jan. 26�At first glance, it looks like the Walter Cronkite newsroom millions of Americans see on i [television every night. There are Teletype machines, maps, wall clocks giving the 'times -around the world, multi- 'color phones, shirt-sleeved as- .sistants and tables piled with printed messages. This is the State Depart- ment's closely guarded Opera- tions Center�really a "crisis center." The seventh-floor com- mand pest jumped yesterday in the wake of the seizure of the American intelligence vessel Pueblo by North Korea on Tuesday. In it works, 24 hours a day, a series of five-man teams. The center was set up in April, 1961 after the Cuban Bay of Pigs debacle. Ills electronically hooked up with the Pentagon's National Military Command Center, commonly called "the tank"; and the White House's "Situation Room." I On a normal day, more than 300 messages, all of them ur- gent, flow into the State De- ; pertinent center. During the ;Arab-Israeli war last June, the I number went up to 1.000 daily. 1 Wall Screens and Phones The night senior watch of- ficer must decide whether to wake the President or the Secretary of State if a crisis develops. The last year has been par- ticularly hectic, according .to the center's deputy director, James E. Ralph. He ticked off, the upheavals in Greece, Yem- en, the Middle East, the Congo, Nigeria, Vietnam and Cyprus and the international financial turmoil set off by the devalua- tion of the British pound. The "Dr. Strangelove" as- pects of the Operations Center tend to dispel the first impres- sion of a TV newsroom. There is the small, soundproofed ,"Telecon Room," where Secre- tary of State Dean Rusk and 'other Cabinet officers "talk" to American outposts via wall , screens' that instantly flash in-. coming and outgoing questions , and answers. ' There are Teletype machines! , that 'encode and decode the, 'top-secret messages transmit-, ted through them. I There is the white phone, which rings at the White House Situation Room as soon as the man at State picks it up. Along- side are the gold phone for the Pentagon and the powder-blue phone for the Operations�Cen- ,ter at the Central Intelligence � Agency. � The center performs two other important functions on top of its receiving and alert- ing duties. One is to put out, top-secret digests twice a day, (the morning summary is blue- bordered, the evening one i brown-bordered) of key incom- ing cables. Another function is what Mr.: Ralph describes as "crisis man- agement." When serious trou-I blc breaks out anywhere, the i Operations Center brings in a , special task force of State De- partment specialists in � that. � eeographical area. ---- � C06638269 _ Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 Limitations offower � U.S. Officials Confess to Frustration Over How to Recover Pueblo and Crew By PETER GROSE Itlosels1 to The New York Times - � - WASHINGTON, Jan. 26�Tol ill appearances,- -the Commu- list regime of North Korea has xposed both the vulnerability . . nd the limitations of the vast ower of the United States. American diplomats confess . sense of frustration and des- isir about what can be done :o recover the intelligence-gath- ering ship Pueblo and her crew of 83. As in dealings with North Viet- nam, the problem is not so much finding channels of diplomatic contact as what to say through those channels. What serious inducement can the United States offer to bring about concessions from the North Korean Government except the threat of something so violent as to make the situa- tion far worse than it -is already? This question is very much alive in official Washing. :on today. For the present, the Johnson A.dministration is oasing its de- nands for the return of the .hip and its crew on strictly egal grounds, both in its public nd private channels of corn- , nmication. Insistence by Rusk There is no wavering from ,the firm statement that the Pueblo was in international waters at the time she was seized. Secretary of State Dean Rusk insisted that "at all stages" the vessel remained more than 12 miles from the coastline, according to the signals received in Washington. It was noted, however, that during her cruise, there were periods of radio silence from the Pueblo. This left open the possibility that the ship had previously, and silently, moved closer to the Korean coast for better soundings. In any case, officials here recognize that the North Kor- ean Government and other in- terested Communist regimes are not likely to take Wash- ington's word on .this delicate point and surrender to inter- national law. So what next? The military options drawn up by the Pentagon immediately after the ship was seized Tues- day seem increasingly imprac- tical. A bold commando sweep into Wonsan harbor to recover the ship might conceivably suc- ceed. But, it was thought, it would only endanger the Ameri- can crewmen held, in effect, as hostages. Officials believe the 83 Amer- icans have already been dis- persed to various prisons and hospitals. Four of them have I been reported wounded. Similarly, it is expected some punitive act, an air or sea raid against some North Korean in- stallations � would also fail to free the Americans. The Administration apparent- ly has no desire to attempt any i ground action or raise the level of tension along the military � demarcation line separating North and South Kerea. Even � if there were a reason to think that something could be gained by this means � and there is none � a second front of com- bat in Asia is not an attractive prospect. Moreover, heightened tension News Analysis in Korea might well force the withdrawal of nearly 50,000 South Korean troops now fight- ing alongside the United States and other allies in South Vietnam. A counterseizure of some North Korean 'patrol boats is regarded as a dubious under- taking. There appears to be a similar paucity of political options. The mere fact that there are no exchanges between the United States and North Korea�trade, cultural, technical � raises a good argument for the desir- ability. of such exchanges even with hostile countries. As it stands, there is nothing that can be cut off. Payment of compensation, ransom for 83 American lives, would be distasteful, but not new. Premier Fidel Castro of Cuba accepted tractors and drugs in return for the release of prisoners after the Bay of- Pigs invasion in 1961. Initially, the Johnson Admini- tation is basing a slim hope on the United Nations, perhaps a Security Council request to Secretary General Thant for his personal intervention. But to North Korea, the United Nations is something less than a neutral agent. It was under the United Nations flag that American and other troops fought in the Korean war 15 years ago, and that blue and white insignia still flies on the Southern side of the armistice line. The United States 'has also asked the International Red Cross to arrange the release of the prisoners. This organi- zation had some success after the armistice of 1953, but then there were North Korean pris- oners to offer in exchange for the Americans. An obscure international body, left over from the ar- mistice agreement, might be re- activated now. It is called the Neutral Nations Supervisory Commission, composed of Swe- den. Switzerland, Czechoslo- vakia and Poland, and it has the singular distinction of be- ing recognized by both the North Koreans and the United. States. This commission, nes been moribund since the early post- armistice days When it was re- quired to supervise troop with- drawals to the armistice lines. These political options are likely to be pressed in the days to come through third coun- tries that maintain embassies lin Pyongyang, the North Ko- rean capital. United States officials refuse to discuss which countries are being asked to play a role, but obvious candidates are Indone- sia, Yugoslavia, Rumania or, perhaps, India or Ceylon, which have consular relations with the North Koreans. A Blunder on Soviet Only one channel has been publicly identified�a request for Soviet good offices�and some officials concede that the Johnson administration blun- dered in disclosing the ap- proach to Moscow: Secretly, the Russians might have been able to help, it is 'believed. Publicly, their stance has to be one of complete sol- idarity with another ,Commu- nist regime. The one direct contact be- tween an official United States representative and a North Korean officer, at a meeting of the Military Armistice Com- mission in Panmunjon Wednes- day, brought such a vehement North Korean response that of- ficials look for no progress through that channel. Through whatever channel it is arranged, it may be that only some kind of apology and pub- lic surrender of the Pueblo will succeed in obtaining release of the prisoners. This is not a nice prospect for the Johnson Administration in an election year. but observers think it might have to be that or. nothing. 47, Sozhode:ii N.Y:T;Nte_c TVSHOWSCURTA1LED FOR PUEBLO REPORTS The crisis over the seizure . of the intelligence ship Pueblo interrupted some television schedules yesterday, first for the brief comment by President Johnson and then for the meet- ing of the United Nations Se- curity Council. At the United Nations, Ar- thur Goldberg's recourse to maps and his reports of radio messages among North Korean naval units lent a dramatic touch underlining the gravity of the incident. The National Broadcasting Company and the Columbia Broadcasting System carried all of the United States represen- tative's speech and the essence of the rebuttal by Platon Moro- zov, alternate representative of the Soviet Union. The American Broadcasting Company reported Mr. Goldberg's remarks and then reverted to the scheduled programing. WNYC and WNDT, the noncommercial out- lets, provided gavel-to-gavel coverage. C.BS. canceled last night's in- stallment of "Gomer Pyle," the - half-hour situation comedy, to giNc a prime-time summary of the day's de,elopments. Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 � U. S. spy network loses a link With a show of naval force and dip- probably was trailing hydrophones lomatic maneuvers, the U. S. govern- to pick up electronic -signatures" of ment at midweek was trying to re- other ships moving in the area. trieve the auxiliary intelligence ship This instrumentation is of crucial Pueblo (picture), which the Corn- importance to U. S. security, and it is monist North Koreans had seized, probably more advanced than any- The Pueblo is part of a recently thing possessed by the Communists. intensified effort by U. S. intelligence There is also a great deal of mystery agencies to keep a worldwide watch surrounding the fate of the Pueblo's on all electronic activity. The ship crew. was built originally to serve the army Speculation. Similar ships have as a light cargo vessel in 1944. In cryptologists and translators as well 1966, however, the Pueblo (then as highly trained intercept-and- called the AKL-44) was converted sending operators on board. The two in Bremerton, Wash., to a Navy in. civilians aboard when the Pueblo telligence collection ship.� was captured probably were Na- It had been on patrol off North tional Security Agency personnel, Korea for only 10 days when it was Washington sources says. NSA de- intercepted; its assignment to the vcloped and perfected most of the area undoubtedly had a direct re- electronic equipment on the Pueblo lationship to reports of troop move- and since the reoutfitted ship has merits and the increased infiltration only been commissioned eight of North Korean terrorists into South months, it would not be unusual for Korea. two NSA men still to be aboard. Network. Both the equipment on At midweek, Senator Richard B. the Pueblo and its crew represent an Russell (D-Ga.), chairman of the important link in the U. S. electronic Armed Services Commitee, said that spy system. There are Seven other it was clear that the classified equip- known intelligence-gathering ships ment on the Pueblo had been des- operating in this global network, troyed before the capture. Destruct which also includes aircraft "fer- drills are a key part of the training rets." drones. Samos satellites, and of any electronic intelligence ship's � radar of all types. crew. The Pueblo is known to have car- The loss of the ship, though, was a ried advanced radar equipment that blow. The increasing North Korean could bounce signals off the tropos- guerrilla activity was disturbing to tem which, means it ,could moo- the Pentagon long before the capture ior aidliqift.iiidWaerits in- North- � of" the Pueblo. It ZifleATI. ;011izi :less .11 asW/ 1fillifti1MciV tlat rin 'rilsitigthwk Thrlt7trar,a- mFtrilri77nor the .38th parallel. 37i-4 ���r �BUS' OESS E_EK Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 Soviets Hint !POW Trade. j For Pueblo By Bernard D. Nossiter Washington Post Foreign Service NEW DELHI, Jan. 27�The Pueblo and its crew could be freed in exchange for cap- tured North Koreans and some form of acknowledge- ment that the spy ship was in North Korean waters. ! This was the gist of sugges- tions relayed here today by .1well-placed Russian sources. !These sources are in a parl icu- path: good position to speak !since Soviet Premier Kosygin lis in the midst of a state visit 'here.. The Russian aides have been careful to spell out noth- ing explicitly. However, they are making two things plain: � Kosygin is anxious to lower temperatures over the seizure of the Pueblo. � Moscow is in touch with North Korea despite ll'ashing- ton's assertion that the Rus- sians have twice rejected U.S. requests for help in releasing, the ship. The latest disclosure indi- cates that North Korea is rais- ing its price. On Friday, the Russians indicated that an acknowledgement that the ship had violated North Korean wa- ters � an acknowledgement that could be made by pay- ment of a fine�might be enough. Just which captured North Koreans arg supposed to be freed is unclear. There are probably dozens of North Kore- ans held in the South, both spies and soldiers taken during the frequent clashes at the 38th parallel in the last year. Just what form the admis- sion that the Pueblo was in North Korean waters should take is also murky. The So- viets note that North Korea has released a statement pur- portedly coming from the Pueblo's captain and conced- ing the violation. When the Russians are told that this "confession" is couched in stilted language that no American would use, the reply is that the U.S. itself should explain clearly what the spy ship was doing. An- other suggestion is that the payment of a fine would be sa- tisfactory. Soviet thinking on the See KOSYGIN, A21, Col. 3 �Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 � Pueblilkeing transmitted in Kosygin had told Primipp. functions and could act only' a re ably indirect but ter Indira Gandhi th the on complaints of border intru clearly purposeful manner. - Pueblo affair was a routine sions coming from the Cam The reason for this may be hodian . government. some static in Moscow's lines matter to be sorted out by the two parties involved. to Washington and North Korea. Soviet officials say The spokesman said Kosygin they are still gathering infor- treated the incident as a viola- mation from the two sides. tion of North Korea's waters parture of another distin-1 They Indicate that Washington and assured Mrs. Gandhi the guished visitor, President Tito has been unclear up to now Soviet Union would Use all of Yugoslavia. In a eommu- over exactly what it will give its power and influence to pre- nique issued after Tito left, he to get the Pueblo freed. There serve world peace. and Mrs. Gandhi expressed i is reason to believe that the Turning to another trouble their "regret" that the bomb- Russians would welcome con- spot, the Indian official noted ing of North Vietnam had not' tact with American diplomats that President Johnson had ceased. The two leaders agreed 'in New Delhi while Kosygin is sent Mrs. Gandhi a letter that, in the light of the recent! ; here, early this month requesting overtures by Hanoi, a bombing Sees Pueblo as Routine India's support for a strength. halt "could open up Prospects! ened International Control for negotiations toward a po-I ' Further confirmation that Commission to patrol Cam. litical settlement" of the Viet-' ; the Russian Premier wants to bodia's border. nam war. cool off the Pueblo incident The spokesman said Mrs. Tito, Kosygin and Mrs. came in a briefing tonight by Gandhi had replied that the Gandhi met for private talks on Ihdian spokesman. He said Commission had but limited only once, last night. Then they reportedly discussed the Pueblo affair, Vietnam and the tension in the Middle East. Kosygin is understood to have roundly condemned the American bombing and the whole U.S. posture in South- east Asia. Yorktown to Join Enterprise _ , By Ted Sell .plement of 80 to 100 airplanes.'Reterve units ordered to ac- LoaASSCISI Tams The smaller, 31,000-ton York- give duty Thursday by Presi-I The aircraft carrier USS Yorktown and a screen of ac- companying destroyers are moving toward the Sea of Japan to join the USS Enter- prise task force off the coast of Korea, it was learned yes- terday. The Yorktown, an antisub- marine carrier, had been en route across the Pacific to re- place the USS Kearsarge in the South China Sea. But it continued due west and is ex- pected to move into the Sea of Japan soon. With the arrival of the York- town task force, American na- val strength off Korea will swell to about 30 vessels Tito Goes Home Almost ignored in the diplo-I matic flurry here was the de- town normally carries 28 air- planes and 12 helicopters� none of them attack planes but rather those designed for sub- Ready Reserve) which hadt marine detection and destruc- tion. Presumably, the Yorktown I The Navy said yesterday that applications for discharge; from a driA-paid unit (thel net been processed by last Wednesday will be held up' until further notice. There' was no indication if reserve, would help establish a protec- components of the other serv- tive surveillance screen ices plan to follow suit. dent Johnson. around the Enterprise task lifigh school students in rue Reserve would be ex c' nittit force if combat operations were ordered, from calla], until their gradu- In other action related to ate or drop out, Associated Communist seizure of the Press reported. College stu- Pueblo, the Navy yesterday dents could be deferred until froze all requests for dis- charge by members of Naval the end of their current term, Reserve drill units, and seniors could get an extra Six Naval aviation squad. quarter, semester or tri-mester : The nuclear-powered attack rons in a drill status were if it would allow them to ,graduate.] carrier Enterprise has a corn- among Air Force and Navy Civilian No Sky, Mother Declares RICHMOND, Va., Jan. 27!--3.Irs: Tuck tali.' her son was (API�The mother of Dunnie employed two years by the Richard Tuck, one of two Naval Oceanographic Labora- civilians aboard the captured tory in Washington before Navy intelligence ship Pueblo, going to the Pueblo as a said today he is not a spy, as civilian oceanographer. He is claimed by the North Koreans. a graduate of Virginia Mili. "I know he is not a spy. tary Institute and of the Vir- He's an oceanographer," said ginia Institute of Marine Mrs. Dunnie R. Tuck of Rich- Science. mond. (Iredale was identified as a The North Koreans earlier 1965 graduate of Pennsylvania i this week cited an alleged State University, United statement by the Pueblo's Press International reported !captain�, Cmdr. Lloyd M. Jakis family in Holmes, Pa., said Bucher, 'us iditntifYing Tuck lie has been wokliAng "%is an awd ,The ither elvjlian aboard..eteanographer for the Navy ffrep Ifeciale,. as "espionageke*g. graduation.) ;AO Dr St4J4_,, Tos Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 � � He ;Minimizes Dispute Kosygin's Reaction Stirs U.S. Interest By Warren Unna Washington Post Staff Writer Administration official s, ship Pueblo who are now be- were both interested and; ing held in North Korea. skeptical yesterday about re-I For one thing, it was ex- ports out of New Delhi that!plained, only one North Kor- Soviet Premier Kosygin isiean was captured in the recent minimizing the United States' assassination attempt against dispute with North Korea and South K ore an President suggesting a trade of cap- Park Chung Hee. U.S. of-' tured men. They were interested be- � cause any move by the So- viets to defuse the situation obviously was preferable to; any Soviet attempt to egg on the North Koreans. They were skeptical about any trade of North Koreans captured during recent raids Mb South Korea for the 83- man crew of the U.S. Navy finials say they don't know whether South Korea might have 82 more North Korean- prisoners from past captures i to balance the scales in a1 trade-off for the Pueblo crew.' For another, the North Ko- reans, who have had their differences with Moscow lead- ership in the past, may not go along with the Soviets in See PUEBLO, A22, Col. 1 . ._�. agreeing 1p any such trade. North Korea, for instance, in- sists that the assassination at- tempt against Park was made not by North Koreans but by South Koreans "patriots." While Kosygin is- visiting In India, the United States' own two direct approaches in Moscow for Soviet good offices with North Korea have gotten nowhere. This was some of the think- ing as President Johnson's sen- ior advisers met at the State Department yesterday for per- haps the tenth or twelfth time since word on the Pueblo's capture was first flashed here Tuesday. Taking part were Secretary of State Dean Rusk, Defense Secretary Robert S. McNa- mara, CIA Director Richard Helms, Gen. Earle C. Wheeler, Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff: Under Secretary of State Nicholas deB. Katzen- bach and Deputy Assistant Secretary of State Samuel D. Berger. Berger, a former U.S. Ambassador to South Korea, heads State's special Korean crisis task force. The President paid an un- expected visit to the National Press Club last night in con- nection with the inauguration of its new president, Allan W. Cromley, and told the audi- ence that petty differences "should fade into the back- ground" in times of crisis. In Des Moines, Iowa, vice President Humphrey told a Democratic Party conference that the Pueblo crisis had unit- ed Americans. He also said in an Associated Press interview that the Pueblo attack was de- signed to divert attention from North Korea's "political and economic mess" and to upset South Korea's plans to send, 50,000 mare troops to South Vietnam. At the White House, Press1 Secretary George Christian said the President was in ten- stant telephone touch with, his senior advisers and per� - sonal meetings would be held' with them throughout the weekend "as the situation; warrants." Christian refused to corn- ment on statements by Sen.: Karl Mundt (R-S.D.) that the Administration has agreed to review its policy of sending unescorted and lightly armed spy ships into hostile waters. Mundt made his remarks after hearing testimony by Rusk Friday in a closed sea- sion of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee. When queried, Rusk said his testimony had not been "ac- curately characterized." In New York, Richard M. Nixon, again a probable Re- publican candidate for the Presidency, declared it "all but incredible" that no pro- tection had been given the, Pueblo. "The Communist world has been jointly testing the propo- sition that the United States is over-extelidod, Over-corarni ted and under-prepared to . act," Nixon told a Renublican Women's Club luncheon. He said the first order of business was to obtain the re- lease of the Pueblo's 83 men. "But the longer-range need is to reestablish the credibility of American policy by reestab- lishing the credibility of Amer- ican power," Nixon declared. In Searcy, Ark., Senate For eign Relations Committe: Chairman J. W. Fulbright (D- Ark.) threw doubt on the Ad- ministration's insistence that the Pueblo had never in- truded into North Korea's ter- ritorial waters. Fulbright said flatly that his committee' investigation of the 1964 Gulf of Tonkin Inci- dent found the two U.S. de- stroyers involved had indeed intruded into the territorial waters of North Vietnam. A Pentagon spokesman said yesterday that the USS Mad- dox was 25 miles from North Vietnam during the first at- tack by North Vietnamese pa- trol boats and that the Mad- dox and USS Turner Joy were 60 to 65 miles off the coast during the second attack. But he did not mention Fulbright's charges that the ships had been spying and had been in North Vietnamese territorial waters prior to the attacks. Senate Majority Leader Mike Mansfield (D-Mont.) yes- terday told Associated Press Reporter Jack Bell that he was satisfied that the Pueblo had been in international waters. "But if it would bring about the release of the ship and the crew, I would admit that it was taken in territorial waters, even though that is not the truth," Mansfield declared. �zrri.) as' Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 � Red Patrol A patrol boat with a sign reading "Destroy the American invaders, the enemy of North Korea" is shown in a pic. N. Koreans Spurn Any U.N. Action SEOUL, Korea, Jan. 27 (AP) �North Korea declared today it will not recognize any reso- lution of the U.N. Security Council on the seizure of the USS Pueblo. It said the nation is prepared for combat and could deliver the United States "an exterminatory blow." The Communist regime at Pyongyang took its stand in a statement distributed by the official Korean Central News Agency. It described the seizure of the Pueblo and her 83-man crew as "entirely right." It said North Korea acted cor- rectly in ta"J9.6 :SAiNi 3D (A)PrS i-t �Pos"T" Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 � � Johnson Meets With Top Advisers! On Korean, Vienamn. Problems By Carroll Kilpatrick Waahington Post Staff Writer President Johnson conferred with top official as well as un- official advisers on Korea and Vietnam yesterday but no major decision or progress on either crisis was announced. With the American military buildup proceeding in Korea as well as at the threatened Khesanh base in Vietnam, Mr. Johnson held a day-long series of meetings on the criti- cal Asian developments. There appeared to be considerable concern about the threat to Khesanh. � All of the members of the Joint Chiefs of Staff were summond to the White House for a meeting with the Presi- dent. Press Secretary George Christian said that while diplo- matic efforts to free the Pueblo and its crew were continuing, "there has been and is a prud- ent ond orderly and limited deployment of American mili- tary forces in the area." On Capitol Hill, Senate lipeeches reflected the grow- ing concern over North Ko- rea's failure to show any signs of meeting American demands. ' As Mr-Johnson often does when critical problems beset him, he brought in such for- mer officials as George W. Ball, former Under Secretary of State; McGeorge Bundy, former Special Assistant for National Security; Gen. Max- well D. Taylor, former Chair- Soviets Said To Want Quiet Talks By Bernard D. Nossiter Washington Post Portion Service NEW DEHI, Jan. 29�The Soviet Union is disturbed by what it considers over-publi- cized American efforts to seek Moscow's aid in resolving the Pueblo crisis. Russian informants indi- cated today that if the Soviet Union is to play any role, much more discreet approach is required for both internal and external political reasons. The attention drawn to American overtures is blamed for the absence of a Soviet re- sponse. And the insistence on quieter diplomacy, it is ex- plained, stems from several factors. The Russians are suspicious lof U.S. motives. They say that their earlier attempts to play a middleman role in North Vietnam frequently blew up in their faces because of some fresh incident or escalation on the American side. The Soviet Union is also said to fear that its prestige would be damaged if an overt move to solve the Pueblo problem foiled. , man of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, and Cyrus R. Vance, former Deputy Secretary of Defense. They lunched with the Presi- dent after holding meetings Sunday and Monday morning at the State Department and White House. Also at the luncheon were Secretary of State Dean Rusk, Secretary of Defense Robert S. McNamara, Secretary-desig- nate Clark M. Clifford, Gen. Earle G. Wheeler, chairman of the Joint Chiefs, and Henry Cabot Lodge, Ambassador at Large and former Ambassador to Vietnam. The Defense Department an- nounced that additional "air- craft, ships and bodies" had been alerted for "possible movement" to the Korean area in connection with the Pueblo crisis. "We are continuing our ef- forts to reach a peaceful solu- tion" in Korea, Christian re- ported. He said that in addl. tion to the announced efforts to achieve a solution through the United Nations and with� the assistance of Moscow, "there are a number of other channels available to us which are active at this time." "It would not be desirable to discuss these," he added. He indicated, however, that an at- tempt by the International Red Cross to obtain informa- tion on the condition of the Pueblo's crew had not yet been successful. The meeting with the Joint Chiefs, Christian Said, was to Moreover, Moscow is reluc- tant to appear in the eyes of the world to be telling North Korea what to do. Russia's hcavy-handed dealings in the Communist world have touched off resentful feelings that are still causing Moscow pain. Thus, anything that Rus- sia does in the Pueblo affair must not appear to infringe on North Korea's sovereignty. As the Russians themselves point out, their relations with Pyongyang are somewhat ten- uous. They have improved since the days when North Korea looked exclusively to China but are still a matter of some delicacy. Finally, the Russians have their own hawks with which they must contend: The suggestion here is that there are forces in the Soviet Union that would like to see the United States involved in a second Asian front and are urging that nothifig be done to reduce the tension generated; by the Pueblo's seizure. For all these reasons, Mos- cow is indicating that it can serve as a channel at only the most secret level. Meanwhile, Premier Kosy- gin, who is visiting here, and Prime Minister Indira Gandhi 'held a long day of talks. A lersistent theme was reported to be Chinese power. discuss Vietnam civil and mil- itary questions raised by ca- bles and other reports to the President over the week end. Korea also was discussed, he said. The unofficial advisers con- sidered, in addition to critical mlitary issues, the Asian aid programs and civil develop- ments in Vietnam. Christian said that the group�meets pe- riodically with the President. At the Capitol, Senate Re- publican Leader Everett M. 'Dirksen (Ill.) said "I don't' disdain diplomatic efforts but; .1 want to be sure that North. Korea does not get the idea they can get away with this. "We've been treated to a king-sized dose of caution from some quarters ... Let's not be impatient, they say." But no one should get the idea the United States is "go- ing to take this lying down," Dirksen said. Senate .Democratic Leader Mike Mansfield of Montana, however, urged caution. He said it would do no good to go iinto Wonsan and recapture the Pueblo by force or bomb North Korea as that would "seal the doom of the 83 Americans. Two Republican Senators� Karl E. Mundt (S.D.) and Robd ert P. Griffin (Mich.)�called for an investigation of the ship's seizure. In asking for the inquiry, Mundt said that "the United States will emerge from this experience a weaker and sadder Nation." ' Mrs. Gandhi, it is under . stood, proposed that New Delhi and Moscow exchange intelligence on Peking's activi- ties. Indian sources say that a similar arrangement now ex- ists with the United States. iKosygin was reportedly cool to the idea, perhaps because of the Indo-American intelli- gence tie. KOSygin is said to have urged the Indians to settle their differences with Paki- stan, arguing that such a reso- lution would further isolate: Peking. Mrs. Ghandhi is bed lieved to have answered with the standard New Delhi line: India would welcome a settle- ment but Pakistan first wants to solve the historic dispute over Kashmir and New Delhi wants to talk about Kashmir only after other issues are re- solved. In one area, the Indian. Ocean, there appears to be a � closer meeting of minds. The.; IndianSproposed that they fill' the power vacuum in the re- gion that will be left by the departure of the British. To do this, New Delhi would want more arms aid. The Russians are believed to have looked sympathetically at this sugges- tion. Prom their standpoint, -n armed Indian presence in the ocean would be more siralile than an Ameriean force. The Associated P-rets �re- ported this separate develop- ment from Paris: The Russians privately ac- cept the American explanation that the Pueblo was in inter- national waters when the North Koreans seized it, West- ern diplomatic sources re- ported. This conflicts with So- ; viet Premier Kosygin's state- ment Sunday that the vessel ;had violated North Korean :territorial waters. zroni tAiRsH oSs- Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 Pueblo Fatality Reported Rest of Crew Well Treated, U.S. Is Told By Carroll Kilpatrick Washimon Post Staff writer Administration officials said yesterday that they had received reports that - one crew member of the Pueblo was dead. The oth- ers were being properly treated by their North KC-1 rean captors. The White House and the Defense Department said they were unable to confirm thr reliability of the reports, which also said that medical atten. Lion was being given to the wounded or injured. The International Red Cross, which was asked to con- tact the North Korean Red Cross, apparently has been unsuccessful to date in its ef- forts to obtain firm informa- tion on the condition and, whereabouts of the Pueblo's crew. Injuries Reported Just before the Pueblo was captured, it reported that: three or four of its men were � hurt, one critically. North Korean Gen. Pak Chung Kuk said at Panmun- jom Wednesday that North Korea's vessels "returned the fire" of the Pueblo, "thus kill- ing and wounding several sol- diers of the U.S. imperialist aggressive army." White House Press Secre- tary George Christian gave the first report yesterday that information had been received that the men were being prop- erly treated and the injured were receiving medical atten- tion. Later, the Defense Depart- ment said that it had an un- confirmed report that one man was dead. The supposi- tion was that the seriously in- jured man had died. He re- portedly suffered severe leg injuries at the time of the cap- ture. Problem Studied President Johnson contin- ued to divide his time between Use Korean problem and the Communist offensive in South Vietnam, Christian indicated. One of the President's; sharpest critics�Chairman J. W. Fulbright (D�Ark.) of the! 'Senate Foreign Relations! Committee, was called to the !White House early yesterday Ito hear a briefing by the Pres- ident, Secretary of State Dean Rusk, Secretary of Defense Robert S. McNamara and Gen. Earle G. Wheeler, chairman of ;the Joint Chiefs of Staff. Also present were Chairman, Thomas E. Morgan (D-Pa.) of: the House Foreign Affairs: 'See PUEBLO, A14, Cal, 3 ; Commitee and other Derno:. eratic Congressional leaders. . Senate Republican Leader Everett M. Dirksen (Ill.). and House Republican Leadet Ger- ald R. Ford '(Mich.) came to' the White House later and were also briefed. Fulbright later reported that the President "has great hopes that diplomatic proce- dures will be able, to solve" the Korean crisis. The Senator said he too was oppinistie, "not because I' sanKthing" but because' .147ye resolve kbetpAt. other similar. erlSes. Negotiations should work! unless both sides have "gone! completely mad," Fulbright said. In New Yorx, Ambassador !Arthur J. Goldberg met with . United Nations Secretary Gen- es-al U Thant on the Korean problem. I No date has yet been set for !another meeting of thp Se-. cruitY., Cotihcil, and no .early resolution by the Secruity Cotincil appeared likely. � Zit f1/41 3 WRSf-1 PCS1� Reagan Asks End of Korea 'Appeasement' By JACKSON DOYLE Special to The Stu' SACRAMENTO � Republican Gov. Ronald Reagan says there are ways of halting "appease- ment" of North Korea in the Pueblo incident, but the Joint Chiefs of Staff should decide ex- actly how. At his first Capitol press conference since capture of the U.S. inteilligence ship and its 83 crewme n, reporters sought elaboration on the presidential ' "favorite son" candidate's re- cent off-the-cuff remarks that the U.S should have given North Korea 24 hours to release the Pueblo or "go in and get it.'' Cites Alternatives He explained yesterday: ' "When you use the term 'Go in and get it; I don't think this should be taken literally as meaning you are going to go in and put a tow line and pull it out of there. "Now there are a number of alternatives that would have been open. I don't know that anyone outside the government who doesn't have access to the Joint Chiefs of Staff could make a choice from outside as to what should be the procedure. "But there are a number of things that have since been pro- posed by people with experience in the national government in. volving blockading of harbors, involving the counter-seizing of their shipping and holding it uuntil ours is returned. "But I still say there is no moral justification for this country standing by and letting what amounts to an act of pira- cy, an act of war, be perpetra- ted upon us and write off 83 young men and hope that maybe some, way the other side will soften and give them back." Doesn't Ask Attack Later in response to further , questions, Reagan reiterated' that he was not calling for an "armed attack, a bombing, or' an invasion." He said, however, that the ship involved was in internation- al waters when seized by North Koreans and that President Johnson's conduct in the entire incident "is a continuation of a policy of appeasement that started a long time ago." "When we started Writing let- ters and asking others to inter- vene for us, we had lost when could have been our best meth- od," Reagan said. "We are the most powerful nation in the world and I wonder what guarantee any American citizen has from any little fiffh-rite pee!egtif it isspparont that OW 0:04 tweaViotw. pad and get ea* with it."' -*O Approved - Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 U.N. Afro-As& Bloc Weighs* Mediation Role on Pueblo By GEORGE SHERMAN liminary to any "second stage" I The link between the invitation Star Staff Writer UNITED NATIONS, N.Y.� The Afro-Asian bloc sought here today to put together an initia- tive in the crisis over North Ko- rean seizure of the USS Pueblo. Following a statement last night by the Security Council president for January, Pakistani Ambassador Agha Shahi, that Afro-Asian delegations were un- dertaking "urgent consultations" on their own, the five bloc mem- bers currently holding seats on the Security Council were to meet here this morning. They are Algeria, Ethiopia, India, Pakistan and Senegal. The main thrust of their effort is believed to be toward an Afro- Asian intermediary to gain re- lease of the Pueblo and its crew from North Korea, while appeal- ing to the United States to desist from any more military escala- tion in the Korean area. The mediation would be unofficial and outside any formal resolu- tion of the Security Council. Consulate Relations One advantage is that many members of the Afro-Asian bloc at the United Nations have consulate relations with North Korea. The initiative would probe both North Korean and Ameri- can intentions. So far no delegation here� ' including the Russians and their allies�has been able to say definitely what North Korea wants for release of the Pueblo and her crew. � Western diplomats, while un- certain whether the Afro- Asians can agree or get any farther than anyone else has in the past week say such a "neutral" Initiative would give North Korea an opportunity to close the incident gracefully. Many delegates assume the seizure was simply a diversion- ary tactic in the war of nerves in Korea and that the Commu- nists have learned all they want from the ship and its I crew. I Furthermore, the U.S. dele- gation here has made it clear that the return of the crew and the ship � either together or separately�is an essential pro- invitation to North Korea to ard the Pueblo would have to be come to the Security Council for a wide-ranging debate on the deteriorating over-all Kor- ean situation. So long as the Pueblo crew is held hostage, the U.S. mis- sion insists. no U.N. invitation is possible. Nor is the United States prepared for "promnt action" on release of the Pueblo to be delayed by a long wran- gle ' in the Security Council over isuing that invitation and a waiting game over North Korean acceptance. ' As the possible compromise, the release of the crew would come simultaneously with the U.N. invitation to North Korea. Focus of Talks The terms of such kri invita- tion have been the main focus of negotiations this weak among the 10 nonpermanent members of the Security Council. Diplomats are impressed with the increasingly authoritative tone of Hungarian Ambassador Karoly Csatorday � the only Communist member of the group � about the North Korean position. They assume the Hun- garian government is in direct contact with the North Korean capital of Pyongyang over the crisis. Yesterday he told the other nine members of the nonperma- nent group-meeting with Coun- cil President Agha Shahi�that although members of , the 83- man crew of the Pueblo are be- ing treated humanely, one had died from wounds suffered when North Korean naval units seized the ship. No other details were available. The Defense Department said! the report was unconfirmed, am' there was no way of identifying any casualties among the cap- tured men. The report followed a w'hite Rouse statement that it had been advised the crew was being treated properly and the wound- ed were receiving medical care. While the Americans claim the ship is as important as its - crew, most observers here be-, _:iieve the U.S. would take return- of the men-E- with.a promise of ' I progress telfeard return of the I I ship as enough for simulta- neously issuing North Korea an I invitation to a Security Council ' debate. established in a bargain between the United States and the Soviet Union. No one here expects an- em- barassing public debate on the whys and wherefores of inviting North Korea. Dangerous 'Game tinksicies*cofea 1 �, STAFF111141CISCO�Ta Ko- rean. crisis involves a trio of decision-making agonies. One is in Washington, in the Amer- ican power-center; the second is in the Communist power- center at Moscow; the third is in Pyongyang itself, where the North Koreans have had to make a fateful decision. What happens finally will depend on the point at which the three intersect. President Johnson and his advisers have been playing it cool, but how long will they be able to keep the American people cool? Moscow has been playing it stony-faced, but that, too, may vanish when they learn that Washington means business. Pyongyang has covered itself with a thick propaganda cloud, making it hard to separate its current exultation in a propaganda success with a graver long- range intent. The danger lies in the chance that somewhere in this three-cornered game that na- tions play someone may as- sume the others are bluffing when they are in dead earnest. The fact is that it is a game that mono of the three can win if it retails in more shooting. The Sipe is that all three will. know it before it itioe Iai I shouldn't enjoy being in' President Johnson's seat at this point. He has been careful not to say anything that would heat up the American pas- sions. Everyone has known that governments today en- gage in electronic spying, and everyone has assumed that if 'the ships are far enough off- shore they can get away with it. The Pueblo was far enough offshore, in international wa- ters, and in that sense the sei- zure was a violation of inter- national law, even though the ship was on an obvious intelli- gence mission. The American people consider the seizure an act of piracy, and any senator or President who runs afoul of this mood does so at his politi- cal peril. It takes skillful leadership in Washington to stay cool and determined at the same time. One trusts there will be no break in this mood. At some point, of course, there must be the credible intent to act with power if the strategy of per- suasion fails. The questions are what action, and how much power. Washington 'has little pres- sure it can exert on Moscow ito , persuade its iCorean 'ally ex- cel* the tgiedf el a thowtiownt � on the Soviet spy ships dis- guised as trawlers and fishing boats. If that fails, both Mos- cow and Pyongyang must ask themselves whether they want to run the risk of a repetition of the adventure they ended in Korea almost 15 years ago, this time with a strong South Korean army as an opponent, aided by American planes. The Americans in turn must ask themselves whether they want to add a second messy war, even if limited to the air, . to the current messy war in Vietnam. The prospect of this may cool off the ardor of some of the senators and congress- men and governors who have come out with "go-in-and-get- out-the-ship-and-men state- ments. It is interesting that several senators who are doves on Vietnam have called for strong action on Korea. But nothing will be lost with the lapse of some time for cooling and real negotiation. The ship and the men will still be there. Obviously, the Vietnamese war complicates everything. If not for Vietnam, the American government would have more options and a freer hand. Yet it is also true that by handling himself skillfully on Korea�as he did in the Cyprus crisis and the Arab-Israeli war � Pres- ident Johnson could gain add- ed strength both at home and in world opinion. The key to the crisis lies with North Korea's intent to play off its old ally, China, against its new ally, Russia, and thus get its share of leadership and glory in the Communist world. If so, the key to the solution will have to lie with Russia and its capacity to keep its ally within the bounds of nonfanatical action. If the crisis gets resolved, and the men and ship are returned, we may. later have in the luxury of an quest into what actually happened on the Pueblo at the moment of decision, how the ship was left unprotected, what options the commander had, why he made the choice he did. We are learning that at even this level of decision-making, in his lowly spot in command of a small intelligence craft, a young American had to make a choice on which not only his whole career and reputation depended, but tie risks o 4�1. PV111 cP" Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 .S1R: flow c.4 we. as illieatest nation in the world, sit by and let anothe ,untry, big or small, "pirate away" one of our ships? What of the tin plus men involved who, have mothers, fathers, sisters, brothers, etc., and are now sitting in some prison in a foreign hostile country? Are we, as citizens, not to be concerned over this situation? How can we expect any other peoples in the world ,.to respect us or our rights if we show the world we are unwilling to protect even our own citizens and property. If we will not defend our own, why do we defend others? Fred K. Refferly, Jr. Rockville, Md. * * * � SIR: Although the present actions of the Administra- tion concerning the Pueblo crisis are painfully after the fact, they do seem as of this writing to constitute a firm and studied approach to the situation. In the light of this, Senator Mansfield's recent statement that we should be willing to pay the price of a false admission of guilt in order to obtain the crew's release injects nothing but a demoralizing and emasculating influence on an otherwise soundly developing position. Lawrence W. Fagg. Arlington, Va. ' * * * * SIR: Had we defeated the Communists in Korea, instead of negotiating with them, this incident of the USS Pueblo may never have come to be. Yet these . same ignorant or universalistic thinkers among us who preach "get out of Vietnam" and "negotiate with the Communists" also tell us that we have no legal right there to begin with. Well, I do not always agree with our government's foreign policy, but where, I ask, where were these hysteria creators when the Eisenhower administration formulated the SEATO pact which does legally commit us to the defense of Vietnam, Korea, and other Asian countries? Why didn't they come out in vocal opposition then? John Edward Boehm. Silver Spring, Md. WILLIAM F. BUCKLEY JR. - � - � � SIR: Communists, whether Bolshevik, Viet Cong or Castroite, are calling the shots in the test of United States strength and moral determination. And anyone who doubts that this game is Moscow inspired, if not directed, simply has shunned reality. David C. LeRoy. Alexandria, Va. * * * � SIR: These men and this ship must be recovered, or we have lost what little remains of our "National Honor." Mrs. M. B. Chichester. Camp Springs, Md. * * * * SIR: Either through error or lack of care we are permitting the occurrence of incidents, maddening in their impact � such as the recent seizure of the Pueblo � to enrage us to the point where we shall inevitably widen the Asian commitment to the degree that we shall be ineffective when the Reds strike else- where. I. M. G. Silver Spring, Md. * � * SIR: What does it take to wake the dovish politi- I clans of this country? If seizing our ships is to be tolerated why are we trying to protect the free world? H. A. E. Alexandria, Va. * ass SIR: The way to avoid a big war is to demonstrate to the world, friends and enemy alike, that the United States has teeth and will use them when necessary. A. B. Pond. Ship Seizure and U.S. Options Some thoughts, practical and theoretical, concerning the Pueblo: 1. It has become fashionable to observe that the credibility gap is such as to entitle John Doe to disbelieve the Ameri- can government, and believe the government of North Ko- rea. Thus for instance Murray Kempton of New York confess- es, not alas unsadly, that he will accept the enemy's ver- sion, inasmuch as "North Ko- rea hasn't lied to the lately." One day after this assertion, the North Koreans *released the taped confession of the commander of the Pueblo. "The crime committed by me and my men is entirely indelible," says the command- er � sez North Korea � add- ing that he hopes "that we will be forgiven leniently." The commander went on to explain that a "lot of dollars would be offered to all crew members of my ship and particularly my- self would be honored." Since no such English was ever spoken by any American, even at Annapolis, we may submit the "confession" as a North Korean lie and hope, perhaps, that the American Left will acknowledge the pos- sibility of a credibility gap where Communists are con- corned. 2. I.s it likely that the Puehio � was inside the 12-mile lank .ral -therefore fechnicall-Lin th a N vtion ot ortn-KOreara se- curity?nieneto. nNoo,uorecayuses,nthip r e equip- ment signed tor medium-range and long-MI-OM- work, -not-for getfinT-ZES-e- shorgire so That the bo'sun can spot fhe�enemTiam the eroyalest. Under the circum- stances, it is inherently im- plausible that the 12-mile limit was violated. However, 3, if the United States is confident of its case, why doesn't it demand that an international inspection com- mittee immediately inspect the Pueblo's navigational log, assuming it has not been de- stroyed? By checking the ra- dar notations. Loran lines (if there are such in that area), depth readings, and even the celestial sights, it can be in- ferred with virtual certainty whether the Pueblo was guilty. 4. What do we have to fear from the detention of the boat, other than the blow to our pride? I do not diminish the importance of the latter mere- ly by bringing up the possible importance of the former. Do we have, aboard the Pueblo, vital security information the removal of which by the ene- my would seriously affect the national interest? Is that infor- mation to be found in written form, in which case one as- sumes it has been removed (and hopes that it will be translated into Korean by the same gentleman who wrote Commander Bucher's mes- sage); or, that which is most valuable, or equally val- uable, is the refined electronic machinery aboard the Pueblo? In the latter event, the United States Navy ought not to have deliberated overnight. A bombing raid should have gone over to Wonsan with or- ders to sink our own ship, which surely is our right to do; and if the marksmanship of our pilots is a little rusty and it turns out that we also sank the North Korean boats that brought in the Pueblo, why, you can't win them all. 5. On the business of asking everyone on the street, partic- ularly Republican presidential candidates, "What would you do if you were President?" There are only two replies which are both prudent and wise. The first is that "such a thing wouldn't have happened if (insert name of the candidate) had been Presi- dent." The second is that the capture of the Pueblo is evi- dence of an unsuccessful for- eign policy. Two-bit countries just don't go about shanghaing the property of a major power if that major power is re- spected. But on the other hand, it is inappropriate to suggest that you should begin achieving respect by a devastating retal- iation against North Korea to teach the world that lesson now. That is a lesson one teaches gradually. To atomize North Korea now would be as unjust as for a perennially in- dulgent father suddenly to beat the daylights out of a son he had spoiled. And 6, isn't the Pueblo inci- dent yet another indication of the failure of the policy of the counter-salient? The enemy strikes, we attempt to contain; but always on the battleground selected by the enemy, with his sure feel for our own weak- nesses. What are we doing on such battlegrounds as we in- disputably govern, or could govern? The economic battle- front? The psychological bat- tlefront? What we are doing there is financing Communism by food and economic credits, and fawning on the Commu- nist world in order to prove the purity of our intentions. Our intentions should be at least impure enough to protect the integrity of our fleet on international waters. Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269- Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 � CAN. T. ROWAN � Pueblo a Lesson in Small-Power Brinkmanship The American people are going to have to take many trips to the brink, occasionally drinking from the bitter well of war. That is the grim challenge and the ominous lesson of North Korea's hijacking of the USS Pueblo. "Brinkmanship" became a dirty word during John Foster Dulles' tenure as secretary of state. It was regarded as reck- lessness on the part of the United States. But seven years of Democratic rule have shown that it is the Commu- nists who decree that periodi- cally U.S. nerves must be test- ed by rolling the world up to the edge of nuclear war. In 1961 it was the threat of war over Berlin. We stood firm as we rebuilt our conven- tional military might, and Khrushchev backed down. In 1962 it was the Cuban missile crisis. We hung tough, and Khrushchev caved in. Vietnam has been a more subtle testing of the American will � and in terms of public rfrdtte point than the earlier confron- tations. Now North Korea has goad- ed Uncle Sam with a bit of brinkmanship in the harsh Berlin-Cuban missiles tradi- tion. It would be calamitous, in my view, if we flinched in the face of North Korean brigand- age any more than we flinched in earlier crises. Mere sanity dictates that diplomatic ef- forts be made to resolve such conflicts peacefully, but if the ultimate U.S. posture is one of weakness the wave of the fu- ture is clear: It will be an intensification of Communist pressures and affronts on ev- ery continent. To understand why the North Koreans would chal- lenge the United States so brashly, we need to look at the differences between the Pueb- lo incident and the Berlin and Cuban confrontations. In the latter incidents, the two great nuclear powers were in direct confrontations from the start. So the specter of nuclear holo- caust loomed large at the very .outset. And sanity prevailed. North Korea gambled on the assumption that the United States would not conceivably retaliate with the use of even small tactical nuclear weap- ons. The Koreans surely as- sumed that the issue before the U.S. National Security Council would be whether to take military steps that might cause the reopening of the Ko- rean conflict and involve an- other million or so American boys in a ground war in Asia. The North Korean belief, shared by some Americans, was that U.S. public opinion would not support involvement in another Asian war. And, af- ter our recent drastic steps to bolster the dollar, the Commu- nists probably assumed that the U.S. economy would not support a second war. The North Koreans also could assume that U.S. policy- makers would have to consid- er the likelihood that the Chinese would become rein- volved in any renewed war- fare in Korea. And that is why little North Korea would dare to challenge the world's most powerful country. It lllustrates anew a point - � Letters to the Editor The Pueblo SIR: I am doncerned, as are other Americans, about the Pueblo incident. I am relieved that President John- son has at the present time taken a stand of diplomacy. It would he unwise to take direct military action at this 'time due to our "hawkish" commitment in Vietnam. We should first find out the facts of this dilemma. (I am tired of the word crisis.) I hope President John- son stands on diplomacy and does not seek a military solution. John Dove. * * SIR: Do you "Remember the Maine?" Or is that too far back for you? You will remember that the twin rabble-rousers, William R. Hearst and Joseph Pulitzer, stampeded this nation into what Senator McCarthy recently called on TV "an unjust war." We know now 70 years later that it was then an unjust war but at the time we were told that the Spaniards had sunk the "Maine" even while it was known at the State Department and the White House of those days that the "Maine" was in Havana harbor against the wishes and protest of the Spanish authori- ties. The truth about the "Maine" was known 50 years later, but it was known in the State Department in 1898. Possibly we will have to wait to the year 2000 before the facts about the "Pueblo" are known. Let us remem- ber, however, that the risks are a thousand times more serious than those of the Spanish-American War. Let us keep our shirts on about the "Pueblo" as we did not about the "Maine." Joseph I. Puente. * * � � SIR: These congressmen who shoot off their mouths are too much. They advocate war-like measures as in Vietnam and then later blast the policy and complain that we should never have gotten involved in the first place. It is easy to be patriotic. It is a lot more diffi- cult to be sensible. Bowie, Md. � * Fred Ballenger. a * that Defense Secretary Robert McNamara has been trying to make: that the frightful power amassed in our nuclear arse- nals is not always equal to our security needs. The capacity for overkill possessed by both the United Stales and the So- viet Union actually serves as a restraint, a diplomatic handi- cap, in cases like the Pueblo incident. It forces sober reflection where angry, hasty reaction was once the rule. That is why the United Nations is turned to in almost forlorn hope. And that is why even a great power will remain vulnerable to the pinpricks of brinkman- ship, even from small, weak nations. 1968 SIR: The North Korean shipnapping is not very promising, but in this grave situation we can see a hopeful sign: The United States has approached the United Nations at an early stage rather than resort to immediate and rash military action. It is heartening to note that the Administration still recognizes it as a handy organization to have around. Now if only we .could devote some attention to strengthening the United Nations between crises! Gloria H. Parloff. .5 5. * SIR: After reading the statement of Senator Mike Mansfield that we should falsely admit that the Pueblo was in North Korean waters rather than to resort to force, one wonders if this distinguished senator is bio- logically equipped to survive in a crawling position? Denise Bernier. * * * * SIR: I am troubled to think that some people in this country are so willing to issue an ultimatum to North Korea without first examining the facts of this incident. It would be terrible to get ourselves involved in another conflict. Arlington, Va. R. R. Summered!. * * a * SIR: It seems that the United States should have swallowed some pride and offered to repurchase the vessel and ransom its crew just as would be expected of a private individual or corporation. But merely contin- uing the inactivity after preliminary negotiations failed serves little toward enhancing our international image. Peter H. Zassenhaus. Bowie, Md. * * a � SIR: I have been horribly perturbed by the way we permit ourselves to be pushed around by a bunch of tenth-rate pow** � now the Nov& Koreans, who with- out even tisirigghteet degree of: thing except inso- lence have taken over one of our iltips on the high seas. Every real citizen should kzend instant and com- plete action � whatever degieWiMiiy bi."-vired for liberating that ship. IR -orn1 STAR_ Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 � � � � � Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 LRGENT0'4"0'01 le4"/ � SHIP Q AASHINGTCN, JAN. 23 (REUTERS)-THE DEFENSE DEPARTMENT SA ID TODAY -THAT. moR-TH R(RE-AUPKTR-OL:-BISATS -SURROUNDED U.S. SHIP AND AR:v.ED NORTH KOREANS BOARDED IT IN THE SEA OF JAPAN LAST NIGHT. (MORE) DL/MJL g: 51A cn n0 (I1 Pg O Nil 7:1 111 X FIRST ADD 1,AASHINGTON, SHIP X X X NIGHT. S- L3 (� To IT SAID THE SHIP, IDENTIFIED AS THE NAVY INTELLIGENCE sA COLLE ICN AUXILIARY SHIP U. S. S. PUEBLO, YS BOARDED -40 � of. IN INTERNATIONAL 'WATERS SHORTLY BEFORE MIDNIGHT EST. A7, Alp a 0 (.,ORE) DLA:JL 52A � go o g'g �1 � g 7)/64/kit- 41)41 P 4 4;gri' n. rn s. o st SECM ADD ,p,ASHINGTON SHIP X X X EST. m -4 0 41 THE U.S. GOVERNMENT ACTED IMMEDIATELY TO ESTABLISH CONTACT viiTH . 3 si � gs�� .ORTH KOREA THROUGH THE SOVIET uNICN, THE ANNOUNCEMENT SAID. o 0. T- ,-.HEN THE PUEBLO IAAS BOARDED, ITS REPORTED POSITION INAS APPRcx- �V sg IVATELY 25 MILES FROM THE MAINLAND OF NORTH KOREA.k THE SHIP REPORTED 2.1 � THE BCARD INC TOOK PLACE AT 127 DEGREES 511.3 MINUTES EAST F IF � LCNGITUDE 39 DEGREES 25 M I NUTES NORTH LATITUDE. THE TIME IAAS 041� -i; !F 11:43 P.v. EST (0443 GMT). A z, �� ' (MORE) DL/VJL g: 55A 2 411��� As� a 3 IA IS SY10 031dISSV19 a 31 A Is SV13 a 31 A IS SV10 4331A I SSV-110 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269-- 0 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 �� 2s 91,14 was� Dit\Etn, (cc,6. 2CIUE1J.2 CO`onslEttliV.I.OB PI.LE2 HI C0i4C.rf123:Or bCP VIC 2EC1nIIA 114 IHE ht/B EV-21 VVE ..'..H80n0H0f11 IHE MCIE4rn� " ts."- � �I !.1-7 2n_AE)3EI0 v. ,2,�3*.--;!-I.I.Z '41) Itel IHE 1.141E151'E1. ��_f �s� . < 2 Afg1R1 z . Ui zi z � cr. FBIS 47 � z ?5, RUMANIAN COMMENT ON PUEBLO ..* 5 2 7g. BUCHAREST AGERPRES INTERNATIONAL SEPVICE i ENGLISH 0200 GM: 30 JAN 68 Lg� C j 07; 5' 3 (TEXT) IN CONNECTION WITH DEVELOPMENTS FOLLOWING THEIACT.ION OF. 1 ) THE U.S. SPYSHIP PUEBLO OFF THE KOREAN COAST, THE 30 JANUARY ScINTEIA PUBLISHES A COMMENTARY SIGNED BY A. CIMPEANu, WHO WRITES: raEAKING OUT AGAINST ANY MACHINATIONS AND A'3GRESSIVE (ACTIONS .BY THE PERIALIST ciRcLES, PUBLIC OPINION IN HVANIA IS CONDEMNING THIS EiA'NGEROUS ACTION AIMED AT STRAINING THE SITUATION IN T!-IE FAR EAST. � 0 U. �.< � 9. "zV2. t.r) Fictit e."441i 14.7�40,, � ;:. 'rfr .� � ��).� Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 ' , � � THE. FACT :THAT THE PUEBLO IS NEITHER AN INCIDENTAL NOR 'ISOLATED CASE MAKES TI-INGS EVE.:( GRAVER. T 'AZ A CT 10 N OF THE euEBLO' AND THE .ATTEMPT TO USE IT WIT'. THE AIM OF 5-22pilliG THE SITUATION IN THE FAR EAST, AROUSE DISA?PROVAL IN THE RANKS OF PEACE-LOVING .PUBLIC �CD !cr) !at OPINION. THg INTERESTS OF ALL PEOPLES MAKE IT IMPERATIVE THAT i�-�J THIS 'INCIDENT BE TREATED WITH CALM AND A SENSE OF RESPONSIBILITY. AT THE SAME TIME, THEY MAKE IT NECESSARY THAT THE INDEPENDENCE AND SOVEREIGNTY OF THE DPRK BE OBSERVED TC THE FULL AND THAT NO ACTION . w � u- UNDER ANY FORM OF A MA.TURE OF ENCROACHINIO: UPON ANY PEOPLE'S RIGHT TO (r) DECIDE THEIR FATE BY THEMSELVES Sh;UL'i 3E: UNDERTAKEN. FACTS HAVE � PROVED MANY�TIMES THAT THE USE CT._ FORCE FOR SETTLING LITIGOUS ISSUES RESULTS ONLY n THEIR AGGRAVATION. CONDEMNING ANY ACTON OF. THE �Mr-ITARIST CIRCLES ENCROACHING UPON INTERNATIONAL RULES, THE PROVOCATIVE ACTION AGAINST THE DPRK, (AS RECEIVED--ED) OUR COUNTRY CONSIDERS THAT IT IS NECESSARY FOR ALL THE PROBLEMS ARI:3ING FROM THE. PuESLC. ISSUE TO BE SETTLED WITH CALM, IN THE SPIRIT OF THE RULES GOVERNING INTERSTATE RELATIONS AND OF RESPECT FOR THEIR SOVEREIGN �RIGHTS, AND IN THE INTEREST .OF PEACE AND SECURITY IN THE FAR EAST AND THROUGHOUT THE WORLD, SCINTEIA'S COMMENTATOR WRITES IN CONCLUSION.. 30 JAN 1319Z DF/EAM � N. ����� � Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269.. . : � �< FBIS 43 (SEE 32 OF 29 JAN) RUMANIAN DELEGATION IN DPRK � PYONGYANG KCNA INTERNATIONAL SERVICE IN ENGLISH 1117 GM 36 JAN 68 B (TEXT) PYONGYANG--A DELEGATION 07 HE RUMANIAN COMM�INIST PARTY ARRIVED IN PYONGYANG TODAY BY AIR FOR A VISIT TO OUR COUNTRY AT THE INVITATION OF THE CENTRAL COMMITTEE OF THE KOREAN WORKERS PARTY (KWP). . � THE DELEGATION CONSISTS OF COMRADE IHE:0P.3)-E APOSTOL, MEMBER .OF � THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE AND THE FERIA WENT PRESIDIUM OF THE CENTRAL COMMITTEE OF THE RUMANIAN COMMUNIST PARTY, AND COMRADE: VASILE VLAD, CANDIDATE MEMBER OF THE CENTRAL COMMITTEE OF THE RUMANIAN " COMMUNIST PARTY AND DIRECTOR OF THE EXTEHNAI. RELATIONF; DEPARTMENT OF THE CENTRAL COMMITTEE OF THE RuMANIAN COMMuNIST PARTY. THE FORMER IS HEADING THE DELEGATION. THE GUESTS WERE MET AT THE AIRPORT BY COMRADE KIM KWANG-HYOP, , ..n MEMBER OF THE POLITICAL COMMITTEE:. AND ITS PRESIDIUM, AND SECRETARY � 5 lu ... ifi91JHE CENTRAL COMMITTEE OF THE KWF�s; CW,iP.119E FAX SONG� CHOL, iv.EMBE,R THE POLITICAL COMMITTEE OF THE :':P N77::4iL COMMITTEE AND VICE � � 1JEMIER OF THE CABINET; CHUN CHANG- CHOL MEMBER OF TYI.F. KWP. CENr?AL "r. rvrTry� A. Pan u A Tgunkm nr Mr iNTA1 COMMITTEE _0 ������THE:GENER.A.L.���.� ��� �� Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 . . . . .. ...� ..� � � ... -..........if: ' . FEDERAT IGN'. OF TRADE UAIONS OF XGREA; KIM YONG.. NAM9 VICE DIRECTOR.. . (Th r-\; . OF A DEPARTKENT OF T Yf. 101P CEATRAL CO TTEE; AND U.1 HER PERSONAGES �LL1 CONCERNED. . � )< �- AMBASSADOR NICOLAE POPA AND STAFF MEMBERS OF T HE RUMANIAN EMBASSY IN PYONGYANG WERE ALSO PRESENT AT THE AIRPORT. � 1 � 30 'JAN 124.0i �GKE/ CT :w COIAIWIILEE WO bgEBIDInW OE 11-1E i4E DErEcv1Ioo.COSI212. O. oieHEvbnaLor. W2L.E.C. ( 1)) � 114(111VI I0 V. Oh. J. CE vlEtir CO11E O'r.. 1� HOSEV 0E 6t18 1 ViSii IAED If4 b AO VeAViip L0DVA BA ti It' A1211. 1.0 f.'.111S conolBA vi HE (IEMI) 1)0 AV DErECV.I. IO OIL '4.E Bnwv vav C0W:441'21 btfl-UA bA01110016.-1 KCI4V lylEti I014Vr BEEM CY.. cl; E lCWlBH i11. e1 2�S BflwVIV DEIE CI V 11 IOW K EBI 7 ( BEE 2S OE Sa '4�40 ; Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 � : ��'1;�������7:-rn ��� � MB/BSP :0 . � . Id � iw-IRGENT iu. Iv) . !to N I GFELE AD PLIEBL - -COUNC I.L A-1 . 46F /Th UNITED NAT IONS, NEW YORK, J401. 29 (REUTERS) --THE � SECURIT Y COU.N.CIL CANCELLED TODAYO'S 'SCHEDULED SESSION 1.< T HE' PUEBLO CA ISIS TO GIVE DELL...2. ATES MORE TIME FOR PRIVATE - T AL KS ON -FOSS I BLE s.cx. a ION OF T iiE PROBLEM. . , � . � : .1(73 OFtE MB/BS P � � � .1:47P Alo � ' � .11c. 1,w HAL FIRST ADD 'UNITED NATIONS N I GHTLE AD PUEBLO � -qpuNCIL � xxxX PROBLEM. .�;u7 "; COUNCIL PREZADENT AGHA SHAM' PAKISTAN ANNOUNCED THE .f.!o ;4! DECISION AFTER MORNING-LONG r: ISCUSS IdNS WITH OTHER MEMBERS. 04424.E) MB/B.T,P 1:43P 4.! Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 N. Korergroke a Non-Rule on Spying Certainly this will bring about an That year, too, the CIA got caught been the curse of the military depart- By John Ma/ /re w,ohinstou nut man writor urgent reappraisal of spy methods, off base. Its .1.1-2 plane flown by Gary ments. not only by the United States but by Powers was picked off high over Rus- One technical expert who is .occa- . TilCOUNTRY whose 'spies get e:ught off base usually has no op- every country engaged in spying. sia by a SAM (surface-to-air missile) atonally summoned to work with ])IA tion but to adopt a posture of pained The Naked Mighty that people didn't think was all that or one of its members remarked sadly that the services "infiltrated" their silence, like the man with a hangover. accurate at such a height It S. best men into 111A and that too many The U-2 affair points up why the He cannot cure his problem; he can rpm. FACT is that the United States of them regard their own service as non-rules of � the spying business only outlive it. ' I cannot bear to be without a sen- But last week their primary interest, and perpetuate hardly permit it to be called a gentle- the non-rules that hey- sitive, costly and indefatigable spy aP-men's agreement. The plane had been the rivalry. or around the art of spying, or gather- paratus. Neither can Russia, France, th d f kh L d b duce y Lockheed or e log intelligence, were badly shaken , Britain, West Germany or Israel. pro CIAA Super Snooper when the North Koreans forced the Neither can any country that is large in the mid-1950s and by 1956 it had made passes over Russia,. The Russians 'DIY ITS OWN CHOICE, the Central USS Pueblo into their port of Wonsan. enough to be reckoned as a major ally s No one was off base. By all accounts or enemy, large enough to feel naked knew about it. They couldn't do any- LP Intelligence Agency work no thing at the time because they lacked closer with the 'Defense apparatus the Navy was snooping without tree- unless it Is reasonably well informed passing on North Korea's sea or air on what its big neighbors are up to. the technical means, but they were than duty requires. The CIA also or land space. It was not hurting the Yet for all its vital importance, spy- very annoyed and they protested pri- cherishes its separateness from the North Kbreans or threatening them; ing has one major and insuperable lim- vately in Washington. . . � even more secretive National Security it is highly unlikely that it was inter- nation. It can put together an amaz- Washington made some polite noises Agency, the vast code-breaking and fering with their communications be- log dossier on what the most secretive and perhaps the U-2 flights were held analyzing plant completed ten years cause its job was to listen, not to oh- hostile power has in hand, but it can off for a while, but they were resumed, ago out at Ft. Meade, Md. The NSA is struet. make only an educated guess � and There may have been 20 or 30 or more, nominally under the Defense Secretary Navy ships have done that off North perhaps a disastrously wrong one � sometimes from Turkey, sometimes and its top slot, is always held by an 'Korea for years the way Russian trawl- at what the enemy intends to de with from Norway, and on some occasions admiral or a general, but it generally era and naval auxiliaries are doing it it, the slower and lower Migs of the day operates according to rules known only today off both coasts of the United Sometimes the powers get caught serambled in vain to catch .the high to itself. States, an Irritating presence but part at it, intruder. Finally that SAM either Unlike the CIA, a widely dispersed of a warfare that is measurable only In the summer of 1960 an RB47 jet Melted it or came close enough to cause field agency which casts a broad net on a political thermometer. The two reconnaissance plane probed into the a flameout. for all kinds of political, scientific and big powers have agreed tacitly to keep Barents Sea far north of Moscow and American military snooping is tech- economic as well as military Informs- it that way. It is hardly a gentlemen's was shot down. Months later, Presi- nically elaborate and highly profes- Lion, the various Defense establish- agreement, considering the nature of dent Kennedy's persuasion was needed sional but, despite the best efforts of ments have a narrower scope. � � the activity that's involved, but it is to get the two officers released. The retiring Defense Secretary Robert S. The Army, through its Army Se- certainly a working arrangement, plane was apparently on a mission that McNamara, not entirely coordinated. curtly Agency, naturally operates from Now the North Koreans have upset could be called a feint, to smoke out It was he who established the Defense more fixed positions than the other the non-rules that the big powers lived the detection capability the Russians Intelligence Agency to bring about two services. As far as ASA's role in with, for reasons best known to them- had going for them on the cold roof more cohesion and to cut down the eavesdropping is concerned, its fixed selves (or to Peking�or even Moscow). of the world. The fliers -found out. interservice rivalry that has always See SPY, Page B3, Column 4 ,leits ,, , Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 N. Korea Broke Not-Rule . SPY, From Page B1 Installations allow it to mount enor- mously powerful radio and radar equipment that can scan a good 100 miles into an otherwise closed country, and the Army has some highly com- plex bases in Turkey, Pakistan, Iran and Taiwan as well as in continental � Europe. . . Host countries like Thailand, Pakis- tan and Turkey. are very sensitive about such installations' on their soil. Some of them allow so few foreign person'nel in, particularly military men, that it's a problem keeping the plants operating round the clock. "The navy has. always � � at least until last. week. � enjoyed a par- ticular advantage. It could slip up close to a country 'that was being ob- served without breaking 'international law, and sit there for almost indefinite periods, listening in on traffic, locating radar sites and 'gathering information that would permit their jamming. But In military terms, jamming is an ace to be used sparingly, because it im- mediately indicates to the other side that something big is in the wind, like shooting. � A There are supposed to be about a dozen intelligence-type ships like the Pueblo in the Navy, and perhaps a slightly larger number of oceanogra- phic vessels with an intelligence capa- bility. Moreover, the combat vessels of the Navy have wide varieties of snoop- ing capability. � Last year the unfortunate USS Liberty sailed too close to the Arab- Israeli war' and got badly shot up by Israeli jets, losing 34 men killed and at least 75 wounded. The curious thing about the Liberty incident is that the Joint Chiefs had become worried that she was sailing too close to the combat zone and sent a message ordering her to move away, but somehow the mes- sage was not received. . At least the Pentagon has emerged to some extent from its age of inno- cense in that it has acknowledged what ships like the Pueblo are up to.. One naval spokesman observed that "in- telligence collection by naval vessels is a routine activity among major � powers." That's a great advance over the laughable cover story first put out about the Liberty: that she was mean- dering around those waters using the moon as a passive reflector in com- munications. Or the first one in 1980. about the U-2, that it was a NASA weather plane that had unaccountably gone astray. On the other side of the fence, the Russian i have shown an energy and ingenuity in maritime snooping that no other nation can match. In fact, U.S. Navy experts con- stantly remind Congress of the march the Soviets are stealing on the West- ern navies. There are reports, for example, that at least half a dozen Soviet electronic spy ships are prowling up and down the U.S. East Coast. They are supposed to be part of a force of over 40 such vessels, a number of them in the Med- � iterranean and the eastern Atlantic.' There are also literally hundreds'of auperbly equipped� trawlers roaming the oceans. They catch a lot of fish and process them on the high seas with packing and refrigerating' equipment that is the envy of other nations. But they also funnel back to Moscow a. mosaic of maritime information, not all of it strictly military but including esoteric oceanographic data about the seas around Western countries. ' The purely snooping ships are called AGI, or Auxiliary General Intelligence. They can be up to 200 feet long and equipped with the most up to date radio and ridar equipment. Sometimes these ships sail right in between Amer- ican and other NATO country ships In maneuvers in the Atlantic or the lIdediterranean, coming so close that they are a hazard. Some years ago', a Soviet trawler moved in to photograph the submarine George Washington ,60 miles north of Long Island, when. it was firing dummy Polaris missiles, and almost collided with a Navy tdg. Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 I � 0 NGTC N; JAN.. 23 (REUTERS)�THE DEFENSE DEPARTMENT SA IC. I OD A Y THAT FJ CRTH KOREAN PATROL BOATS. SLAROUNDED A. U.S. SHIP AkD ARVED NORTH KOREANS BOARDED IT IN THE SEA OF JAPAN LAST NICHT. Grg (MORE) DI /VJI g: 51A 3- O. N2. � i m '' '..,;-.7; B� vs mg ,T, ,. .t m p, . ..., ,� -4- .. gf F, 5- .4.%, CrILE1' ICN AUXILIARY SHIP. U. S. S. PUEBLO, WAS BOARDED ---- . l' IN INTERNATICKAL vgATERS SHORTLY BEFORE MIDNIGHT EST. -,i ,..., n a i .? (...oRE) DL/VJL 8: 52A � E. �T ..... 3 , -51 I . , s. s.. # , 1i. * .. 17: M .-. 3.2. z�-� (1) 3 5 > 0 th O . * SE:CO.F:T.: ADD .T,ASHI NGTON SHIP X X X EST. 3 F....: rn --- 2, g � Z ,. :7 THE U.S. GOVERNMENT ACTED IMMEDIATELY TO ESTABLISH CONTACT .V.I,TH . 3 . rn C e 3 ti),.. R 3 � O. ih.:ORT 1-1 KOREA THROUGH THE SOVIET UNION, THE ANNOUNCEMENT SAID. O SC 00 .. X ..I 3". ..< a- ..1 f% HE N THE PUEBLO WAS BOARDED, ITS REPORTED POSITION VAS APPRO.x� ., , 0 fi NATELY 25 MILES FROM THE MAINLAND OF NORTH KOREA. THE SHIP REPORTED f� m 6 -0 f-� Cn" ter' 1,..2 THE BOARD I NG TOOK PLACE AT 127 DEGREES 54.3 MINUTES EAST Ft F.! U14. = ecs ;2e... trr"1:1_(?Cli UDE 19 DEGREES 25 MINUTES NORTH LATITUDE. THE TIME WAS -n... -,.. _. � . m 4 ...- -0: . P., . c.:ST (filL/4;" GVT). ':. . 0 ON. , FIRST, ADD ?.:ASHINGTON, SHIP X X X NIGHT. IT SAID THE SHIP, IDENTIFIED AS THE NAVY INTELLIGENCE ) CTNIAISSV-10 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 �7771.tick' �� �� � � � � MIVBSP. 46# � ���������� 1.7.:LRGENT. � � ij.t NI GHTLEAD PUEEL COUNCIL 0 �dif ....du- U. N.. SECUR IT Y COUNCIL CANCELLED TODAYO'S SCHEDULED SESSION ,ilco � T ,co rl -4 ON TIE PUEBLO CR ISIS TO GIVE DELEGATES MORE TIME FOR PRIVATE � � � -* � f!,4 2_ .4; TALKS ON A POSSIBLE SOLI.E1011 OF THE PROBLEM. to� � '...1;) (MORE) IAB/BSP � ...1.017? � UNITED NAT I ONS, NEW YORK, JAN. 29 (RE S) --THE 4 Ica - � � 5:4-1 � t' ; � , Is tAm -FIRST ADD UNITED NAT IONS tiGHTLEAD PUEBLO - -couNCIL : i;.�1;4 DECISION AFTER .40RNI.NG-LONG D:SCUSS IONS WITH OTHER MEMBERS; � � � �� . ,:48, X X I.; X PROBLEM.. � COUNCIL PRESIDENT AGHA SAAHI OF PAKISTAN ANNOUNCED THE � Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 A4' � � !,�?. :,.1.1!ji*.E-� :... � � ! AP 60' UR B E (Ng* DELHI) --A SPOKESMAN FOR THE NORTH �KOREAN CONSULATE IN NEW DELHI SAYS THERE. IS NO REASON WHY NORTH KOREA* SHOULD NOT .SW AP THE PUEBLO" AND ITS CREW FOR NORTHENERS ARRESTED IN SOUTH'. KOREA. THE SPOKESMAN WAS COMMENTING ON REPORTS THAT NORTH KOREA IS CONSIDERING-EXCHANGING THE.SHIP AND 83 CREWMEN FOR NORTHENERS. CHARGED,: WITH PLOTTING TO KILL SOUTH KOREA'S PRESIDENT. 'THE :SPOKESMAN SAID: "I DON'T KNOW WHY. WE' SHOULD NOT AND COULD NOT DO THAT WHEN THE PUEBLO AND ITS. CREW. WERE CAPTURED. WHILE ON ESPIONAGE WORK WITHIN OUR TERRITORIAL WATERS." . THE :NORTH KOREAN .CONSUL GENERAL IN NEW DELHI EARLIER DECLINED TO COMMENT ON REPORTS THAT A SWAP IS BEING CONSIDERED. THE REPORTS QUOTED 'SOVIET SOURCES IN NEW CDLHI, WHERE PR IME MINISTER KOSYG IN AND HIS PARTY CURRENTLY ARE VISITING THE REPORTS QUOTED SOVIET SOURCES IN NEW DELHI, WHERE PRIME MINISTER KOSYGIN AND HIS ?ARTY CURRENTLY ARE VISITING. 01 7-:-.4.57:7:; 2,g Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 eStS " QQPRZ FBIS 27 *****BULLETIN***** U.S. BOAT SEIZURE FOR YOUR INFORMATION B PYONGYANG DOMESTIC SERVICE IN KOREAN AT 1040 GMT ON 23 JANUARY REPORTS IN AN OFF-SCHEDULE SPOT ANNOUNCEMENT THAT ON 23 JANUARY, NAVAL VESSELS OF THE KOREAN PEOPLE'S ARMY CAPTURED AN ARMED SPY BOAT CV THE U.S. IMPERIALIST AGGRESSOR FORCE AND THE ENTIRE CREW. THE BOAT WAS CARRYING ON HOSTILE ACTIVITIES IN THE DPRK TERRITORIAL WATERS, THE REPORT SAYS. DETAILS AS AVAILABLE. 23 JAN 1101Z BAM/JB Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 S; 9 A 6t CURANT NE WEDNESDAY, .1AnAHY 21., 1461; ECEIVED . FPO 8 1968 k00-55 NEW YORK TINES 24 January 1968 P1 North Koreans Seize a U.S. Ship With 83 WASHINGTON POST 24 January 1968 P1 Reds Edging Closer To Base at Khesanh By Lee Lescaze W4shington ?oat Pelvic,. Service KHESANH, South Vietnam, Jan. 23 � North Vietnamese troops moved closer to the U.S. Marine base here Tues. day as Marines worked to im. prove their defenses and jets and artillery pounded the sur- rounding hills. ' Col. David E. Lownds, com- mander of the 26th. Marine Regiment, said the enemy has increased c'the .pressure on his base-piritheter since the bat- tle began three days ago. � � can't conclude anything elte," Lownds replied, when asked if he believes the North Vietnamese are planning to at- tack the base that spills on the red dirt of this small highland' plain around its lifeline � a 4006-foot airstrip, No one here knows how many North. Vietnamese are on the hills circling this plain, but all identified enemy dead have been from North Viet. nam's 325C Division. At full strength the division would have about .11,000 men. There are more than 5600 . Marines here and new Marine units ar- rived Tuesday. Marine reconnaissance pa- trols have sighted. or made :ontact with the enemy on all ddes of this base. An aerial )bserver said that enemy sol- diers were "walking all over the hills Sunday and'Monday." Now, he added, "they are get- ting harder"to spot?' . [Marine. patrols probing the hills around Khesanh killed 61 Communist troops Tuesday without suffering any casual- ties themselves, the U.S. Com- mand said in Saigon.] For the third straight day an American jet was shot down from the hills. Marine Maj. William E. Loftus, 31, of Chicago was hit as he made his fourth run over the ridge line--2000. yards north of the base. "My motor was surging, run- ning rough," at the time he pulled out of his strafing run, Loftus said. He said he saw holes in his left wing and fuselage and tried to turn his A-4E Sky- hawk for a landing on the air- strip. Unable to make the turn,. Loftus ejected over the cora= PAGE 3 BALTIMORE SUN 24 January 1968 P2 CAMBODIA SAID TO SHUN INSPECTIONS Bs PRAN SABHARWAL inrew Delhi Bureau a 7he Sun) New Delhi, Jan. 23 � Presi- dent Tito of Yugoslavia today passed the word to lndias Prime Minister Indira Gandhi that Cambodia's head of state, Norodom Sihanouk, does not want the International Control Commission expanded to super- vise the borders of Cambodia and South Vietnam. Marshal Tito was giving his assessment of the situation in Cambodia and talks he had with Sihanouk there. Tito told Mrs. Gandhi Cambodia wants to keep out of the war and that Sihanouk publicty asked for the effective functioning of the con- trel commission only to deter Arherican forces from exercis- ing the right to hot pursuit. ' Requested Expansion After the Bowles mission two weeks ago Sihanouk agreed to ask for, the expansion of the commission in return for Amer- ican assurances to respect the territorial integrity of Cambo- dia. Sihanouk feared that if the American forces were to cross the Cambodian borders the pro-Chinese elements in Cambo- dia would ask for Chinese inter- vention. Tito reported. There was fear that Giet Cong forces might also try to embroil Cam- bodia in the war he added. Sources close to the talks added Tito said that in Phnom Penh it is admitted that Viet Cong use Cambodia as a sanc- tuary but the number is. small. Bowles Visit Ambassador Chester Bowles, who went to Cambodia as Pres- ident Johnson's special envoy, CONTINUED PAGES NEW YORK TIMES 24 January 1968 P1 RADIATION FOUND WHERE 1-52 FELL _ . . By JOHN W. FINNEY Sp�cial to The New York 7:mrs WASHINGTON, Jan. 23�Air Force search teams were re- ported today to have detected small amounts of radiation from some or all of the four hydrogen bombs missing after a B-52 bomber crashed on the ice off northwest Greenland. After two days of hunting with dog sleds and helicopters, teams from the Thule Air Force Base in Greenland still had not found the unarmed thermonuclear weapons. But the detection of the radiation was taken as an encouraging sign that the bombs were scattered across the surface and had not plunged through the ice with parts of the bomber into about BOO feet of water. If the bombs are still on the surface, recovery opera- tions will be easier. It was first thought that the bombs had sunk to the bottom of North Star Bay, about seven miles southwest of the Thule base, raising the problem of underwater recovery opera- tions through the sea ice. The radiation suggested that some of the bombs might have broken apart in the impact of the crash and during the subsequent explosion in the bomber as it careened several hundred feet across the ice. If the bombs have split and spilled fissionable materials, this could present radiological health problems in cleaning up the radioactive debris from the explosion. The radiation detected was that of alpha rays, given oft by plutonium, a fassionable ma- terial used along with enriched uranium in the trigger of a by. drogen bomb. If ingested or inhaled, phi. tonium is highly toxic. But ir the uninhabited stretches oi northwest Greenland, the Or tonium is not expected to pre- sent a particular health haz- ard. The B-52 bomber, on a rou- tine airborne-alert flight from the air force base in Platts- burgh, N. Y., crashed Sunday afternoon while attempting en CONTIPAJED PA 2 Cy NEIL SHEEHAN . sp,o4 tD Tilt Sew York .I1m0 � WASHINGTON, Jan. 23 � North Korean patrol boats seized a United States Navy intelligence ship in Wonsan pay. shortly before lest midnight and took the vessel and.her'33 Crew members Mai A North Korean port. The Defense Department, re- porting the incident, .said today that .the vessel had been in in- ternational waters. But in a Pyongyang radio broadcast to- day, North Korea asserted that' the Pueblo had "intruded into the territorial waters of the republic and was carrying out hostile activities." .The broad- cast called the ..Ptiehir) "an armed spy boat or the United States imperialist aggressor. force." , Secretary of State Dean. Rusk called the seiiiire.of the.Pneblo "a matter of the utmost 'grav- ity." He said the United States was negotiating. with, North Korea '"throtigh the Channels that are available to LIS to ob- tain, the immediate ' release, of. the vessel and her crew."' The incident forced a sudden confrontation between.' the United States and an Asian Communist regime :that has long been calling for-diversion- ary � assaults:against.,...Linited. States- Imperialism" Ito dis- tract American energies from the war in Vietnam: � The Defense Department said four crewmen of the Pueblo had been wounded, one critical- ly. One report said a. crew member's leg had been. blown off. The Pentagon declined, to say how the men had been wounded.. . . The Pueblo carried 5 officers, 75 enlisted men and 2 civilians, whom the Defense Department Identified . as . Navy civil- ian hydrographers performing Oceanographic research. .. Carrier Is Sent to Area Military sources said that the nuclear-powered aircraft carrier Enterprise and two: destroyers were diverted toward Korea early in the day in response to the seizure. The Enterprise had Just ended a visit in Sasebo. Japan, and was headed south toward .the Gulf of Tonkin to join other carriers of the Sev- enth Fleet in :staging air raids against North 'Vietnam when the carrier and her escorting PREPARED IST TRE AIR FORCE (SAP-AA) AS EXECUTIVE AGENT POR THE DOD TO BRING TO THE ATTENTION 0, KEY DEFENSE DEPART-. � - � - NIINT FERBONNEL NATTERS WITRIN THEIR OFFICIAL RESPORSTBILITIES. HO CANER USE OP THIS' PUBLICATION IS AUTHORIZED. � 111 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 N.KOREAN3 SEX 7Z A. ,. U� SUP. � �COntillue4 destrmsera revel \ et; cidors to head, for Korea, Thare -were also repa-is that the United States' Eighth Army in Korea and�South Korean mili- tary forces had been placed. on , alert as a result of the Pueblo incident as well as the clash in Seoulaon Sunday between South Korean policemen- and a group of 31 armed North Korean in- filtrators. The 31 -were said to have planned to attack the presidential .palate. The -Defense Department de- clined to confirm the alert re- ports, but alerts by Anterican. and South Korean- forces:-tare normal in: such circumstances. The State' Department spokes- man. Robert J. McCloskey, said that an "urgent request" for the release of .the Pueblo and her crew had been. sent to North Korea 'through the Soviet Union and that the matter would also be brought-up ire-the evening with the-Korean..armiss tice..commtssiorrat Panmunjom. The commission, set .up at the end of the Korean war, is the sole regular channel of di-. rtt't conICIL:nicztion� between. the United States and North Korea. Highly Secret Devices Aboard AccOrding. to the-Defense Dc- the Puebkisis.:.aa906- 0tin."Vessel that carriesahighly,. Secret electronics-equipment dea� signed 'to interceptsradarsend other -electronic- signals,, and gatheririformationafors:intellis 'r � The�dep'ertineritSaidthe ship had-been- in international wa- ters about 25.niilesoff'the eaSts ern Cerast.ef NotthKorea when: she 'Wits-boarded. by armed North' Koreett sailers at '1-1:45 . rieJ latitude � and.: longitude. gveii 'hy, the Pentagon as the ship's poaition- at sthats. -time wotild ..haires piat � hers itbouts20 miles: from: .the ;:peidnitila � that forms the itottherti, Sinn 'Of Monean-Bay and abent 30 miles from thePoreaf Mensan,where the Ptiebisi Was taken. : ....Defense VepartMent officials did not, however, gale the PoSi- tion� Of the -.Pueblo-when AIM was -first accosted-by a North Korean gunboat at 10 P.M., nearly two hours before she was boarded. Some military sources said the ship had been closer than 25 miles to the coast. But -they said they be- lieved the'Pueblo had been out- side the 12-mile limit ihatNorth Korea claims for its territorial waters. Mr. McCloskey said he could state "categorically" that the Pueblo had remained outside the 12-Mile limit at all- times. Military sources said that the North Koreans opened fire on the Pueblo at one point be- fore boarding. But other -offi- cers said they were not certain the North Koreans had fired upon the Pueblo, and that the Injuries of the crewmen might-. have been wounded on at- tempts to blow up the -ship's secret .electronics equipment. The 'Defense' Department, de- to comment or. either Cr- - ePentagon said the Puebla had not used any weapons dur- ing the incident. The ship car- ries only tWo .50-caliber Ma- chine guns as well as small arms for the officers and men. PresidentJohnson was await. � need at 2 A.M. and notified ol the incident by Walt W. go: tow, special Presidential assist. ant. Secretary of Defense Rob. nit S. McNamara and the Join, Chiefs of Staff were also no- tified. � George Christian, the Presi- dential press secretary, said Mr. Johnson discussed the seizure at his regular Tuesday strategy luncheon with Secretary Mc- Namara, Secretary Rusk and other senior officials. The Joint Chiefs also held a special meeting on the incident. Military sources said the four North. Korean patrol craft that surrounded the Pueblo were So- Met-rnade. Each was armed with four 25-sum, automatic antiaircraft guns. The North Korean craft�one conventional patrol boat and three other raft of motor tor- pedo types -- were capable of speeds of 23 to 40 knots, while the Pueblo had a top speed of 12.5 knots. According to the Defense De- partment account, North Korean patrol craft first ap- proached the Pueblo -at about 10 P.M. (niacin Tuesday Korean time) and, with international flag signals, asked the Pueblo to-identify herself:. -. - When the': Pueblo replied that she was ,an:Amerleart-ship, theaNOrth Kpreaea� ship, in. sw.eied;,.!hieave to of 1 will open fireantsyeu,S..the.Defense. Department- said. --..The� Pueblo replied:�"1..einsie .international, waters.7.,s-: , � ..� : -Aceiatinte of-Action.:Drrfer .7 �. this joint, Sranes eoureea-.saict.:the Pue1t's cap. tain�;Ciimdrl'aleydllt, Bucher, trieds.to .move fatthetstromstlie OtiaStSand theS.NOrth Korean Vessel..opeed fir wounding it leaSt one. of the ere'w,.:T.he Pen- tagon. acebutit said � only :that at thiS:".point "the patrol boat circled the Pueblo." . . . S4bdut anhour' later,. the Pen. tagon-.Said;'.three 'Other :patrol craft appeared'and one ordered in internationar.SigealsS;!!Fol- low.in-frie:Wake,:lhav'e-appet ab0ard."1. . inc 'z;?..T2 In" on the Pueblo, the Pentagon said, "taking different positions on her bow, beam and quarter." Two North Korean M1G fighter planes were also sighted by, the Pueblo's crew circling :off her starboard bow. One .patrol craft then began backing toward the bow of the Pueblo "with fenders rigged" and "an armed boarding party" on-her bow, the Pentagon said. Fenders are ropes or rubber bumpers used by ships to avoid damaging each other when they pull alongside. Ship Apparently Halted . Although the Defense De- partment did not say so, its ac- count gives the impression at this point that the Pueblo was stationary. At .11:45 P.M., the Pentagon said, the Pueblo radioed that she was being boarded, and at 12S10 she said she had been 2 BADIATION F -1111= B-52- ont sake, aii emergency laniennas Thule. Shortly before the-crash. the seveMman crew bailed out alter the bomber had apparenthi caught fire and filled with' smoke. One of 'the crew' mem- bers, the :co-pilot, was killed: The four thermonuclear wea- pons carried by the bomber were unarmed, preventing their detonation in the crash. Arm- ing of a nuclear weapon re- quires a series of mechanical and electronic stems by at least two members of the crew. These steps would be taken only after a coded command signal, approved by the Presi- dent, had been radioed to the: bomber. Although the possibility of a nuclear explosion was ruled. out, the Air Force, if -only for political and psychological reasons, was intent on recov- ering the weapons. Plane Parts-Are Found . Search operations wer.e. ham- pered by the darkness of the.: Arctic winter,. subzero tempera- tures and swirling snow. - Helicopters were unable- to. land in the crash area because crews were unable to gee-bear- ings in the darkness and, snow. Surface search � operations have thus far depended on dog- sled teams. They were reported clearing a small landing: area for helicopters. Plans called-for moving a small Arctic shack. to the crash area to provide heat and light for the search teams. a Search. teems. were reported to: haVe.foUnd- the .arelswhete bomher "ti'a0ed � ..anttl'ap-. eerentlf exploded as ifs:fUe1 wOnt up 01'41a:hes. Some, pieces of 'the �planei.such, as -an engine, hate ::been discovered scattered.asoiSs.thu ice. The 'key question is whettier beh:luirribeT, cithcic-ire the, crash or in: the subsequent fire, plunged or melted its way through . the ice, which is six to nine feet thick,. carrying the: bombs. with is On this Nina there was fragmentary and snetradictory evidence. Some large cracks in the ice have barn observed in the crash area, but it is not clear whether the cracks were caused by the impact of the plane or v...;:re alreary in the shifting ice. � � . There were indications that the !abandoned bOmber did not erasii .: head-en but skidded across the ice in a gentler landing. Ebid wrks r,o0 to 600 feetIong were reported to have. ;men. obseaved. -One possibility .was that the. plane broke apart as it skidded. across the ice and then ex- ploded. In the heat of the ex- plosion, some of the parts. in, cludingthe , bombs, may have fallen 'into the melting- ice, ad then been covered over as the ice refroze. The search operations are. under the command of Mal Gen!. Richard 0. �Hunziker, de- puty chief of staff for material of the Strategic Air Command, General Hunziker flew to Thule yesterday hum 3.A.C.. head- quarters .in Omaha. . Air- Force officials said . the B-52 bomber had not flowns -through the airspace of Green-. land,: which is owned by Den- Mark:Under the 1949 agree- Merit .giving the arnited.: States aie.biserights.sat Thule, United . Stites,: tal anes' carrying , n ucl e ar weapons, 'are forbidden � to -.fly over Danish territory------- requested .i: :,to ��sfellow -...,the North:.1,corpgritVesiels,iiitti Won-, saq.sarid -.that ',-;,slie,.....hatl:rroftiSed, any. weapons.",,, � The finals measage:Irbrir the Pueblo Came at 12:32 A.M., the Defense Department said:-- come to "alrstops.and thether: radio' WaS"Sg-dieg.,Off the: air." - Military 'sources-- 'said -Com mender:. Bucher!-had., radioed-- earlier-thar-he,-war.deltroying� Ma tedret'electronicsequipmenS- but:lt ia.uniniWn-hOW;much he' sue-deeded- 'destroying: 'Thu equipment, :if scapturedswoule and Soviet intelligence-men. The Pueblo had been in the area about two week on an electronics interception mission, the officials said. They added that other American Mtelli- gence-gatheripg ships had ac- complished smiler missions In. the same area 'before without being bothered by the North Koreans. This, with the manner- in which the Pueblo was seized, has suggested to-some military officials that the North Koreans had probably planned the seiz- ure as part of a general effort to increase tension. Last November Arthur J. Goldberg, the United States delegate , to the United Na- tions, reported to the .organi- zation that there had been a -drastic increase in North' Ito- rean!liolatiOns of:the 1953 arisi- litic,:a*reemenL,:; j � t TheiNorth KOttin'hrciedcast after :the Pueblo incident � tied it to-the clastfin'Seoliion Sun- day, and ':esatrteil �-that the United-States and South ,Korea had;.,retaliated by -firing "Mow Sends of rounds of small anti -artillery fire-Into our, area" of ,the demilitarized U'odOr- Istgthe'niEhtand'.by-.dIngg 1!an,.-arm�M7. 'My vessel :or the U.S. forces to intrucle ,into %the. *item nftWon.san.-abd:,Peffe."' trate. serious proyoriation.:7 perate, deathbed kick this is!" the broadcast said. "Our naval vessels engaged in patrol duty on the spot captured the armed vessel of the U.S. imperialist aggressor force and the entire crew, resolutely defying the counterattack." Mr. McCloskey, the State Department spokesman, said American diplomats were using any channels 'which might be helpful" in trying to negotiate the release of the ship and her crew. He did not specify the channels. Japan, an ally of the United states, has repre- sentation in North Korea. "I wish to re-emphasize the seriousness with width we view this flagrant North Korean ac- tion against the United States naval vessel on the high seas." he said. Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 MIS EDGING CLOSER TQ KHESANH...Continued base from 1500 feet after mak- ire, sure that his jet would not crash into the Marine position. .lie parachuted unhurt in- side the wire of the base and the Plane smashrd into the ridgeline he had bc en strafing. "So this is the place." Loftw said. "I've seen it happen to others, finally its me." Digging Deeper Although several Marine battalions are operating in the hills between Kbesarth anti the Laos border seven miles to the west, the emiihasis here at the base is on defensive prepara- tions. "I tell the kids to dig a foot a day at least," Lownds said. "If the enemy doesn't attack for two more weeks I'll prob- ably have three more strands of wire around us, but if you're asking am 1 ready, the answer is yes." � Enemy forces have isolated the base from Khesanh village four miles southwest and from the Special Fortes camp at Laungvei. Three mixed Marine and South Vietnamese Civil Action platoons were evacu- ated from around Khesanh vil- lage Monday and civilians who wanted to escape were flown out after making their own way from the village to the base. The evacuation served two military purposes, in addition to giving the civilians a way out of what promises to be heavy fighting. Allied 'forces were weak in the village and it was not considered defensi- ble without reinforcement. Also. many of the shells fired at this base Sunday came front within the village. Artillery Used In addition to rockets and mortars, the enemy used artil- lery against this base Sunday, according to many Marines here. Officially, the U.S. Com- mand does not report that the enemy has artillery it can bring to bear on the base. The Sunday attack blew down many of the flimsy, tin- roofed buildings. Digging deeper bunkers and sand-bag- ging the walls of the buildings has become a major occupa- tion, but much remains ex- posed and ramshackle. Perhaps only Dakto is a worse battleground for Ameri- can troops in Vietnam than Khesanh. The steep slopes are alternately covered with heavy forest and waist-high grass. Khesanh is isolated from other Marine posts and de- pends entirely on planes for its -ammunition and other sup- plies.- At this time of year, the clouds close on the hilltops in late afternoon and the mist never lifts before Midmorning. On. bad days, the plain is cov- ered with fog and drizzle that makes all air operations im- eossible. Col. Lownds has orders to "defend the combat base and its ancillary facilities and check infiltration." Khesanh was originally established by the Athrim, rep..r on and WASHINGTON POST ilkumary 1968 (24) i ! blo,ds. at. least pact code, infie !ration of )11,1111 Vietnamese larvard Ilead Cites 'Nonsense' troops fr,o l.aos and from across the Ih-nitlitarized Zone. Laotian Base The 325(' Di% iSi1111 now threatenin K hesanh is be- lieved LO its 1)1� ill Laos. The battle shaping up here is the first major action in this at.ea since the battle for Hills cii and 881. from April 24 to May 5 lost year. In that biotic. the Marines suffered Intl dead and 297 wounded cc hilt' reporting 554 enemy dead by body count and a potable kill of more than twice that figure. Marine commanders were criticized in some quarters for their tactics in ordering charges up those hills. In a war where real estate is often gained only to he given up. critics asked, why charge a well-prepared enemy who holds the tops of hills? The same question was asked after the bloody battle of the 173d Airborne on Hill 075 at Dakto last Thanksgiv- ing. Marines, however, have held on to the crest of 861 and the southern of the two 881 hills (the names designate the height of the hills in meters.) It was the Marine unit on 861 that repulsed the most serious enemy probe of the present campaign. Around Khesanh, however, 861 and the 881s are three among many hills. News agencies reported these other developments: � About 200 South Viet- namese militiamen and a num- ber of civilians evacuated the former district capita] of Huonghoa, the second town whose garrison has been pulled back in the Khesanh area. The militia moved into the Special Forces camp at Langvei. In three days of Communist. attack on Huonghoa, about three miles from the Khesanh base, 18 South Vietnamese were killed. But Huonghoa's defenders claimed their fire and supporting air strikes killed 250 Comrnunist soldiers. � More than 300 troops of the U.S. 1st Cavalry Division (Airmobile1 moved north to the Hue-Phubal area, from which they can be airlifted by helicopter to Khesanh if needed. They are the first U.S. Army troops to be posted north of the Marine base at Danang. � Farther south, other ele- ments of the 1st Cavalry mak- ing a sweep of the coastal plains caught a Vietcong force in the open Tuesday and killed 128. Four Ameri- cans were killed, a U.S. mili- tary spokesman said. � In Saigon, the South Viet-. namese government said thati allied forces last week killed 1842 Communist soldiers, a drop from the 2216 Communist dead reported the previous week. South Vietnamese losses were put at 223 killed, 750 wounded and 71 missing or captured. � The American. pacifist told the American Ambassador what Sihanouk wants of the Americans. The source added that Tito explained the Cam- bodia stand and unwillingness to get embroiled in the war. Tito maintained with Mrs. Gandhi that Americans are the aggressors in Indo-China and they should leave and allow the Vietnamese to decide their own fate. Both leaders considered the recent Hanoi statement on talks as a "positive gesture," official sources said. India's Stand Mrs. Gandhi explained India's stand on the request made by Cambodia for the effective func- tioning of the International Con- trol Commission. She is reported to have turned down the United States offer of helicopters, as America is not a signatory to the 1954 Geneva Agreement on Cambodia. She indicated to Tito � that India will support investigation of any specific complaint lodged by Cambodia. The International Control Commission will accept help from signatories like Cam- bodia for expeditious investi- gations into the complaints, sources dose to the talks said. The sources said Sihanouk feared that if an expanded con- trol commission were to estab- lish that Communist forces do, indeed, take sanctuary in Cam- bodia, then Americans would immediately assert their rights of hot pursuit. liA-MBlillniE.I1lass.,.lan. 21 ;Ai. ftr,sident. Nratlian l'o,:ey o Ha f rvarcl University! r,00rt today re-! eal'ed an arademie year of "intompi�i aft- s I sitent he. [savior :cud displays: of "bet., 11011011S1.,- by some! iiiimpus ctiv ists. ; Ile said a v,il. n Harvard in 19(16 by Seer(.41:�:. of Defense. Ii ohert S. .0 h.-Namara provoked! "un)recedcmed intemperate; student beln:vitir" as students' blocked MeNamara's car and shouted insults at him. In the tall of 1967. Posey: said. sunients- maintained "something very like a state of siege for more than six -hours" to prevent a job recruiter from Dow Chemical Co. from leav- ing an office where he was conducting job interviews. Pusey said other American universities share with Har- vard the difficult educational task of bringing back to reality the few students who, "safe within the sanctuary of an ordered society ... play at be- ing revolutionaries and fancy themselves rising to positions of command atop the debris as the structures of society come crashing (10W11." CAMBODIA SAID TO SHUN INSPECTIONS...Contfd also called on the visiting statesman, His visit with Tito was described as a "courtesy call" by American Embassy sources. CHICAGO Tammig----- 24 Jams 1968 P5 SPACE STUDY Yugoslav sources said Tito EXPERT SAYS BY RONALD KOTULAK The United States may be abandoning scientific explora- tion of the planets to the Russians, D r. William H. Pickering, director of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasa- dena, Cal., said yesterday. Congressional cutbacks i n space spending have almost eliminated America's planetang space missions, said DA Pickering, whose laboratory planned and developed the Mariner, Ranger, and Surveyor planetary and moon missions. Russian Studies Continue . While the United States has sidetracked planetary missions, the Russians have given every indication that they will keep up their heavy commitment to explore the solar system, Dr. Pickering said at a press conference at the Illinois Insti- tute of Technology. Dr. Pickering, who is attend- ing the third annual national conference on industrial re- search, was honored as "Man of the Year" by Industrial Research magazine. He re- ceived a plaque and $1,000. "The United States has su- periority in space exploration but the Congressional cutbacks may enable the Russians to get well ahead of us," �Picker- ing said. Because of the Vidt Nam war and other federal programs the National Aeronautics and Space administration budget has been trimmed by nearly one billion dollars to 4.5 billion this fiscal year. The budget cuts affected the planetary exploration pro- grams the most. Surveyor 7, which recently made a soft-landing on the moon, is the last of the unmanned lunar missions. Con- gress eliminated from the fiscal 1968 budget 71 million dollars for two craft that would have landed on Mars in 1973 and 10 million dollars for a Mars orbiter scheduled for 1971. 3 yacht, Phoenix sailed from Hong Kong after obtaining North Vietnamese permission to deliver its cargo of medical supplies to Haiphong. It pre- viously had been refused per- mission to deliver its cargo, both by North and South Viet- nam. � In Hong Kong after his three-week tour of South Viet- nam, Sen. Joseph Clark (D- Pa.) predicted: "It will be a stalemate in Vietnam. it will be Korea all over again." Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 CHICAGO TRIBUNE 24 January 1968 P8 KOREAN TRUCE VIOLATIONS BY REDS MOUNTING BY RUSSELL FREEBURG (CfliCago Tribune pots smite! Washington�Jan. 23�A sharp � increase in the scope and intensity of North Korean mili- tary activities and armed at- � tacks has bean overshadowed � by the fighting in Viet Nam. I But the increase in the tempo , of communist activities in Korea has American officials worried. Altho a -second front" seems unlikely. a growth in infiltration and guerrilla activi- ty in Korea could have reper- cussions in Viet Nam. where the second largest foreign force compared to the United States is the 40,000 South Korean � troops. Capped by the alleged assas- sination mission of 31 armed North Korean infiltrators into Seoul Sunday night. the Korean truce violations by the Com- munists have increased dra- matically in the last year and have raised serious doubts about North Korea's continued willingness to keep peace and stability in the area. Tells Red Nan The night raid Sunday, ac- cording to a North Korean army officer who was captured. was to charge the presidential mansion in Seoul and kill the South Korean president, Gen. Chung Hoe Park. The incidents in Korea have increased as the communist attempts to win in Viet Nam have bogged down. In the first 10 months of last year there. were 543 North Korean truce violations, compared to 50 in all of 1966. American officials said the incidents resulted from infiltra- tion .into touth Korea from the north of armed teams for the purpose of setting ambushes, I laying mines, and raiding posi- tions near the demilitarized zone and engaging in other subversive activities in the interior of the Republic of (South I Korea [AOKI. Hostile Nets Increase Infiltration has been by land and sea. A table follows that shows the stepped up activity: 1965 1966 1967 11000 Significant incidents ' 181 DMZ area a2 37 623 Interior of ROK 17 13 120 Earbaaries of fire DMZ area 23 19 117 interior of DOK 6 11 95 Nerte Koreans killed ir 1,2014 North Corrals captured ROK II 19 50 United Nations personnel killed in ROK . 21 35 122 Unitert Nations personnel wounded in ROK 6 29 279 ROK national police and other Civilian5 killed 19 4 22 ROK national police and other civilians wounded 13 5 53 The infiltration by sea began last June. American officials said that many armed 'bands . 4 43 224 NEW YORK TIMES 24 January 1968 P2 eaos Is Said to Plan ElecOonic Line to Halt Foe VIENTIANE, Laos, Jan. 2:No US. Troop. commitmentf filtraiion line. in Laos would be "(API � A high Laotian Govern- .an extension of. the fence-and. 1 ent source said today that an . 'ti Envisioned, Source Says- Imine barrier across the north- electronic barrier would be in- stalled across Laos to block the movement of North Vietnamese (mops and supplies. The source said the harrier would not involve constructions on the ground or the station- ing of United States soldiers in Laos. � Ho implied that devices dropped from airplanes as well, as complex airborne equipment would be. used to check on the movement of North Vietnamese soldiers down the Ho Chi Minh trail in eastern Laos to South Vietnam. Actually, the United States has long used electronic sys- tems, such as infrared cameras, to photograph truck convoys at night. United States bombers have been called in to destroy these movements. This was confirmed official- ly today in Bangkok, Thailand. Premier Thanom Kittikachorn said United States planes were bombing the Ho Chi Minh trail from bases in Thailand. � Mr. Thanom told reporters the trail was being "constant- ly-bombed." Military sources here said Bombing Is Confirmed much of the bombing took place at night when large Com- munist truck convoys were on the move. The entire American covert effort in Laos poses a major political problem to Premier Souvanna Phouma's Govern- ment, which is pledged . to neutrality under the Geneva ac- cords of 1962. As North Vietnam denies the obvious � that its troops are stationed in and crossing through Laos � the United States denies playing any major military role here. � Source of Embarrassment However, it is known that the major portion of the entire air war in Laos is being car- ried out along the Ho Chi Minh trail by United States bombers. Laos has only a few jet train- ers that have been converted into fighter-bombers. They also attack the trail. It was first bekieved the in- front North Korea have landed in the southern part of South Korea. Once ashore, they have attempted unsuccessfully to or- ganize guerrilla activity. More than. 20 bands have been identified�with nearly all, of the infiltrators captured or killed. Assault Fleet Used To carry out these opera- tions. the North Koreans have assembled a fleet of very fast agent-team delivery boats about 75 to 80 ftiet in length, armed, and capable of carrying 30 to 40 men with equipment. North Korean raiders and reconnaissance seams raneing from six to fin in one case have entered South Korea by land, across the 11M7,. There, in carefully plonned and recon- noitered nrierations. they have attaCked DMZ police forces and installations of the United Na- tions command located in the sooth half of the zone. North Korean infiltrators have also laid mines in the roads of the United Nations command in the south half of the zone and in one case atta'cked a U N. engineering unit engaged in road construc- tion. In another instance. North Korean agents blew up two U. N. barracks. Goldberg Raps Violations .Arthur J. Goldberg. United States ambassador t o the United Nations. told the inter- natibnal body last fall that the North Koreans are violating both the letter and spirit of the armistice agreement of 1953. He said the North Koreans have shown no signs of wanting to cooperate in stopping their military activities. Only on Monday. just hours ern border of South Vietnam. Reports from Washington have 'said �'that the barrier has al- ready been extended into Laos. The Government of Laos has ,been embarrassed by these re- ports. The high Government source said he had no informa- tion on any such.extension. � The United States Embassy declined to discuss any aspect of the barrier. United .States sources said that despite official denials spe- cial American reconnaissance patrols from South Vietnam have been operating In Com- munist-controlled portions of Laos, seeking out truck and troop concentrations. Information' gathered by these patrols is ,radioed to South Vietnam. where bombers are then dispatched, these sources added. It was believed.. however, that these reconnais- sance patrols operate- for only a short period in Laos. The Laotian Government source said the stationing of United States troops in Laos would risk a major expansion of the war in this country. CHICAGO TRIBUNE 24 January 1968 P6 Name Heroic Pilot for Medal of Honor Washington, Jan. 23 1.-Pr � The Pentagon announced today the 24th medal of honor of the Viet Nam war will go to an air force pilot who flew a light, unarmed plane against an enemy force to save a South Vietnamese army battalion. Capt. Hilliard A. Wilbanks, 34, a native of Cornelia, Ga., was killed last Feb. 24 in the action near Dalat, South Viet Nam. Harold Brown, secretary of the air force, will present the medal to Wilbanks' widow, Rosemary A. Wilbanks of Glen Allan, Miss., in ceremonies tomorrow at the Pentagon. Discovers Ambush Force It will mark the second award of the medal of honor to an air force man for heroism in before the Pueblo incident, the state department took note of the continued unruliness of the Communists in Korea by say- ing it deplored their actions. Kim Dong Jo, South Korea's ambassador t o Washington, charged that North Korea's seizure of the Pueblo and- the raid on Seoul are part of a deliberate program to help North Viet Nam and the Viet Cong. Kim called attention to a speech on Dec. 17 by Norto Korea's Premier Kim II Song saying that North Korea IS -doing everything in its power to support the brotherly Viet- namese people." 4 Viet Nam. The citation credits Wilbanks with bravery while flying as a forward air controler providing reconnaissance for the South Vietnamese. "He discovered a large hostile force poised to ambush the advancing South Vietnamese Rangers and, recognizing that support aircraft could not ar- rive in time, made repeated low passes. in his unarmed, light aircraft and inflicted' many casualties by firing his rifle out of the side window," a Penta- gon statement said. Wounded 'Pilot Crashes "His daring tactics allowed the Rangers to withdraw from their exposed position," the Pentagon added. "During his final attack on the enemy forces, Capt. Wilbanks was mortally wounded and his bul- let riddled aircraft crashed." He was the son of Travis O'Neal Wilbanks and Ruby Lee Wilbanks of Cornelia-. Ga. NEW YORK NEWS 24 January 1968 P48 N.Y. Defense Pacts New York City companies re- ceived a total of $11 million in government defense contracts last month, according to the New York City Department of Com- merce and Industrial Develop- ment. Largest was received by Hazeltine Corp. for $5,151,480, Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 006638269 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 WASHINGTON POST 24 January 1411 65 Professors In Saigon Urge Peace Moves From News SAIGON, Jan. 23�Sixty-five South Vietnamese Professors called on "all the belligerent parties" today to extend the coming lunar new year cease- fire and start peace negotia- tions. "The present conflict is seri- ously endangering the very ex- istence of the Vietnamese peo- ple from both material and moral standpoints," the profes- sors said in a statement. "Therefore every Vietnamese has the duty to contribute to the finding of a suitable way out for his fatherland ... "The complex differences between the official positions require subtle solutions that can only be reached after long deliberations an d drawnout negotiations. , "In order to create a suit- able atmosphere for such an open-hearted discussion be- tween the belligerent parties, and above all to save thou- sands of people from death and suffering while a peaceful settlement is being sought, we appeal to all the belligerent parties to extend indefinitely the Tot cease-fire and to ne- gotiate immediately a peaceful settlement." The Tet standdown is sched- uled to begin this weekend. The Vietcong say they will observe a seven-day cease-fire beginning Friday. The Allies 'nave announced they would observe a 36-hour cease-fire. This was originally scheduled to be 411 hours, hut a government spokesman said last weekend this had been re- duced because Saigon had learned the enemy would take advantage of the period to carry out supply missions. The professors, most of whom are from the govern- ment-run University of Saigon, made no direct mention of the National Liberation Front in their statement. The NU' is the political arm of the Viet- cong and the South Viet- namese government has stated. repeatedly that it will not rec- ognize It. But the professors' appeal was directed to "all Viet- namese who have the responsi. bility in this land not to for- feit this precious opportunity . . to sit together, to recog- nize one another as Viet- namese in order to find a for- mula for peace based on the supreme interest of the na- tion." On Jan. 10, a group of about a dozen South Vietnamese in- tellectuals released a six-paget proposal calling for "the unifl-' Dispa to hes � cation of the National Libera- tion front and the Republic of Vietnam." Apparently fearful of government reprh;als, the drafters issued their statement anonymously. South Vietnam's* 17 Roman Catholic bishops have also is- sued a call for a start in nego- tiating an end to the war. The bishops said the Americans should stop bombing North Vietnam and that the North Vietnamese should stop infil- trating South Vietnam. On the other side of the issue, a group of 300 Roman Catholic refugees who fled from North Vietnam more than a decade ago urged the Saigon government to reject any peace solutions initiated by the United States. They vowed to fight against any government coalition that in- cluded Communists. WASHINGTON POST 24 January 1968 Pll Giap's Hand Seen in Reds' DMZ Buildup New York 0,05 Newe SAIGON, Jan. 23�Gen. Wil- liam C. Westmoreland, the U.S. commander in Vietnam, believes that North Viet- namese Defense Minister Vs Nguyen Giap, architect of the fall of Dienbienphu, is person- ally masterminding the Com- munist buildup around the De- militarized 2 o n e, it was learned today. At a top-level briefing, West- moreland said that the tactical movement and deployment of Communist forces in and ar- round the DMZ show Clap's influence. Giap planned the encirclement and capture of Dienbienphu from the French in May, 1964. [In an interview with the National Broadcasting Co., Westmoreland said today that North Vietnam's 325C Divi- sion, believed poised for a major assault on the Marine base at Khesanh Valley, has "been preparing the battle- field." ["By this, I mean building underground shelters, cave dugouts, positions for mortars and Perhaps even artillery, moving in supplies of ammuni- tion and rice," Westmoreland said, describing this as "a pre- liminary step to an offen- sive."] NEW YORK TIMES 244116uary 1968 P4 Soviet Seeks to Rule the Seas, U.S. Naval Chief in Europe Says By MARTIN ARNOLD 'I le, 1mvie1, I!nion is striving to heettine tho leading mari- time pticver in the world, the .firmander it Chief of the 1.1; ited Stales Naval Forces in Lurope at-,,crted last night. The commander, Achn. John S. McCain Jr., said that the Soviet effort "encompasses not only the military uses of the sea. bat al.-io those relating to world politics, economics, corn- rro tt11,1 lechnolog.y.' leoch prepared for the Edward R. World Affairs Forum 0-.,eiseas Press Club, Ad- miral ",.-leCain said that it was app.: rcnt that the Soviet Union was intere:ted in the economic utdectial of the seas, "includ- ing mirnim the. oceans' bottoms for raw material." The inergin,g of the various uses of the maritime might� militarily, econcinically and for propaganda�was the major theme of the admiral's speech and oi1 art ea:lier news con- feronce :it the club, potential that the space race has had." As for naval military power, the Soviet Union has about 350 submarines, 40 of them nuclear powered, he said. The figures coins as "a complete and un- welcome surprise to most peo- ple with whom I discuss the subject." he added. At the conference earlier, Ite said that the United States had 105 submarines, 30 of them nuclear powered. How- ever, the American ships are better constructed, maintained, equipped and manned, he said, The balance of naval power is also in America's favor be- cause the Soviet Union has no aircraft carriers, Admiral Mc- Cain said. He said that he did not be- lieve that recent Soviet naval activity in the Mediterranean "was a direct result of the Israel-Arab war," but rather of Spread of Soviet Presence long-range Soviet planning and "ambition." He said that he thought the Soviet Navy was "in the area,to stay." He did not know, he said, whether the Soviet Union would attempt to take over the naval base at Meru-el-Kebir, in Wes- tern Algeria, but he added that "it's a magnificent base." The French are expected to com- plete their withdrawal from th( base by the end of next month. There are about 30 Soviet vessels in the Mediterranean including about two to four submarines, he said. "This presence of naval pow- er gives the Arab nations z feeling that they are gettiru support in their problems," he said. He said in his speech that the political function of Soviet power scam to make the Soviet preser,ce felt throughout the world. "Modern Soviet trawl- ers, fer instance," he said, spreading each day more widely over the high seas, sym bonze for the rest of the world the progress that it is possible through Communism." ' �the Soviets now have oceanographic and hydrgrap- hie research vessels conduct- ins research in every ocean of the world." be added. "They have navy submarines studying our own coast. The race for mastery of the seas has not tardy these practical ramifica- tions, but also the propaganda, WASHINGTON POST 24 January 1968 P14 U.S. Renews Relations With Greek Regime Router. ATHENS, Greeee, Jan. 23� The United States tod ay resumed normal diplomatic relations with Greece. Obser- vers here forecast other NATO allies would soon fol- low suit. Ambassador Philips Talbot called on Greek Foreign Minister Panayotis Pipinelis and later told reporters they discussed world issues and "serious problems which do exist between the two coun- tries." It was the first official meeting between Talbot and a Greek Minister since Premier George Papadopoulos formed his government after an unsuccessful December counter-coup attempt by King Constantine. (In Washington, State De- partment spokesman Robert J. McCloskey told reporters that the United States still recognized Constantine as 5 chic( of state. [It was learned that U.S. officials made the King, now in self-imposed exile in Rome. "aware" of the intention to resume relations. There was no report on the King's at- titude. [McCloskey said the ques- tion of resuming a full pro- gram of military aid to Greece 'remains under review." After army officers seized power last April, Washington sus- pended the shipment of major military items.] There was no indication which country would be the next to restore formal diplo- matic contact. In London Monday, informed so urc es said Britain was likely to re. some full. contacts soon. The -United States never for- mally broke relations with the military regime but it inter- rupted official contacts. Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 BALTIMORE SUN 24 January 1968 P1 INDIA TO BUILD ATOM PLANTS WITHOUT AID By ADAM CLYMER ICJ., Della Butenu 01 Tile Sun) Tarapur, India, Jan. 23�India intends to build future nuclear power stations without foreign aid and thus avoid inspection requirements, a senior official said today. Monindra N. Chakravarti, ad- ministrator of the Tarapir atomic power project which is to go into operation late this year, said the next project to be started would be constructed without foreign assistance, with India dipping into its own tight foreign exchange reserves for necessary imports. That project, involving two 200-megawatt reactors at Kal- pakkam in Madras state, is only beginning, with civil engi- neering work undertaken but no financing budgeted. Second-Class Status Chakarvarti's statement came as New Delhi continued to re- fuse comment on the draft nu- clear non-proliferation treaty produced last week in Geneva by the United States and the Soviet Union. Indian spokesmen have complained in the past that the Soviet-American ap- proach to inspections relegates other nations to second-class status without promising effec- tive nuclear disarmament. According to a Reuters report from Bonn, Chancellor Kurt Georg Kiesinger said today the West German Government could not accept the United States- Soviet draft treaty. [Improvements introduced at Geneva were not sufficient, Keis- nger said, but West Germany hoped that an acceptable text could emerge from the present draft.) The pact is expected to be a major topic of conversation tot- er this week when Soviet Pre- mier Alexei N. Kosygin meets with Prime Minister Indira Gandhi in New Delhi. Kosygin is scheduled to arrive in New Delhi Thursday for a visit of five or six days. Chakravarti, an enthusiastic 64-year-old administrator, noted that inspection of this project, India's first, is to be conducted by the International Atomic Agency, although India has limited the nations from which inspectors may come. Second Project Under Way A second nuclear power pro- ject, under way with Canadian help in Rajasthan state and scheduled to go into operation by 1971, is also subject to an inspection agreement. That pact involves strictly Canadian sup- ervision. He said another reason for January 1968 P15 DISORDER TERMED KOREAN REDS' AIM Piccione Tee New York Times WASHINGTON, Jan. 23 � The North Korean Government has been calling on world Com- munists to create diversionary problems that would turn Unit- ed States energies away from the war effort in Vietnam. Figures made upublic by the State Department today in- dicated how this policy had been carried out by the regime in Pyongyang, the North Korean capital: In 1967, nearly 600 incidents of violence, assaults and terror were reported across the armis- tice line between North and South,Korea. The year before, when North Korea had not yet adopted the policy of di- versionary tactics, the number of incidents was 50. Inflitration into South Korea of armed agents by land and by sea has been causing mount- ing concern here. Measures to defend South Korea were understood to have been dis- cussed by President Johnson and President Chung Hee Park in Australia last month, at the time of memorial services for the late Prime Minister Harold Holt. United States analysts said North Korea had been striving to maintain a policy of "mili- tant neutralism" in the world Communist movement, siding neither with Peking nor with Moscow in its definition of policies that Communist parties should follow. This stance of ideological neutrality, adopted late in 1966, has been interpreted as an in. direct gain for the Kremlin in its campaign .to rally the Communist movement against Peking. Previously. the North Korean party been openly' al- lied with the Chinese Coot- Ni( TORS 111114 24 January 1968 P18 Last Ara and Israeli Prisoners Of War in June Are Exchanged By JAMES FERON Special tette New York Times QANTARA. the United Arab Republic, Jan_ 23�The last of the prisoners captured in the Arab-Israeli war returned home munists. When Mao Tae-tung's Cul- tural Revolution took hold ity China, the North Korean party was one of the earliest to de- nounce Peking's policy. Meanwhile, the Soviet leader- ship pursued a policy of court- ing North Korea, sending high- level trade and party delega- tions to Pyongyang. A trade . accord signed in Moscow in October last year provided for a "considerable increase" in Soviet assistance for the construction of fac- tories and industrial complexes in North Korea. On policy toward the United States, however, the North Ko- reans spoke far more militantly than the Russians, adopting the rhetoric of Cuba. A recent statement of this attitude was given by Premier Kim 11 Sung of North Korea Dec. 16: "All the Socialist countries and anti-imperialists forces of the whole world should form the broadest possible anti- American united from!, should thoroughly isolate United States imperialism and administer col- lective blows to it in all regions and on all fronts to which United States imperialism stretches its tentacles of ag- gression," he said. The emphasis on a "united front" in North Korea's policy separates that regime from the Chinese Communists, who scorn the notion of unity, but the militancy is far in excess of what the Soviet and Euro- pean Communist regimes pro- claim, in the view of United States analysts here. India's going it alone on the senior officials indicated a de- Kalpakkam project was to lay of a Couple of months was demonstrate its maturity in nit- likely. � � � . . clear technology. He predicted Work has been slowed by an that only a � fifth of the *cost investigation of fine, one-six- would go into items which must teenth-inch cracks . which have be bought abroad. developed :near- the: bottom of His leadership of the Tirapur the huge; 6-inch-thick -pressure project, about .60 miles north of shella Which house the two Bombay, reduced the foreign reactors. These � uneroalained exchange component of its costs cracks are similar to those .from an initial 67 per cent to whicl.. have developed In a about ,58 per cent But he con- reactor under construction near ceded .that this :figure; along Morristown, .N.J., but are be- with the 29 per cent he esti- Ileved to beless serious. mated for Kalpakkam, has ig- However; ' loading of the en- nored the element of foreign riche& uranium has�been de- exchange in some equipment taped, and even if Work were manufactured in India... � � resumed immediately it would chakravarti announced that be at least a month. tiefor, the these savings would also enable loading is possible. � � � him 'seen .to -advise the Milted Nevertheless,' the prompt States Agency for -International work on the project, . despite Development that he would not labor troubles and some equip; need 02,000,00. . or 13,000,000 of went seized by Pakistan during Its original -180,090,000 ken.. the .1965 wu, is generally aired- Some 85,000.CO0- Of- that has 41- ikett to. Chakravintil:efforte. Re ready been canceler:Fes:casts arranged customs and imports clearances and, through person- ' Re.said the 380-megawatt pro- at acquaintance � with may ject here on the Arabian Sea ranking civil servants, has tit would go Into - operation on vast: quantities of Indian red schedtde in October: )3ut other tane. 6 today in final exchange across the Suez Cans!. Two motor launches flying Red Cross flags shuttled across the stilled waterway to ex- change two Israeli�a pilot and a navy man�for465 Egyptians, including five generals. A total of 4.481 Egyptian prisoners captured in Sinai dur- ing the six-day was last June were returned, mostly in the past 10 days, for II Israelis. The last to cross this morn- ing, at his own request, was Maj. Gen. Sallah Yakut, the ranking Egyptian officer, who had been an artillery com- mander in Sinai. 'The prisoners were the last to be repatriated since the war. A total of 574 Jordanians were sent home within weeks of the end of the conflict�and 335 Syrians were returned shortly afterwards. Israel received, in addition to the It from the United Arab Republic, two pi- lots from Iran, one from Syria and one from Lebanon. Included in the exchange to- day was Abd el Hamid Moham- med Bassin, the Egyptian con- sul in Jordanian Jerusalem before the war. He was re- turned with his family. Mr. Hassin had spent the seven months in Atilt while his fam- ily remained in the Old City of Jerusalem. Israeli officials have main- tained silence on the reasons for the seven-month delay in exxchanging prisoners with the United Arab Republic, but the international committee of the Red Cross and Egyptian reports have said it was because of Israeli insistence on getting back political prisoners held in prison in Cairo. There was no information available on whether such non- military prisoners have been returned. The exchange today, the only one witnessed by newsmen, included only mili- tary prisoners and the Egyptian consul and his family. The deadlock was said to have been broken by Dr. Gun- nar V. Jarring last month as part of his efforts to help Is- rael and her Arab neighbors find a peace formula. On Jan. 1 Israel returned 500 Egyptian prisons and this was followed by an announcement that a complete exchange had been arranged. The rest of the Egyptian sol- diers were returned in seven days of exchanges beginning Jan. 12. CHICAGO TRIBUNE 24 January 1968 P6 China Identifies Yank It Sags It Shot Down HONG KONG, Jan. 23 (Reu- tersl�Raditi Canton today said an American, Robert Smith, utai captured after his plane Irma iftt down in Kwangtung c:VISEt last August. It said Saiitir was captured by farm- ers as lie tried to escape thru ahrebbeiry after parachuting from his plane. Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 CHICAGO TRIBUNE 24 JANUARY 1968 A DIRECT CHALLENGE FROM THE REDS Seizure early yesterday by North Korean communist patrol vessels covered by MIG fighters of a lightly armed United States intelligence ship in international waters is an act of piracy and. in ordinary times, would amount to an act of war. The U. S. S. Pueblo, carrying only two .50 caliber Machine guns. surrendered without firing and was escorted into the Red port of Wonsan. The United States says that the vessel, with a crew of 83, was 20 miles offshore. The communist account is that it was in North Korean waters, bent on provoca- tion. The Reds imply that it was on some mission related to the invasion of the South Korean capital of Seoul by 31 North Korean terrorists, disguised as South Korean civilians and soldiers. The group killed a Seoul police official and six civilians before it fled, leaving six infil- trators dead and one a prisoner: The prisoner said that the team hoped to kill President Chung Hee Park and some of his colleagues. No American vessel had been seized or the high seas for more than 100 years before the present incident. Two questions arise. The first is what the United States government intends to do about it and what forcible action it intends to take to regain the ship and its crew. Supposediy the usual, "stiff protest" is being formu- lated, and the good offices, if any, of the Soviet Union are being invoked, inasmuch as the United States has no diplomatic relations with communist North Korea. It is predictable that neither course will be fruitful. Then what? Given the spine- lessness of successive administrations since the days of President Truman in dealing with Korea, little, if any, effective action would seem in the making. The \hilted States will have suffered humilia- tkm at the hands of a country it could Squash like a bug. The second question is whether this out- imeous communist act portends a major goread of hostilities on the Asiatic main- land. The United States is deeply corn- Iiitted in Viet Nam, where half a million ground troops are in a protracted war with the North Vietnamese Communists. The provocation from North Korea comes at a time when our forces are stretched this. If North Korea and Red China are con- templating some kind of pincers operation which would require us to resume fighting in Korea while we are tied down in Viet Nam, the squeeze would be on us. The purpose of such an adventure would be to relieve pressure on North Viet Nam and the Viet Cong guerrillas. The gamble could be taken only on a communist assumption that our government's rec- ord of pusillanimity in dealing with the Korean Communists would guarantee an- other round of what Gen. Douglas MacArthur called 'the "stalemated attri- tion" of the Korean war of 1950-53. The indecisiveness of Washington 15 and more years ago is still catching up with on. and the ungainly chickens of that fainthearted policy are coming home to roost. We relied then, as our government hopes to do now with North Viet Nam, on the formula of "negotiations." White we were tied down at the conference table with the North Korean Reds, two-thirds of our total casualties in the Korean war were incurred. We settled at length for an "armistice" which has never produced a peace and has led to innumerable communist violations on almost every day since. Must we now be forced to learn all over what Mac- Arthur knew no well�that "there t. no substitute for victory"? He prophosied that "by meeting naked force with appeasement we would not only perpetrate tibITORIALS � WASHINGTON POST 24 JANUARY 1968 A Challenge to Candor . . . The naval kidnaping of the USS Pueblo by four North Korean torpedo boats is almost too bizarre to be believed. We know that it was engaged in so. phisticated electronic espionage, close to the North Korean coast, but in international waters, according to the United Stales account. But we don't know why it was unescorted, and under-armed, or why, even so, it did not even try to resist. Above all, we don't know why the North Koreans picked this moment for so provocative a piece of brigandage. Not knowing these things, the soundest course is probably not to leap to conclusions, especially when we also don't know what efforts are being niade to extricate the vessel and its 83-man crew. The Administration is entitled to a decent interval even when the outward evidence points to bungling on a major scale. That much said, the Administration must realize that public tolerance in this country for the unex- plained and the Inexplicable Is wearing thin, as is public patience with the growing evidence of a rising challenge to our security interests through- out the Asian world. A public which � was lied to over the U-2, confused, if nothing else, by the Tonkin Gulf, and misled, to say the least, in the affair of another intelligence ship attacked by the Israelis last year, cannot be satisfied or reassured by the same old cOverups. This is all the more imperative, given the impact this incident is likely to have on nerves already frayed and positions already hardening. Those who see this country as over-extended In Asia, and around the world, will find further argument for withdrawal and retrenchment from confrontation with communism. Those who see in our policies of limited war a humiliation and a senseless In- hibition will find further argument for a harder line and stiffer measures all across the board. Already there is evidence of these tendencies in reaction to the seizure of the Pueblo. While some Senators cried out against a virtual act of war, others claimed vindication of their view that we are over-extended in a world policeman's role. As Communist pressures continue to 'pile up in Vietnam along the highlands and across the Demili- tarized Zone, in neighboring Laos, and in Thai- land, a new Korean crisis can only operate to accen- tuate the extremes. It is important to keep our cool until we know more. But this makes it no less important that we be told more�and more that is believable�alout so bizarre and unbelievable an incident. NEW YORK TIMES 24 JANUARY 1968 The Pueblo Incident Remembering the Gulf of Tonkin, Americans would be wise to keep cool and not leap to conclusions�as some members of Congress have already done�about the North Korean capture of the American naval intelli- gence ship Pueblo yesterday. Whatever the facts may prove to be, the incident does present, as the White House has observed, "a very serious situation." Such a situation must not be dealt with in passion, for it could lead to a sharp and dangerous new escalation of the Asian war. If the ship was taken on the high seas, as American spokesmen assert, and not inside North Korean terri- torial waters, an act of piracy has been committed for which there must be prompt restitution. The State Department has moved expeditiously and properly to seek such restitution through diplomatic channels. The search for satisfaction by diplomatic means must be pursued to the limit. But if the American vessel did penetrate Northi Korean waters�as American ships were tardily acknowledged to have penetrated waters claimed by North Vietnam prior to the Tonkin incidents--the United States Government must bear at least a share of the responsibility for what has happened. The Con- gress and the public ought to be sure of their facts before they judge. In any case, somebody needs to explain to the American people why a lightly armed vessel, presuma- bly crammed with sensitive intelligence equipment, Was cruising unprotected in obviously hostile waters and, especially, why it was allowed to fall intact into hostile hands. WASHINGTON POST 24 JANUARY 1968 ... Against a Grim Background North Korea had been rumbling for months be- fore its seizure of the USS Pueblo yesterday. Just a day earlier, a band of its soldiers was intercepted in Seoul. bound, apparently, to assassinate South Korea's President. Through 1967, raids across the Demilitarized Zone increased- sharply and Pyong- yang began dispatching spy and guerrilla teams south to stir up trouble and test popular support. Behind this policy of provocation, it seems, is a marked shift left, an abandonment of North Korea's earlier willingness to hold the line and to count on time to ease American forces out of South Korea and create better prospects for "reunification." Perhaps North Korea was dismayed by economic progress in the South, or encouraged by political unrest there. Perhaps it figured to exploit Amer- ican preoccupation with Vietnam, or to help Hanoi by cooking up a diversion. These disparate factors CLEVELAND PLAIN DEALER 20 JANUARY 1968 (24) Defense Choke As the new secretary of defense, Clark M. Clifford will be following one of the toughest acts in defense history. Clifford has been named to succeed Robert S. Mc- Namara. In the Pentagon hot seat, Clifford will need all the political savvy and Washington expertise he has picked up in nearly 20 years as an adviser to presidents and liai- son man of sure-footed abilities. He is regarded as morc of a brain- trusting political strategist and philosopher than as a back-slapping political operator. A former Navy officer and an emissary of President Johnson to Asian nations, in- cluding Vietnam, Clifford should be able to establish quick rapport with his military associates. His long experience in politics should be helpful in his relationship with Congress. An important credential is that he is MeNamara's choice as his successor. When confirmed, he will face the greatest chal- lenge of his 'career and his success is of vi- tal importance to the nation, military disaster in Korea but would en- able communism to make its bid for tient of Asia." Events have proved that he could not have been more right. 1-E have a common direction: toward heating up Korea again. Aspects of American policy, meanwhile, have had an opposite meaning. By depleting its two di. visions in Korea for the sake of Vietnam, and by moving to harden defenses at Korea's DMZ, Wash- ington has signalled an intention to keep Korea cool. But North Korea has Publicly ignored the first signal and distorted the second. It has �de- nounced the United States for allegedly sponsoring espionage and subversion in the North, and sounded ever shriller warnings of an imminent American invasion. Whether the North Koreans have misread our signs or swallowed their own propaganda, they ob- viously are in d tough, expectant frame of mind. And if evidence is lacking of an intent to again in- vade the South, there can be little doubt that North Korea is ready to accept the risk of another war. In Its own words, repeated through the winter, "danger of a new war breaking out at any time in Korea is growing as the days go by." Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 NEW YORK TIMES .24 ..JANUARY The Road to De;escala Hanoi's harsh public response to President Johnson's stand on *peace talks does nothing to advance hope for a negotiated settlement-Aff,the Vietnam war. Judging by what ti-sr.fie'en. said publicly on both sides, rejection by North Vietnam of Washington's latest approach was predictable. In the President's San Antonio speech lastSeptember and in other-official . statements the Administration had..appeared to offer an unconditional bombircg.liitlt in return only for assur- ances that such a move would lead 'promptly to pro- ductive discussions." But then Mi. Johnson appeared to tighten his terms in-the State of. the Union address when he insisted the otlier side "must not take advan- tage of our restraint as theihave in the past," adding: "This nation simply cannot accept anything less with- nit jeopardizing the lives of our Men and our allies." There have been indications, however, that in private contacts with Hanoi, Washington's' position may not have been .so inflexible as it has, appeared in public. It has been reported in The Times Of London that the President privately is no longer insisting on some form .of de-escalation by North Vietnam, The British news- paper's Washington correspondent says that the phrase "not take advantage" of a .bombing halt does not require the North Vietnamese to reduce their military infiltration but only that they not increase the level of men and supplies flowing into the South. In return, the United States reportedly has indicated a willing- ness not to send reinforcements of its own to South Vietnam. � if this report truly reflects the American position as it has been conveyed by secret emissaries to North Vietnam, Hanoi's intransigent response supports the theory that the North Vietnamese are not really inter- ested in peace talks at this time but are deliberately stalling until after the Presidential election in the United States�which would be a very foolish thing for them to do. Considering the record safar, there is something to be said for the recent charge by the Secretary General of the United Nations that both sides have been guilty . of "simplistic" demands in their approach to negotia- tions. Mr. Thant repeated his long-standing plea that the United States, as the overwhelmingly superior power, take an essential first step by halting the bomb. ing unconditionally. By such forthright action could the Johnson Administration dispel worldwide doubt: about its aims and put Communist intentions to the test. WALL STREET JOURNAL 24 JANUARY 1968 Republicans charged that the Johnson Ad. ministration has prolonged the Vietnam war by vacillation and lacks imagination to solve prob. lows of housing and jobs at home. The accusa- tions came from eight Senators-and nine Con- gressmen in an hour-long reply on CBS to Pres- ident Johnson's State of the Union Message. Former President Eisenhower, introducing the speakers, said new directions "are required to preserve and strengthen our tree system.' WASHINGTON STAR 23 JANUARY 1968 (24) Hanoi's Answer The President, In his State of the Union address Wednesday night, took a somewhat harder line in � discussing peace talks in Vietnam. He gave this version of the San Antonio formula, stated last September: (1) The bombing would stop If talks would take place promptly and with reasonable hopes they would be productive. (2) And the other side "must not" take advantage of our restraint as they have in the past. .. What the President said Wednesday ,night, however, was not quite the same thing he said in San Antonio last Sep- tember � and this remains true despite adrainistration contentions to the con- trary. The second point set forth in San Antonio was that "we would assume" that Hanoi would not take advantage of the bombing halt. There obviously is a difference between that and saying that Hanoi 'must not" take such ad- vantage. Senator Robert Kennedy evidently thinks so. for he said, after the Presi- dent's speech: "We have said publicly that we want negotiations but when we set the conditions we are asking for un- conditional surrender." This, of course, Is" wild exaggeration if it was a refer- ence to the tic) presidential soeeches. For, while there was a difference be- tween what Mr. Johnson said in Septem- ber and what he said in January; neith- er of these speeches, nor any other statement of his, can fairly be classed as a call for unconditional surrender. The latest word from Hanoi, how- ever, seems to make any debate over what the President said or did not say largely academic. An article in Nhan Dan, the official North Vietnamese newspaper, elected to treat the Wednes- day night statement as a reiteration of the San Antonio formula. Even so, the State of the Union comment was reject- ed out of hand is an "habitual trick" loaded with "insolent conditions." So why should anyone hope for meaningful negotiations, despite the December 29 statement that there "will" be talks if the bombing and all.other acts of war against North Vietnam are halted? Incidentally, a very strange footnote was appended to the Nhan Dan article. It said that 365,000 allied troops had been "Wiped out" in 1967. Hanoi certain- ly knows that this Is untrue. So why publish the statement? Is morale in North Vietnam so bad that it has to be reinforced by invention of the .Most ex- travagant sort? � NEW YORK NEWS 24 JANUARY 1968 LET'S JUST FORGET TET Tel is Vietnamese for the lunar New Year's Day, Tan. 30�which both sides in the Vietnam war have planned to celebrate with a 48-hour ceasmfire. Our side rut it to 36 hours a day or two ago. We'd like to ask, though: Why any .Tet cease-fire at all? An estimated 40,000 Red .North Vietnamese troops are in South Vietnam's two northern provinces and the Demili- tarized Zone. Gen. William G. Westmoreland, in a TV in- terview shown Monday night, said Why Have Any he believes this foreshadows a big Cease-Fire? Red offensive. North Vietnam boss Ho Chi Minh, explained the U.S. fielcicommander, could use a fat propaganda victory just now, and such an offensive might get it for him. Why not, then; junk any plans for a cease- fire at Tet time? Of course, this hardboiled realism on our part would displease such doves as Sens. Bobby Kennedy and Willie Fulbright. But when American' fighting men's lives are involved, it seems wise to give little if any weight to the views of the doves. Defeatism seldom conserves lives. 2-E DEW YORK NEWS 24 JAN 1968 KANSAS CITY STAR 19 JAN. (24) WATCHING AND WAITING � ON VIETNAM' TIIE administration has not :yet.cheeked out all the angles of Hanoi' recent peace hints. We must assume, therefore, the' the passibility of a major and affirmative Ashen- rod reaclion still exists. It is not beyond question that this reaction might come in connectmn with the, January so obtervance of Tet?:fhe lunar nrw rear. � Late last year the South Vietnamese govern- ment announced it plans to observe a .1a-hour cease-fire Miring Tel. In spitraf the viol's' shat. tcying of the January ; cea,eflre hy..the.,Cninnwi- nists: we have heard sire definite'Plans to rat' off the Tel moratorium. Thu.. ,sc'wouid assume that in the next in days or so, the fines of com- munication with Hanoi�such as they are�will be -busy with communications of continued ex- ploration. Mr. Johnson said as much in his state-of-the- Union message the other night. He said also that he would report as soon at possible on the results if his explorations. It is imperative that be do on, whatever the results. For the purpose of healing the differences inside our nation and of convinc- ing its critics abroad, the U. S. cannot repeat-ton molly times its hasic approa, ho Vietnam. mr. Johnson said it again Wednesday night and in unmistakable terms: "Our coal is peace�and peace at the earliest possible moment." In. the same tones he emphasized�and Ibis, too, was necessary�that the L. S. is resolute and that aggression will not prevail. The point is by no means incompatible with the statement of our goal: Peace. INDEED, once his exploration -is concluded, .i. once he is ready to report to the petilt:e., Mr. Johnson may have�if he chooses to take it�the opportunity to demonstrate once more that the Iwo courses�the search for peace. the persever- ance in war�are nnt incompatible. In so doing, he. could lake the initiative in a convincing American effort Inc bring the conflict to ad hon. ofahle conelusinn. It will not tat ...Sy Is niasc thc decision. There is, moreover. a na�ural pitfall ahead: If Wash. agton expects overly explicit answers to its luestions, it may be disappointed and it may dr. tide that the risk of a bombing pause�beyond he cease-fire of Tet�is Inn great. If it recognizes hat in a complex and uneasy situation between earring nations, explicitness is not always pass]. lie in advance, it may decide that the risk should be taken. The Star is among those who have suggested, in view of the recent statements finm Hanoi by way of Paris, that such a risk may be necessary. Chi the very night of the President's report to the naiion, there mat a further attempt at clarifica- tion of the North Vietnamese pnsitinn. And it seems to us that in a limited sense. Sir. John- son's remarks further clarified the American po- sition. -That being the case, the chess game continues, and the administration needs and properly is taking tirne to plan its next move. The der:sion, once made. could he the first step lowarrl that "really true cease-fire" to which the President referred. Or it could erase the faint edge ol hope that has appeared in recent days and plunge a troubled nation back into the reality of this frightening but necessary war. And Lyndon Johnson's ultimate report on the matter�prom- ised Wednesday night�may. be the most impor- tant of his hectic years in office. EFFECTS OF A NON-VICTORY The Korean Wan paused some year ago, with Korea still divided between the Red north and the civilized south, and a lot of U.S. troops tied down in the south to deter another invasion from the north. Korean Now, northern Reds have sneaked Into Seoul, South Korea's capital, intent on mur- Flareup dering President Park Chung Lee (though they didn't succeed); and a U.S. patrol boat has been grabbed by North Korean patrol vessels in the Sea of Japan. Secretary of State Dean Rusk calls the latter incident "a matter of utmost gravity," while Sen. Richard B. Russell (D-Ga.) says it amounted to an act of war. Thus festers the, open sore from which we suffer in Korea, where we neglected to win a war we could have won. Do we want to contract another suet' Asian sore by neglecting to win the Vietnam war? Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 vi.Louis POST-DISPATCH 20 JAN (2141111 WARHINGTON NEW5 23 JAIOY 1968 (24) Vietnamese Scandal Alyem York Times dispatch from Saigon gives some significant and little-knrovn facts about education in Vietnam, a subject that undoubtedly is downgraded in the face of more sensational events. But of all South Vietnam's unsolved social problems, none is likely to have more serious consequences than the failure of the South Vietnamese to educate their own people. This is the view of many informed Viet- namese and Americans, and needless to say it does not conform to the rosy official line. It is believed that the children of the rural and urban poor, possibly 90 per cent of the population, now have less chance than ever before, of getting an adequate education�and there is nothing a Vietnamese parent wants snore for his children than education. One can easily excuse this scandalous state of affairs by saying that education is one of the casualties of war. But is it? In the insecure countryside the Viet Cong guerrillas are earn- ing the gratitude of the peasants by making a serious effort to teach children to read and write. And are they at the -same time indoc- trinating them in the principles of the class struggle? Of course, and in the long run it will pay the Viet Gong well. It may be conceded that the Saigon regime has its problems. Teachers have been mur- dered or frightened away by the guerrillas. But even in secure areas not enough is done. It is said there are no classrooms for 70,000 elementary school pupils in Saigon itself. Only about half of Vietnamese children are even . enrolled in the first grade, and of these only about a third complete the first three grades: one in 200 completes the equivalent of high school. The truth appears to be that the Saigon re- gime does not really want to improve the situa- tion. The rich do not pay their taxes so there is little money for education. The regime con- tinues to conscript teachers on the plea of manpower needs, while tens of thousands of young men whose .parents are well-to-do con- tinue to evade the draft. Replacement teachers are in many cases inadequately trained women. The United States is spending 20 million dollars annually to help�building classrooms that in 10 per cent of the cases remain empty because there are no teachers and printing textbooks that pile up in warehouses. The penalty of this shocking situation will come in the next few years, when the battered Vietnamese people try to pull themselves to- gether. Will the Communists emerge as the educated and hence the ruling class? This may be the reward of their foresightedness, and the penalty of Saigon's venality. Missing Megatonage SoME of our bombs are missing. This tinie maybe four, maybe more, apparently are beneath the frigid wa- ters of North Star Bay near the Thule Base in Greenland. They disappeared when the B-52 bomber that was car- rying them cracked up. The Defense Department again an- nuances that the frightfully powerful hydrogen bombs were unarmed -so there is no danger of a nuclear explo- sion at the crash site." We heard approximately the same thing when another bomber accident off Spain dumped one of these mass killers into the sea. Then the Pentagon couldn't do enough quickly enough to find and salvage it � maybe from the Russians. That accident off Spain cost millions of dollars in salvage expense, and in damages of farmers in the area. It is fervently to be hoped that in the new case there actually is no danger from this threatening megatonage un- der the sea. - As long as our bombers, carrying hy- drogen weapons, must continue to pa- trol the skies as part of our defense again.d sneak attack, such accidents as those off Spain and over Greenland can be expected. That's'.a price we pay for our national security.. Aral yet, as we pay the pride and take the risk, can anyone help but pray for the day then nuclear weapons every- where shall be prohibited and peace, without patrolling bombers, reigns on this earth? SAN DIEGO UNION 17 JANUARY 1968 (24) Feeling the Draft � The most encouraging news to come from the attorney genevaPs office in recent weeks is the intelligence that prosecutions of persono. who violate .Selective Service laws is 011 the in- crease. There were n42 convictions for viola- lions of draft laws last year, an in- crease of 78 per cent over De. The number of convictions still is a, far cry from the total needed to solve the growing problem. But it may be the harbinger of a welcome trend. It is. high time that persons who deliberately seek to evade their paint. �otic responsibilitlts feel the strongest draft the full force of law can invoke WASHINGTON NEWS 23 JANUARY 1968 (24) Blowing It in Cambodia WASHINGTON STAR 23 JANUARY 1968 ( 24) Toward Nuclear Sanity A SCANT two weeks ago Prince Si- hanouk and U.S. envoy Chester Bowles solemnly pledged to. renew efforts to keep the flames of scar out of Cambo- dia. Mr. Bowles said the U.S. had "no desire or intention- to violate Cambodian territory and would "do ev- erything possible" to avoid intrusions. Sihanouk said he would prevent "all" violations, privately translated as com- munist violations. Then the backsliding began. Because Russia growled at him, Sihanouk back- tracked on his pledge to seek the strenghtening of the International Con- trol Commission that is charged with spotting incursions. And Sihanouk's propaganda apparatus resumed hailing Cambodia's support to "the Vietnamese people's struggle against C.S. imperial- ism." Meanwhile, U.S. Assistant Secretary of State William P. Bundy was interp- reting the "agreement" as permitting -the right of self-defense," which by any other name would be "hot pursuit" of communist forces by American troops over the border. "If the other side creates a situation where our self-defense arises... said Mr. Bundy, "we will have to weigh the situ- ation'very carefully." Sure enough, last Thursday a mixed U.S.-South Vietnamese force, engaged in a firefight, crossed inicTCambodia territory. Three Cambodians were re- ported killed, plus two Americans and four Vietnarnese. Within two weeks the "reciprocal res- pect, comprehension and good faith" the Sihanouk-Bowles c o m in it purred about has been blown sky high. Point One, it seems to us. is that if the Viet Cong and North Vietnamese Army were not using Cambodian territory as a rear area and sanctuary there would be no need to talk about hot pursuit or self-defense. Sihanouk's one-sided "neu- trality" makes the situation worse. Point Two is that Thursday's bloody incident undermines any' confidence in the Johnson Administration's word that it would like to see a political settle- ment of the Cambodian border problem and that it seeks no wider battlefield. Of the 12,600 hamlets in South Vietnam, 3989 are regarded as Viet Cong- 3-E The Soviet Union and the United States, in an extraordinary example of diplomatic bargaining, have finally filled in the blank to complete a draft treaty designed to halt the further spread of nuclear weapons. It took seven years of hard, and at times discouraging. negotiating, but in the final accounting, both sides realized that ideological dif- ferences were secondary to the lighten- ing of the shadow of nuclear terror. � The first draft of the treaty was presented to the 17-nation disarmament conference in Geneva last August 28 in a form essentially the same as now � with one major exception. At that time Article III, the section dealing with in- ternational controls, was left blank. And until the wording of that key provision could be agreed upon, all the high Sounding phrases of the treaty were vir- tually meaningless. Now, despite the dangerously divisive Issue of Vietnam, the two powers have agreed on the key section and have named the International Atomic Energy Agency as the body with over-all control over safeguards. In addition, changes have been made in the wording of the treaty designed to meet objections raised by such non-nuclear powers as Sweden, West Germany, Italy, Israel, Egypt, Japan and India. But with the completion of Article III, even assuming that the major reser- vations of the nuclear have-nots have been met, the treaty still cannot fulfill the yearnings of mankind for freedom from the fear of nuclear devastation. So Icing as two of the world's five atomic powers�France and Mainland China� refuse to join the pact, the shadow will remain. President Johnson has hailed the new draft as "a landmark In the effort of mankind to avoid nuclear disaster." And so it Is; a landmark, not the achievement of a goal. The only true safeguard against the madness of nu- clear war remains the ultimate sanity of the leaders whose fingers rest on the triggers of annihinition dominated. Why not attend to that busi- ness and stay out of Cambodia? To crank up the IC(' was regarded as a long-shot hope anyway, taking several months at best. It is touch and go. in- volving Britain and Russia, as Geneva Conference co-chairmen, and India, Po- land and Canada as ICC members. With the latest blowup on the border, the odds just went UP. Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 Approved for Release: 2018108122C06638269 BALTIMORE SUN-211. JANUARY 1968. HeanwItile- . �. orcourse Vietnam. And Mitinwhile; in Korea- and off the coast' of Korea, two incidents, fol- lowing.-on a series of --lesser inci- dent's .in recent weeks, suggest a new upsurge of Communist pushi- ness in that part of Southeast Asia. A terrdi grdOp �sell-identified, in a bizarrely-detailed statenmet by one of its captured members, as a mis- sion to assassinate South � Korean President Chung- Lee Park, just . fails of its purpose. And a United -States-ship-described by Secretary Husk' as "a small United States naval- vessel' and by Korth.Karea as a t'spy boat'' is seized off the Korth Karean�mainland. Whether these: occurrences are coordinated in any way within a- general policy of terrorism and: provocation, na one can say. Nor is it possible to guess the extent, if- any, to. which they fit into a gen- eral Southeast-- Asian pattern- of Communist strategy. The one thing sure is' that' they serve as a sharp reminder that Vietnam is not the only place that has to be- watched. in Asia and elsewhere, and-not the only region where 'a deeper Ameri- . van. involvement might suddenly be required, CHICAGO TRIBUNE 21t JANUARY 1968 THE REVOLUTIONARIES AT HARVARD. .� Our guest editorial today is an excerpt from the annual report of President Nathan Pusey of Harvard university, He discusses his difficulties with student revo- lutionaries and says that bringing them back to reality presents "a new kind of challenge" to educators. Harvard has been no tolerant of revolu- tionaries in recent years that President Pasty's criticism of them comes as a surprise. It is also surprising to find him describing the problem as a new one. Thomas Jefferson dealt with it in a letter to his grandson, warning him against dis- putes with students. Jefferson advised his grandson to keep aloof from them "as you would froes. the infected subjects of yellow fever or pesti- lence. Consider yourself, when with them, as among the patients of Bedlam, needing medical care more than moral eounsel. Be a listener only, keeping within yourself the habit of silence, especially on politics . . . no good can ever result from any attempts to set one of these fiery zealots to rights, either in fact or principle. They are determined as to the facts they wilt. believe, and the opinions on which -they win :set. Oct by them, therefore, as you would by an angry bull: it is not for a .m.0 of sense to dispute the road with 'such an animal." We are indebted to the Washington Post editorial page for resurrecting this Jeffers sonian wisdom and are glad to pass it on to President Pusey. Maybe it will help- his admissions officers to screen out some of-the crackbrained types. CHICAGO TRIBUNE. 24 JANUARY 1968' Guest Editorial T11E;SEyOLUTIONARIES- AT NARVANII President Nathan Pusey ! of Harvard :university. ..Lin :his . annual report, recalled "the. an. precedented� intemperate stu. dont behavior" �in 191i1i. when Darvard students blneked the, car of Secretary Of � Defense MeNainara.��.'a n cl "something very like a slate of siege" in I1tt7. when students' prevented a Dow 'Chemical von- any �re. cruiser 'from leaving the office. where he was interviewing. Mr. Plisey's report .continues: "I wish I might assure you, we have now left .this kind of. difficulty behind, but. it may' Well be sve have nat. Perhaps� .the most objectionable feature of such disturbances. is the 'sheer wastage of time they 'oc- casion with inv ascertainable, offsetting edueational.ar other. kind -a benefit' nuts., beyond' that. I find it 'Painful: t'o.accept In , Harvard. Men' either' such. 'behavior or the. reasons., now being given by some of their' contemporaries .in Justification of It:"' � "lam not speaking' here of students who are 'sincerely con. veined about ,the war or mho choose on participate in orderly protests for whatever reason, but rather only of a small.; group of overeager young in evidence on many campuses in recent years who feel they, have a special calling to re- deem society.. "One gets a picture of this. kind from the publications CLEVELAND PLAIN DEALER 18 JANUARY 1968 ( 210 Air the Skipper's Transfer There is" enough confusion surrounding. the. transfer of Capt. Richard G. Alexander from cornthand of the battleship New Jersey to- was-rant a public hearing by* the house' Armed Serviceg Committee. Alexander is the man who fised a strong statement of dissent against re- -moire' of Lt: Cmcir, Marcus A. Arnheiter ea COmmander of the destroyer' Vance, The rembval was ordered by a board of four 'achnirals. Alexander differed with their deck-ion. � By strange coincidence, it was an- nouneed shortly after that Alexander, who liadf been designated tio be skipper of the New Jergey when it is removed from the Mothball fleet, instead Would. be assigned Vs' desk job irc Boston. � When a�Wave of criticism of. the Navy's poor judgment broke, Navy Secretary Paul R. Ignatius announced that Capt. Alexan- der hid. asked- for the transfer. � ' Since Competent Navy men do not pre- fer desk jobs' to sea duty, -the public's in- ference is that Alexander's loyalty has prompted him to get the Navy off the hook' by permitting his superiors to quote hint as asking for the transfer. Rep. Joseph -Y. Resnick, D-N.Y., is inking � those contending that Alexander Was forced to request reassignment be- cause had offended the admirals. Res- nick is pressing for the House hearing. If Aleitander is not being punished for expressing his view ,of the. Arnheiter case, the Navy has nothing to fear from an open 'hearing. It should be pleased to have the public's curiosity about both ellen satis- fied. � � As of now, -the general belief is that the Navy infringed on Alexander's' rights- and then Compounded the infringeMent�by BALTIMORE SUN 24 Diplomacy, One Kind Since King Constantine's absence from Athens seems likely to have an indefinite duration, the United States has resumed "normal diplo matic contacts" with the effective Government of Greece. Such language is evoked by the circum- stance that relations had never been actually broken: on the.argu- ment that its ambassador was- ac- credited to' the chief of state, meaning Constantine, the United States could refrain from a formal rupture of relations and still not signify approval of the junta that seized power in last April's coup. That's the way diplomacy works, up to a point. � In the decision now to recognize the junta, for that is what it amounts to, we see diplomacy working in another and less subtle way. The view that' diplomatic recognition need not ,irnply ap- JANUARY 1968 ,they-'Pas about. ernOrit them selves - on" various campuses For thets ,icameos Mich as the: onn. we' reeently experienced � are seen as st many battles in -a great .revcilu tionary ivar, they hope and fondly* imagine' is already Aak ins 'shunt', Their argument. start wifh � the as!iurnptibo which-they invariably tail Diet :analysis,' I hat "v. estern ' ..o niety, and- especially -American, society, is rottun thru,and Ora -and that, 'this -beine..so.-: ail a sensible. person ' can ..do � it -to wish for and- to. do- whatever- he can to hasten: its demise.- - "Moving on in their 'analy-� they 'see, oar-- universities, as having been taken over by the business and . military es. tablishrde.nts �stack. -.and barrel. In their eyes 'these in-. stitutions ' have, as a' cense... queace,,forfelted their right to respect and-what � they 'call. legitimacy., and have .there- fore becoMe�� fair game: They should be brought low- br lence or � by . any.' 'effective, means; the sooner the: better. � -For, they say. 'our universi� ties � are now devoted to -the � present and future, oppression and domination of the people of the world � both in Viet Nam and in our urban. ghettos.' "Obviously they live- in a, world of fantasy. But let me. quote a little more: 'The social, 'order we are rebelling against [that is, ours in the United' States] Is totalitarian. manipu� lative.i. repressive. and aisti- � democratic.' One of them asks, for example. ''Who among. Os today would argue that Ameri- ca is ass an' imperialist power?' And they go on to say that .'within ' this order of domina, tion, to respect.' and operate within the realm of bourgeois civil liberties is to remain en- slaved." "Such is the kind of bet:lg. proval of a regime is permitted to prevail. It is permitted to prevail in this case because its Washing- ton's opinion our own interests"are served by having it prevail. . No one can observe with pleasure' the character of the Athens junta, or appiaud the manner in which the junta suppresses ordinary dem- ocratic freedoms, including those of speech and press. No, indeed. But the situation is.awfully �com- plicated. Greece is .a member of NATO (as is also Turkey, which recognized the junta last Saturday). More than that. Greece is one of the keys to the waters of the east- ern Mediterranean, where Russia is busily engaged in trying to estab- lish itself as a power. And on we find ourselves in alli- ance with yet one more regime We would really in our hearts pre- fer net to sit down. to dinner with, persuading a competent skipper to say that he had asked transfer from. i battle- ship command to a desk job. � ' ' Resnick says this is a "barefaced fairy tale." The Navy. says it Is not. Only an airing will determine which is right. The House committee should get moving. crest nonsense with which. many college faculties and, deans are now confronted thru. some few students in' many. places ..who apparently have convinced themselves that, while 'making' such statements,, they are � seeing the world :whole and speaking truth. Safe- :within the 'sanctuary of an or- dered -society. dreaming 'of glory � Walter Mittys of the left l'or are 'they left?!, theY play at being revotutionarici and, fancy themselves rising to positions of command atop the debris as the structures of so- ciety come crashing down. Bringing 'students of. this per- suasion back to reality-presents, a new kind of challenge to education, to faculty certainly, but especially, and with painful Immediacy, perhaps, to dean." WALL STREET JOURNAL 24 JANUARY 1968 The LLB. boycott of the Greek regime was ended with the "resumption of normal diplo- matic contacts." The decision, in abeyance since the military Junta crushed King Constan- tine's December countercoup. was conveyed to the Greek government in Athena by U.S. Arn- baeaador Phillips Talbot. The U.S., following Turkey, became the amend NATO nation to give de facto recogniUon to the colonels run- ning Greece, also an alliance member. � Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 � � FEATURES COLUMNISTS NEW YORK TIMES, 24 January 1968 Perplexing Questions Congressmen and the Pentagon Ask Why Ship Was Seized Without Fight By WILLIAM BEECHER s.ni.i to Tile New Sark ranee WASHINGTON, Jan. 23�The' enough to delay the harassers capture of an American in-. long enough for a decision to telligence-gathering ship, as- be made to send help and for sertedly on the high seas, by that help to arrive? An official North Korean patrol boats gave Pentagon statement said the rise today to a number of em- ship, the Pueblo, had radioed barrassing questions both in back that she "had not used Congress and the Pentagon. any weapons." Why were Jet fighters not .The Pueblo is believed to rushed to the scene to protect have carried only two 50- the outgunned �caliber machine guns and small vessel? There were arms, but it has long been a News at least a dozen .basic tenet among Navy of- Analysis Air Force F-4 and ficers not to surrender an F-105 fighter- armed vessel without a fight. bombers on hand, The Pentagon had to reach in South Korea, 54 Air Force; back to the War of 1812 to re- fighters in Japan and scores of member the last time a Navy Navy fighters aboard the nu- skipper had give up his ship clear aircraft carrier Enter- without a fight The ship was prise, which was steaming the Chesapeake. The skipper from Japan toward Vietnam. was subsequently court-: Why did the captain not try I martialed. to immobilize or even scuttle ; the ship rather than perimt her Four Reported Wounded I seizure? Navy officers said that There was one report thatI; if the ship's rudder had been four crewmen�out of a ship's. Jammed and her anchor .complement of six officers, 75: dropped, she would have been .enlisted men and two civilians, hard to tow the 25 miles from �had been wounded in thei the scene of the encounter to incident, but it was Unclear the North Korean port of Won- whether they had been injured san. The ship could have been in forcibly blocking a boarding sunk with the explosives be- party or during the destruction lieved to have been on board. of some of the electronic in- Why did the shi papparently telligence equipment aboard, offer no resistance, at least Was the Pueblo being oper- ated by the Navy for the super- secret N,ltional Security agency or for itself? The Pentagon would say officially only that the vessel was an "intelligence. collection auxiliary ship." Authoritative sources insisted that unlike the Liberty, which was attacked by Israeli PT boats and aircraft off the Sinai Penin- sula during the Middle Eastern war last June, the Pueblo was not directly associated with Na-; tional Security Agency and was involved in naval intelligence work under the direct command of Pacific Fleet headquarters in Honolul. There are said to be a "hand- ful" of similar electronic intelli- gence ships that are operated for the Navy and a handful of other ships, such as the Lib- erty, operated by the Navy for National Security Agency. Russians Keep Watch, Too The Russians keep at least seven or eight similar electronic intelligence ships on station at any given time al over the world. They maintain a con- stant vigil in international waters of Holy Loch, Scotland; Rota, Spain, and Guam in the Pacific, where United States submarines equipped with Po- laris missiles are based. They also stay close to the, United States Sixth Fleet in the Mediterranean and the Seventh :Fleet in the Pacific, trying to lintercept operational orders, to :determine the radio and radar ifrequencies most commonly Iused, and to btain other intelli-, ,gence data. I Lack of Escort Questioned I Why did the Pueblo not carry :heavier weapons or, lacking a capability for effective- self- defense, why was a destroyer escort not maintained in the vicinity? Pentagon sources said that since such vessels operated:. only in international waters, it: had been assumed they would inot be attacked. As for a war- 'ship escort, the Navy is sorely. ;pressed to maintain required 'destroyers off Vietnam and in the other major fleets patrol- ling the world's oceans, the sources remarked, without the added requirement of providing an escort for electronic intelli- gence vessels. There were some hints last night that the Pueblo may have belatedly requested help when she was about to be seized, but no explanation for why that help did not come. It was noted out by some Pentagon sources that American aircraft would have been within their :rights to strafe and bomb the North Korean vessels, at least while they remained in interna- tional waters, once they had seized the Pueblo. Defense Department planners suggest some of these and re- lated questions may not be satisfactorily answered until a full-scale investigation has been held. A high-level inquiry is almost inevitable. "With the Liberty and the Pueblo we've now experienced two unprovoked attacks in seven months," one angry Pen- tagon officer said. "Maybe now, instead of using practi- cally defenseless merchant-type ships, we'll mount the special equipment aboard old destroyer picket ships that could at least defend themselves." NEW YORK TIMES, 24 January 1968 U.S. and North Korean Statements on Ship Seizure Special 10 Ylie New York Time, WASHINGTON, Jan. 23�Fol- lowing are the text of a state- ment issued by the Defense De- partment today and the tran- script of a Pyongyang radio broadcast on the seizure Of an American ship by North Korea: Pentagon Statement The U.S.S. Pueblo, a Navy intelligence collection auxili- ary ship, was surrounded by North Korean patrol boats and boarded by an armed party in international waters in the Sea of Japan shortly after midnight E.S.T. last night. The U.S. Government act- ed immediately to establish contact with North Korea through the Soviet Union. When the Pueblo was board- ed, its reported Position was approximately 25 miles from mainland of North Korea. The ship reported the board- ing took place at 127 degrees 54.3 minutes east longitude, 39 degrees 25 minutes north .latitude. The time was 11:45 P.M. E.S.T. The ship's complement con- sists of 83, including 6 offi- cers and 75 enlisted men and 2 civilians. At approximately 10 P.M. E.S.T., a North Korean 'patrol boat approached the Pueblo. Using international signals, it requested the Pueblo's nation- ality. The Pueblo identified Itself as a U.S. ship. Continu- ing to use flag signals, the patrol boat said, "Heave to or I will open fire on you." The Pueblo replied, "I am in international waters." The patrol boat circled the Pueblo. Approximately one hour later, three additional patrol craft appeared. One of them ordered; "Follow in my wake. I have a pilot aboard." The four ships closed in on the Pueblo, taking different positions on her bow, beam and quarter. Two MIG air- craft were also sighted by the Pueblo circling off the starboard bow. The patrol craft began backing toward the bow of the Pueblo with fenders rigged. An armed boarding party was standing on the how. � The Pueblo radioed at 11:45 P.M. that she was being boarded by North Koreans, At 12:20 AM. E.S.T. today, the Pueblo reported that she had been requested to follow the North Korean ships into Wonsan and that she had not used any weapons. The final message from the the east and west coasts. Pueblo was sent at 12:32 A.M. It reported that it bad come to "all stop" and that it was "going off the air." The Pueblo is designated the AGER-2. It is a modified auxiliary light cargo ship (AKL). The, Pueblo is 179 feet long and 33 feet wide with a displacement of 906 tons. It has a 10.2-foot draft. Its maximum speed is 12.2 knots. Pycngyang Broadcast Today naval vessels of our people's army captured an armed spy boat of the U. S. imperialist aggressor force that intruded way into the territorial waters of the re- public and was carrying out hostile activities.. . The U. S. imperialists and the Park Chung Hee puppet clique of traitors, extremely dismayed and upset by activ- ities of armed guerillas, which have been rapidly stepped up recently, have proclaimed a so-called "emergency mo- bilization order" throughout South Korea and are tyran- ically suppressing the people by mobilizing hundreds of thousands of puppet military and police troops, while fren- ziedly intensifying provoca- tive machinations along the military demarcation line and 1.-F The U.S. imperialists' ag- gressor force�beginning to go wild at the moment the fierce surprise attack was launched at the heart of Seoul, which left the US, im- perialists and the Park Chung Hee puppet clique of traitors rounds 'of small arms and .artillery fire into our area last night, while on the sea they sent an armed spy ves- sel of the U.S. forces to in- trude into the waters off Wonsan and perpetrate seri- ous provocation.' What a brazen-faced, des- perate deathbed kick this is! Our naval vessels engaged in patrol duty on the spot cap- tured the armed vessel of the U.S. imperialist aggressor force and the entire crew, resolutely defying the coun- terattack. No matter how wild the U.S. imperialists and the Park Chung Hee puppet clique of traitors may get, they will be crushed in the face of the watertight defense by the heroic Korean Peo- ple's Army. War clamoring and repressive machlnatior they may resort to; they can never suppress the anti-US., anti-Government struggle of the patriotic South Korean people, which is forcefully spreading like a prairie fire. Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 SPecISI tom, New York ria.. WASHINGTON, Jan. 23�In YI the political life of Pre- mier Kim Ii Sung of. North Korea, whose navy seized. a United States vessel today, him facts stand out: His love of Korea and his hatred of the Japanese. His Communism has been nationalistic, but not isola- tionist He has Man managed to keep his lines open to In the Moscow and Pe- News king, no easy feat for the leader of a small country near the two giants of Communism. He was trained in Commu- nist political tactics by the Soviet Union, became an of- ficer in its army while ex- iled from his native land and, on his return, ruled as Stalin did�through person- ality and purges in the party. Although attacked as a "revisionist" by Red Guard posters in Communist China a year ago, Premier Kim has appeared to maintain a viable � relationship with China. He signed a military assistance pact with the Peking in 1961. Visited Moscow in 1959 Na was last in the Soviet. Union in 1959 as far as i publicly known. In the las year or so, he has sent hi deputy to meetings in Mo Cow. The son of a middlle-clas schoolmaster, he fled Nort Korea with his parents t avoid persecution. Althoug born Kim Sung Chu, he took the name of a Korean who opposed the Japanese as early as 1985, when their an- nexation of Korea began. One year of his absence from North Korea was Span in prison, his penalty for or ganizing anti-Japanese activ ity on Korea's northern bor ders. He received his military and political training around 194 in the Soviet city of Khaba rovsk. He returned to North Korea in 1945 as a captain in the soviet army that ac-, cepted the surrender of the Japanese occupation forces. Mr. Kim obtained control of the Communist party of Korea and, in 1946, absorbed the New Peoples' party, com- posed of Chinese-trained par- ty leaders. The first purge took place in the winter of 1946-'47. The present regime was formed in 1948. Mr. Kim. who holds the title of Secretary General of the Korean Workers' party as well as Premier, was born on April 15, 1912, in Mang Yong Dae. He was married in Manchuria during his years In exile. His wife, who bore him two sons, died in 1949. In 1950 he married Mei daughter of the head of the former South Korean Na- tional Independence Federa- tion, whose function was to bring left-wing national par ties under Communist con- trol. N.Y. TIMES 1/24/68 � NEW YORK NEWS, 2.4 Jan. 1968 Korean IN Neniffiest d !forth Korea Gets Away With This Piracy.' By JERRY GREENE Washington, Jan. 23�North Korean piracy put President Johnson on the .spot today in a test of national honor and prestige not matched since the Russians planted missiles in Cuba. The President has got to get the patrol ship Pueblo and its crew of 83 out of Wonsan harbor fast, for if thus outrage by a pipscaleak Communist nation is permitted to stand, an angry public will APITICOL? never forgive him, and a watching continued unwillingness to keep faith with the a nal- irUFFV qi world, already stice provisions and raise serious doubts about its at' skeptical over the titude toward the promotion of peace and stability in restraint in Vietnam, will lose what respect may be,the area." left for what is purported to be the most potent North Korea spent most of last year sending military force in history. groups of armed raiders, ranging in size from six to The ghost of Stephen Decatur strode the corridors ,ag, "in carefully planned and reconnoitered operations" of the Pentagon this afternoon, and a proud navy . to attack UN forces and installations. A climax carat strained for action. The admirals and the PPtarnsi in the infiltration of an assassination platoon into and the commanders went grimly about their work. ago. They two days They were under wraps and couldn't talk aloud about - go. Up at the Capitol today there was the same old the Pueblo, but there were audible references to tired blather from the 'same senators who bewailed Decatur, and not in jest. war's expansion, who cried 'I told You so' and 'What Nothing Like It in 164 Years could you expect?' Hell, there hasn't ever been' any real peace 'm Nothing like this grab of the Pueblo had happened to the navy in the 164 years sinet Decatur, then a Korea since the armistice was signed in July 1953. A young lieutenant, ran a light boat into the harbor of few hours on a night patrol in the demilitarized sena Tripoli to fire the frigate Philadelphia, captured by is proof enough of this fact to the kids who have to the Barbary pirates. make them. Or sit in the bushes on a stakeout to catch The 83 crew members of the Pueblo held by the Commie infiltrators who have a handful of guns and Communists in Wonsan are infinitely more valuable grenades. than the ship, and concern for their fate doubtless' I've done a stint of that with those youngsters figures in the diplomatic approach to this act of piracy, and those demilitarized zone outposts don't offer the which Secretary of State Dean UB called 'grave" comforts of the Senate cloakrooms. and Sen. Richard Russell (D-Ga.) branded an "act cof That 'Certain Restlessness Roth war." Johnson and Defense Secretary Robert Mc- Johnson said the other night he noticed a "certain Namara have repeatedly insisted that the U.S. armed might was wholly adequate with other crises, any.restlessness" amongst the populace. That wasn't rest- crisis beyond the commitment in Vietnam. Ilessness. That was pure and simple frustration. And Th:ey'll never have a better chance to prove it. There Is every indication that the Pueblo piracy was .a coldly calculated move to discredit the U. S., to taunt this. country ar.d prove its impotence. There is even more evidence in the record that the North Korean Reds have nothing but contempt for anything but force. 14 Years of Insults and Defiance We've been "negotiating" with those cats for 14% years at the Panmunjom armistice table and got noth- ing for our pains but insults, snarls and defiance. We've had to keep two divisions of troops along the so-called demilitarized zone in Korea all these years to prevent another overrun of South Korea.. The Korean Communists have grown even bolder. In a radio broadcast 10 days ago, Pyongyang denounced the 'heinous provaeative designs" of the "U.S. imperial- istic aggressors" to "arrest the revolutionary advance 1 the South Korean people and to provoke a new WASNINGTON NEWS, 23 Jan 68 (24) Widower Most Go to Vietnam By NIKE MELEE ScrApos-Howord Poll Writ, The Air Force insisted today it has done everything possible within policy bounds to help S/Sgt. John L. Wolfe, now pre- paring for a hitch in Vietnam. "He's really a stalwart, the kind of man the Air Force wants to keep," a spokesman said of the sergeant's determination to remain in service, rather than accept a hardship discharge and let the Pentagon get him a job ass civilian policeman. S/Sgt. Wolfe, 35, is a widower and the father of five children � the oldest 10 and two of them pre-school age'. The aehool-age children have been sent to an war in Korea." Less than three months ago, United Nations Am- bassador Arthur Goldberg staved 'up a tip on what rojght have been expected. He submitted to the Secur- ity Council a report from the UN Korean Command showing that "incidents" � breaches of the almistice by North Koreans � had increased from 50 in 1966 to. 543 in the first 10 months of 1967. Raids Cast Doubt on Good Faith ."These deliberate actions by North Korean mined personnel," the report said, "apart from causing serious casualties, constitute clear evidence of North Kerea's much of it stems from fact that a lot of people are sick and tired of being kicked around � pat-tin/a* by the Communists: - We've spent nearly 23 years trying to build bridges, to reason sweetly together and live in peace. And it would appear that the effort has been almost wholly ca one aide. In return we've had the Berlin blockade, the Korean War, the Vietnam war, the Cuban missilee, and always pressure, threats and more pressure. North Korea is only an extension of Red China with MI assist from Russia. This two-bit country has 368,000 men in the armed forces; 500 Russian medium tanks, 3,000 artillery pieces larger than 80-mm., 460 combat aireraft, including a score of Mig-21s and 400 Mug-15 and Mig-17 types; two 'submarines and about 100 es- corts and patrol boats. There is enough power to cause a rumble. But if North Korea can get away with this piece of piracy the U.S. might as well fold its tent in the Pacific and join the British Empire in oblivion. olphanage in Middletown, Ky., and ace others to his .mother's home in nearby Valley Station. S/Sgt. Wolfe's situation gener- ated complaints to the Air Force and phone offers of help to the departing airman from more ,than 20 states. The Air Force gave this run. down of the special attention it gave S/Sgt. Wolfe, who has been assigned to Lackland Air Force Base, 'Pex.,' to make final pre- parations to go to Vietnam next month. When his wife died two years S/Sgt. Wolfe was offered a hardship discharge rather than having to serve out his enlist- ment. He decided to stay in, knowing he would some day have to go overseas. . &Sgt. .Wolfe's last overseas . . 2-P assignment ended in 195-I. He is a military police sentry-dog han- dler, and the Air Force has a shortage of dog handlers in Viet- nam. "The decision made him liable to the normal selection proce- dures ," said an Air Force spokesman. S/Sgt. %Voile's 'number came up for Vietnam, and he was granted a six-month delay to make arrangements for the children. He was again offered a hardship discharge; again he declined. A spokesman said the Air Force decided that "it would not be in the best interests" of the Service to give preferential treatment to SiSgt. Wolfe, who had made his own decision to remain in service. Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 � North Korean Seizure of U.S. Ship Sparks Diplomatic Flurry and Host of Speculations By 1-IgNey (i5i Si lit, $1,71 Ttir STRESTJOVRNa WASHINGTON.- A capital divided nver one U.S. war in Asia found itself suddenly fared with the possibility it could have a second one on its hands yesterday. The seizure of , a r.S. Naval vessel. crammed with eleetronir intelligence-gathering gear, by North l�nrean patrol boats in the Sea of Japan produced a confusion of assessments. A rush of diplomatte activity was begun, aimed not only at keeping the incident front escalat- ing but at resolving it rapidly. "tVe want the Final and its iirewnion back, in a hurry," was the official line. There was hope of achieving that. but there was also concern that it might not happen. and some men in re- sponsible Washington posts were using the ugly word, "war." Broad Spectrum of Speculation The spectrum elf speculation as to Comm', niSt intent and potential consequences was ex- tremely broad, and at the extreme it included this possibility: The Communist part of the world, display- ing more unity than U.S. experts have deemed likely, is opening a "second front" in warfare against America. To the strains of the Vietnam war�which have been giving the "Yankee im� perialists" troubles economically and politi- cally If not so much militarily�the Reds airn to add a replay of the Korean war. And, be- cause twn fronts wnuld keep the U S. Very busy. even in a military sense, it could permit the Reds to push hard somewhere else in the world, hoping to meet little resistance. If so. the agitated Middle East could be an nhvirtus candidate for snare venture of expanding Sm.'s.' penetration. It must be emphasized, however, that such a grand conspiracy is cited c, at. the outskirts of speculation. "We aren't leaping to any such conclusion," said one informed official. For less alarming interpretations can be offered. At the milder end of the spectrum was the possibility that the capture of the U.S.S. Pueblo wasn't planned at all�net by world Communist chieftains, and not even by the North Korean government�but was merely in adventure ni overzealous junior officers commanding pirati- cal patrol boats. Or the venture could have been planned, but with quite limited objectives. Presumably, the Reds could hand the ship and its crew back quickly, and still mark up a big gain: Their first good look at highly secret American de- tection equipment�which the U.S. uses on other "spy ships" in other parts of the world to eavesdrop on domestic radio communications of nther nfficial3 lalllrtig yri.ttcrdny believed it possible the s,'ltol "in us might seemingly be "i�e�mived" eras nvereight, before their assess. ments entdd he printed. Rill a rapid "snlutinn", of nits partritlar incident it'll merely rause Ito;n nwera iiirr .1( hers In drnp a few degrees, rallwr than dbappear. let' the view Is Ilia, this altnck was in tins sense no surprise at all, Me part of a worrisome pattern in wnich tin end is yet in sight. ritivernment elle% alolnliona The (lovernment, addicted as always sta- tdsrics, cited some to show how the North No. rear. have beim systematically stepping up violations of the llneaSy peace that has pre- vailed Sillee former President Flisenhower ne. entiated an armistiee. During 1908 there were "signifieant ineid,ils" in the demilitarized none, and 13 intrusions into South Korea proper. IA "significant ineident" is usually one guttfile. often with castielties.) That level was Irritating, rather than deeply disturb- ing. But then the 1967 figures, just through niid.O.Inher. jumped 'II 423 "signifirant dents" in the PMZ and 120 violent incursions into South Korea. by r...ea anti land. Since October, the experts say, cold weather has AS usual reduced somewhat the number of border violations, bid hy no means their bold- ness. Last Sunday night, Smith Korean police intercepted 31 armed North Koreans who had reached the capital and were headed for the Blue House- 'Seoul's equivalent of Washing- ton's White House. with the mission of assassi- nating President Chung Hee Park. And North Korean propaganda has built up, trying in create the impression that the South Korean population Is rising In guerrilla war- fare. North Korea has kern striving, ton, to portray U.S. forces In South Korea as the ones breaking the armistice; yesterday, North Ko- rean radio broadcasts asserted Americans were firing "thousands of shells and bullets" arross the demilitarized zone. And it claimed the U.S.S. Pueblo was taken while committing "a grave provocative act." But according to the Pentagon, the ship was 25 miles front the mainland. clearly beyond North Korea's 12- mile limit. Number of Feelers) Why are the North Koreans becoming in- ereasingly aggressive? Experts have suspected a number of factors. For one thing, they've gotten itchy watching South Korea make con. siderable progress toward political stability and achieve more remarkable economic act- vances. For another. it's believed, interna- tional Communist solidarity has had at least some Influence; North Korea has seen South � WALL STREET JOURNAL 24 January 1968 - � �- --.- Korea dispatch 48.050 men to help fight the Reds in Vietnam and In help their fellow ciommUnists. the North 1-7nrenna mny be aim- .. . mg at.sfirring enough trouble to halt or-reverse this flow of troops. U. by conspiracy or blunder, events should actually produce another Korean war, there are enough soldiers and guns around to make it a rough one:. At least some officials believe the West would have the advantage�"unless you count the Chinese into it again." North Korea has a regular army of 340,000 rnen, plus reserves of 110.000. Its armor in- cludes 500 Soviet-built medium tanks, 450 ar- mored vehicles. about 3.000 artillery pieces, plus surface-to-air missiles. Its navy is small, with only SOW men, and includes twn former Russian submarines, two roastal escorts, 10 minesweepers and 80 small patrol "raft. Its air force, with 20,000 men, has 460 combat aircraft. including 40 IL2S jet bombers, 25 MIG21 jet fighters, which are relatively new and ad- vanced aircraft, and around 400 5tIG15 and MIG17 fighters. which are aging. South Korea has an army of 500.000 still at home, including 10 tank battalions with U.S.- supplied Patton tanks. and 40 artillery battal- ions. Its navy has 17.000 men and one de- stroyer, three destroyer escorts and about 100 other ships of various size. Its air force has 25.000 men And 200 U.S.-built combat aircraft �including 30 new. small F3 tactieal fighters. and 170 F88 Jets left over from the Korean war. Backing up the South Koreans are Amen- can forces, numbering around 50.000, stationed in that country. Assuming success of U.S. efforts to obtain rapid release of the ship�and urgent diplco macy to this end was bieng conducted both via the Soviets and directly with North Koreans on the military'armistice commission at Panmun- jom�it seemed likely that the Pueblo affair could still remain a hot Issue in Washington for some time. Indications were that both "doves" and "hawks" could be pressing suspicions about how It happened. Sen Fulbright ID., Ark.1 who.se Foreign Af- fairs Committee Is launrhing a study this week Into the accuracy of the Administration's or- count of a 1064 North Vietnamese attack on U.S. Naval craft, seemed skeptieal of the Pen- tagon's story about this North Korean incident. "I'm not ready to testify that everything they say is exactly according to the facts," he re- marked. On the other side of the fence, Chair- man Russell (D., Ga.) of the Senate Armed Services Committee was asking why the lightly armed U.S. vessel di tin' undertake to defend Itself in the two or three hours of the incident, or call for air support... Washington Star 23 January 1968 (24) SHIP CAPTURED BY REDS A NAVY VESSEL DOING A NAVY JOB . By ORR KELLY Scar Staff Writer The intelligence gathering ship captured by North Korea today was a Navy ship with a Navy crew operating on a Navy mission. Informed sources said the USS Pueblo was different from the USS Liberty which was attacked by Israeli forces off the Sinai Peninsula June 8. Although the fact was never confirmed by the Pentagon, it was learned at that time that the Navy operated the Liberty as a floating electronic information-gathering vessel for the National Security Agency. Pentagon sources declined to say just What the role of the Pueblo was off the North Korean shore, but there were indications that its assignment was to monitor North Korean radio traffic and radar operations for the Navy. Both the United States and the Soviet Union have a number of electronic intelligence ships which perform a variety of roles. The Soviet ships regularly operate near the bases for U.S. Polaris missile submarines and off Cape Kennedy, Fla. 3-7 They also normally show up to keep an eye on US. and NATO manuevers. In the Gulf of Tonkin, Soviet electronic trawlers shadow U.S. aircraft carriers, operating just at the horizon, beyond the carriers' destroyer screen. Their major purpose is pre- sumed to be to act as an early warning system for North Vietnamese anti-aircraft crews. The U.S. electronic ships are used to help keep track of Soviet missile and space launches. Operating a short dis- tance off-shore, they also are capable of listening in on radio traffic and plotting the location and power of shore-based radar installations. The Russians have 26 large trawlers and the United States bas five converted merchant ships for electronic ear veillance. In addition, both nations have sizable numbers of smaller ships such as the Pueblo which are used for this purpose. Combat ships also carry a large array of similar electronic equipment. The United States claims only a 3-mile limit off her shores, which means that Soviet vessels can operate just outside the 3-mile limits and still be in international limits. The Russians, North Koreans and a number of other nations claim a 12-mile territorial limit Chile claims a 200. mile limit and has taken action against U.S. fishing boats operatng within that area. Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 Who Williakeltole Of Devil's Advocate? By JOSEPH C. GOULDEN WHEN the memoirs are finally printed, possibly there will be confirmation or refutation of the report that surfaced here over the Weekend that. Robert S. McNamara's last act as Secretary of Defense was to urge President Johnson to halt temporarily the bombing of North Vietnam to test whether Hanoi's latest "peace offer" was real. Whatever the answer, no one at the Pentagon or White House is saying, and so Robert McNamara slides out of the decision-making hierarchy and into the presidency of the World Bank. his seven years and odd days at the top now grist for the historians and .Republican campaign orators. For those persons desiring a change in Mr. Johnson's war policies, the appointment of insider's-insider Clark M. Clifford is discomforting. Clifford's ballot has long been a hefty one in the weighed voting of Mr. Johnson's con- sensus process, and it will be'even more so once he leaves the Telephone Cabinet and acquires official standing. Which is not to say Clark Clifford is a yes-man for Lyn- don Johnson or for anyone else: What IS known is that Clifford helped shape existing war policies and thus is most unlikely now to stand up at his first National Security Coun- cil meeting and confess he's been wrong all along. � � WHO, then, shall assume McNamara's role as devil's advocate and argue back when the Joint Chiefs Of Staff continue their incessant yaminering for au- thority to go after the dangerous targets forbidden them in the North? One looks down the roster, in vain: Secretary of State Dean Rusk has his war-statement down so pat he can talk NEW YORK 411IES 24 JANUARY 1968 Rusk Doubts Inevitability in the minds of other Asians. Of a Conflict With China In d iann nteoVt heiv; :at: a tee CanaWASHINGTON, Jan. Z2 (AP) Chinese had given ample evi- Macleans. Mr. Rusk said the �Secretary of State Dean Rusk dence in the past that "they are says -there is no reason to be- not reluctant to use direct Mill- lieve that war between .the taey force across their borders." United States and Communist the interview. appearing in ,!6tteutEnt:L' � China is inevitable, but that azinIn! e.surilcecnurredt iSsul Peking's policies and nuclear not released by the State De- development pose a real threati partment until Monday. for 17 minutes and not vary by more than nine syllables what he said in August; his Asian man, William P. Bundy, sounds as hawkish these days as a Marine gunnery ser- geant on the DMZ; Walt W. Rostow, ofjhe White House, is a high priest of the political fundamentalism underlying our very presence in Vietnam and is comfortable in his cassock. Nor are any outsiders in sight. Mr. Johnson has bet- ter relations with Prince Sihanouk than he does with Sen. J. William Fulhright; he makes a point of receiving back- from-Vietnam visitors, but they consist of Air Force cola nels and such predictable savants as former Congressman Walter Judd. The White House gripes constantly about critical reporters in Vietnam�yet when these men come home they are not asked over for a chat about the reasons for their skepticism. � � SINGER Earths Kitt proved last week it is possible to penetrate the isolation of the White House; called there for a luncheon to talk about urban problems, she responded with a "State of the Union" message that VMS a more realistic depiction of that national mood than what Mr. Johnson gave Congress two days earlier. And many of Mr. Johnson's Vietnam critics�includ- ing such nonhippies as Sen. George D. Aiken, of Vermont �feel the President would profit by a similar lecture on the moralities of the war, rather than continuing affirma- tions from the inner circle of the righteousness of the course it has chosen and down which it is leading all of us. NEW YORK TIMES 24 JANUARY 1968 Cambridge, Mass.: The Kennedy Liberals at Harvard By JAMES RESTON CAMBRIDGE, Mass., Jan. 23 �There is a serious political and philosophical argument go- ing on here among the Ken- nedy liberals at Harvard. it is not the tiresome personal dis- pute that we are having in Washington between President Johnson and the Kennedy clan, but an argument among the Kennedy supporters about Presidential power, the condi- tion of the nation and whether Senator Robert Kennedy of New York can do, anything about these things. The Kennedy-Johnson feud is, of course, very much in evi- dence here, and there is a group of Kennedy lovers and Johnson haters, some of them former aides to President Ken- nedy, who are using Harvard as a comfortable launching pad for blasting the Johnson Ad- ministration out of power. But the issue is much wider and deeper than that. The Dilemma The Kennedy liberals came out of the New Deal tradition and many of them have argued for years for a "strong Presi- dency." Now they find them- selves in the awkward position of not liking what President Johnson has done with Presi- dential power in Vietnam, and yet not blowing quite how to sen thinking the risk of run- ning is too great and Schles- inger insisting that the risk of not running, which might cost him the support of the young, is even greater. About the only thing they all agree on is that President Johnson should go down in history as a political accident between the two Kennedy Presidencies, and that Senator Kennedy should at least get ready to run, just in case Pres- ident Johnson decides at the last minute not to seek re- election. The Emotional-Climate What seems even clearer here than in Washington is that Senator Kennedy has not decid- ed the question, which is why the barrage of arguments from here continues, and the feeling runs so deep on the subject Arthur Schlesinger Jr., for that it has apparently divided example, has written a paper the Kennedy supporters and arguing that Senator Kennedy even the Kennedy family. should take the risk. Theodore It seems fairly clear that very Sorensen has composed the as-- few Kennedy supporters here gument against Richard Neu- think the Senator could take stadt has taken the position the nomination away from that Bobby is trapped for the President Johnson, or that be present and will be effective could avoid splitting his party again politically only when he if he tried to do so. The sign- accepts the fact of his dilemma. meat for trying is mom compli- Thus, President John F. Ken- cam& It is that the war in nedy's two principal biogra- Vietnam and its consequences phers differ on the correct role on the home front are morally for President Kennedy's broth- wrong and should be opposed er Robert to take, with Soren- by people who believe they are 4-k limit his power in order to change the policies they op- pose. That is one part of the argu- ment here. The liberals are now trying to restrain the very powers they wanted in the past, and don't know how to do it. More important, they are as troubled about bow to chal- lenge President Johnson on political grounds as they are on how to challenge him on constitutional grounds. For the present, the Keane- dy supporters are not only ar- guing among themselves about whether Senator Robert Ken- nedy of New York should or should not challenge the Pres- ident for the Democratic nom- ination, but are writing essays and lawyer's briefs on the top- ic, pro and con. wrong, as Robert Kennedy cer- tainly does. This is a serious argument because it is a conflict of prin- ciples. One principle is that a man should back his beliefs if he thinks the present policies will divide and weaken the na- tion at home and in its relations with the rest of the would. The other principle is that a man should support- his party- in a crisis, even if he disagrees with it, especially if there is a seri- ous prospect that his opposition would shatter his party and might even open the way for a more hawkish Administration in Washington than the present The balance In this debate seems to run against an open challenge by Kennedy. This is not an argument hem at Har- vard between academic ama- teurs, but between men who have had a great deal of experi- ence in Washington, know the political skill and constitutional power of the President. and therefore are trying to recon- cile their wishes and the forces on the other side. So far they have not been able to do so. They are the sad- dest and most frustinted par- hcipants on the American po- litical some today, but they are arguing about serious things and at least they agree that Kennedy should remain avail- able until the California Presi- dential printery. Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 III NEwswEEK, 29 January 296E (240 CLARK CLIFFORD FOR THE DEFENSE For all the speculation that had swirled :thou( Washington succ.essor to outgoing Defense Secretary Robert S. NIcNantara_ there was never much doubt that the choice open to the President was :1 narrow late, and that the four or five most likely men for the job were, al- ready in the government�or in any event not very far out of it. Against this back- ground, and hr keeping with the relative- ly austere stain, he look earlier in his State of the [Ilion Nlessitge (page Iii) the President law last week called a mid-alternnon pre,s conference and svith no fanfare wl wtever announced his choice or the lialion's next SVCII�titry iii Defense. To the sr uprise of few, the President's choler. was Clark NleAdamS Cliii ord. bi. a skilled corporation lawyer who has served as a confidential defense and foreign-policy adviser to three Presi- dents�and who has long been on record as a staunch supporter of Administration policy on Vietnam. By almost any standard, Clifford's an- . pointniciit was a shrewd JANUARY 26) ' Getting the Pue lo Back J-11:: ship and its 83-innit crew � some of them w ounded -- must he released without further delay, ivas Monday noon Korean time that the USS Pueblo was captured by a gang- op of North Korean patrol boats and forced into Wonsan harbor. Alt. right, the Communists have had their fun, tweaked Uncie Sam's nose. made their propaganda coup. Now it's high time they gave the ship back. There's a hint the North Koreans know they have to do so. It lies in the crude, hastily drafted **confession" at- tributed to ('nidr. Bucher. the Pueblo's skipper. " � Otis parents and wises and children at tame are anxiously fcr us to return home in safe sic I. . We Only hope ... that we will be forgiven leniently ..." North Korea's F.rnt!g rejection tif the demaoti to return the ship, made at a Panmunjom areni,,tice meeting yes- terday intlicates, however, the Pyong- yang pirates a am to gamble a bit and string as atoll'. Thert'S no comfort. ei- ther, in word that the Russians rebuffed Washington's appeal to intervene. We still hope the Russians, recalling the crises over Berlin and Cuba, would pass on the word that when the Americans get riled, it doesn't� pay to fool around too long. But what should the Johnson Adminis- tration ac it should, make an all-out ef- fort Unit all available channels to get the Pueblo back by diplomatic means � before resort to lorce. Besides seeking intervention of friendly governments, neutrals and C ommunists with whom we are on speaking terms, the U.S. should request an urgent meeting of the United Nations Security Council. We should present a two-part plan: is) North Korea must re- lease the Pueblo immediately, and 2) the U.S. will participate in an impartial investigation of the whole episode, and let the facts come out as they will. The most important objective is to de- fuse this eSplcsive crisis by- freeing the ship and its crew � and gather all the facts later, after the crisis has cooled. This means the Security Council must not just meet and pa/aver as it did in last year's Middle East crisis, but [mist quiekly get results � the return of �the Pueblo. Perhaps the IN would prove incapa- peebrltoia. ble of getting action w ithin a reasonable time. But at least vie owe it to the n orld community and to our own principles as Americans to try the peaceable ap- proach first. But let the North. Koreans mark it well: grabbing off the tiny USS Pueblo may have been easy, but the carrier task force, including. the mighty USS Enterprise, has not moved into the Sea of Japan without purpose. American reprisal. � If the request is rejected. President Johnson is confronted with a fullblown crisis alarming in its gravity. The world is a restless one in which advance information of any aggressive in- tentions is of the utmost importance to the security not only of the United States but of the world. The Pueblo's mission was a legitimate one from a defense point of view. If she strayed off her course in pursuit of it, it is not a violation of such magnitude that the two countries should engage in conflict over a settlement. Reason on both sides is called for. Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 NEW YORK POST 20 JANUARY ( 26) McNamara and Clifford The timing of President Johnson's an- nouncement that Clark Clifford has been chosen to succeed Defense Secretary Mc- Namara may have been entirely inadver- tent. But it trill be construed in many places as symbolic. McNamara has long been a figure of plradox. It has been an open secret�and, in some instances, a matter of record� that he long ago began questioning the strategy of escalation and voicing skepti- cism about the effectiveness of our Viet- nam bombing program. On many occasions observers have wryly noted that McNa- mara seemed disposed to emphasize the need for creative diplomacy while Secretary of State Rusk.acted as mouthpiece for the JoiftraTeTS of Staff. Clifford is a respected, gifted attorney with a long record of distinguished public service. He has also been frequently de- scribed as one of those unofficial Acheson- Ian White House advisors who have played a large role in shaping our dead-end role ill Vietnam. If that is the case, his designation as McNamara's replacement is new cause for apprehension. But public office involves responsibili- ties far beyond the realm of intermittent advice. What can be said with certainty is that Clifford's appointment gives finality to the departure of McNamara, and the largeness of the loss cannot be underesti- mated. He fought many momentous battles in behalf of the principle of civilian ride; he refused to be pushed around by the generals; he introduced dramatic 'move- lions in the department's procedures�des- pite the resistance of bureaucracy�that will not be easily reversed. He set a lofty standard for his successor. BALTIMORE NEWS AMERICAN 23 JANUARY 1968 ( 26) McNarnara's Successor IT WOULD BE DIFFICULT TO IMAGINE a man more qualified than (lurk M Clifford to suc- ceed Robert S. McNamara as Secretary of Defense. Both President Johnson and the nation .are fortun- ate a man of such calibre and experience has agreed to accept designation for one of the three toughest jobs in Washington. In a sense, Mr. Clifford is a predecessor of Mr. McNamara as well as his successor. It was he who drafted the 'act calling for unit ication of the armed services and establishing the office of Secretary of Defense in 1947 under President Truman, Thus the effective overhall of the military establishment achieved by Mr. McNamara represents a goal first envisioned by the secretary-designate and his fel- low planners a generation ago. This was typical of the effective .visionary astuteness provided by Mr. Clifford fdr more than 20 years either as an aide or consultant ,to Demo- cratic presidents�all his close personal friends. In this role of key strategy advisor, the wealthy attor- ney has become one of the nation's most respected. experts not only on military matters but in foreign affairs, economics, intelligence operations and polit- ical tactics. � Clark Clifford's unmatched experience, his proven know-how, and above all his exceptional tact in solving delicate problems in the mazes of official Washington meet the tremendous demands of his impending assignment. Yet his chief asset is some- thing else. Unlike his brilliant but sometimes wav- ering predecessor, he is as firm a supporter of Mr. Johnson's Vietnam policies as is Secretary of State Dean Rusk. Once again the nation's three top lead- ers will be working in the kind of total cooperation and understanding vital for bringing the war to its earliest possible conclusion. � CHICAGO SUN-TIRES 23 JAIIIRY 1968 (26) A Diplomat In The Pentagon Hawks and doves have joined in approval of the appointment of Clark M. Clifford to succeed Robert S. Mc- Namara as secretary of. defense. Clif- ford will bring to the Pentagon a wealth of experience not only in mili- tary affairs but in the field of diplo- macy, foreign and domestic. Like McNamara. Clifford has a well- deserved reputation for intellectual - brilliance. McNamara was a World War II Air Force officer; Clifford was a Navy officer. McNamara left his private job at great financial sacrifice. So will Clifford. But there the com- parison virtually ends. Unlike McNamara. who came to Washington from the Ford Motor Co., Clifford's career has been in law and government affairs: Clifford has been a trusted counselor to Presidents Tru- man, Kennedy and Johnson. He has a large law practice. Clifford was one of the drafters of the 1947 law unifying the armed forces under the secretary of defense. Presi- dent Kennedy appointed him chair- man of the President's Foreign Intel- ligence Advisory Board, a position he still holds. In 1966 he was President Johnson's adviser at the Manila con- ference and last year he and Gen. Maxwell Taylor visited a number of Southeast Asian and Pacific countries as personal emissaries Of the Presi- dent, discussing Vietnam. Clifford was one of the persons Mc- Namara recommended to Mr. Johnson as qualified for the defense post. No two men approach the same job the same way and Clifford undoubted- ly will be a striking change from Mc- Namara. But each may prove to hav,. been just the right man for the job at the time. McNamara served longer than any other person in the job (seven years). He brought the efficiencies of private industry and he put a firm civilian hand on the military brass. � Clifford will inherit the more stream- lined establishment created by Mc- Namara and it is to be hoped that he will prove as tough in asserting civil- ian control over the generals and ad. mirals as McNamara did. Clifford's own particular contribu lion, however, may be in helping to unify Washington behind a course for peace. Although he has a reputation for being more hawkish than McNa- mara, his appointment was praised by a thoroughgoing dove, Sen. J. William Fulbright (D-Ark.). Fulbright said that he felt that Clif- ford will at least listen to critics of the President's policy. And since the President leans on Clifford for advice. a better understanding of the various positions might result. On the other hand, Clifford's ap- pointment means that the President will feel that he has greater personal control over the office; Mr. Johnson inherited McNamara from President Kennedy. Clifford is his own personal choice. With a new defense chief some of the nation's priorities may be subtly adjusted. We hope the appointment of Clifford, a Johnson adviser on diplo- macy as well as defense, will mean a stronger emphasis on the political and diplomatic aspects of the Vietnam problem rather than the purely mili- tary. Meanwhile it is salutary that the appointment has been generally applauded. ST. PETERSBURG TIMES 20 JANUARY 1968 (26) The New Defense Secretary President Johnson's selection of Clark Clifford to be the new secre- tary of defense had not been wide- ly forecast; yet it should come as no real surprise. � Clifford not only is one of the President's closest friends, confi- dante, and advisers, as he was to Presklents Kennedy and Truman, he is also one of the most 1mowl- edge.able men in Washington in the inner workings Of government at all levels. HIS DIPLDJILACY, his ability to work with the members of Con- gress, and an innate toughness that has kept him at or near the top of the political jungle in Wash- ington for two decades make him quite possibly the best choice that could have been made to follow Robert McNamara in the nation's toughest job next to the presidency itself. Clifford has not held a full-time government job since he served as special counsel to President Tru- man from 1946 to 1950. But while practicing law in Washington since, he has remained close to the sources of political power � par- ticularly in the Senate during the Eisenhower years, whets Lyndon Johnson was majority leader. President Kennedy, after his election in 1960. called on Clifford to represent him with the Eisen- hower Administration in the trans- fer of power. HE HAS SERVED President Johnson not only as a personal ad- viser, but in such public ways as chairman of the President's For- eign Intelligence Advisory Board and emissary, with Gen. Maxwell Taylor, on a visit to our Far East Vietnam allies last year. Clifford will embark on his new assignment with the full confidence of the President and with many friends and few ene- mies in Congress. These are 'impressive assets, which will serve him well in main- taining the civilian control that McNamara has succeeded in es- tablishing over the vast military establishment in the Pentagon. The country will wish him well. 3-2 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 NEW YORK POR5 JANUARY 1968 ( 26) MorOangerous Hours ihe anxious hoiit's'creep by, alarmed Americans everywhere ,�.exchang2 appre- Iwnsive questions about . I he DM crisis in Asia: North Korea's s6iitire. of a seaborne U-2 called the U.S.S. Piniblo'and her crew. The universal question i.e whether what Secretary of State Ritsk has tentatively termed an act of war- Will actually erupt into another Asian conflict of deadly di- flinSiOnS. The sense of natfonal alarm is becoming comparable to that stirred by the Cuban missile crisis. But it is crucial to discern the differ- ences. The Soviets' reckless Cuban advm- lure plainly demanded an immediate, unflinching countermove. The Pueblo inci- dent demands the utmost care and cau- tion and the exhaustive use of every diplo- matic alternative to military means. Capt. Stephen Decatur�who once surrendered a ship�is remembered for saying: "Our country, right or wrong." It still remains it mystery wriz.,ther this nation is supreme- ly right in the Pueblo crisis. So far, the Administration appears to appreciate the uncertainties. Responsible Congressional leaders such as Senate Ma- jority Leader Mansfield ID-Mont.) have wisely counseled sober consideration and restraint. There is no discernible sessional response to the outcries for massive retali- ation from Sens. Thurmond (R-S.C.) or Dodd 1D-Conn.). Although it has moved the nuclear carrier Enterprise and other warships into position off Wonsan Bay, Washington seems determined to seek a diplomatic solution. if � To secure any national assent in the use of means beyond vigorous diplomacy to recover the Pueblo and her officers and men, the Johnson Administration must first answer scores of unanswered ques- tions�about the ship's mission, about her actual location at the time of the boarding, about the absence of protection for Ihe vessel, about the obvious failure to inter- dict the attack. One of the most basic questions is where the Pueblo was when she was inter- cepted by the North Korean patrol boats. The Pentagon's first official announcement of the seizure said the ship's reported posi- tion was "approximately 25 miles from the mainland of North Korea." But according to Rear Adm, John V. Smith in Panmunjom, the Pueblo was only 16 nautical miles off the coast. Naut- ical miles are longer than land miles, but the two distance figures cannot be recon- ciled. The North Koreans claim territor- ial waters stretching out 12 miles from the coast. Was the Pueblo really on the "high seas"? Or did she wander�or steer �closer? The point is hardly minor; if Soviet spy ships�the familiar counter- parts of the Pueblo�were to approach the coast of Maine, bristling with elec- tronic gear and flaunting their purpose, what would Washington's reaction be? Finally, who authorized the Pueblo's hazardous journey�especially at a mo- ment when peace talks in Vietnam were still ostensibly being pursued? if Sea. Fulbright (D-Ark.), chairman of the Foreign Relations Committee, re- marked that "the fact We are deeply committed in Vietnam undoubtedly contributes to all other countries feeling more free than normal from serious retaliation." That is certainly plausible. It remains to be demonstrated that the Pueblo seizure is a calculated Communist diversion. But even if the U. S. were not committed in Vietnam, even if we were prepaued to retaliate heavily, Washington has yet to furnish any persuasive justification for so fateful an act. Only the most searching, patient diplo- macy�and a full airing of the facts--is justified now. KANSAS CITY STAR po JAN 26) - '11-1INKINt: CNTIIINK ABLE ABOUT ATOMIC WAN flOOMSDAY is never any further away than the world's first exchange of nuclear war- heads between twucountries committed to wag- ing war with each other. Questions of limiting an atomic cla'sh., of confining missile and bomb strikes to. certain targets would become all hut academic in such catastrophic circumstances. But such grim questio,ns have been posed. and they will continue to.ceme.up as they have once more this week. The Washington Post kicked off the latest dis- cession. The Post asserted that both the United States and the Soyiet Cnien now place cities. rather than military installations, at the lop of their nuclear targeting list. But the Pentagon im- mediately denied .1.hat :any such fundamental shift of strategy had occurred, adding that the L. S. strategic options for nuclear war have not changed since loss. Thus the. military high command Nocnis 'Ole! standing by the official view expressed tint( a dozen years ago that in time of war the I:. S. might be able to knock out all of Russia's strate- gic missiles and thereby limit the amount (if damage that could be inflicted on this country. The contrary judgment, which the Pentagon has publicly rebuffed, is that American long- range ballistic missiles are not accurate enough to score direct hits on concealed, underground Soviet missile silos. According to this appraisal, the Russians find themselves similarly restrict- ed. If these limitations existed�as the Washing. ton Post has maintained�the two powers would use their nuclear arsenals to hold each other's cities hostage. Both positions�that, adhered to by the Penta- gon and the new. contention of the Washington Post�are � based on theories: The absolute facts could not possibly he known short nf a nuclear war. The world can only hold its hreath and hope that it never obtains A cicar.ctit determination by way of a 191h century doomsday. CHICAGO DAILY NEWS 25. JANUARY 1968 (26) Hot plane in hot water The long-dormant controversy over the - Ill, the radical sweep-wing plane designed for both Air Force and Navy use, is heating up again. The decision to continue or cancel the Navy version of the plane may be the first big imbroglio facing the incoming Sec. of Defense, Clark Clifford. The Air Force version is now in production at the Fort Worth plant of General Dynamics Corp.. and the Air Force' is apparently satisfied it will �do everything expected of it. But rumbles From the Navy are increasing as the time draws near for carrier testing. The F�111B (the Navy version) is heavier than anticipated. and 'Navy brass is not convinced it will carry out the Navy's tasks as well as it will serve the different missions prescribed by the Air Force. Weight is a crucial factor in Navy carrier operations. The 1 I was designed for versatil- ity. It can be a fighter or a bomber 'Or a reconaissance plane. It spreads its wings. for short takeoffs mind land- ings, folds them back. for flight at up to two and a half times the speed of sound. It has long range, and can be equipped with anything from nuclear bombs to fast-firing cannon. One l I, at least theoretically, could take the place of a fleet of fighters and bomb- ers of the limited World War II variety. In fact the main idea behind the F- 111 was to make. it a multipurpose air- craft. As planes get more sophisticated in concept (and this one ;narks a big forward step in technology) the cost goes up sharply. Defense Sec. Mc- Namara pushed for the F-lit partly on the argument that its "commonal- ity" in use by both services would save the taxpayers an estimated $I billion. If the Navy now goes out to develop different planes for its own special purposes, the added bill could run high. These are complex matters that not only strain the limits of aircraft tech- nology, but also involve top-secret electronics and weaponry. The aver- age citizen is in no position to judge whether he is getting a square deal or not; he must depend on the experts in the aircraft industry, the generals and admirals, and the committeemen in Congress who share in shaping the Defense Department decisions. Both interservice rivalry and poli- tics have intruded in the F-ill pre- 4-N WALL STREET JOURNAL 26 JAN 68 Washington Wire CLIFFORD FACES a tough time defending McNamara's budgeting. Lawmakers complain that heavy shifting of funds to Vietnam war pinches arms programs they have voted to push. A Senate committee will surely zero in on delay in deployment of the Minuteman III missile. A hold.down on antimissile spending will irk Congress. * * * HANOI INFLAMES Sihanouk by recruiting troops inside Cambodia. That little-known violation of Cambodian neutrality Is one of the sharpest prods turning Sihanouk ' against the Reds. North Vietnam, Vietcong agents recruit among Cambodia's siz- able Vietnamese minority; some reports claim they net 4.001:r monthly. The Reds also collect money and supplies from Vietnamese traders in Cambodia's capital. U.S. officials figure Sihanouk is really turn- ing more. cooperative, despite his charges of American border violations. The Cambodian chief told U.S. emissary Bowles he expected Hanoi to crowd hint some day but not an soon. SihanoUk made clear he finds the American presence 'helpful in maintaining Cambodian independence. Si/148011k ogress to study State Depart- ment .intaligence reports of alleged Com- munist border eiotatione�teresethtny he enviously rejected. gram' from its start as the FTX. The original contract award was the sub- ject of congressional hearings, and sniping has continued intermittently ever since. The stakes are high, for a plane contract these days may run into the billions. Whatever the final decision may be, we hope it rests on the solid ground of technology and experience, and is made only after all possible tests are complete. Nothing less will ultimately convince the taxpayer that he is get- ting his money's worth, and not being taken for a ride by a coalition of mili- tary brass, aircraft manufacturers and congressmen. Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 � FEATURES COLUMNISTS NEW YORK TIMES � 26 JANUARY 1968 Excerpts From Panmunjom ttn i.s it,:pititi in Korea. -rh., Korea. riejtne hits eitiliarketi en a campaign it; toe. s thotage iind dssassination in violation if the armistice itereement and international law. Thtt Itepahltc of Korea and the United States threaten re env. El nt Ninth Korean regime persists in this cam� ;sitars which can only en- danger the ceata� of this area. the responsibility for the con- seqnences wit! rest Ned h tae North Korean reelme. By General Pak ,51 the aelith meeting td this commissimi held fool- days ago. I again registered a strong pr,riest with your side agains;. having infiltrated into oer coastal waters a number of armed spy boats, espionage bandits together with a group of Si... II, Ko- rean fishing host is, and re- peatedly demanded that you inunediately stop such crimi� nal acts. However. between the 0700 and 1730 hours. Jan. 21, the day after the 2110th meeting of this commission, year side again dispatched armed spv boats together wiili 100-ocld Si ct Ii Kin can fishing boats into our coastal waters in the Nicinity of 38 degrees 40 min- utes North. 128 degrees 29 minutes East and on Jan. 22 cle,patched armed spy boats together with 100-odd Smith Korean fishing boats into our coastal waters in the eastern sea in the vicinity of 38 de- prees 42 minutes North, 128 degrees 32 minutes East to commit provocative acts. On Jan. 23. too, your side again dispatched armed spy boats together with 100-odd South Korean fishing boats into our coastal waters of the eastern sea in the vicin- ity of 38 degrees 41 minutes North, 128 degrees 2l1 min- utes East. and today, too, is infiltrating the armed spy boats together with 100-odd South Korean fishing boats in our coastal waters of the eastern sea. Your side has continuously dispatched naval vessels in our coastal waters to conduct naval bombardment upon our coastal area and used even the South Korean fisherman as a shield for its aggressive acts, as you turned out the South Korean youths as bul- let shields to the battlefield ill Vietnam. 'Crude AggrtsLive Act' In the most overt and seri- ous aggressive act of infil- trating an armed spy ship of the United States imperialist aggressive army into our coastal waters on Jan. 23, that is, around 1215 hous on Jan. 23, your side committed a crude aggressive act of il- legally infiltrating an armcd spy ship of the United States imperialist aggressive navy CONTINUED NEXT PA GE Exchange 1' lit, WASHINGTON. Jim. 25�Fol- lowing cure excerpt,: front fill exchange yesterday between Rear Actin. .1 elm V. Smith and Maj. Gen. Pal; CillII/g Kook. North Korecou delegate to the Military Armistice Commission to Panintinjan, Korea, regard- ing the seizure ai Pueblo. By Admiral Smith I now have one more sub- ject to raise which is also of an extremely serious nature. This concerns the nriminal boarding and seizure of the U.S. naval vessel Pueblo in international waters on 23 January lefl5. at approxi- mately 1330 local time by North Korean forces. This matter is appropriate for discussion -because it is part ef new pattern of North Korea belligerence and ag- � gressive actions which dan- gerously increase tensions in this area. If they are per- sisted in. they will have most serious consequences to maintenance ofaannistice and to preservation of peace in Korea. These . hostile acts cannot he perpetrated with impunity. It is important that yeti understand difference be- tween international and ter- ritorial waters and rights ac- corded ships nf all nations, especially public vessels, in international waters. � You must surely realize that any public vessel has complete immunity from jurisdiction of any state other than the flag state. This in, munitv to interference has long been recognized in cus- tomary international law, and specifically in the con- vention on high seas. The Pueblo was in inter- national waters at the time of the incident, its exact loca- tion being latitude 39 degrees 20 mineus North, longitude 127 degrees 54 minutes East. It was over 16 nautical miles from land. Its location was exact, as the ship was equipped with modern navi- gational equipment. Apology Demanded In the interest of comlvina- with the laws and customs of nations, it is necessary that your regime do the fol- lowing: I. Return the vessel and crew intact, immediately. 2. Apologize to the United -States Government for this illegal action. You are also advised that the United States reserves the right to ask for compen- sation under . international law. Further, I hav^ quested hi' by the United States Government to say the fol- lowing directly to you. Events of the last year, and, especially the last few days. have put a new complexion NEW YORK TINES � 26 JANUARY 1968 Call-Up: A First Step Mobilization of Reserve Units Viewed As Move Toward Greater Readiness By HANSON W The mobilization of 14,787 reservists yesterday is a first step toward increasing the readiness and effectiveness of the United States armed forces around the world. Military souri..eJ indicated that the Joint Chiefs of Staff had repeatedly recommended limited mobiliza- tion or the Reserves ever since � our first commit- ment of ground News combat units to Analysis Vietnam in the Spring of 1965. The Administra- tion, however, chose to expand ,the armed forces by increased draft calls and enlistments, by forming new units, and by transferring personnel from all over the world to Vietnam. I Inventories of weapons, am-; munition and equipment in' Europe, Korea and the Unitedi States were drawn down to l support our forces in Vietnam. The experience level of the armed forces was materially reduced by massive and con- tinuous personnel turnovers, in- cident to the one-year rotation policy in Vietnam and the two- year draft. A production policy, spon- sored by Secretary of Defense Robert S. McNamara, tailored to the concept that United States factories would turn out, whatever was needed to supply! the needs of the Vietnam war. and our other forces overseas but not much more than that, was to be avoided, and, after munition and equipment, such as those that followed World War II and the Korean war, was tobe avoided, and,after the war ended, the depletoi inventories around the world were to be replaced as muni- tions factories gradually re- duced their production and thus eased the transition froml war to peace. 1 Risks Were Involved These policies, though attrar-I tive politically and economi-i rally, involved military risks. Military and Congressional leaders have repeatedly warned that the concentration of half a million men in Vietnam had depleted United States ready strength elsewhere; many had indicated that we were "spread thin," and that if any other major incident occurred else- where in the world or if many additional troops were required for Vietnam mobilization would be mandatory. Officers in Washington be- ieve that the seizure of the Pueblo by the North Koreans. the other aggressive actions of the North Koreans and the massive re-enforcements the North Vietnamese have sent to the Khesanh area along the demilitarized zone in Vietnam 1�F . BALDWIN were the catalysts that led to 'the President's reaction. The call-up of units of the t Air National Guard, Air Re- iserve, and the Naval air arm lis viewed not only as a political land psychological reaction to Ithe Pueblo seizure, but also as an attempt to strengthen what is probably the weakest and most strained element of the nation's military strength �its tactical air power. The weakness, in places like Korea and Japan, of United States tactical air strength was underscored by the Pueblo in- cident. Most of the Tactical Air Command's available squad- rons�except a few engaged in training activities � have al- ready been concentrated in Vietnam; four squadrons have been withdrawn from Europe. and the Navy's carrier air wings in the Mediterranean and Atlantic have been under- strength in planes and pilots. One informed officer said yesterday that, without doubt, the most serious worldwide shortage was aircraft and heli- copter& and the pilots to man them. He also said that "no. body's ammunition- reserve � with the exception of Vietnam � was back to the pre-Viet- nam level," and he predicted that if any "continuous shoot- ing started in Korea or else- where various shortages would soon develop. The units ordered to active duty yesterday will add 372 aircraft and almost 14,800 men to the regular forces. The Air National Guard units, which for the bulk of the call-up, are in a fairly high state of readi- ness, even though their North American F-100 fighters, and their McDonnell RF-101 recon- naissance planes are old and are no match for Soviet Migs. The six Naval Reserve squad- rons with 72 aircraft are equipped with Ling-Temco- Vought F-8 fighters and with Douglas A-4B attack planes. Both are old; the Douglas model is the second oldest of the A-4 line. The six Air Reserve squadrons fly transport and rescue planes � all of them old but still serviceable. Two Purposes Seen This very modest increment to United States air 'strength may serve two military pur- poses, officers believe: the Re- serve squadrons and personnel may free regular units in this country for service overseas, and they will provide an initial augmenting of the number of aircraft available, a particularly important element in a con- ventional and nonatomic war where numbers of aircraft are ifar more important than in a I nuclear war. CONTINUED NEXT PAGE Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 � PANIRRIJOH...CONT ID equipped with variovs ons and all kinds of equip- ment necessary for espionage activitics into our coastal waters eff Wonsan in the vicinity ef 39 degrees 17 minutes North, 127 degrees 46 minutes East. The zrmcd spy chip of the United States imperialist ag- gressive navy intruded further eart into our coastal waters and committed intolerable provocations against our side. Our naval vessels, which were carrying out their rou- tine patrol duty in our coastal waters, returned the fire upon the piratical group that in- truded deep into our coastal waters and insolently made resistance, thus killing and wounding several soldiers of the United States imperialist aggressive army, capturing 80-odd of them alive. Thus, now in our nanas are the armed spy ship, 1,000-odd tons of the United States im- perialist aggressive navy which your side deliberately dispatched into our coastal waters for reconnaissance upon our side and scores of small arms, including anti- aircraft machine guns and other large quantities of' weapons and equipment nec- essary for espionage pur- poses, including tens of thou- sands of ammunition of vari- ous kinds and hand grenades equipped an the ship. Notwithstanding that you have committed overt aggres- sive acts, you have indulged in making charges in an at- � tempt to cover up the truth of your piratical act by dis- torting the facts as if your armed ship had been in inter- national waters. -Charge Is 'Preposterous' Your preposterous charge only graphically reveals the " barbarous and shameless na- ture of the United States imperialist aggressors. The recent vicious hostile act by your side is a link in the chain of the, United States imperialist aggressive policy for provoking a new war of aggression after further ag- gravating tension in Korea. It is the most overt aggres- sive act, an open challenge to the Korean people. I strongly demand you to frankly admit the violations, provocations and aggressive acts committed by your side in the DM7 and in our coastal waters, to apologize to our side for them, to sever* punish as required by the armistice agreement the mad culprits who organized and commanded the incidents and all the criminals involved in them. Reply by Admiral Smith Your last wild statement and distorted version of your piracy off Wonsan were ob- viously intended to divert at- tention from your regime's attempt to assassinate the President of the Republic of Korea and your actual cap- ture of a United States naval vessel in international waters. I will investigate any reason- able allegations but I will not be diverted by your tactic. I have nothing further. RIv Rv Ceneral Pak 1IL�UP CORM) Yesterday's orders 'affected about one-seventh of the Air National Guard's total strength � about 1,557 additional air- craft and 74,418 men remain in reserve status. The Naval Air Reserve could provide an additional 194 squadrons; only six have been called up. The Air Reserve still has 312 planes. Most of these units:kowever, have old equipment and many of them would require con- siderable refresher training. Ground elements of the Na- tional Guard and the Reserve are not nearly as ready as the air components. These units are now in the midst of an- other of the periodic reorgani- zations that have occurred and recurred in the last six years, and only a few brigades are adequately trained and equipped for deployment without a long period of training on active duty. The Fourth Marine Division, a reserve unit, is probably the best equipped and most ready of all reserve ground units:. it maintains a mobilization cadre on active duty at Camp Pendle- ton in California. It is short of some items of equipment, and its air and helicopter support are deficient, but it could be ready for action quickly. Of the regular active units, the Army's 82d Airbome Divi- sion at Fort Bragg, N. C., has � :a higher state of readiness than lany other unit in this country. The Second Marine Division at Camp Lejeune, N. C., "can go fight," as one officer put it, ibut "they're down"; they have !served as a kind of "depot division" for Vietnam. Two armored divisions in Texas and the Fifth Infantry Division (Mechanized) are in much the same category, Al- most two regiments of the Fifth Marine Division at Camp Pen- dleton are in pretty good shape, and there are smaller units of various types around the country that could be brought up to strength fairly quickly. The experience level�par- ticularly in officers and non- coms�and the logistical and support the Seventh Army in Germany have dropped appre- ciably since the start of the Vietnam fighting. In Korea, the Second and Seventh Infantry Divisions are short of -helicop- ters, some signal equipment and other items. Don't wag your tongue at random at this table after proof of a 'Most overt and vicious provocation and the aggressive acts committed by your side in the DMZ and in our coastal waters has been exposed to the whole world. If your side has any slight- est intention to preserve the Korean armistice, don't ride roughshod but draw due les- sons from . . . the doom of a large armed spy ship which was captured recently by our side while sneaking into our coastal waters. When the real state of your serious crime has been exposed to the world, all you have to do is to admit military provocaL tions and aggressive acts committed by your side, apologize ,for them, and as- sure this table that you will not recommit Such criminal acts. NDit TTh � 26 JANUARY 1968 Text a Order on Call-up Special to The 5e� York Ilmes WASHINGTON, Jan. 25�Fol- lowing is the text of President Johnson's executive order ceil- ing Isp Air Reserve units to active duty. The locations of the units have been added in brackets. EXECUTIVE ORDER No. 11392 Ordering Certain Units of the Ready Reserve of the Naval Reserve, Air Force Reserve and Air National Guard of the United States to Active Duty. By virtue of the authority vested in me by Paragraph (E) of Title 1 of the Depart- ment of Defense Appropria- tion Act, 1967 (80 Stat. 981), and as President of the United States, I hereby order the following, units of the Ready Reserve of the Naval Reserve, the Air Force Re- serve and the Air National Guard of the United States to active duty for a period of not to exceed 24 months: (1) 113th Tactical Fighter Wing, Air National Guard of the United States. [Washington, D.C.] (2) 113th Tactical Fighter Group, Air National . Guard of the United States. [Washington, D.C.] (3) 177th Tactical Fighter Group, Air National Guard of the United States. [Atlantic City, N. J.] (4) 107th Tactical Fighter Group, Air National Guard of the United 'States. [Niagara Falls, N.Y.]. (5) 121st Tactical Fighter Group, Air National Guard of the United States. [Lockboume, Ohio.] (6) 140th Wing, Guard States. (7) 140th Group, Guard States. (8) 184th Group, Guard States. (9) 185th Group, Guard -States. Iowa.] Tactical Fighter Air National of the United [Denver, Colo.] Tactical Fighter Air National of the United [Denver, Colo.] Tactical Fighter Air National of the United (Wichita, Ran.] Tactical Fighter Air National of the Unite. [Sioux Cit., � (10) 150th Tactical Fighter Group, Air National Guard of the United States. [Albuquerque, N. M.] (11) 123d Tactical Recon- naissance Wing, Air Na- tional Guard of the United States. [Louis- ville, Ky.] (12) I23d Tactical Reconnais- sance Group, Air Na- tional Guard of the United states. [Louis- ville, Ky.] (13) 189th Tactical Recon- naissance Group, Air Na- tional Guard of the United States . [Little � Rock, Ark] (14) 152d Tactical Recon- naissance Group, Air Na- tional Guard of the United States. [Reno, Nev.] (15) 445th Military Airlift Wing, Air Force Reserve. [Dobbins Air Force Base, Marietta, Ga.] (16) 918th Military Airlift Group, Air Force Reserve. [Dobbins Air Force Base, Marietta, Ga.] (17) 904th Military Airlift Group, Air Force Reserve. [Stewart Air Force Base, Newburgh, N. Y.] (18) 305th Air Reserve Res- cue Squadron, Air Force Reserve. [Selfridge Air Force Base, Mount Clem- ens, Mich.] (19) 349th Military Airlift Wing, Air Force Reserve. [Hamilton Air Force Base, � San Rafael, Calif.] (20) 938th Military Airlift Group, Air Force Reserve. (Hamilton Air Force Base, San Rafael. Calif.] (21) 921st Military Airlift Group, Air Force Reserve. [Kelly Air Force Base, San Antonio, Tex.] (22) 941st Military Airlift Group, Air Force Reserve. [McChord Air Force Base, Tacoma, Wash.] (23) Attack Squadron VA 776, � Naval Reserve. [Los Ala- mito, Calif.] (24) Attack SquadrOn VA 831, Naval Reserve. [New York City.] (25) Attack Squadron VA 873, Naval Reserve. [Alameda, Calif.] (26) Fighter Squadron VF 661, Naval Reserve. [Washing- ton, D. C.] ,(27) Fighter Squadron VF 703, Naval Reserve. [Dallas, Tex.] (28) Fighter Squadron VF 931, Nava rlRaeserre. Grove, NEWSWEEK � 29 JOUARY 1968 (26) COOLING THE NL/CAR ARMS RACE The Atomic Energy Cpnunission is closing two more plutonium reactors in February�one at Hanford near Richland, Wash., and the other on the Savannah River near Aiken, S.C. The shut- downs continue a trend caused by the leveling- off of the US. nuclear-bomb stockpile and the reduction in the size of the bombs themselves. The big 25-megaton warheads have been dis- mantled in favor of 10-megaton and 1-megaton sizes, and even smaller bombs arc on the way ... U.S. defense officials have taken another step to cool off the nuclear arms race. They let word get out that the advanced Minuteman-3 ICBM, which will carry multiple warheads, will be de- layed in its initial operational capability or de- Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 � � NEW YORK TIMM � 26 JANUARY ]96E Force at Khesanh forced apparently b3. the 304th The largest battle 01 the war� in Vietnam appeared to he Mi. pending yesterday around Khe. th 'such and near e dennilita� ;rized zone. ' The .North Vietnamese have apparently concentrated the biggest single force they have yet assembled around the west- ern end of the 17th Parallel and in nearby Laos. Enemy artillery and mortar positions have been prepared within range of United States Marine positions. and heavy shelling has begun. It .....its clear that Gee. Vo Nguyen Clap, the North Vietnamese Defense Min- ister, tr.,�ing to repeat his h 1954 victory against the Frenc at Dienbienphu in the hope of forcing negotiations on Hanoi's terms. The exact strength of the enemy reinforcements massing near Khesanh and the nearby Marine position known as the Rockpile. near the western end of the demilitarized zone, is not known. but yesterday Ma- rine spokesmen estimated that the enemy had concrntrated 35.000 'nen within 11) to 20 miles of khesanh. Before the build-tip, the main force�organized and uni� formed enemy units�in the five northern prOVincro totaled about 50 maneuver battalions, or 33,000 men, including enemy units astride the, buffer zone. They are supported in the whole region�known as the 1 Corps area�by 17.000 to 18,000 guerrillas. There were eletnents of North Vietnam's Divisions 324B and 325C near the zone, plus seven or eight separate battal- ions, their strength estimated at 17,000 men. This force has been rein. Division and by several rrei� ments of the 341st Division. to a total of 40,000 or 45,000 men. These troops are supported by 100 or 150 guns, including 100-mm., 122-mm., 130-mm. and 132.inm. pieces, and by many mortars. These weapons, with many alternate firing po- sitions. are normally well dug in and expertly camouflaged. Some are in the demilitarized zone north of the 17th Parallel and in Laos. At least one surface-to-air- missile site has been prepared just north Cl' the zone, and three or four launchers are in- termittently moved into it. Anti- aircraft fire is also provided by about five radar-controlled 85. nun, guns in the area of the zone, and by many light auto- matic guns, ranging in size front 12.7-mm. to 57-mm. United States forces have progressively shifted their strength northward to meet the heavy enemy concentrations. Recently, the First Marine Divi- sion, operating in an area reaching well south of Danang, shifted its lines northward to take over some of the area of the Third Marine Division, About 6,000 South Korean marines, in a brigade of four battalions, shifted their area of responsibility northward from Chulai to relieve the First Ma- rine Division. In turn, the Third Marine Division, responsible for the de- fense of the demiliterized zone, shifted nearly all of its strength into Quangtri Province, adja- cent to the zone. with support- ing elements in Quangnam, just south of Quangtri. A brigade of the Army's First Cavalry Division (Airmo- bile) has been moved northward NEW YORK TIMES � 26 Washington: By JAMES RlisTON WASH iNGTON. its. 23 � There is an air of crisis in the capital these days. The talk is it a hank,. War and macho IWC.11 .4 more wte- Jiver the capture of the U.S.S. Pueblo in North Korea., but the anxious talk and tilt" big headlines could easily he misleading. II is not the strategic picture in Asia that is changing but the Administration itself. On the basis of the intelligence re- ports so far, there is no evi- dence that the Communists are trying to open up a "second front" in Korea. On the basis of reliable reports from knowl- edgeable officials, there is no basic change in the Govern- ment's plans for continuing the war as before. Reserves' Call-Up The call-up of 14.600 Air Reserves and Naval and Air Support units' is not necessary to deal with the Pueblo inci- dent. The call-up may be useful in supporting our diplomatic efforts to get the ship and its 83-man crew released, but the Administration has been under pressure to call these reserves for Vietnam, and that is where they are likely to be used in the end. Nevertheless, the optimism JANUARY 1968 An Air of Cris' or the Pre-Christmas period is � now g:ving way in uneasiness for a micty of reasons. The enemy is obviously building up for a major assault on the U.S. Marine base at Khesanh near the demilitarized zone, and apparently has managed in bring up some large artillery guns for the purpose. The ex- pectation here is that this may produce the biggest battle of the war in about a week, right after the Tct truer. In addition, the crash of an Air Force plane in Greenland with four 1-1-bombs aboard, the pressure on the dollar and the U.S. balance of payments abroad, the announcement that the British are pulling out of Malaysia and the Persian Gulf �all these in recent days have made people aware of the com- plexity and danger of Ameri- ca's military and. economic problems across the globe. None of these events has changed anything fundamen- tally, but they have made an edgy capital conscious of the possibilities of change. What if the Communists were bringing up new and longer-range weap- ons into the battle? What if they did create new diversion- ary guerrilla fronts along the vast Communist borderland from North Korea, through Laos, and Afghanistan to the to Phubai as a general reserve. Thus in all of the I Corps area, there :ire 137,900 allied troops, including 34 battalions of the South Vietnamese Army plus militia units with 55.00.0 men, and other military forces: 21 United States Marine bat- talions. including 2 aboard ships of the Seventh Fleet: ISru- mor,. United States Army hal� talkins, and a brigade of 4 hattalionS of Korean marines. Of this total, about 10 Unit� el States Marine �battalions, plus man' supporting units� mtaling 2.0,000 marines�are in Quangtri Province. The headquarters of the 20t1, Marine Regiment is dug in near Ehesanh, a western flank position iif the demilitarized zone's defenses. 7 miles from the Laotian border and IR stiles south of the zone. The Marines hold three key hills around � Khesanh � 991 North, 881 South and 861. designated according to their heights in meters. The hills command the valley approach from Laos along Route 9. At least 5,000 to 6,000 ma- rines man positions in the Khesanh area. Others, along v.,ith the South Vietnamese First Division, hold positions extending along Route 9 and to the North of it, east and west. of Route 1 and along Route 561 between Camlo and Conthien. The positions extend from the sea at the Cua Viet to Giolinh, Dongha, Conthien and Camlo, and then to Khesanh, the Rock- pile, Camp Carroll and Langvei, the site of an allied camp two miles from the Laotian border. The headquarters of the ;Third Marine Division are at ,Dongha, where officers control lthe heavy fires that support the forward Marine posts. Dongha. is within artillery range of en- emy guns north of the 17th Parallel, so an alternate land- ing strip and supply point have been built near Quangtri to the Persian Gulf and the Niediter- rancan? 11 is the fear'of the of otort. attacks and new long- er.range weapons, rather tlenn actual evidence of new rnonly plans on other fronts that toe. tributes to the uncertainiy of the moment. Also the Jottnson Adminstra- lion is itself being transformed. In the last few weeks, the President has TCCI..Ved the resig- nations of Secretary of Defense McNatnara, Secretary of Health. Education and Welfare John Gardner, and the ;leads of lily Bureau of the Budget. Charles L. Schultze, and the Council of Economic Advisers, Gardner Ackley. There are persistent rumors that these will he fol- lowed before long by Secretary of the Treasury Henry H. Fowler, and the Secretary of the Interior Stewart Udall. The loss of McNamara, Gard- ner and Schultze, all wide-mind- ed, objective and highly com- petent men, has not done any- thing to reassure the Capital. These are all non-political offi- cials, who have had their doubts about the Administration's pri- orities or lack thereof, and while they have given up their key jobs quietly, the Capital cannot quite believe that their stated reasons for leaving told the whole story. Anyway, whatever the tea- 3-F smith along Highway .1. The fire support available to th,.. Third Marine Division 'rob- .,b'y the heaviest ,..,ncemrati�n ef artillery and an rapport ol fiii war in Viet- nam. In addition to the ma- itivi.arnal artillery and tank guns. ranging upward (ion, Ow Third Marine Division. is �tmptirted by 3.000 Army men, nos, of them ar- tiller:, men organized in the ['ONO] Artilicr!.� Group. Most of the strength of this group sup- ponts the area of the demili- tari.",x1 zone. This groin, opisrate; two bat- talions plus two extra batteries guns. totaling 32 eons, one battery id four 9- inch howitzers: u uni battalions 155-mm. howitzers with 36 eties: six Wit:ikons of I05-mm. howitzers with 109 guns: two batteries of "Ouad 50's," or tracked vehicles carrying four .50-calibre machine guns apiece, and four batteries of "Dusters," tracked vehicles with twin 40-nnon, guns. lit all, sonic 2.itip major guns are firing, and there is naval support from 5-inch .39.caliber, 3-inch .54-calibcr and 9-inch guns. In addition most planes of the First Marine Air wine. based arc,und Darning, are tivailablc for support. The wing numbers almost 16,000 turn and is the largest in the Marine Corps. It flies many different types if air- craft, iel luding jet fighter- bombers and helicopters, trans- ports and cargo planes. spotter aircraft and utility planes. 'This is a formidable force, but the enemy has the advan- tages of numbers, and of sanc- tuaries in Laos and in North Vietnam. And in this area, un- like any other in South Viet- nam, he can be supported by artillery across the frontier or north of the 17th Parallel. not going be- cat's, Cie Administration is on the '..,:egt� of ominous new poli- cies they do not like. The tone ,if the is clearly politcai than it was just a few weeks ago, and being nine, poli tlt al. ii sounds more Clifford's Testimony That wins obvious in the ten- Ii' Clark Clifford, Mc- Noinara's replacement at the Pentagon. on Capitol Hill tb- day.. He look the hard line on :Ito bombing of North Vietnain, Where McNamara talked about "pant:. -- of nuclear weapons ' with th, Soviet. Cliffoid wanted "s a premacy." Where McNamara had his doubts about nuclear powered surface ships, Clifford seemed to he for them. Where McNamara fought against a new family nf g bombers to replace tile B-5% Chtford was sympathetic to the idea, and he was determined ro stay in Vietnam until the Sal-. gun Government was sure ..of maintaining itself against Corn- monist pressure. which prob- ably means indefinitely. All this pleased the ArtnO Services Committee members, but it did nothing to reassuee a capital that has absorbed teo many changes and accidents and threats for comfort sinee the beginning of the new yedi. Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 WASIIPGTON PCST � 26 JANUARY 1968 gip Soviet reaction RAtrained Soviet dilute the American focus on By Anatole Slush Wishing-ton Post Foreign Service MOSCOW, Jan. 25 � Soviet commentators today compared the Pueblo affair to the Ton- kin Gulf incident of August. 1964, which brought on the first American bombing of North Vietnam. They also linked the adventures of the spy ship to both the B-52 crash in Greenland and events in Southeast Asia as evidence of Washington's "provocative" and "dangerous" course. Soviet press comment was on the whole restrained, con- sisting mainly of relaying facts and opinions from The Washington Post, New York Times and other Western newspapers and press agen- cies. The press appeared to be half a day behind events, which is not unusual here, and offered little evidence that the Soviet leaders have yet. banded down a firm line on the. Thus, tonight's lzvestia left! it to New York correspondent! S. Kondrashov to compare the; "highly strung, nervous atmos-. phere" in Washington to the time of the attack on the U.S. i destroyer Maddox in the Ton-! kin Gulf. Tass, in a long account by ; Moscow commentator Igor Orlov, eoncentrated on the "angry reaction of world opin- ion," recalled the U-2 case and similar spy incidents, and said the Pueblo affair "should be taken together" with "the in- vasion of neutral Cambodia by American troops" and the B-52 accident. Intense Interest While Soviet media showed no signs of attempting to fan a crisis atmosphere, Moscow observers had little doubt of the Kremlin's intense interest in the outcome of the affair. The Soviet Union is linked to North Korea by a mutual se- curity treaty, and North Korea has in recent months played a key role in Soviet maneuvers within the world Communist movement. , The Soviet-North Korean treaty, signed in .1961 and valid until 1971, declares that If one of the parties "is ex- posed- to an armed attack" the other pasty "will immediately render military assistance with the help of all the means at its disposal." Within the world Commu- nist movement, the North Ko- reans had been considered pro-Chinese until Peking launched its Cultural Revolu- tion in July, 1966. Patient wooing by the Soviet Union since that time, and particu- larly in recent months, has brought fair results. Friendship North Korea was � repre- sented, although not at sum-' mit level, at Moscow's 50th an- niversary celebrations last No- vember. The Soviet leaders' have also gone to considerable � lengths in the hope of obtain- ing North Korean participa- tion in next month's Budapest international communist "con- sultative meeting" and in the big world conference that the Russians hope will follow: For example, the Soviet leaders deliberately renounced any hope of Yugoslav partici- pation in those meetings largely because that would make North Korean attend- ance impossible, The North Koreans still resent Yogosla- via's support for the United; Nations effort in the Korean; war (which coincided with thel Stalin-Tito conflict), and duni tog their long pro-Chinese; phase they firmly condemned! Yogoslav "revisionism." Still another price the Sol viet Union appears to havei paid for partly weaning North! Korea away from China has. been a muting of Russia's dia- logue with Japan. There havei been numerous indications, since last summer that move- ment toward a big Soviet-Japa nese deal � possibly including! a peace treaty, return of some: small islands to Japan, and major Japanese investments! in Siberia � has been slowed! down partly to appease North! Korea, which is involved m several disputes with the Japa- nese. Moscow Follows These and other signs of North Korea's special place in Soviet calculations appear to indicate that Moscow is in- clined to follow, rather than lead. Pyongyang in the Pueblo incident. That was the case on � Tuesday, when Soviet Deputy Foreign Minister Vassily Kuz- netsov told American Ambas- sador Llewellyn Thompson; that Moscow would not inter-I cede with Pyongyang, and that the United States should ad-, dress its inquiries directly to j the North Koreans. This state of affairs could be, promising or dangerous, de-' pending on the North Koreans! and the United States. Should the North Koreans devise a face-saving compro- mise, such as 'keeping the' 'Pueblo while releasing its crew, the Soviet Union would certainly be among the first to applaud. But should honor and pride in Pyongyang and Wash- ington bring on � a second Ko- rean war, the Soviet Union, a thermonuclear power, bound by treaty .and .a common fron- tier to North Korea, would be placed in a much more diffi- cult position than by the con- flict in Vietnam. I News agencies reported these foreign reactions to the ; Pueblo seizure and related events: The . et news agency -Tass termed the U.S. cation ,of 14,600 reserve airmen a � "threatening act." j British Prime Minister Wil- son, just -back from an official 'visit to Moscow, said the Unit- ed States did not ask him to 'discuss the incident while he was there. "St did not seem :appropriate to raise rt and I had not been asked to do so," toitson said. London's Foreign Office "de- plored" the ship's seizure and I said it was convinced the Pueb-1 lo had been in international l� waters. The Times of London,' while declaring that there was I no legal justification for the: capture, cautioned that "there should be no reason in prin- ciple why the seizure . . . should lead to a males- inter- national crisis." There was still no official French comment on the inci- dent. The consensus in the press was that North Korea's action was a deliberate provo- cation as part of an effort to PHILADELPHIA INQUIRER 26 JANUARY 1968 Wife Doubts It Taped Voice Bucher's? Special to The inquirer And Los Angeles Times SAN DIEGO, Calif., Jan. 25.� The wife of the Navy commander who allegedly told his North Ko- rean captors that the spy ship Pueblo was on a secret mission for the Central Intelligence Agen- cy-heard the tape of her hus- band's confession Thursday and said the voice did not seem to be his. -I'm not sure that that is my husband's voice," Mrs. Rose Bucher said as she listened to the the tape for the first time. "It doesn't sound like my husband." That was her only response when asked whether Cmdr. Lloyd Bucher, skipper of the ship that was captured in the open sea off North Korea', would be likely to confess under pressure. , Although Mrs. Bucher remain- led outwardly calm during the first of many interviews, she be- gan weeping, and friends reveal- ed that she had been examined by !Navy, doctors. after she became !ill during the night. Vietnam, Donlad Louchheim of ' The Washington. Post. reported from, Paris. There was -muted press criticism of fret d pSitit. t in sfuocrhaallosvivtiunag lion. Nowhere was there was there . any support for an American-military reaction. The Vatican newspaper L'Osservatore Romano called for "prudence and sincerity." and warned that the Korean incident and the Vietnam fighting" were further compli- cating the situation in South- east Asia. : The official North Viet' namese newspaper Nhan Dan !called the capture of the Pueblo a "fitting lesson" to U.S. "warmongers." Under the headline "U.S. provoca- teurs caught red-handed in 'Korea," the newspaper con- demned the American "bally- hoo" over the incident and ac- cused the United States of sending spy ships into Korean waters many times and of thousands of shellings and in- trusions into North Korea. WASHINGTON STAR 25 JANUARY 1968(26) A 'Think Tank' For Congress? � By the Associated Press Rep. Ogden R. Reid, R-N.Y., says he thinks Congress needs a "think tank." He introduced a bill yester- day to create a congressional center for study of domestic and international policy. The meas- ure would earmark $115 mil- lion for the center, which would bring together scholars and re- searchers from throughout the country. Reid said, "Congress must have the capacity to initiate policy rather than merely eval- uate and implement that pro- posed by the executive branch. And to do so, our research must be both independent and crea- tive." ! Mrs. Bucher, with her sons, :Mark, 15,- and Michael, 13, has been living in an apartment hotel here since November, when Bucher shipped out an the Pueblo. He was expected to re- turn in April. ARMY TIMES � 24 JANUARY 1968 (26) � 'Teti Many Lawyers' Foul M-16 Report A SPECIAL House Armed Services Subcommittee lashed out at the Army's handling of the M-16 rifle program and criticized the performance of the weapon in a mid-October report. So tar- there's been no off,cial Army comment on the document. Pentagon aides claim there're "too many lawyers" in the Defense Department who appear more interested in how the answer should be Phrased rather than the sub,stanee of the response. One criticism which particularly bugs Army leaders is the subcom- mittee contention the Army, is guilty of criminal negligence in the handling of the hf-lI3 effort. 4�F Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 President Johnson took a If dij.lornatie efforts fail en. classic step up the escalation tirely � and it is not yet clear ladder today in his efforts to that they are going to fail � the impress upon the North Koreans theory of escalation would call his intention Co get the USS for the application of military Pueblo and her crew returned, pressure in small increments. 11111. WASHINGTON STAR, 25 3anuary.68 (26) Johnson Takes a Step 'Up Escalation Ladder short range for the ship's jet By ORR KELLY aircraft; but far enough cut to niar SOU Writer give the ships great flexibility. The call-up of 14,600 Air simply be a, such might sim Force, Navy and Air National One 0. force�positioning1� T the Guard reservists was almost '"'" Enterprise visibly in interne- identically the same as Presi- tioal waters off the port of Won- san. for example. the Cuban missile crisis in 1962. Another might be an action The call-up�the first move in a wide range of military matched to that of the North Koreans�perhaps the seizure of steps available to the Presi- dent�was undoubtedly design- one of their boats. This kind of ed to reinforce Johnson's diplo- action could not be matched ex- matic efforts to get the ship actly to the North Korean action back because their navy doesn't have In testimony before the Sen- any ships as large as the Pueblo ate Armed Services Committee �an illustration of the difficul- today, Clark M. Clifford, the ties a ''superpower" has in deal- Presidentls choice as new sec- ing with a very small nation. retary of defense, emphasized Slightly higher up the scale that most of the military Sc- Tight be the destruction of some r tions which have been suggest- ecce of North Korean property ed in connection with the Pueb- of the approximate value of the Pueblo. A coastal radar station tee the safe return of the cap- lo incident would not guaran- might be shelled, for example. Extremely unlikely in these tured crewmen thus emphasiz- early steps would be any effort log the importance of diplomat- ic efforts, to send Navy or Marine units If the initial diplomatic ef- into the port of Wonsan to take back the ship by force � espe- forts fail, however, the Presi- dent has other military options cially while the North Koreans e the Pueblo's crew metes- pressure might be used to bring a pressure on the North Koreans and their allies. In the last few years, both civilians like Dr. Herman Kahn, the author of a number of stud- ies of escalation, and military leaders like Gen. Maxwell Tay- lor, who developed the policy of "flexible response," have writ- ten volumes on the options the President has in reacting to al- most any emergency. These studies, now thoroughly incorporated into the Pentagon's basic milker, strategy, are un- doubtedly being relied upon as the President, his civilian advisers and the Joint Chiefs of Staff try to devise a method for getting the ship and crew back with the least possible difficulty. In Kahn's studies, the seizure of a ship in international waters ranks very high up the scale of military escalation. But the situ- ation would obviously be vastly more grave if the seizure had been undertaken by the Soviet Union rather than one of the smallest nations in the Commu- nist bloc. Before today's announcement and the further hint that some ground forces may be called to active duty, the U.S. already climbed a significant number of rungs up the ladder of escala- tion. It moved both diplo- maitcally�with apparently un- successful attempts to enlist the aid of the Soviet Union�and militarily, with the dispatch of a nuclear task force headed by the carrier U.S.S. Enterprise to the Sea of Japan. This force is reported now about 200 miles off the Korean coast. This is bers as hostages. Under the theory of escalation, these steps should be taken quite rapidly, with a pause after each step to see if the North Koreans are ready to give the ship tack, In tkeory, the North Koreans should be made to believe that the U.S. is prepared to use all necessary force to get the ship back�even eventual use of nu- clear weapons. If they really be- lieve this, the theory goes, they will accede to the U.S. demands at a low point on the escalation ladder rather than at a high. point. One of the most awkward diffi- culties facing Johnson and his. advisers is that the North Ko-� reans might not believe the U.S. is willing to risk war over one little boat�and it might re- quire a number of steps up the escalation ladder before they be- come "believers." Johnson's options and those of military commanders in the field were severely limited at the very beginning of the Pueblo incident because no one appar- ently realized in time that the harrassment of the Pueblo by North Korean patrol boats � something that happens fre- quently in many parts of the world � would suddenly turn into a seizure. Whether or not someone in the military chain of command could have gotten effective help to Cmdr, Lloyd M. Bucher, skipper of the Pueblo, after he saw that he was about to be � PHILADELPHIL BULL. 25 January 68 (26) Answers Leaking Out On Reasons for Seizure By DREW PEARSON and JACK ANDERSON Washington�There is no ship in the U. S. Navy which the Defense Department would have less liked to have fall into enemy hands than the Pueblo, crammed as it was with sophis- ticated electronic devices. The reasons why nearby U. S. planes and ships did not come to its rescue, or why Commander Lloyd M. Bucher surrendered without a struggle, or without scuttling her, are now under intensive, indignant investigation. The last time an American commander gave up his ship without a fight he was court-martialed. The -ship was the Chesapeake in 1812. Reasons for Incident Some of the reasons for the incident can now be disclosed: �The commander did not call for help because he thought the North Koreans were bluffing. He didn't dream there would be a Communist seizure of an American naval vessel in inter- national waters, so didn't take the warning seriously. Actually, there were two hours. in which he. could have called for help, and there were about a hundred. Air Force fighters and fighter bombers in both South Korea and Japan which could have responded at a moment's notice. Bucher did not finally scuttle the ship when he saw the North Koreans coming alongside with boarded and called for help has not been answered. But Pentagon officials who de- clined to be quoted by name said that even if properly armed fighter planes had been close enough to have gone to the aid of the Pueblo, a number of other factors would have been consid- ered. These include weather, the amount of remaining daylight, the position of the ship at the time help arrived, and, especial- ly, potential enemy reaction. The decision not to go to the aid of the Pueblo was made somewhere in the military chain of command short of Washing- ton, these Pentagon officials said. But they did not say how high up the chain that decision was made. The incident began abgut 10 p.m. Washington time Monday. Pentagon officials said Bucher did not request help until 11:45 p.m. when the North Koreans moved to board the Pueblo. Thus, by the time President Johnson, Secretary of State Dean Rusk and Defense Secre- tary Robert S. McNamara were awakened between 12:23 and 2 a.m. Tuesday, the Pueblo was already in North Korean hands. The question they faced � and still face � was not how to pre- vent the seizure of the vessel, but how to get her back again. 5-1' a patrol boat to board the Pueblo because he blew up elec- tronic equipment instead. Ap- parently he thought this was sufficient, although some of his superiors in Washington dis- agree. There has been no ex-1 planation of why he didn't drop! his anchor and 'foul his rudder. Looking for Subs �The Pueblo was off the Ko.1 rean Coast to locate Russian' nuclear submarines out of Via-: divostok. Russia has 350 sub- marines,- of which 40 are nu- clear, and we have refined de- vices which can not only locate them but tell what kind of ves- sels they are. Actually she was not 25 miles off the North Korean coast, as officials state, but 16 miles, which is four miles outside the I2-mile limit which North Korea claims. The United States does not recognize this limit. The Russian navy uses fish- ing trawlers to do exactly the same type of spying on our Polaris submarines as we do on them. Their trawlers are lo- cated off the Florida coast. where they watch missiles fired from Cape Kennedy; off Rota, the big U. S. naval base in Spain: Holy Loch, the American base in Scotland; and off Guam in the mid-Pacific. Both the Soviet and the Amer- ican strategy is to try to locate nuclear submarines which nor- mally lie for about 30 days at a time off the potential enemy's coast. Limitation on Subs The Polaris missiles on our nuclear submarines and the mis- siles on the Russian submarines must be calibrated, before they leave port, in order to hit cer- tain targets on land, It is im- possible to change the calibra- tion after a submarine starts its cruise. Therefore the missiles must be fired after the sub reaches certain exact spots un- der the ocean where it lies on* guard for periods of about 30 days. It is important for each nation, therefore, in its game of submarine hide-and-seek, to lo- cate these spots, in which case the sub could be knocked out of commission the minute war breaks. �The reason for seizing the Pueblo was the North Korean policy, which it has urged on other Communist nations, of diversionary tactics. North Ko- rean Premier. Kim II-Sung has argued that the best way to help the North Vietnamese is to di- vert American worry to prob- lems elsewhere in the world. To this end North Korea has insti- gated well over 500 incidents along the border between North and South Korea during 1967 alone�an increase of about 500 - p'ercent over 1966. "All the Socialist countries should form the broadest pos- sible anti-American united front," said Premier Kim last CONTINUED NEXT PAGE Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 � CAAN VENCE MONITOR, 26 January -ecret equipment on Pueblo destroyed? By licorge W. Ashworth � The capture of the USS Pueblo by North Korean patrol craft could be of long-range d a ma ge to the United States intelhgenee effort. The captain, Comdr. Lloyd M. Bucher. re- ported that he had untiurtn:ien the destruc- tion of secret material and equipment aboard the craft. It was not known. however, just how successful that effort was. What remains could bu of substantial in- terest to Communist-bloc ilut;ons. Portions of the ship of potential intyrest could not be destroyed. .And careful study of the de- bris from the area of destruction well may be useful, sources here agree. It is significant that many of the crew members of the Pueblo have high security clearances which might preclude their pres- ence in West Berlin or other areas near Communist-bloc nations. Nov:, through seiz- ure, they are all available to Communist a gent s. Korean front flares Many observers believe the capture of the crew members could be a greater loss, in terms of the intelligence effort, than the rapture of the ship off the North Korean city of Wonsan. Sources here agree that the longer the North Koreans have the Pueblo and its crow in hand the greater is the potential loss. As tension continued following the seizure of the Pueblo, North Koreans attempted to break through the American sector of the Korean front. Eight United States soldiers were wounded. Communist infiltrators also attacked a watchtower just south of the demilitarized zone with hand grenades but caused no dam- age, according to United States Army spokesmen. All the infiltrators were re- pulsed. Soviet armaments studied Foreign Minister Kyu-Ha Choi announced that South Korea would send a note to United Nations Secretary-General U Thant condemning the provocative actions by North Korea as a violation of the Korean armistice agreement. The United States learned a great deal about Soviet equipment in the aftermath of the Arab-Israeli war when captured arma- ments were given a close scrutiny by United Slates officers. 418 The Pueblo incident could provide the Communist bloc v ith an opportunity to learn nearly as much as the United States did last summer but in the more crucial and sensi- tive area of electronic detection. This was the second time within a year that a United Slates intelligence-collection vessel has been attacked. Last June the Liberty. a similar American "spy" ship, was attacked and heavily damaged by Israelis in the Mediterranean during the Egypt-Israel confrontation. The situation is far different now. If the destruction effort was not completely suc- cessful and if the Pueblo is kept for any great length of time, the Communist bloc stands to know far more than most informed Americans do about intelligence vessels. Presumably, the Communist blocs would have experts available to inspect the ship. This would mean that they would know well what they were looking at. As a result, the Communist nations would be able to assess United States sophistication and capabilities in naval-intelligence-gathering methods. Both the Soviets and the United States operate large intelligence-gathering opera- tions. The United States has three ships the size of the Pueblo and five similar to the Liberty. Liberty, Pueblo compared Sources here say there are several essen- tial differences between the Liberty and the Pueblo in terms of capability and mis- sion. The Liberty has a large number of ana- lysts aboard to assess the information gath- ered. whereas much of the information gar- nered by the Pueblo is sent on to higher headquarters and to Washington for study. Apparently, the Liberty is capable of a more comprehensive effort than the much smaller Pueblo. But they are assigned somewhat different tasks. The Pueblo is able to check carefully the movements of ships within a range of per- haps 50 miles around. Its sophisticated equipment is able to tell just from the sounds what kind of ship is being monitored. The Pueblo apparently is equipped to eavesdrop on conversations on nearby land areas, as well as upon airplanes, surface ships, and submarines. Tape recording equipment is available to make records of material for later study and analysis. CHICAGO TRIBUNE, 26 January 1968 CALLS FRENCH NATO PULLOUT 'PREMATURE' PARIS, Jan. 25 'RD�Charles Bohlen, outgoing United States ambassador to France, today warned that France's military pullout from the North Atlantic Treaty organization may have been "wishful thinking" on that nations part because the Soviet Union may not have abandoned designs in Europe. "It is a little premature to assume that the detente of the last five years is permanent," Bohlen said in a farewell speech to members of the American business community in France. "I would like to see a few more signs that the Soviet Union is really interested in abandoning designs on reshap- ing Europe." He urged other European nations not to aban- don their defense policies "on wishful thinking," and noted that the United States in- tended to "act cautiously" con- cerning maintaining a defense posture in Europe. 6�F WASH.STAR 1/25 (26) Private Help . by commercial firmshad To Fix Army jar:d,illifgrn a ayLranra7:11:ta DREW FEARSON � Conttd month, "... and administer col- lective blows to the United States in all regions." Russia's Policy It is not believed that 'Moscow entirely shares this viewpoint, nor that it had any knowledge of North Korean plans to seize the Pueblo. � There is a clique in the Krem- lin, however, which is known to believe that the only way to pressure the United States into giving up the war in Vietnam is by applying pressure in other parts of the world, such as the Near East. The buildup of Rus- sian naval forces in the Medi- terranean, and the tremendous concentration of Soviet arms in Egypt and Syria. together with Russian moves to take over Britain's declining presence east of Suez, are believed to be part of this pressure strategy. With or without Kremlin ap- proval, it is believed there will be more diversionary tactics against the United States as the war in South Vietnam intensi- fies. Under discussion In the De- fense Department has been re- taliatory action against the Soviet Union. Among other things, the question of seizing Soviet trawlers off the Ameri- can coast has been proposed. Also under. discussion has been the strategy of asking General- issimo Franco, of Spain, who has plenty of Soviet electronic trawlers tying off Rota, to haul one of them into port. Franco, however, has recently been getting cozy with Moscow, and he might not make the move. Different Mission The Pueblo was a different kind of ship than the Liberty, badly battered, with 31 men killed, by Israel patrol boats and fighter planes last June. The Liberty. operated by the National Security Agency, was lying mere than 15 miles off the Egyptian coast intercepting messages exchanged between Israeli forces and their corn- mend posts, and between Egyp- tian forces and their commands. �: Although Israelis claimed the attack on the Liberty was a .case :of mistaken identity, there was a deep suspicion in the Navy .1Department that the attack was .deliberate. ; The Pueblo was operated by ' the Navy itself, not the National Security Ageerv. art' was rnt engaged in intercepting mes- sages. Planes Urged The Army has issued an "ur- gent" request to commercial firms to help in the job of re- pairing and maintaining the growing Army fleet of airplanes and helicopters. The request was issued by the Army Aviation Material Com- mand in St. Louis, Mo. Cal. Clifton 0. Duty, director of procurement and production for the command, said in a tele- phone interview that the amount of such work done for the army million at the end of 1967. The need for more commer- cial help, Duty said, � is caused both by the growing numbers of army aircraft and by the wear and tear and battle damage in Vietnam. For some extensive repair work. Duty said, it is necessary to bring the aircraft back to the 'United States where heavy ma- chine tools are available. Duty said that by the end of next year he eXpects more than half of the army's repair and 'maintenance to be farmed out to 'private concerns. Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 President Johnson took a classic step up the escalation ladder today in his efforts to impress upon the North Koreans his intention to get the C;SS Pueblo and her crew returned. The call-up of 14,600 Air Force, Navy and Air National Guard reservists was almost identically the same as Presi- dent Kennedy's action during the Cuban missile crisis in 1962. The call-up--the first move in a wide range of military steps available to the Presi- dent�was undoubtedly design- ed to reinforce Johnson's diplo- matic efforts to get the ship back. � In testimony before the Sen- ' ate Armed Services Committee today, Clark M. Clifford, the President's choice as new sec- retary of defense, emphasized that most of the military ac- tions which have been suggest- ed in connection with the Pueb- lo incident would not guaran- tee the safe return of the cap- tured crewmen thus emphasiz- ing the importance of diplomat- ic efforts. If the initial diplomatic ef- forts fail, however, the Presi- dent has other military options that might be used to bring pressure on the North Koreans and their allies: In the last few years, both civilians like Dr. Herman Kahn, the author of a number of stud- ies of escalation, and military leaders like Gen. Maxwell Tay- lor, who developed the policy of "flexible response," have writ- ten volumes on the options the President has in reacting to al- most any emergency. These studies, now thoroughly incorporated into the Pentagon's basic militar, strategy, are un- doubtedly being relied upon as the President, his civilian advisers and the Joint Chiefs of Staff try to devise a method for getting the ship and crew back with the least possible- difficulty. In Kahn's studies, the seizure of a ship in international waters ranks very high up the scale of military escalation. But the situ- � ation would obviously be vastly more grave if the seizure had been undertaken by the Soviet Union rather than one of the smallest nations in the Commu- nist bloc. Before today's announcement and the further hint that some ground forces may be called to active duty. the U.S. already climbed a significant number of � rungs up the ladder of escala- tion. It moved both diplo- - maitcally�with apparently un- - successful attempts to enlist the aid of the Soviet Union�and - militarily, with the dispatch of a nuclear task force headed by the carrier U.S.S. Enterprise to the Sea of Japan. This force is reported now about 200 miles off the Korean coast. This is � WASHINGTON STAR, 25 January .8 ( 26 ) Johnson Takes a Step Up Escalation Ladder short range for the ship's jet By ORR KELLY aircraft; but f or enough out to star talf Writer give the ships great flexibility. If diplomatic efforts fail en- tirely � and it is not yet clear that they are going to fail � the Ulm,: of escalation would call for the application of military pressure in small increments. One such might simply be a show of force�positioning the Enterprise visibly in interne- tioal waters off the port of Won- san, for example, Another might be an action matched to that of the North Koreans�perhaps the seizure of one of their boats. This kind of action could not be matched ex- actly to the North Korean action because their navy doesn't have any ships as large as the Pueblo �an illustration of the difficul- ties a "superpower" has in deal- ing with a very small nation. Slightly higher up the scale might he the desteuction of some piece of North Korean property of the approximate value of the Pueblo. A coastal rear station might be shelled, for example. Extremely unlikely in these early steps would be any effort to send Navy or Marine units into the port of Wonsan to take blck the ship by force � cape. cially while the North Koreans have the Pueblo's crew mem- bers as hostages. Under the theory of escalation, these steps should be taken quite rapidly, with a pause after each step to see if the North Koreans are ready to give the ship tack. In tl,eory, the North Koreans should be made to believe that the V.S. is prepared to use all necessary force to get the ship back�even eventual use of nu- clear weapons. If they really be- lieve this, the theory goes, they will accede to the U.S. demands at a low point on the escalation ladder rather than at a high: point. One of the most awkward diffi- culties facing Johnson and his: advisers is that the North Ko- reans might not believe the U.S. is willing to risk war over one little boat�and it might re- quire a number of steps up the escalation ladder before they be- come "believers." . Johnson's options and those of military commanders in the field were severely limited at the very beginning of the Pueblo incident because no one appar- ently realized in time that the harrassment of the Pueblo by North Korean patrol boats � something that happens fre- quently in many parts of the world would suddenly turn into a seizure. Whether or not someone in the military chain of command could have gotten effective help to Cmdr, Lloyd M. Bucher, skipper of the Pueblo, after he saw that he was about to be PHILADELPHIA MLA 25 January 68 (26) Answers Leaking Out On Reasons for Seizure By DREW PEARSON and JACK ANDERSON Washington�There is no ship in the U. S. Navy which the DefenseDepartment would have less liked to have fall into enemy hands than the Pueblo. crammed as it was with sophis- ticated electronic devices. The reasons why nearby U. S. planes and ships did not Coale to its rescue, or why Commander Lloyd M. Bucher surrendered without a struggle, or without scuttling her, are now under intensive, indignant investigation. The last time an American commander gave up his ship without a fight he was court-martialed. The ship was the Chesapeake in 1812. Reasons for Incident Some of the reasons for the incident can now -be disclosed: �The commander did not call for help because he thought the North Koreans were bluffing. He didn't dream there would be a Communist seizure of an American naval vesSel in inter- national waters, so didn't take the warning seriously. Actually, there were two hours in which he, could have called for help, and there were about a hundred Air Force fighters and 'fighter bombers in both South Korea and Japan which could have responded at a moment's notice. Bucher did not finally scuttle the ship when he saw the North Koreans coining alongside with boarded and called for help has not been answered. But Pentagon officials who de- clined to be quoted by name said that even if properly armed fighter planes had been close enough to have gone to the aid of the Pueblo, a number of other factors would have been consid- ered. These include weather, the amount of remaining daylight, the position of the ship at the time help arrived, and, especial- ly, potential enemy reaction. The decision not to go to the aid of the Pueblo was made somewhere in the military chain of command short of Washing- ton, these Pentagon officials said. But they did not say how high up the chain that decision was made. � The incident began abgut 10 p.m. Washington time Monday. Pentagon officials said Bucher did not request help until 11:45 p.m. when the North Koreans moved to board the Pueblo. Thus, by the time President Johnson, Secretary of State Dean Rusk and Defense Secre- tary Robert S. McNamara were awakened between 12:23 and 2 am. Tuesday, the Pueblo was already in North Korean hands. The question they faced � and still face � was not how to pre- vent the seizure of the vessel, but 'how to get her back again. 5-7 a patrol boat to � board the Pueblo because he blew up elec- tronic equipment instead, Ap- parently he thought this was sufficient, although some of his superiors in Washington dis- agree. There has been no ex-. � planation of why he didn't dropl his anchor and foul his rudder:I Looking for Subs �The Pueblo was off the Ko1 rean Coast to locate Russian' � nuclear submarines out of Via.: divostok. Russia has 350 sub- marines, of which 40 are nu- clear. and we have refined de- vices which can not only locate them but tell what kind of ves- sels they are. Actually She was not 25 miles off the North Korean coast, as officials state, but 16 miles, which is four miles outside the 12-mite limit which North Korea claims. The United States does not recognize this limit. The Russian navy uses fish- ing trawlers to do exactly the same type of spying on our Polaris submarines as we do on them. Their trawlers are lo- cated off the Florida coast, where they watch missiles fired from Cape Kennedy: off Rota, . the big U. S. naval base in Spain: Holy Loch, the American base in Scotland; and off Guam in the mid-Pacific. Both the Soviet and the Amer- ican strategy is to try to locate nuclear submarines which nor- mally lie for about 30 days at a time off the potential enemy's coast. Limitation on Subs The Polaris missiles on our nuclear submarines and the Mis- siles on the Russian submarines � must be calibrated, before they leave port, in order to hit cer-- tain targets on land. It is im- possible to change the calibra- tion after a submarine starts its cruise. Therefore the missiles must be fired after the sub' reaches certain exact spots un- der the ocean where it lies on� guard for periods of about 30 days, It is important for each nation, therefore, in its game of submarine hide-and-sects, to lo- cate these spots, in which case the sub could be knocked out of commission the minute war breaks. �The reason for seizing the Pueblo was the North Korean policy, which it has urged on other Communist nations, of diversionary tactics. North Ko- rean Premier Kim 11-Sung has argued that the best way to help the North Vietnamese is to di- vert American worry to prob- lems elsewhere in the world. To this end North Korea has insti- gated well over 500 incidents along the border between North and South Korea during 1967 alone�an increase of about 500 percent over 1966. "All the Socialist countries should form the broadest pos- sible anti-American united front," said Premier Kim last CONTINUED NEXT PAGE Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 CHROPIAN SCIENCE MONITOR, 26 January% Secret equipment on Pueblo destroyed? By George %V. Ashworth The capture of the USS Pueblo by North The Pueblo mete cnt could provide the Km-can patrol craft could be of long-range Communist bloc with an opportunity to learn damage to the United States intelligence nearly as much as the United States did last effort, summer but in the more crucial and sensi- The captain, Comdr. Lloyd M. Bucher, rc� live area of electronic detection. ported that he had undertaken the clestruc- This was the second time within a year Iron of secret material and equipment aboard that a United Slates intelligence-collection the craft. It was not known. however, just vessel has been attacked. Last June the how successful that effort was. Liberty, a similar American "spy" ship, What remains could be uf substantial in- was attacked and heavily damaged by terest to Communist-bloc natams. Portions Israelis in the Mediterranean during the of the ship of potential interest could not Egypt-Israel confrontation, be destroyed. And careful study of the de- The situation is far different now. If the bris from the area of destruction well may destruction effort was not completely sue- be useful, sources here agree, cessful and if the Pueblo is kept for any It is significant that many of the crew great length of time, the Communist bloc members of the Pueblo have high security stands to know far more than most informed clearances which might preclude their pres. Americans do about intelligence vessels, mice in West Berlin or other areas near Presumably, the Communist blocs would Communist-bloc n nations. Now, through seiz- . inspect experts available to the ship. tire, they are all available to Communist This would mean that they would know well agents, what they were looking at. As a result, Korean front flares � the Communist nations would be able to Many observers believe the capture of assess United States sophistication and the crew members could be a greater loss, capabilities in naval-intelligence-gathering in terms of the intelligence effort, than the methods. capture of the ship off the North Korean Both the Soviets and the United States city of Wonsan. � operate large intelligence-gathering opera- Sources here agree that the longer the lions. The United States has three ships North Koreans have the Pueblo and its the size of the Pueblo and five similar to crew in hand the greater is the potential the Liberty. loss. As tension continued following the seizure Liberty, Pueblo compared ol the Pueblo, North Koreans attempted to Sources here say there are several essen- break through the American sector of the tial differences between the Liberty and Korean front. Eight United States soldiers the Pueblo in terms of capability and mis- were wounded. Communist infiltrators also attacked a watchtower just south of the demilitarized zone with hand grenades but caused no dam- age, according to United States Army spokesmen, All the infiltrators were re- pulsed. � � Soviet armaments studied Foreign Minister Kyu-Ha Choi announced that South Korea would send a note to United Nations Secretary-General TJ Thant condemning the provocative actions by North Korea as a violation of the Korean armistice agreement. The United States learned a great deal about Soviet equipment in the aftermath of the Arab-Israeli war when captured arma- ments were given a close scrutiny by United States officers. sion. The Liberty has a large number of ana- lysts aboard to assess the information gath- ered. whereas much of the information gar- nered by the Pueblo is sent on to higher headquarters and to Washington for study. Apparently, the Liberty is capable of a more comprehensive effort than the much smaller Pueblo. But they are assigned somewhat different tasks. � The Pueblo is able to check carefully the movements of ships within a range of per- haps 50 miles around. Its sophisticated equipment is able to tell just from the sounds what kind of ship is being monitored. The Pueblo apparently is equipped to eavesdrop on conversations on nearby land areas, as well as upon airplanes, surface ships, and submarines. Tape recording equipment is available to make records of material for later study and analysis. CHICAGO TRIBUNE, 26 January 1968 CALLS FRENCH NATO PULLOUT 'PREMATURE' PARIS, Jan. 25 OD�Charles Bohlen, outgoing United States ambassador to France, today warned that France's military pullout from the North Atlantic Treaty organization may have been "wishful thinking" on that nations part because the Soviet Union may not have abandoned designs in Europe. "It is a little premature to assume that the detente of the last five years is permanent." Bohlen said in a farewell speech to members of the American business community in France. "I would like to see a few more signs that the Soviet Union is really interested in abandoning designs on reshap- ing Europe." He urged other European nations not to aban- don their defense policies "on wishful thinking," and noted that the United States in- tended to "act cautiously" con- cerning maintaining a defense posture in Europe. 6�P WASH. STAR 1/25 (26) Private Help To Fix Army Planes Urged The Army has issued an "ur- gent" request to commercial firms to help in the job of re- pairing and maintaining the growing Army fleet of airplanes and helicopters. The request was issued by the Army Aviation Material Com- mand Mo. Cal. Clifton 0. Duty, director of procurement and production for the command, said in a tele- phone interview that the amount of such work done for the army DREW PEARSON � Cont'd month, ". .. and administer col- lective blows In the United States in all regions." Russia's Policy It is not believed that Moscow entirely shares this viewpoint, nor that it had any knowledge of North Korean plans to seize the Pueblo. There is a clique in the Krem- lin. however, which is known to believe that the only way to pressure the United States into giving up the war in Vietnam is by applying pressure in other parts of the world, such as the Near East. The buildup of Rus- sian naval forces in the Medi- terranean, and the tremendous concentration of Soviet arms in Egypt and Syria, together with Russian moves to take over Britain's declining presence east of Suez, are believed to be part of this pressure strategy. With or without Kremlin ap- proval, it is believed there will be more diversionary tactics against the United States as the war in South Vietnam intensi- fies. . Under discussion in the De- fense Department has been re- taliatory action against the Soviet Union. Among other things, the question of seizing Soviet trawlers off the Ameri- can coast has been proposed. Also under. discussion has been the strategy of asking General- issimo Franco, of Spain, who has plenty of Soviet electronic trawlers lying off Rota, to haul one of them into port. Franco, however, has recently been getting cozy with Moscow, and he might not make the move. Different Mission The Pueblo was a different kind of ship than the Liberty, badly battered, with 31 men killed, by Israel patrol boats and fighter planes last June.. The Liberty, operated by the National Security Agency, was lying more than 15 miles off the Egyptian coast intercepting messages exchanged between Israeli forces and their com- mand posts, and between Egyp- tian forces and their commands. . Although Israelis claimed the !attack on the Liberty was a case . of mistaken identity, there was ! a deep suspicion in the Navy Department that the attack was deliberate. The Pueblo was operated by the Navy itself, not the National [ Security ARCM:V. ard was not engaged in intercepting mes- sages. by commercial firms had j$u56mpen Illifornoma an ne a annualr agor to ate of million at the end of 1967. The need for more commer- cial help, Duty said, is caused both by the growing numbers of army aircraft and by the wear and tear and battle damage in Vietnam. For some extensive repair work, Duty said, it is necessary to bring the aircraft back to the United States where heavy ma- chine tools are available. Duty said that by the end of next year he eXpects more than half of the army's repair and maintenance to be farmed out to private concerns. Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 APITORE TIMES, 26 January 1968 Excerpts From Clifford's Testimony Before Senate Committee s;�����4: tome WASHINGTON, Jail. Following ore excerpts from ihu testimony today of C!,10; M. Clifford, no, as Secre Lary of Defense, before tile Armed Service Commillci!: CHAIRMAN (RICHARDB) RUSSELL. 51 RUSSELL. placed any h siltation on the period of time tr.:11. vou are willing to serve as .ce�e� retary of Defense? MR. CLIFFORD. 1 not, Mr. Chairman. When Mr. Johnson, when Picsident Johnson, asked that serve, he did not place any limita- tion. and I might say I am ready and prepared to serve for whatever length of time he chooses me to do so. Q. You realize better than most of our people that the Congress, if it is to legislate effectively in the field of national defense, it is nec- essary that we have the full and unintimidated views of the senior military officers. particularly the Joint Chiefs of Staff. Can you assure the committee that these officers will. not be discouraged from giving the committee their real views or not be penal- ized for giving their real views, even when they are in conflict with your views or those of the President? A. I would intend to make that the policy of the De- partment of Defense: that when this committee calls upon members of the military to testify before it, they shall be permitted to give their frank and open opinions on those subjects inquired into by this committee. Q. You have been rather close to the .Department of Defense over the last seven years. Do you have any re- maining doubt. about the au- thority of the Secretary of defense to control the deci- sions of the department or the subdivisions thereof? A. No sir. These last seven years have been an interest- ing illustration of the ability of the Secretary to utilize the powers that presently exist in order to make the prin- cipal decisions, that is, of course, along with the Presi- dent of theLlnited States. Q. Could you give us just a brief statement as to your concept of the proper rela- tions with the committee of Congress in this field and the obligations of a Secretary of Defense to those committees to enable them to perform their function?. A. I would expert that as Secretary of Defense I would have the closest type of co- operation with the appropri- ate committees of the Con- gress. I believe that at this particular time in our coun- try's history that dose asso- ciation and coordination is, perhaps, more necessary than ever before. - Some of you have been here longer than I, and I might say only I do not re- call perhaps a more perilous time confronting this nation than that which confronts it � OS forces undm- such circum- stances without the probable today, loss of.South Vietnam to the peace. Vietcong, would it be your Q. If those objectives that Opposes Bombing Halt purpose to try to obtain a you have detailed are not Senator (Margaret Chas') change in that agreement? nitained, if anyone of them Smith: Mr. Clifford, do vou A. I believe no change in is not attained, would you favor cessation of bombing that agreement would he conclude that we have not of North Vietnam? necessary. There is protee- fulfilled our commitment to I e that each titre the could he and would be very South Vietnam? believe, A. I am not a prophet or A. I do not, Senator Smith. live language in there which question of the bombing of valuable to us. seer. I can't look that far North Vietnam has . come tip, The language, as I recall it into the future. I do not I believe it has to he (waltz- has been a year or more, it know what is going to take ated under the circumstances sets up certain condition pre- place there. I do not know that exist at that time. cedents. One is if the North what our obligations are go- In the past, when it has Vietnamese withdraw; the tag to be over the world. I have been present at sonic of filtration of men, material second condition is if all in- could say that I believe that we shall. continue until we come up. and on occasion I those discussions. I have sup- and supplies, that is the sip- have obtained self-deterrnina- gested that we ascertain nificanee of it, if all infiltra- tion there, and I do not hear what we believe the result of tion ceases. it suggested any place within such cessation would be. There is a third qualifica- the Executive Branch Via, Up until now I have felt tion that is a general one, there shall be any other goal. that it would be damaging to that if it seems�this is a I don't know any better way little too broad. but if it our cause. The time might to answer your question. come. Senator, and I would seems safe to do so. that within six months our forces Q. Well, the question comes hope that it would, when it up about a possible negoti- would be presented to us in would withdraw. ated settlement of this war. such a manner that I could So that I am not disturbed It would seem that in view agree. that it was appropriate by the language because it is of what you have said our for there to he a suspension guarded, those conditions are objectives are, that the hego- in the bombing. That --time such that I assure you if tiated settlement must en- certainly has not yet arrived there is any doubt at all compass those objectives, as far as I am concerned, about the ability of South otherwise we would have Q. Mr. Clifford, in view of Vietnam to defend itself I negotiated away one or. more the piracy in the capture of would certainly cast my vote of our objectives. And that, the U.S.S. Pueblo. should the to the point that we stay therefore, any negotiated reserves he mobilized? until we are sure that they settlement must encompass A. The circumstances sur- can take care of themselves. those objectives, otherwise, rounding the incident, which None of us are going to we would have failed in our are considered to be exceed- have the sacrifices that we commitments, ingly grave, are now under have made there come to A. I understand it now. I the closest kind of considera- naught by that kind of with- am in accord with what I tion by the President and his drawal. understand to be the thought chief advisers. He asked that I say, however, that in that you are expressing. I am I sit in the meetings yester- that regard one of our major not in favor of negotiations day which were held from tasks is during the process just for the sake of negotia- early morning until late at now to build up the South tions. I am not in favor of' night. I did so. That subject Vietnamese strength. forcing upon the South Viet- and a number of others, Sen- Some progress has been namese people any kind of ator, are under immediate made in that regard. I would government that they do not consideration. If you would hope greater progress and voluntarily and independent- permit me to say so, I be- more rapid progress would ly choose. So. that I believe lieve that I would not be at be made; so that my hope is as we enter into that phase. liberty to comment on it at -the day will come when they Should we�that we, to- this time, will be able to defend them- gether with the South Viet- Q. tinder what conditions, selves, namese, must find the answer if you care to state, do you Q. Thank you for that ex- which will preserve the in. believe that the reserves cellent answer. Would you dependence of South Viet- should be called up? please tell us what is your flaw. If we do not do 'that, A. My answer would .be concept of our objectives in I believe we have not reached general in that regard: If we the war in Vietnam? our goal. reach the stage where the A. Yes sir. First, we have Q. There has been much threat to this nation's safety a limited objective. Our lint- talk about winning the, war is substantially increased itel objective is to assure to and there appears to be some over that that exists now. It the South Vietnamese people confusion over this. Would could come about as a result the right of self-determina- you say if we attained those of developments in the Far minimal objectives we would Lion, give them the right to East. It could come about as select the type of govern- have won the war insofar as result of developments fol- scent they choose and to our objectives are concerned? lowing the incident involving conduct it in the manner A. I would say, generally, the Pueblo. . yes. It is a different kind of At any stage, that this that they wish, without their being forced by the subjuga- war and that is one reason country's safety and security why it is difficult, perhaps. lion from within, or by ap- warrants, because of this type for the American people to of incident which would in- plication of force from with- understand it. We are fight- dicate that additional trouble out, to have another kind of ing a limited war. We are not lies ahead. I think the Presi- life in their country. fighting to destroy our en- dent could well call up the In that regard, it is not and certainly must not be emy. We are.fighting to per- suede our enemy to withdraw from South Vietnam and to leave it alone. But I might say that as far as talking about a military victory is concerned, I believe in a great respect we have already attained a type of victory in South Vietnam. I believe our presence there, our successful presence there, has many times justified the cost at us - in our men and in our trelsa- ure, for as one travels in Southeast Asia he finds that this is the general attittkle. CONTINUED NEXT PAGE SENATOR (JACK) MILLER. our intention to acquire any ' � You participated in the Man- territory of any sort. I cer- ila Conference. To refresh toy tautly don't wish to destroy memory on this, is it true North Vietnam. I wish only, that one of the points of the, as far as my opinion is con- or the agreement of the Man- cerned, to convince them ila Conference was, if North they will never prevail in Vietnam withdrew from South their efforts to conquer Vietnam, withdrew its forces South Vietnam, and when from South Vietnam, that that point is understood by within six months thereafter them, and they realize that the United States would with- we are determined and we draw its military forces? are persistent and we are Now, if your military ad- patient, then the day will risers told you that we could come when I believe that not withdraw our military they find out the game is 7-1, not worth the candle, and then I think we will have Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 � (26) EFENSE EC0. WASNINGTON POST 24 Janua 13 01VIY AX ABOtISHEIPTO , 000 JOBS More � than .10,000 cNilian job- are being aholisho.d by the Army in the Defense De- partment's latest economy -pro- gram. The number could he even larger by next July' 1. 'This:is:the lineup: About .5000 jobs were aboti- ..ished as of last Dec. 30. Aboutt 40 per. cent of. them were vs. 'cant at . the. time and they were merely canceled. The re- mainder wee filled by tempo-. rary employes. More than 1000 employes were laid off before the expiration of their tempo- rary appointments: Another 3700 jobs will be abolished as of Jan. 31. An es- timated 800 career employes will be among those to be laid off at that time. They were given layoff notices a week be. fore Christmas. . military personnel and con- Tentatively. another 1400 traciors will now he used to PRIPloYcs, largely carver No il., s.onie of the work formerly plc. will be given notices Feb. ' 15 to be effective the end of handled I,'- March. The Department has If tins happens, the Depart. promised 45-day notices to t:a-. inciu will lie inviting legal t-err employes and shot ter no� action from its civilians to try tices to temporaries, to say,- their jobs. The Amen- tary of Defense for Land Forces Unless the Department ean can Federation of Government Programs, has been established in get down to its lower job cell- Employes was successful in the Pentagon. ings through normal turnover having the National Aeronau- William K. Brehm, 38, gets the by June. 1, another layoff ef- tics and Space Administration fob. lie has been working for As- fictive the end of that 11101101 . sistant Secretary of � Defense for is possible. Ceilings arc act hy en �, from .a,< ying off 540 Systems Analysis Dr. Alain Entho- the Defense Department and .civilians until it can he deter- yen in a similar but lower-ranking Several hundred vacant lobs !mined if contract employes job since 1964. m wilt be responsible for the Budget Bureau. - doing imilar work are being Breh at headquarters here have , ,ctainecl analysis of all Defense Department been abolished but tin em- ploye there has yet been laid � Overseas: The Budget Flu off. , reau estimates it costs an aver- Layoffs have been centered In two major activities--de- pots operated by the Material . Command and ecn� tees where military personnel are trained before they are shipped overseas. Both activi- ties have had to expand their civilian staffs to support the war in Vietnam, and ihey have overspent their budget allow- ances in doing it. peo,pje..,suspcut that !age of 525.000 for each Ameri- can vitizen who is assigned to a Federal job overseas. The figure includes salary, travel and the like. 'fhe high cost is one of the reasons the President has or- dered a 10 per cent cutback in Lice overseas staffs of the State Department, the U.S. In- formation Agency and the Agency for International De- velopment. Local nationals -AIR FORCE TIMES 24 January 1968 (26) New DoD -Post Goes to Brehm WASHINGTON � A new post, that of Deputy Assistant Secre- land forces programs, including combat � and support forces, force structure, deployments, readiness weapons, materiel and manpower requirements. can he employed at a frac- tion of that cost. ; New Cabinet Jobs: Jobs of Assistant Secretary for Man- power have been created in each of the Army, Navy and Air Force, and they were all to he filled by outsiders. Each Department has a Deputy As- sistant Secretary for Man- power. CLIFFORD 'S TESTIMONY They have no hope in the French. The British are with- drawing from Malaysia and Singapore. If it were not for the United States there would be -no hope there, and others will have different opinions, but to me it is not a question of years, it is a question of weeks and months, if we weren't there until Southeast Asia, nation by nation, suc- cumbed,. and that is not hap- pening now, and it is not happening, in my opinion, be- cause we are there, and be- cause we have extended this shield, and I believe we must continue to do it. Q. Mr. Clifford, are you satisfied with the way the war is being conducted now? And I think a yes. or no an- swer would suffice and I don't wish to ask you to go into specifics. I think I can - understand why you prefer not to. .A.�Well, I thank you for the latter comment be- . cause my answer is yes. Q. There isn't any doubt in .your mind. Mr. Clifford, that a cessation of bombing under present circumstances would lead to more casualties on our side and the side of our allies than . would other- wise take place, is there? A. When you preface your question by saying under present circumstances I agree. Under present circumstances when the North Vietnamese are willing to make no con- cessions whatsoever for a cessation of the bombing I .agree.--It is nay hope that the -time will come, and the sooner the. better, that the North -Vietnamese will indi- cate some reciprocal action. We have not asked for much. The President hasp laced it at abingt an irreducible mini- mum. -HE has said, "If you --- Continued will agree to talk promptly, if you will also not to take advantage of the suspension we will stop the bombing." It seems to me this Is a mini- mal requirement. They have chosen not to do it. My hope is that they soon will, and I should he the first, and maybe as happy as anyone, to see the bombing stopped. But in my opinion it can't stop with their present wholly and completely in- transigent attitude. SENATOR (HOWARD W.) CANNON. It has been widely reported that the Defense Department planners have considered several military options that are open to the United States, should the diplomatic efforts to free the Pueblo fail. Among those un- der most consideration, ac- cording to the reports, are an attempt to storm the Wonsan harbor and forcibly retrieve the vessel; seizure or destruction of one or more North Korean ships as retali- ation, or for potential bar- gaining power; aerial bomb- ing and sinking of the Pueblo at the Woman docks to deny Communist counter-intelli- gence teams any further ac- cess to any electronic. intel- ligence-gathering equipment that may be on board, or a Naval blockade of Wonsan and:, . perhaps, other North Korean ports. Now, do I take it from your answer to Senator Smith that you do not prefer to discuss any of the alterna- tives that might be available to the United .States in view of the fact that they are still under active consideration? A. Yes, that would be my answer end must of neces- sity, be my answer, Senator. I would say only that I know the President Ismakingevery effort to find a diplomatic solution because if one will analyze those courses of ac- tion which you have just enumerated, none of those get our 83 men back, and the President would like very much to get those 83 Ameri- cans out of the hands of the North Koreans and get them back. and I believe that he will make every effort along the diplomatic front to achieve that purpose. Q. Is it a fact, then, that in your opinion any overt military move which we might be able to take now could very likely ieopardize the safety and lives of the men on the Pueblo? A. That is entirely possible, and I think that the President must be convinced that he has exhausted the diplomatic al- ternative before any other action is taken. Q. Without getting into possible solutions to the problem. I would like to ask, in view of what has hao- pended, whether ' or not It would be your intention-upon taking office to immediately review the decision-making process and the authorities granted that would permit a lightly armed U.S. ship, with:. out protection, to sail close to hostile shores even though in international waters? A. The answer to that would be a simple :.yes." I believe that the policy in that regard should be examined with meticulous care and might very well be re-eval- uated. SENATOR (sTitOM) THuIV MOND: When you gooks of negotiating, in that case you would be willing to have a cessation of bombing. I pre- sume that thatwould contem- plate that they would stop their military activities, too, 84..we would be expected to have a cessation of bombing. A. No, that is not what . I said. I do not expect them to stop their military activities. I would expect to follow the language of the President when he -said that if they would agree to start-negotia- tions promptly and not take advantage of the pause.in the bombing. Q. What do you mean by taking advantage if they conk sinus their military activities? A. Their military activity will continue in South Viet- nam. I assume, until there is a cease fire- agreed upon. I assume that they will con- tinue to transport the normal amount of goods, munitions, men, to South Vietnam. I as- sume that we will continue to maintain our forces and support our forces during that period. So what I am suggesting is, in the language of the President, that he would insist that they not take advantage of the sus- pension of the bombing. Q. How would you keep them from taking advantage if we had a- cessation of bombing? A. There is no way to - keep them from taking advantage. If they state they are going to refrain from tak- ing advantage, and then re- fuse to do so, then they have not met their agreement, and the conditions for the nego- tiations have failed. Q. And then, if they did violate that, you would favor then resuming bombing, I would presume. A. I would assume we would have no alternative. If they did not meet their obligations or we do not meet our obligations, then I assume there is absolutely no sense in negotiating. It would be a useless task. To negotiate there has to be good faith if any result is to be achieved and if. during the negotia- tions, bad faith is-evidenced then there is no need to Ile- eotiate. Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 � " WASHIN POST 26 JANUARY 1968 Clifford Rep esented Arms Pirms By Drew Pearson and Jack Anderson Every Secretary of Defense since the office was estalishedi in 1947 has represented the In.: dustrlal-military allianc el which President Eisenhower warned against In his last mcs-, sage to the American people.: They have been either indus- trialists themselves or lawyers like Louis Johnson or bankers like James Forrestal repre- senting big defense Industries. The new Secretary of De-, �fense, Clark Clifford, is no ex-1 Iception. I The only real exception was. 'Robert S. McNamara who, :though head of the second' :largest motor company in thel world�Ford�had been a teacher, was essentially hu. ;manila/len, and time after , time bucked the alliance which Eisenhower warned against. McNamara's theory, which he successfully said to LBJ, was .that nuclear war was so cata- strophic the only solution was Ina to increase our already ,bristling arsenal of missiles but to negotiate missile and !nuclear agreements with Rus- sia instead. Time after time McNamara refused to spend the billions tics on Capitol Hill, plus the' military-industrial allianced packed too much of a punch; with Congress. ., Clark Clifford, on the other hand, has spent all of his Ca- reer as a private attorney de- fending some of the defense giants. Ile has been on their side In their battles against the same. U.S. Government which he will now represent as Secretary of Defense. 1 Contractors Roll Call These clients have pulled down In the fiscal year 1967 the sum total of $1,890,200,000 in defense . contracts plus S494.659,000 in research grants. all from Uncle Sam. General Electric, in the fis- cal year 1967, ranked fourth among the defense contractors of the Nation, with a total of :51,289,800,000 in war orders. ;GE also received as a gift i from Uncle Sam a total of .$439,090,000 for research and .development. . Another of Clifford's clients, the Radio Corporation of 'America, received $268,000,000 .in defense contracts, plus ,$54,429,000 in grants from ;Uncle Sam. 1 Du Pont received $179.600.000 in defense con- voted by Rep, Mendel Rii ers tracts, and $1,140,000 In grants ;ID-S.C.) and other hawks in for research. ;Congress for atomic-poweredl Standard Oil of California, :airplane carriers, the B-701another Clifford client re- bomber and an anti-ballistic:ceived $152,800,000 in defense !missile network. This eventu.,contracts. ;ally contributed to his down-I Clifford has done a phe- Ifafi. The hawkish-minded poll-,nomenal job for these clients. NEW YORK POST 25 For Mr. Clifford by WILLIAM k: . BUCKLEY JR. You will have noticed that Mr. Clark Clifford, our forthcom- ing Secretary of Defense, has been coy on the question whether he is a hawk or a dove, disdaining, as he put it, "such ornitho- logical categories." But the wise men in Washington tell us that he is convinced of the rightness of the Veitnam war, and Indeed it is unlikely that President Johnson would have appointed to tit at his left hand someone who substantially disagreed with him on so important a question. . It has even been whispered that Mr. Clifford will pursue the objectives of victory in Vietnam more wholeheartedly than Mr. McNamara did, about whom the insiders tell of great agonizing over the entire matter, an agonizing which cannot compare with the agonizing of American soldiers as they hear shells drop over them which were manufactured in the Soviet Union and found their way to the war front because Mr. McNamara�and Mr. Johnson�agonize over world opinion. But let us assume that the conduct of the Vietnam � war will proceed more or less at the pace of the last year or two, and hope that the cumulative pressures on North Vietnam will begin to tell; and that before long the military creaking and groaning will abate. What then? What will we see after it is over in Viet- nam? A period of peace in the Southeast Asian part of the world we are entitled to expect. But history teaches us the unlikelihood that there will be peace everywhere in the world. And all the less likely considering the techniques of the modem revolutionists, who have learned to cause so much disturbance with so few men. The so-called wars of liberation are certain to prove to be the military Model A Ford of the 20th century�cheap, durable, and ubiquitous. All it takes is a couple of thousand guerrillas, 1 Ilc got the du Pont family's tax bill drastically reduced when they faced the prospect! of paying Uncle Sam $470 mil-j lion in taxes after the court' decreed they had to sell their General Motors stock. This was done by an act of Con- gress. Later, when General lotors stock went up in value. Clif- ford saved the du Pont family around $56 million additional by persuading the Treasury to write a special tax ruling for the du Ponts. Clifford has also repre- sented the largest pipeline company in the world, El Paso Natural (las, which three times has been cracked down on by the Supreme Court for trying to combine with Pacific Northwest Gas. Somehow or other the battery of astute lawyers always got El Paso's dubious claims past a compla- cent Justice Department and a previously supine Federal Power Commission, now much improved. They were not suc- cessful, however, in lulling the Supreme Court. It should be noted that Clif- 'ford was not alone. For var- ious legal footwork, El Paso paid Richard Nixon's law firm $77,629.20 in one year and the John Foster Dulles law firm ;of Sullivan and Cromwell i$948,645.54 over a longer pe- of switching his very con- siderable talents for Uncle Sam. The only question Is whether he has been so long steeped in the atmosphere of his industrial clients that he can make the switch. His !friends, including Lyndon B. !Johnson, are convinced he can. lie understands the lan- guage of the defense giants and could be just as tough on 1 ithem as he was with the US. Government when he repre- sented the giants against the Government. . Another asset will be his ability to speak the language , of Capitol Hill. Clifford is an lold poker-playing Truman ;Democrat who has taken ;money away from the tough- est hawks in the House and Senate. Unlike Bob Mc- Namara, who talked with , graphs and computers, Clark ;Clifford can talk the language lof the bourbon highball. Un- fortunately this is almost es- sential when it comes to deal- ing with headstrong Congress- men such as Mendel Rivers who are convinced they know more about missiles and car- riers than any Secretary of Defense. non or me. Uncle Sam's Lawyer' As Secretary of. Defense,1 Clifford will be in the positionl JANUARY 1968 (26 a pipeline to the Soviet Union, a local Che Guevara, and you - are in business. n::dmblftegud iTiin tisioeze gumavhezlatpsy;h=isgii..11; 'PpioinicYt2sge: o Inasmuch as the U. S. is primarily charged with the re- of the world is altogether understandable. But until we simply sponsibilities for counteraction, it is we who need to think give up on the rest of the world, we have got to help out. beyond the Vietnam war and ask ourselves whether we are And the way to do that is primarily by making arms avail. willing again to pay so high a price as we will have pald in able, and also small, professional forces which will absorb the Vietnam in order to contain other national liberation fronts in 'shriek until such moment as the locals are trained to attend to other parts of the world. their own defense.,Rerhaps someone in Washington will be good Mr. Clifford should turn his attention to the problem, and enough to question-Mr. Clifford on the matter at his next press aunely the place to start would be by announcing a future COM- conference. 9�s Making the transition from a tough corporation lawyer to a tough lawyer for Uncle Sam will not be easy. Some law- yers, when they Join the Gov- ernment, never get It done. But we believe Clifford will do it. He is an honest and ex- tremely able man. mitment to the volunteer army. If you like, to the mercenary army. The arguments in favor of it have been frequently re- hearsed, as recently as in 1964 by both the Presidential mull, dates. As is so often the case with election year promises, nothing has been done, nothing in this case to phase out the draft. Perhaps the reason why is the great manpower demands of the Vietnam war. But that is no reason for putting off a public discussion of the volunteer military, and it is always appropriate to bigthink about strategic matters upon taking the oath of office, which oath Mi. Clifford is about to take. The conventional arguments are that a) a professional force renders professional services. As things now stand, an American technican becomes highly qualified, highly useful, by let us say June, and in September his tour of duty is over. b) The extra cost of luring men into a professional military force is not likely to exceed the great cost of continually training the mil- lions of young men whose services are used over so short a period. To which conventional argument should be added, c) the great commotion caused by a draft, and the influence of that commotion on the formulation of an effective foreign policy backed up by a mobile armed force. If the U. S. is going to help out next year in Brazil, the year after In the Sudan, and the year after that in Nigeria, surely we do not want to replay the tensions of the existing war? It is bad enough to contemplate another half-century of financing resistance to the Communists throughout the world, but it is more than flesh and blood can bear to contemplate a 90-year- Old Dwight Macdonald refusing his 25th consecutive invitation to the White House. The Influence of American youth and their epigoni, the intellectuals the academicians the opinion.makers on foreign Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 CHRISTIAN SCIENCE MONITOR, 26 Wry 1968 Thong's resignation jars Saigon Second Of a two-part series about revamp- ing the South Vietnamese armed forces. By Beverly Deepe Special correspondent of The Christian Science Monitor Saigon While concentrated efforts are being made to improve South Vietnam's 300,000-man provincial forces, their newly appointed commander has protested Saigon snafus and military in-fighting by resigning and taking annual leave. The resignation of Gen. Nguyen Due Thang�one of Saigon's most controversial, competent, and dynamic generals�has not yet been accepted, and considerable discus- sion has arisen here over Whether it will be. General Thang�sometimes called "the blitz general"�is currently on leave for an unspecified duration. Although he has submitted his resigna- tion from the South Victnainese Army a number of times in the past General Thong has continued to rise in either military or governmental circles. It would be considered a serious blow to the rock-bottom limits of the Army's leader- ship if he were to be dropped from the mili- tary roster. He is currently the No. 2 officer at the Vietnamese high command, responsible for the provincial forces plus the Revolutionary Development Cadre, who implement the critical pacification program. The appointment of General Thang as � commander of the provincial forces was considered here to be one of the most clean- cut, significant steps in improving the com- bat effectiveness of these units. The 1968 program for revamping the 670,000-man armed forces will concentrate on these provisional forces�equivalent to 25 conven- tional army divisions in strength�rather than in the regular ground forces. Two groupings included These provincial forces are composed of two paramilitary groupings: The 150,000- man Popular Forces, who are part-time fighters and part-time farmers in the 250 districts throughout the countryside, and the 150,000-man Regional Forces, who oper- ate at the provincial level in the country- side. These two groupings, often affectionately called "Ruffs" and "Puffs" for their RI' and PF designations, sustain heavier bat- tlefield casualties and desertion rates than the regular forces. They also kill a higher proportion of Communists. Yet, they are paid smaller salaries, have fewer fringe benefits, and have the poorest grade of weapons. The salary of a Popular Forces private is 2,200 piasters a month (roughly $22) plus 200 piasters ($2) a month in rice allowances for each member of his family. General Thang is the first officer at the central-government level to have central- ized operational control of the Regional and Popular Forces. In the past, generals at the Saigon level have assumed only logisti- cal and administrative responsibility for the widely scattered forces considered by some to be the "unsung heroes" of the war. At the lower levels, a new deputy has been appointed to each province chief to look after the interests of the Regional and Pop- ular Forces. "This is mostly a psychological play to snake the little RF and PP feel they have a daddy," one reliable source reported. Special units set up Most of the other improvements in the It 1 and P 1 logistical and administrative fields. An ad- ministrative, support, and logistical unit has been set up in each of the 44 provinces tailored to serve better the needs of the forces, which frequently operate miles away from headquarter cities. In some provinces, a small element of the Regional and Popular Forces will be held us reserve, no that in times of trouble it can reinforce a sister unit without aid of the Vietnamese regulars. Beginning this year, plans were made to corciputerize the accounting system of the Popular Forces by starting a "by-name," punch-card IBM system to keep better track of the individual trooper. This system was started with the Regional Forces in July, 1966, and ill January of that year the regu- lar Army took it up also. This would presumably eliminate the past gractice of "phantom soldiers"�names on payrolls of persons who either never existed Or else had been killed or wounded months 'before. � General Thong's disappointment, which led to his submitting his resignation, cen- tered on several things: the greater com- mand and responsibility for the adminis- tration of the provinces; the changing and training of new province chiefs; and the lack of transfer of authority over the regular Army battalions assigned to a province for pacification-support missions from the divi- sion commanders to the province chiefs. Pacification supported These pacification-support forces now in- clude elements of the 960 Regional Force companies, the 4,300 Popular Force .pla- toons, now under the day-to-day operational control of the province chief, Plus the 50 to 60 regular battalions of regular Vietnamese Army troops, which take orders either from the province chiefs or their division com- manders, or sometimes both. A fourth component�but riot for secu- rity � is the 'Revolutionary Development -cadres, the activists who are building schools, market places, and dispensaries at the hamlet level for their pacification assignments. These cadres now are under the control of General Thong, at the mili- tary command, rather than under the gov- ernment's Ministry of Revolutionary De- velopment, General Thang's last post. General Thang, a northerner, is one ol the most controversial and most progressive- thinking generals in the South Vietnamese command. But he is commonly identified with Vice-President Nguyen Cao Ky�cer- tainly on issues of radical change�and this has not endeared him to President Thieu, who is in disagreement with Vice-President Ky on many points. General Mang has in the past been closely identified with retired Air Force Gen. Edward Landsdale, the so-called kingmaker of Ramon Magsaysay during the Philippines insurgency. This in turn has not en- deared General Thong to many of the more tradition-minded, anti-Lansdale American generals. General Thang is also often identified with Robert Komer, the deputy commander in the American military establishment for pacification, who is also known to have con- siderable disagreements with the more con- ventional approaches of the American gen- erals. Reform proposal recalled General Thang was known to have sup- ported the radical-reform proposal in which the politico-military powers of the 10 Vietnamese division commanders and four corps commanders would have been sub- stantially reduced; thus, General Thong NriSleffiR, 29 2annen7 1968 (2bY HO'S PRICE FOR U.S. PILOTS Defense Secretary McNamara last summer esti- mated that the U.S. inflicted $320 million in Commonist Party leaders in Hanoi say that Ho bombing damage in North Vietnam from Fehru- Chi price for releasing the more than 200 :try 1965 to July 1967. Note: the United Staten Amrrican pilots is that the U.S. agree to pay for has lost 767 aircraft worth $2 billion over the all damages caused by the bombing of the north. north. 10�r lo st the support of this powerful clique of generals. These more conservative Vietnamese generals charge General Thong with "em- pire building" and "chasing after the Amer- icans." They also resent the support Gen- eral 'Thong has from Vice-President Ky who they say, as an Air Force general, "is not military minded and has not com- manded infantry troops in his whole life." The Ky-Thang-Komer hope was to move the Vietnamese division and corps com- manders out of the politico-military chain of command. This has, for the time being, been blocked by some pivotal American and Vietnamese generals. The first group wanted to establish a direct link between the central government in Saigon and the 44 province chiefs, who are both the political heads and military commanders of General Thong's Popular and Regional Forces. Control move blocked General Thong also wanted the province chiefs, rather than division commanders, to control those regular Army battalions as- signed to pacification within given provinces. But this, too, has been blocked in given instances by the generals at this time. Even more important is the issue of who appoints and trains the province chiefs. And for the past two months high-level intrigue on the Vietnamese side has revolved around this point. General Thang drew up a list of the province chiefs, 15 now in that post, and ' 29 new ones who have been appointed from other positions. These 44 were to be trained beginning Dec. 4 at the Vung Tau school where General Thong's Revolutionary De- velopment Cadres are tutored. When the Vietnamese corps commanders torpedoed this project, it was rescheduled for late December, when the Ky-Thieu con- flict again postponed it. This disgusted Gen- eral Thong, who submitted his resignation in early January, President Thieu has since told General Thang to set up the training course for Feb. 2. But General Thong has reportedly re- fused, and most of the training now is sched- uled to take place in Saigon instead of at the Vung Tau school. The Saigon government in the past has formally appointed the 44 province chiefs throughout the countryside. In practice, shtoawtees3ve.r, the job has often been sold by the corps commander, sometimes fbr as much as 5,000,000 piasters�roughly $5,000 (United Jobs often sold -The subordinate job of district chief was often sold by the division commander. The net effect was rampant corruption by these officers, plus a tie-up of government, with the district chiefs often quarreling with the province chiefs. In the past several months, General Thong was responsible for selecting the 29 newly appointed province chiefs � which cut into the financial benefits of the corps commander�and he wanted to move them into th7.i- new jobs in blitz fashion. New, 40wever, the central government has deeded on a plow-motion change of province chiefs. General Thane was also eager to begin training the Popular Forces not simply as security forces, but also as an integrated part of the Revolutionary Development cadre program, in which they would assist with the construction of schools, wells, and marketplaces. But this plan, while report- edly approved by General Komer, has been blocked by high-civil American generals, by President Thieu, and .by the corps com- mander:, egiona opu ar Forces center_ in the Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 _ F'UESLO-NORTH KOREA (TOPS IN) NASHIKGTON (AP)-THE COmmANDER Of Tit U.S. INTELLIGENCE SHIP PUEBLO ORDERED Tap EECRET OODE$ Ail) ELECTRONIC GEAR DESTROYED NORTH KOREANS BOARDED HIS SHIP, SOuRCES SAID TODAY* ImE DISCLOSURE CAME AS A POUR-SHIP NAVY TASK FORGE, INCLuDING Tit CAUSER ENTERPRISE, CRUISED TORARD NORTH KOREA AND Tit UNITED STATES APPLIED DIPLOMATIC LEVERAGE .11* A 810 TO RECOVER THE VESSEL AND PEA 851&N. . THE PEKTABON KNOWS- ISO ELABORATE DESTRUCT PROCEDLILES7DE5IGtCD TO razata CRITICAL INFORiUTION FROM FALLINO INTO Miff HANDSAERE � INITIATED, SOLACES DISCLOSED. IT KAS NOT DETEIWINED fuCTFCR AU. Tit CLASSIFIED GEAR RAS BLIkatO OR DUMPED OVERBOARD. THE PENTAGON ASSUMES THAT MOST OF THE VAL UAS4 MATER SAL OAS DESTROVED. Tit PROCEDURE INDUCED Tit FIRING OF EXPLOSIVE DESTRUCT 0EvICES AROUND Tit CCNAIUNICATIONS PARAPHERNALIA. THERE REIM REPORTS Tit PuEBLO'S FOUR ROUNDED mEN NEU INJIAED BY TIC EXPLOSIVES, BUT SOURCES SAID l'fiE REALLY DON'T giOn NHAT SUPPEKEID. TO Tit mEN, - FORTH KOREA, IN A MONITORED SROADCAST, CLAIMED KILLING AND NOuNDING SONE OF THE PUEBLO'S OtEMAEN� CZ lames 1/24 " �'� Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 63 PUEBLO-EQUIPNENT WASHINGTON CAP)-NORTH KOREAN CAPTuRE OF ThE PUEBLO GIVES THE GOkuuNISTS AN OPPORTUNITY TO EXAMINE SOME OF THE MOST MODERN U.S. EQUIPMENT USED IN ELECTRONIC INTELLIGENCE GATHERING. MESSAGES FROM THE PUEBLO BEFORE SHE WAS OVERWHELMED INDICATE THE CREW MAY HAVE SUCCEEDED IN DESTROYING AT LEAST SOME OF THE SECRET GEAR AM) CODES. Furr AT- APPEARED LIKELY-THAT THERE�STILL- WAS MUM: :14tRiENIT WHICH THE COMMUNISTS COULD STUDY WITH PROFIT TO THEM. EXAMINATION. OF OFFICIAL NAVY PICTuRES OF THE PUEBLO SHOWS SOME OF THE EXTE RNAL EQUIPMENT. 1. TWIN ANTENNAE INDICATE THE DIRECTION OF SIGNALS BEING MONITORED SO OTHER DEVICES CAN HOME IN ON THEM. 2. THE PUEBLO IS FITTED WITH LONG POLES APPEARING TO SUPPORT CABLES FOR SENDING MESSAGES TO SUBMERGED SUBMARINES VIA LOW RE- QUENCY RADIO WAVES. 3. RADAR EQUIPMENT APPARENTLY DESIGNED FOR CAROMING SIGNALS OFF THE TROPOSPHERE�THE LOWER ATMOSPHERE. THIS METHOD IS ESPECIALLY SUITABLE FOR LISTENING IN ON MESSAGES BETWEEN AIRCRAFT AND GROUND CONTROLLERS. J01255PES JAN 24 _ Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 bit WASHINGTON--ADD PUEBLO-EQUIPMENT (63) 4. A CONVEZ ANTENNA, FOCUSED SKYWARD, PROBABLY FOR LISTENING IN ON AIRCRAFT RADIO CONVERSATIONS, THE MID-SECTION OF THE 935-TON PUEBLO IS CONSIDERED A PROBABLE SITE FOR EQUIPMENT THAT RECORDS MESSAGES INTERCEPTED By OD-ER � DEVICES--INFORMATION PROBASL Y 41ELAYED.r.1K TO TIE NATIONAL. SECLR IT Y -AGENCY' AT FT. WADE, , FOR DECODING AND ANALYSIS* NAVY SOURCES INDICATED TIE PUEBLO PROBABLY HAD UNDERWATER HYOROPHOIES, WITH A LIFE TRAILING BEHIND TIE CRAFT UNDER TIE SI.RFACE OF TIE WATER. TIE HYDROPHONES PICK UP SOUNDS OF SUBMARINES AND TIE UNDERWATER CHURNING OF SHIP PROPELLERS. SINCE SHIPS MAKE SOMEWHAT � INDIVIDUALISTIC SOUNDS, TI-ESE IDENTIFIABLE "SIGNATURES" CAN BE USED BY INTELL I - CE EXPERTS, AFTER BEING RECORDED, FOR LATER IDENTIFICATION. J 1238PES JAN 24 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 1)44 or C-incern Over Pue) Voiced in Soviet Press By EDMUND STEVENS Special to The Star MOSCOW � Although Soviet diplomacy has so far declined the American request to act as a go-between in seeking the re- lease of the USS Pueblo from North Korea, the Soviet press reflects mounting concern here lest the incident kindle another corulagration. Moscoe natur ally accepts unquestioningly the assertion of its North Korean ally that the Pueblo was captured in North Korean territorial waters. Pravda's Washington corre- spondent, Boris Strelnikov, ca- bled his paper by way of confir- mation that no less an authority than Sen. J. William Fullbright, fl-Ark., admitted that this time the United States was caught red .handed and that the Pueblo was indeed engaged in espio- nage. - Adds Strelnikov: "Sensible Americans' do not believe the Pentagon version that the Pueb- lo was seized in international waters." . To the Russians the Pueblo 'readily invites comparison with the U2 incident when the U.S. spy plane piloted by Gary Pow- ers was shot down over Sver- dlovsk thousands of miles inside the U.S.S.R. The Russians still recall "cov- er stories" floated by U.S. spokesmen before ex-Premier Nikita S. Ithrushchev revealed the truth. Almost as if anticipating the Pueblo incident, the Soviet press recently reprinted an article from the Italian weekly "Epo- ca" describing the sophisticated electronic worldwide espionage masterminded by the National Security Agency and the part played by intelligence gathering ships. The seizure of the Pueblo coin- cided somewhat with the arrival in Moscow yesterday of a North Korean delegation headed by the deputy chief of state. Conceivably the Pueblo inci- dent and the attempt by North Korean infiltrators to kill South Korean President, Chung Hee Park could be designed to warn the United States that continued escalation in Vietnam could lead to retaliatory action elsewhere in Asia: But most observers here agree Moscow neither programs nor anticipates a major crisis' in Ko- rea. Otherwise, it's unlikely Pre- mier Alexei .D. Kosygin have depattedgir New Delhi; * Soviet propaganda 'has hid a field day playing up the U.S. incursion into Cambodia and the 1352_cras1iin_Greenland with its nuclear bomb load as examples of aggressive brinkmanship by the 'U.S. military .and proof of the Soviet contention that Amer- ican policy is the main threat to world peace. Meanwhile, t h e rumblings from Korea virtually drowned out the peace-loving beeps gen- erated by British Prime Minis- ter Harold Wilson's Moscow talks. The British press spokesman sought to encourage optimism while the talks were going on by liberal use of such adjectives as "frank, friendly and construc- tive" while disclosing nothing of substance. The joint communique, how- ever, said little. The main indi- cation that on Vietnam the gap had been narrowed, as Wilson claimed, was the affirmation that both sides supported the principles of the Geneva agree- ments and would work jointly and separately for a just politi- cal solution. Unlike the communique after Wilson's visit last year, it includ- ed no expression of regret at failure to reach agreement on Vietnam. ti 0. P. nc f0 t's Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 Veather Forecast /Daniel and vicinity-11,11n becoming miscil with nr turning in snow tonight; cold, low in upper 'Ans. Cloudy. windy and cold to- morrow. precipitation coding, high in 2als. Chance of precipitation 60 percent tonight, 10 percent tomorrow, Toduy's two. 35 at 4:rs a.m.: high, 47 at 2 p.m. rya tc,arr Pnt 1.6 WITH SUNDAY NQRNING EDITICIN Stocks Final Closing New York Market Page A-11 Prices Today: Loi.cr 116th Year. No. 23. tereeste Tee Oral,. it+r,ee.e,� WASHINGTON, D. C., TUESDAY, JANUARY 23, 1968-38 PAGES Phone LL 3-5000 10 Cents 'Phis is the. 1:577� Pueblo acrred by lite North Koreans today. Intelligence Vessel Apparently in Port, U.S. Seeks Release it DE115.5111, itteEttr/.31,AN staaSina woof Ninth ICerca testae seized a 1/.S. Nave Intelligence ship and apparently toriid II iota a North Ithrerin port, The Potted States sold it viewed the incident with "utmail cros. lty' end called Inc the "immediate release" of the shit; clad its Osman mese. ytn, &M.; pip�blo was surromirksk by' North Koreans to lour patrol hivith, hosnted and raptured 'while AIIG aircraft hew ovhrhenn, be Pentagon The State Department said the Soviet Union was n.skeri today to convey to North Korea Me "urgent request" for the release at the Pueblo and Its crew. The 1.7.5. does not have diplomatic relations with North Kerea, "I want to rat:who:sire the SeriouseraS with which se view this flagrant North Korean action agolost a U.S. Naval vessel on the high ',was,' State Deportment spokesman Kith- � ert 4. alcCloskey sold. If S. officials obso said they are inking ''''err serious viess'; of tho apparent .itep.sip in Commiudit military action within South Korea-and Me apparent desire of North Korea to Increase lenSions throughout the area, Will Take Deemed to N. Noicans MCCIoskey Said that the matter of the Ship's release trill also he brought up directly with North Korea at meeting of the Afilitare Artuatite Cominission which is charged With enforcing the 1951 armistiee that ended the Korean war. A meeting of the Ithnitio group - nee United Nations officers and fire Commitulsts-is scheduled for 9 per. EST today at Pananinlom. The meeting had been scheduled to discuss a U.N., complaint abotar the attempt on Sunday night be North Korean agents to assassiome South Korean Pres!. sdent Chung lire Park The &tense Department said the Pitetth-st 179-foet -intelligence rellection mottlifire :hip" armed with two .50- caliber machine guns-was bo5nted about 25 miles off the North Korean shore. North Kenn, Ali% claims territorial itg.hts.p: miles (nit It sea, shid the itS, vessel nor within North Korean waters and labeled this t�pcovoeniton.- TO Incident took .placo shortly before midnight trash. Mama time-about lt4S p.m. Tuesday. Korean limo. President Johtann into awakened rind told Itinn the loci. dent about 2. a.m. and about natal today the White limae called the, sittiatiOn "tore seminar,' The Pueblo radical that. it was being forced to proceed In Me North Korean port ni Wonsan, and 'it wits presumed that it wns being held then. The Pueblo radioed that it dki not lire its weapons. There were unconfirmeti reports., however, that there were some wounded aboard. Word Caine From Pyingyang Radio First word from North Korea an the incident was broadcast from Pyongyang Ratlio claindag that North Korea had captured "an armed spy boat of the imperialist ag- gressor forte which intruded way Into the territorial waters of the republic anti was carrying out hostile artIvaies." Coincidental with the rapture of the Pyongyang also broadcast claims that 'armed guerrilla units" hail attacked sentry posts of the U.S. 2nd Infantry Division. In South Korea, There was no itornediate confirms- bad hero, but there were reports from Seoul of sporadic skirmishing in the 'northern part of South Korea, Many detaiLs on the Pueblo's capture are lacking but. accenting to the tkfctac Department onnotothement, this is what happened: St aPPPaatmatelY IS p,m. Est yesterday a Korth Korean patrol boat onprnachcd the Pueblo about 25 miles oft the North Korean coast, losing international flag signals, the North Korean boat See page o 60 6.����������=e1 miuis � � YON*: 'NORTH KOREA � t. �TAGYARIG SOUTH *.:0P 7 SEOUL KOREA 'Ms (Si .inarto opprosininte location of the USS ['nobly when it rails seized by North Korean patrol honks. I First Hill Reaction: Alarm, Indignation 112 Cls.Cii. I101.I.AND ss is. sash moo, The stinite of the COS Pueblo by North Korea brought deep concern-and intlignatino-M1 Capitol Mil today. Son, Richard It, Russell, DsGa., chairman of the Armed Services Coinrulttee, Said, "It is a very whim breach of Utters rational tow. which almoSt amounts to an act of war.," , Russel; said the Mails he has recessed am essraray," hut 4 ,d41.,,,i that he did not know why the Pueblo did net defend l05c11 or call the tie ,typoil chnirsg the two Ceuta or . that II Won thrtaiitned by the North Korean patrol taints. Sen. A. William Fultinght, I)-Ark., a milk of the administro� . Den s kietharn policies, said the ;incident was "'very (erious-if .It was on the high eras." 1 FaIhright klartascd the Ices , dent. wath reporters after Or 4S.-imato Foreign Relations Com- mittee, whigh At head, had ase- Ceived a briefing. from Richard � Helms, director 'Of the Geattn1 Intellig,enca Agency, an oceis gall intelligence rnattern. Flabright had a copy of the 'Defense Department statement. 1whith said the ship was an the high seas when it Was Seized by Muth Korean forces, Ile referral no this and under questieuing by reporters told. "Tin not in a position to un- derwrite what comes out of the l)efOase and State depart- moms " But, be added that it the ship was on toe ingh Seas "we ought 'to roof test the return of the ship , . , we mph( to protest." .Several 5enators, inelUdin2 thlajority Leader Mika:dam:told of Manama, related the ineirlath Sce llEACTioN, page A.4 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 THE EVENING STAR iyeeeteene, 0. C., rood, Jana, Ship Captured by Reds a ravy Vessel Doing a Navy Job By ORR KEIllee nor Staff 11suo The intelligence gathering ship capered by North Korea 'coley woe a Navy ship xith a Navy crew opentting on a )Nary mission. Infonned :Seethes eala the 1M Pueblo wee different from [the USS Lawny which was attacked by Lentli.threes off the I Sinai Peninstal Junent, ,. e Althoueth the fact was never confirmed by the Peetagen, il , it wns teemed at that time that the Navy operated the Liberty as a floating electronic Infatuation-gathering vessel tor the i ,Notional Security Agency, . 'Pentagon sources deelined le say just eant the nee of Ore lanthlo Was all the North Korean Chore, but there were indientents that Its asearnment was to monitor North Korean radio traffic sod radar operations for the Nary. Roth the United States and the Soviet Linkat have a number of electronic intelligeece, ships which perform a variety of roles. The Swiel ehips regularly operate near the bases for 11.5. Polaris miseile sulenarines and off Cape K.neely, They aire normally show up to keep an eye or, U.S. anti NATO manuevers. to the�Gulf of Tonkin, Soviet electronic trawlers shadow. U.S. aircraft carriers, operating just at the hotizon, beyond the carriers' destroyer rcreen. Their major purpose is pre- Aimed to be to act so an early warning system for North eletimmese antantreraft mews. The U.S. electronic reaps are used to help keep track of Ithelet missile anti epee,: benefice. Operating a abort tile- lanes off.thorr, they also are capable of listening Ls on radio traffic. and ploairg tho lecithin and pourer of shore-banal rater installations. The Russians have :A large trawlers and the United Steles has five converted merchant ships for electehnic eurs veillance. Is, edditiee. heth haltane have eizable numbers of smaller ships sueh as the hable.which are need Inc this peryoze, Combat zhips also carry a large array 'of sirnaar electronic equipment. The United States claims only a 3-rnile limit' off her shores, which means that Soviet veeesele can evraie juSi outside the 3.ntile Rutile and still bn Is Iracrentemae theft, , The Russians, leenh Koreans and a number of other natter, ebbe a 12-mile territorial lime. Chile clattn.s 'a 200- mile leak and has taken action against U.S. fiehleg boats . operatem within etret area. SHIP N. Koreans Seize U.S. Vessel, 83 Men 'Comintied Prete Page A,I asked the Peale to ideality Its netiozality. Tian Feeble ideal. lied itself as a U.S. Map, "Contireileg to see tiegsignals, the patrol boat said "heave to, inel will open ate on you." elle 'Pueblo replied: "I am In leternatIonal weters." The patrol beat circled the Pueblo. � Abele an hour later. three additional patrol craft 'appear- ed. - One Of them ordered: 'Tallow In my wake; I have a peel aboaed." eerdioas from North Korea over tIto peel year. Just a day before, a band of North Koreans sneaked into Segel and npperently tried to Anne the Blue fauna, the home of an Scull Korean chief of state, he acre detected sod driven off In a gun battle. There is no solid laformadem on who the North Koreans bath deckled to therease the temN of theft netivity triter years of generally quiet adberenee ta tire Ira aretheice. North Korean leader Kim le Sung, however, has constantly called for brood Interuatienel euppert for Nerth Vietnam. and The foe: shipe closed in. on the eaeef�..,laebffoeTe.t teUalaeltaea,��[IalLe; en Pueblo, tubing dathreat post- aeo, U.S. effort in (�at'ae" ,o. trots on bee bow, Dome and The Noe, Kee,��eos ore pee- (10050.5'. Amiably embarrassed try the, lied Planes Overhead fact that South Pores has con. tribe:cif two divthions to the al- �Two MIG aircraft were alas Sad �,,e, le e.,,ethee, �e�, they sighted be the Pueblo's t..ua b�., doer .,,,,,,,g even comp, circling off 'I' atarb'at�i bay'', able[ Thor North Nomaae are Otte of the Petrel croft beam, =Mil to have teethed some Nor-th backing mewled the bow of theitieteee, peke eee moiled Pueblo with fenders rigged. A555 aircraft, armed boarding party was: standing on the bow. A Militant Broadeast The Pueblo radioed at 11.451 Tbe nee', ezo�en beoee�.., ail' EST that she w" belay was !Meet with mill:ant Ion- hoarded by North Koreans, the geese, P 1 'f',w'' .M.P'ru" n "a_eid' � It claimed that the Seoul Al 12510 sot, CST le,i0Y oie Korean government was beset Pueblo reported that she bad by the revolt Lem the patriot!, been requested to follow the South Korean people.' This has North Kar""laba into War's" been a standard escuse from and that she had not used nay �rib Korea whenever non,, of weapon, their I:dile-eters are captured. The final reeseSe irate the The hroaticast linked the cap. Feeble teas sent et 12132 A.m, tare of the Vessel with the M- R reported that it hnd come to temp, by Norte leo�en egeete "all stop" and that it was t�go- to assassinate President Park. Mg all the air." "Th,s U.S. imperialist. as- Exert Loention Given ,..ecesor f,ore.., _bogtheeng ho go The Pueblo had reported that wild at the tromere the fierce the boarding took place at 127 surprise attack was thunehed at degrevs, 54.3 [Menthe Cent lanai- the heart of Seoul�fired thou- lode; 35 degrees, 25 cr.inutes sands of rounds of small arms north latitude. and artillery fire ago our area Secretary of State Dean Rank toot night, while en the sea they called it a "matter of utmost gravhy." At the United Nations. U,S. Ambassader Arthur J. Goldberg expressed concern" to U.N. Secretary-General: Ti Thaet but, said he did not ask for any li.N, help in getting the vessel released. The Pueblo has a complement of 83 men, incIdding six officers, 75 enlisted men and two civil. inns. It is diaignared as the AGR.2 and is described as a modified light cargo slap eAKL). The Pu- eblo is 179 feet long and 33 feet wide with a displacement of 905 tares. It has a 10.2 foot draft. ith mattimum speed is 12,2 knots., Nebraskan le Skipper The skipper of the Pueblo was identified by the Pentagon as Comniander Lloyd Mark Bucher of Lincoln, Neb. . The veeeel repartee� the ,11.5. Navy�not tie 11.S. intelligence agencies. Navy soothes said the term "auxiliary" reed lathe ship's identification serves to indicate that if is an auxiliary to the fleet and pot a combet� ship. It is said to have various elec- tronic and oceanographic equip merit aboard, presumably allow- lag It to monitor radio traffic as well as to take soundings 'on the possible prthence of submarines and other ships in the area. The incident�tbc gravest "sea confrontation since the Gulf of Tonkin euacks in Auguet 1544� is the latest fn a series of pro, sent as: armed spy vessel of the U.S. forces to intrude into we- ets off Woman and perpetthte serious provocation. -What a brazen-faced dthper- ate death-led kick this DI Ore naval vesseLe engaged is patrol duty en the eau captured the armed vessel of the U.S. Imper- ialist eggeeesor force and the entire crew. resolutely defyhae the counterattack," the brand- cast gad. thing words to the etyle of Red Chinese leader Mao Toe- long, the broadcast said that U.S. and South Korean forces Tan never suppless the anti. U.S. antegovernment struggle of he patriotic South Korean peo- ple which Is forcefully threading like a prairie fire." Memories of June A In a way. today's incident brotmht memories of another nide, when another U.S. ship, the Liberty, was attacked by esthete planes mtd torpedo boats in the'lleeliterranean last June 8 �during the Arab-12:3cl! war� and 3-i American:: were killed and over 100 others injured. The White' House "hot line" to elomow was used diring that crisis, . The Liberty; a communica- tions ship, was 15 miles north of an Sinai Peninsula, the Pen- tagnn said, when the attack took place. Israel later offered to 'Make amends for the "tragic Inci- dent," is whith the Israelis claimed no flag was being flown by the veseel. The Defense Department shortly alter the Incident said that the U.S. could not accept an "attack upon a elearly Marked nencOmbatant U.S. naval ship in international waters as 'plausible' under any eirthmstances whatsoever." South Vietnamese. civilians awaiting evettation nt nn airstrip outside the town of Kite Snith -Aisei.ao ere, seniter in terrier as the Soffit Vietnaineee loft moiler shells into the nett. . NORTH KOREANS STEPPED UP RAIDS IN SOUTH DURING 1967 North Korea vastly increased Its guerrilla activities against &math Korea last year. A relent made en Nov, 2. 19557, to the United Nations by Ambesseder Arthar 3, Goldberg said that for the Rest. 10 months of 19(7 there had been a total 01 143 Incidents� In =trust to 50 invidoes In Hee. Goldberg, speaking for the U.N. Cammand, sold that ir.eidenis were caused by small groups of Mx to nine men up to about 00. blast of the infiltration auerupts wore over sod but there were also several larKlingS from the eve. Goldberg said. In general, the North Korean agents set ambushes, laid miser, performed raids and engaged in other saver- eive activities. Goldberg said. These were all in violation of the July 27, 1953, mili- tary arraLetice agreement Goldberg raid. Goldbma complained that the Military Arinietice Corn- ntlien has r.ot functioned properly because "the North KO.= eentor member thosistuntly disavows any respon- sibility ler the violations of the ermistieelegmement. even uhen caefrontea with ineontestable meleran to the coo' vary." REACTION Congress Indignant At Seizure of Ship CornInued Prom Page .0.1 to this country's itivolvement in the l'ictrtarn tear. `Incidents of this kind, un- fortunately, are ta be expected in areas where mch uncertain coaditions Mansaeld said. Ma question immediately arose at the Capitol on the loth,- range effect of the North Korean action in view Cif the commit- Meats la Scuth Vietnam. On this point Ressell eat& "While too are rather nidely spread all once the world. loot sure that we.will be able to fel- �Jill cur commitments in Viet. nam and maintain oar prettiest in Korea." Russell thstructed the staff of the /tented Services Committee to obtain all facts on the Pueblo quieltly an passible. "We Got Carsitt" In his first comment in responie to questions, Ful- , bright said: �WA got caught- rais, as You know, we, an intelligence-, gathering skip,"' lie recalled that a similar in-: telligenee step wee nttaceed last summer and nearly sunk off the Israeli coast. Asked if ; this emeriti). was .theitiug dan- gers of this kind, Full:eight said the operetion of such ship3 re- e sults is "exposure to incidente of this kind." VIETNAM More GIs Are Rushed- To Embattled Sector Confirmed Fenn, lingo .5�1 from the Kite yards base that U.S. Marine commamiers feared the sMall allied form in the tenth of l(he Sanh could net hold out nfeeituf another North hick' remote attack. Thatupparently notto ntho the reason for the with- dermal from [thong has, The U.S. thenmend said II heel received ue thport of any rig- nificant nctioa nt Saab to- day, but the Marine observation post en In fat, one of three etretegic. peak: overlooking the nerthWeSt approaches to Simth Vietnam, had tome under light sporadic ehelliug. Meanwhile, IMISSINIS U.S. air power kept up the premiere On North Vietnamese buildup areas threatening the vollry, mere than 2.0) American bombers, th- reading B53 strategic bombers, dropped an mtimated LOD) tons of exploeives on suspected Com menist gun positions, trot) eon- centeatione end iefiltration tutees in the last 24 boom. Sane of the targets were pule a mite frost the Lnotian bottler, a staging area for Um North Vietnamese 32.5i; Division wheee mete have been shelling sodas. tacking allied exWtiten in the 'Cho air strikes cost nether American pinne, the ethond in two deve in support of Ian Saab not the Teeth deviled in combat In South Vietnam, A Marine 8i4 Phantom dIvehumbing Comely- Heath Republican Leader Gerald IL Ford sold, "the United State, government should demand that North Kerte re- the l'etebto ferthwith. If thn sneeze was cruising Ia Ude, aational waters, 51 WSS SPP.ar� ently the case, there is no jos- tifivatioti whatever for the action taken by the North Koreans." 'Flexing elaseles' Sen. Stuart it:onion..., D..hta., said thme tens "no reason" the ship thould have been attacked in international waters. lie .commented oat for a long time the degree of commitment by the United States in Vietnam mild only resuli In other roue- . triees' "blueing their muecles." Ifs said the North Koreans have veleta to ekerr pressure through "planned, calculated efforts." Rep. William finery Dates. 11. 31 ass., top-ranking Republican Ott the floes� Armed Services ciammittee, sold the sethere aeetne to bath been a dastard- ly act of phaeaer Ile called en President Johnson In any even: to "take uhatever action is nee. easmy to eee that the ship is re- turned. to us.". ' Lst positions wan brought dewu ereenlay hy gruund fire, hut UV MO crewmen par/malt:ea reel were quickly reseued.with only nenor injuries. -The North Vietriameee hare aLeo killed 20 hlarines arid weenie-id Olin attacks since Sat. inlay emend kale Sash, de- troythl three helicopters and Imaged seeeral others.lbe the I.S. Cernmarel enye at least lid of the enemy hove been killed, elennithile, at the eastern end of the demilitarized mere near the allied archer at Gin Lthh, emelt elettueneet task force sWeeping alont the coast report- ed killing In berth "Vietnamese mop., and capturing four ens- oilers In n one-hour fight. Gov. ernment eesualties were report- ed light. Transfer Of a brigade of the lot Air Covalry leivieion to the flue-Phu Rai areo beasts allied strength to abate 50,005) teen us perceot of the American; s- in Sank Vietnam's two north- ernencet premieres, re...a TM end Thus 'Men. Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 eo g I ATE higence �e By FRED S. HOFFMAN Associated Peals Military Writer Capture of the Pueblo by the North � Koreans � and the Pentagon's ack- � nowledgement the ship was a Navy ' intelligence vessel � lifts the official ' lid on worldwide electronic spying by , the major powers. , It marks a drastic change from the ' Pentagon's insistence that the Liberty, a spy ship shot up by the Israelis off Egypt last June, was a "technical re- search ship." "Intelligence collection by naval vessels is a routine activity among major powers," a defense off irial said � Tuesday, indicating a more relaxed attitude toward suggestions the United States engages in this kind of activity. � "It is common lmowledge that for a � number. of years intelligence collecting ships have followed U.S. fleet activi- ties in various parts of the world," he added. The official obviously was al- luding to the Soviet Union's terrier- like electronic eavesdropping vessels , which show up wherever U.S. fleets . are manuevering and near important Polaris submarine and other bases. : Such ships, in the guise of fishing , trawlers, are "in fact positioned in international waters off the shores of the 'United States and ether nations right now," this official said. The U.S. intelligence vessels � which listen in on the radio traffic of other countries, spot radar site� and gather information to permit jamming, � them � and the Soviet Union's deep sea intelligence ships are parts of an extensive electronic intelligence sys- tem which has grown up in the Cold War years. There are spy-in-the-sky satellites, both Soviet and American, whirling about the earth with almost unbelieva- bly accurate cameras and "ferret" listening devices for eavesdropping on radio communications. There are unmanned drones with sensitive information-gathering equip- ment. There are destroyers carrying "black boxes" which slip close to hos- tile shores to intercept radio talk, re- cord coded messages and pick up other information. One of the two US, de- stroyers involved in the historic Ton- kin Gulf attack by North Vietnamese patrol boats in August 1964 reportedly had been on such a mission. The United States and Soviet Union, say nothing about what they know of the other side's electronic snooping from space. But the U.S. Navy complains out lsnmszeirzzom REM, ion Now Routine loud about the operations of the Soviet "trawlers," some of which get into the flow of fleet traffic and sometimes interfere with carrier and other opera- tions. Members of Congress also have ex- pressed alarm about increasingly ac- tive Soviet naval snooping. Soviet trawlers have been reported standing off Polaris submarine bases at Holy Loch, Scotland, at Rota, Spain, Guam, and Charleston, S.C. The Red trawlers monitored U.S. A photo of the Pueblo taken when it was on Army supply ship. Its number was changed when it became a Navy ship last July. nuclear weapons tests in the Pacific in 1960. U.S. vessels have taken positions in the Pacific to observe the re-entry and splashdown of Soviet intercontinental ballistic missiles fired into the mid- Pacific. A Soviet Intelligence-gathering trawler, the Anemometer, collided with a U.S. intelligence ship, the Ban- ner, in the Sea of Japan in June 1966. The 935-ton Pueblo is one of three of her class, all converted light cargo vessels. She has about eight whip antennae and two heavy masts hung with spe- cial electronic gear. The Pueblo engages in hydrographic surveys as well as electronic intelli- gence, dropping devices into the water to measure its temperature at various levels, its salinity and its density. All these factors are important in antisub- marine warfare work because they affect the penetration of sonar beams. - All told, there are about a dozen clearly identifiable intelligence-type ships in the U.S. Navy, along with about 15 oceanographic survey ships which may well serve an intelligence function also. Then there are the destroyers and other surface craft which can be equipped with electronics sensors as needed. The Liberty, at 11,000 tons, was a bigger and more sophisticated intelli- gence vessel. Among other things, the Liberty was equipped with a "big ear" dish-type detector that could monitor communi- cations more than 100 miles distant. There are five vessels in the Liberty class with crews of nearly 300 men each. There were reports the Liberty was operated by the Navy for the super- secret National Security Agency, whose mission is to crack the codes of foreign countries and to pick up and analyse foreign radio communications. for us." Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 Index is on Page 2 Classified advertising starts on Page 49 CITY EDITION 4r1,, WASI:1.1 N GTO N e15 I 1:174-41 1 THURSDAY, JANUARY 25, 1968 1013 13th St., 8W. (atoos Dr. 7-7777 47th Yea, -Na. 55 Secvnd Class Posing., St I.:ato:I, D. C. � Ptibliched Daily 1-Ireqt Sanday Enterprise' Le high 3.1.1.4,. tow !fear O. 'rumarro.... molly v,,irttwr. Today al: S ft. ds Missile Ships FORCE Viets Send Annored Vehkles to Khe Soh � A pleasant stmy about is Gov- minivan chauffeur who came up with a helpful idea and won an award for it is John Cramer's special today. Page 2, � There was a way-out meeting of nhippic,"and "s tralgh t." cut- lures, w,ay out in Georgetown last night to ponder allegations of police harassment of the Mow Children. Page 5. � Our Latin American affairs re- porter, Virgihin Prewett, has a horrifying report of Sitirti dear- mice in Haiti, where '1�Sfetime President- Du valier dispos- sessed a whole waterfront settle- ment with ,bulldozers, gasoline And rifles � without adVance no- tice. Page 7. o The "Imrd line" on the Vietnam war which was e.spressed in the Republicans televised reply to President Johnson's "State of the Union" has stirreti up some dissent. Page. 7, � Food Editor Marion Rums hall' detailed information about what goes on in the kitchen of Govern- ment Houset in Annapolis � what Gov. Agnew likes to eat. etc. Page a � Speculation in the stock market is "at. fever pitch," says corre- spondent :Robert -*Dietkli, and the SEC Is keeping' an eagle eye on the operations. Page 38. Cmdr. Arnheiter, at Ease Lt. Comdr. itlarcus Aurelius Arttheite r is the center figure In a ease 7oOh has been referred to as the first mutiny in U.S. Navy history. lie was re- moved from command as a resell of coMplaints by his subordinate officers. and he's been fighting the Establishment ever since. Here, he's shown in his San Rafael, Calif., home with two of his five children, 2-year-old twins Kim- berly (lelt) and Kathy. Jim Lucas' Report Begins on Page 3 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 rk,re Warships Led by Giant 'Carrier Ts 8E0116. inn. � A 1,4)rful Anterieco lash force led by the nuclear nOwered giant air- craft carrier Enterprise untied roily onto station t. Se miles I the Itirthitcretin eoest. mllilarr. ropOrts saki, The En ' terprise the nuclear pored frigate f, *failetoe, the.frignte 'falsity nod twto or three eih. er destroyers woe reported to have moved into the waters riff the-Korean eces1 roast to D Stone Of, fenev folleMing the North Koomn seizure of the ISS nt.&:,kt ��nfl its The 11.71t)-(on Enterprise, worlds largest-war- ship carrying tip to itto jet rightel.boultli...rs, hu Tnixion oral the liaise:: ore all armed with guid- ed missiles...mainly for anti-aircraft use. But the Terrier missiles :As.) ealt hit shore targets. ' � They slcamedleto the vadem across the heel( 'rem fromthe North Korean port of WOnc from Sasebo, Jannn. 111:: k�arcior bad MR the port honnti for rielnum waters, Flu, Ttlesday hijack- ing or the Pueblo *patently changed Its course On atom two .tmerican divisions nod half a million &with Korean trolls were reporteal. en higlier than usual alert along the North-Saudi Kw rem truce lute, US, troops were reported to have killed two owtmunist Infiltraters in at least 041) litiet tights Wiley. . In other deimionments: � � A North 'Korean radio broadcast said finch% Lloyd tttlark Becher, captain of the hijacked Pueblo, admitted his vessel was -carrying out eu- t'srWO work inside North Korean Waters for the CIA. � It apnea:cif Cnnin. Bother and his reeve may have been able to dottrey some of the tothsonet electronic and communications gear aboard Pueblo before the North Korearta managed In board the intelligence close]. Fur the first time yesterday. Defense officials reveated that emir. Bucher hari messaged. presumably while his still) was being bearded, that he mess destroying the, equipment. In ziOnd. South Foreign AtinistO Clad Kytt�iimisvarned Norlitltema against more "bar. hark acts." tO top Korean army general told newsmen his troops strongly favor action agem51 North Korea, ito Song/ Korean army was pi en a -tit:de at readiness." moo: South 1-ftnean pah'ul boats were reported nut out to son along tine natien's east and wrs1 ceaits. Reinforcements were reported sent In the border, � In TakYik Jaimmese ofticiats quoted 11. Alexis JOhlt.0)1, 1)10 American andiassesior; ss saying the Einernnse was sailing on secs south or the nMh Parallel" which forms ihe North-South Es- tee border. II marked the first official word 611 the cotterea- bouts of therm:1;1er Since d left inane. ACASS,INS, Kyu.lian 01 (0.1r..:1111,11 Pouch Korea wilt net�Ifteit'4illy on Surth Korea's, barbaric acht uP fraVe5.S.,101/ the Pueblo seIntre 'ewttiZga- y's yam- atter/Ink It North Korean tmtftllrat ors -.0Iiisia&sTnate dent Park Chung Kee. --001. Oleo 'When Vincenzo Strano. of- llartfard. Cohn., learned his younger son, Seaman Angelo Serene, 81 fright, WDS 011 the captured Pueblo. It.'. petitioned the Army to return his other san. mantes, la. left, Irmo Vietnam, lie learned, otter his petition. that James had beim killed in Vietnam, where he'd been Serving since (mother. - � .��� � South Korean inones ltisitet.gate opn iFeent.durfult a seareh for North Kercitet trato6. !IOW troops hoer killed eight '0,e, 11?c,lVt4thittgitti Ntne,s, Thut-stgly�.lanuary IT, tiled 9 TO 4:30, uffeur v os P e It,- jolts: citAsittli ni uot very big these dap aa mulcting Federal employe ecutunity sug4eStletts � bui this nue intrigues ale. .Inates Crudup is it Transport. tatitin Department chatifrettr. Airplones iltot tot in his line of duty � the lit his off hotel, he's ntt ftirpltunt buff. Anyway, when nttigned ie. rattily to tlr1e his boss to Nat finnal Airport, be noticed something and made n suggestion. lit' noticed Motel damns on the ceoliary power units used to start reiroact at ������t National anti other airport:, thromut the cownry. I lie suggested that plastic dumps %tank! be ..eafer ... lest apt to cut 111Oct/hies and produce short I eircuffs. Se li".1A hits odepi.tal his suggestion .. wren lute a cash tr.tarti � nod rei,rreil his idea to Ann), Navy, Ale Force end other major aircraft users. If they, too. Wept it. he'll bit it> line for additional . Troshmen's Gripe �gat klp traih eutterters that They hate, a regulaioui lotilientor-st ,rho.' oeksitue as to CaSSInate Pre...Went Palk Chong tiee, bringing to la the nunther of assmslux Ph$.0 Congressmen Urged Not. te. Lose Their 'Cool' HUD Caufiion!ed 10 Pueblio It,- PAN a tioatAreioN Mr. Goulding said this Inform:am was ob. :/cererfra ore men wmti , 'flits Jmhflmuntt ,vriotoi,tiort.a r(Aoy. ui 045 on Congress-the #..anto adore C1'11! an of --tate Ozstes push gave 'North Kara Waking the rat' turWiraistr4USC" f't)ebte� "noel li.." , This note.of catitian � debt/errst to et/ego/saw/ft- torehm policy let-tiers at White 111.1t*e and 1,-j1. hot fill briefings �Isolated a( dampening angry public reaetion against North Korea. The Admin. fserlation tears public clamor could help back it into it situniksi where it inilitary oil:Natation is Inevitable, And the Administration, at this does niu repot the Puebla Incident as I challenge to war. White it is nor. minimizing the gra( ity of the situation, it is determined to Nestle it number of diplomatic alternatives before taking-majer fai- t:try' and cpgrisuE 'Determination to continue diplomatic efforts comes despite Russia's refusal to co-operate in helping win the- release of the intelligence ship and Its ninon crew and despite an initial rebuff freen North Korean representativea of the Mill- (my t)rmisticeCenimission at Panmunjom. A State Deptirtment spokemme saki "we hope" tilts is not 'tussle's or North Koten's Cacti ankwer. Ile Sail! the 1111S,i01$3' (allure to ... eta- operate out/ally does not oaf RS. attempts 10 use Moscow as "an appropriate channel" to North Koma, Sir. Rusk is-id a chvezkleor meeting of the House Foreign ;Wang Committee, however, that the U.S. will not let Me situation drag on ISI/ler!. ninety Mai that the North Koreans are aware ef this. .Aud Mr. Refs. Committee sources said. ended Snee'ulation as to whether, in fact. the Pueblo might muse heist inSide North Korea's territOrial waters. The facts: hit-saint clearly arein the U.S. favor. Phil G. Assistant Secretary of De- fense for Public Affairs, barked this up last night by reporting the co-ordinat& radioed by the Pueblo are exactly lie same as these fixed by North Korea when it, began tracking the shin on radar before ante-elle:Wing it. . � tamed thru "intelligence sources" moutoring th.tt'llt*Kerean internal ceenutunicatiOns. The Its placed ihe Puttbkt ZS miles from the North Ko- rean' mainland sari if; mites from the offshore IskInds, Non-tb Korea clahnS a .1.24nlie territorial limIL A -Tititep,..irret d " " 44%0 confession by the Pueblo's stinger. , (*tot Nt. Bucher, that ho was spying for the , 'The style and Wording of the donutiont Pro- xide unmittnikable evidence in themselves that etti, cot's 001 serhten or prepared by on Ameri- can," tie. Couhting said. This Pre:dill:tit, in addition to sending top 001- einis to Congress, discussed the .ship's capture trith hiS closest adviser-a. The atniasphere of the nwerings tens reported to be calm MU coneerned. There :seemed to be Seine .indicatitan North No, ma might Iv preparing to release the Pueblo's crew While keepin,,,. the ship. This Was Seen to roo,..ok, by North Korean 'Unto/wade representm tiees vim said the Pueblo "will remain In our bands" but said nettling about the Crew. nigh Administration Sources shill Ihere Li "plenty of room maneuvet" before tary action against North Korea may be rem/iced, . _ � t � 11. SITS: . ft In the event of a truck breakdown. the. Ns.... sinned crew nitro continue work until its enfant mote.haa Nen ealleefsel.' � When breakdown time is less than r,0 ug,, there'll he iso i'l,:erthtto pity. lily late, agcto cies have discretion to deny premium pity for tom-time lesa don en boort, . That, in no case, will "etunpodelry overtime" Neuied two heves, te That refusal to work overtime will be rause for disminhnary aCtiOn. I think that can be INNtd thot einglnytst. can rceptind, antler thrust of aiSe10031Y Pon' atty. to nark three or four or five bourn one,. time � with premium pay only two hems. ir the Stu/kat/on Orpartment 114" something else lu caluti let it Say it, tandinued en Page Mr. tioulding aim rejected sa a ra est> _ Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 _....Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 wp,o. AmArforogie ,Ft-ory,716 STI: .419"re :1' 'HEY, voillroo YOU. THINK-s-yoult-E2Dolfrar Getting the Pueblo Back THE ship and its 83-man crew � some of them wounded � must be released without further delay. . . It was Monday noon Korean time that the USS Pueblo Was captured by a gang- up of North Korean patrol boats and forced into Wonsan harbor. All right, ,the communists have� had their � fun, tweaked Uncle Sam's nose, made their propaganda coup. Now it's high time they gave the ship back. There's a hint the North Koreans know they have to do so. It lies in the crude, hastily drafted "confession" at- tributed to Cmdr. Bucher, the Pueblo's skipper. " . .. Our parents and wives and children at home are anxiously waiting for us to return home. in safe (sic).-.. We only hope that. we will be forgiven leniently . ..." North Korea's smug rejection of the U.S. demand to return the ship, made at a Panmunjom armistice 'meeting yes- terday indicates, however, the Pyon- gyang pirates want to gamble a bit and string us 'along. There's no comfort, ei- ther, in word thatthe Russians rebuffed Washington's appeal to intervene. We still hope the Russians, recalling the Crises over Berlin and Cuba, would pass on the word that when the Americans get riled, it doesn't pay to fool around too long. . . But what should the Johnson Adminis- tration do? It should make an all-out ef- fort thru all available channels to get , the Pueblo back by diplomatic means � before resort to force. B e s Id e s seeking intervention of friendly governments; neutrals and communists with whom we are on f speaking terms, the U.S. should request an urgent meeting of the United Nations Security Council. We should present a two-part plan: (1) North Korea must re- lease the Pueblo immediately, and (2) the U.S. will participate in an impartial investigation of the whole episode, and let the facts come out as they will. The most important objective is to de- fuse this explosive crisis by freeing the ship and its crew � and gather all the facts later, after the crisis has cooled. This means the Security Council must. not just meet and palaver as it did in last year's Middle East crisis, but must quickly get results � the return of the Pueblo. - Perhaps the UN would prove incapa- ble of getting action within a reasonable time. But at least we owe it to the world community and to our own principles as� Americans' to try the peaceable ap- proach first. But let the North Koreans mark it well: grabbing Off the tiny USS Pueblo may have been easy, but the carrier task force, including the mighty USS Enterprise, has not moved into the Sea of Japan without purpose. Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 l'AMN�W`VVVM .�V� `ZO `M14� \*VAV MMM Home Towns Withheld Defense I:4f. Lists Crew. of. Pueblo The Defense Department yesterday named all but two of the 83 men aboard the hijacked intelli- gence ship USS Pueblo, but withheld their home towns. The department said the men aboird the ship were being given the same consideration as those captured or missing in Vietnam. Hometowns and Stewart Crogello P. Abeion, Stewart Rizalino L. Aluogue, Communications TeC h n I c Ian Wayne D. Anderson, Fireman Richard E. Arnold, COmmuniCations Technician Charles W. Aling, Communications Technician Don Earl Bailey, hospital corpsman Herman T. Boldridge, Enoineman Richard I. Borne. seaman Peter M. Bonder�, Communications Technicial MiCha el Thomas Barrett, Boatswain Mote Ronald L.Berens, fireman Howard E. Bland, and eng in em an Rushel .1. Blansett. Communications Technician Ralph D. Bouden, Communiccrtiorts Technician Paul David Brushrtahon, C,rndr. Lloyd M. Bucher, Boatswain Mate Willey C.Busseil, Yeoman Armando M. Canales, Marine Sgt. Robert J. -Chico3, Radioman Charles Henry Crandell Jr., Communications Technician Bradley R. ro w e, Communications Technician Rodney H. Duke, Seaman Stephen P. Ellis, Communications Electrician, Victor 0.� Esoomilia, Storekeeper PoPicaipo P. Garcia, Communications Technician Francis John Ginther, Enginemon Monroe 0. Goldman. Communications technician John W. Grant, Electricians Mate Gerald William Hogenson; Marine Sgt. Roger J. Hammond, Lt. Stephen R. Harris, Ensign T I rn oth y Lynn Harris, Radioman. Lee Roy Hayes, Fireman John Charles Higgins Jr., Seaman Robert. W. Hill -Jr., Fireman Duane D. - Hodges, Communications Technic:gal -.Sidney J. Karnes, CornmunlaatIona Z other details, were withheld .because they might be of use to their captors. � One man was withheld because his nearest rel- atives could not be located, and another Was not reported because his next-of-kin requested the omission. The others were: Technician James � F. Kell, Communications Technician Earl M. Kisler, Boatswain Mate Morbert J. Kleppe, W/0 Gene H.. Lacy, Communications Technician Anthony A. Lamantla, Communications Technician Peter M. Lagenberg, Quartermaster Charles B. Law Jr., Communications Techn I clan James D. Layton, Signalman Wendell G. Leach. Commissoryman Harry Lewis. Communications Technician� Ralph McCtintock, P h o tog raphers Mate Lawrence W. Mack, Seaman Roy J. Maggard, Seamans Apprentice Larry J. Marshall Fireman William Thomas Massie, Fireman Jahn Arthur Mitchell, Lt. Edward R. Murphey, Electricians� Mate Clifford C. Nolte, Fireman Miohael A. O'gannon, Communications Technician Donald R. Peppard, Seamans Apprentice Earl R. Phores, Quartermaster Alvin- H, Plucker, Commissaryman Ralph -E. Reed, Seaman Dole E. Rigby, Communications Technician David Lee Ritter, Communications Technician Steven J. Robin, Seaman Recruit Richard J. Raga! a, Seaman Recruit Ramon Rosales, Seaman Edward S. Russell, Eng i nem a n William D. Scarborough, Lt. (JG) Frederick C. Schumacher, .Communications Teehnician James A. Shepard, Communications technician John Allen Shilling, Seamans Apprentice John Robert Singleton, Fireman Norman .W. Spear, Communications Tech/11010n Charles FL Ste/11%w � � - � �, � Communications Technician Angelo S. Strano, Fireman La wrence E. Strickland, Gunners Mate Kenneth R. Wadi ey, Fireman Steven E. Woelk, Communications Technician Elton A. Wood, Enginernon Darrel D. Wright and civilians Harry R. Iredale on Dunnle Richard Tuck Jr. The civilians are oceanographers. (UP) Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 BY Wang Me!ionise�The Washington Post U.N. Ambassador. / G,oictberg w.h Pensident Johnson. g;44....,k pei...7,-..2. eg Pueblo s Orders Restricted Gunfire The standing instructions for the USS Pueblo were to avoid an international incident by moving out of the area if .harassed rather than use her guns, it was learned yesterday. The ship's three .50-caliber machine guns were to be kept under canvas unless the surOival of the ship de- !pended on them. These rules for ferret, or spy, ships like the Pueblo may explain why her skipper, Cmdr. Lloyd N. Bucher, wait- ed until it was too late to resist the North Korean boarding Monday night. Reliable sources said last night that North Koreans boarded the Pueblo without one shot being fired by the ,:mericans. The injuries to four Pueblo crewmen, it was ;earned authoritatively, came � irom the explosions 13ue1ter set cff to destroy the ship's secret spy equipment. Racked by Superiors The very topside of the Navy ic standing behind Bucher on the basis of facts on hand so far. Top officers regard Hu- cher's decisions as consistent .ith his instructions to avoid trouble. Mrs.. Rose Bucher, wife of the Pueblo skipper, said in an interview last night that Adm. Thomas H. Moorer, Chief of Naval Operations, had ex- pressed the Navy support or her husband's decisions in, a t..rienhone call yesterday. The Pueblo is not a fighting ship, but a passive one With !lie job of eavesdropping on communications all around it. Her crew are electronic spe- cialists rather than experi- enced gunners used to rushing I,. . battle stations. Navy officers reason that . Bucher sate the four North Korean patrol boats as another in a long series of harassing See BUCHER, All, Col. 6 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 � � leo 4S' THE WASHINGTON POST Friday: Jarti,f6, 1968 A 1.1. BUCHER-Froni Page Al Pueblo's Orders Restricted Gunfire actions. Even after the North Koreans forced their way aboard at gunpoint, Bucher could have reasoned this was a temporary tweaking of the United States, rather than a plan to capture the ship. . There are no sea .cocks on the Pueblo that could have been opened to let enough water into the hull to sink the ship. And sources said such ships do not ordinarily carry explosives other than the small ones needed to destroy spy equipment and codes. This would seem to rule out any chance of Bucher scut- tling his ship. And if he did so, the lives of his 82 crewmen could have been lost�either: through freezing in the cold water where the Pueblo lay or from the North Koreans open- ing fire on them. Bucher's only chance, then, seemed to be help from other U.S. ships or planes. This did not arrive from the time Bu- cher sent out his call about midnight Monday (EST) until the undisclosed time�at least two hours later � when the Pueblo was taken into the North Korean port of Wonsan. It was also learned yoster�. day that the .Pueblo lay dead in the water with water col- lection bottles strung over the side when first accosted by the North Koreans. The water samples were part of the Pueblo's oceanagraphic re- search. Richard Halloran, Washing- ton Post correspondent in Seoul, said sources there claimed the Pueblo's crew was taken off the ship shortly after capture. The Pueblo's officers, he said, then were flown to Pyongyang but the enlisted men .presumably were kept in Wonsan The Pueblo's capture had all the earmarks of a long-planned operation, Halloran wrote. The North Korean Defense :Minister reportedly flew to Wonsan to inspect � the ferret ship. The fate of Bucher was still not known here last night. North Korea's radio sent out a broadcast of Bucher's alleged confession. The voice, alleged to be Bu- cher's, said "I and my crew have perpetrated such a grave criminal act, but our parents and wives and children at home are anxiously waiting for us to return in safety. "Therefore," the broadcast continued, "we only hope, and it is the greatest desire of my- self and all my crew, that we will be forgiven leniently by the government of the Demo- cratic Peoples Republic of Korea." In San Diego, Bucher's wife said after hearing a recording of the broadcast: "That is not my husband's voice. It does not sound in any remote way like my husband. The inflections and sound were not his." Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 Index is on Page 3 Classified advertising starts on 7 CENTS Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 A-S,HINGTON 1 WEDNESDAY. JANUARY 24 toD Oth 4711, Sreniil Cinv PliVeyn ni �Li, p, c, Ihniy F-s-e-PE$agdati ikiag at is 'Glenn L. Hut curd. Thc suit uses erwear_ is being developed , 31inri.; Joe the. Navy's A as u y the �space Weather !Jou sww.-orie in' 1110 SnSO:. :innw noillin4 WOOL Is 21.1, l'oclitr al II o. ni. . IS NU1710 GREATER Washington Edition Red Patrols' Seizure Pueblo Is Linked in Vietnam Stories on Pages 2 and 3) � ' (jiitrict's pOSti1 mIst has backed down a little:from his ON .blacklisting six yashiligton docters in his. crackdown on sieh leave, abuses, John Cramer re- ports. rage 2. " � Searchers' (oiirrdliht ra (bane- tivitv at the place where' a B-52 'eh-tilled with a load of ii-bomhs, in�Greciitrind, but rio sign oi the plane or the bonilik: Page 7, - 0 A report from Cape Kennedy says Some of our 46 Scientist. as- tronaut; are Unhappy with Use , spec' program and' may quit,: Page. 7, � The' Viet COng have relca,sed two captured Aineritan soldiers in ,aorthern 8oulh Vieth.s in, The comtnuniSts base launched an artillery barrage against the liostion Of Kite Snail, near the lJMZ Four fled, (1105iotts.. are r-,' geS' drive Stotia'onTlige � Rep. With i r Mills. seg- ileightited "attorney for die tax- � payers," notified the Adminis- trillion it ;mist cut spending if It wants h 1 g h a r" income taxes. Page 12. *Oar Eashion. Editor: Nina ilyde, has lieu own Ilst of Best Dressed' Women and its somewhat differ- ent from the usual. because It's . pretty \Vashington-Orieined. Page 31. � 0 Maryitind's Rep. Gilbert Gude also a nurseryman (plants and things) and this sort of leads to- Clare Crawford's story Of how Iris office came to be' infested wilts praying rnantises,,Page 34, The. Redskins' Otto Graham ad- mits "I'm talking trades," but - other_ than that he has no cont- inent about all the witectlialt- .,deahng iii advance of next Tuck- days Olayta draft. Tome Yorke rfs--on, PagO!'1.0, � Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 'a Pt go. 2 U. S. Mounts � Show of Strength e s o f,A,Nef1JN.10.V. Kneel, Jan. 24 WPII � In a truce line confrontation, the United ,States today de- man:het Neirth Korea return the hietiked tSS retehle sod it gi men toil the eommulist teginte said it Will keep the Intelligence ship. "The step will remain in Tu. hands," Mill Den. Pak Chung Kul: of :earth Korea told U.S. Beer Adrairal John V, Sinith at a thee-te.thee meeting of the }Oman Anitk,e Truce Getnini&nn� Pak also said several Americans were end wteintled" in yesterday's ship capture. Admiral Smith seinthed Nerth Koren of launch. tug a -eartthnign of prevecation, sabotage and aseessinallem" lie said, "if the, North Korean regime persists in tide campaign, which can only end;mger the peace of tide area, the reeponcibili- ty ier the. ceresequeluxis will rest Olt the North Koren negene.." fillOW OP eeTtt ileleert The U.S. was. mounting 3 naval thew Of ;:trength in the nadirs off North Korea to back Up Its demand for the eceunt The nuclear powertel aircraft carrier lISS terprist, world's largese warship, was reported to have beee dixerted from Vietnam station to trail anAmeeican task farce into the Sea tif Japan, Cele Pak end Admiral Smith tort at this trace village on the Kaman dividing Gen. Pale charged the Ptieble was captured hi North Korean waters at Mt.17 degrees north lati- tude and M.43 degrees east lenidiede. A,Nerding to 11M U.S. Nivq, the ship was hilaeked in the Japan Sea and forced into the North Korean pert of Wertean. Iteeitarlete-CK CITED l'YeteLviulil WO. the Wade:lean& voice of. tit North Korean capital, said the si temerican crew- men put up "arrogant resistance" before the ves- sel eves hoarded and thizeth The broachest said teernal Arne:deems were killed or wounded snit more than SO "captured alive," The North Koreatte acensesd the vessel of 'en toter:able pro:Teat:ens" and said the Pueblo "Bice gelly infiltrated RUM) North liereen waters) an on elipienrieee mission" They saki the ship fired tin the panel heaLs nail When (he beatS eeturried the. fire they 'killed end wounded" several Mucci- Can1. The Navy raid four American crewmen were injured, one eritieully, When the communid be.* seized the Pueblo as tire mig Jet fightees &clod overhetid. The hijacking was said by the Penta. gun in hare occurred on the high seas in interns- timed waters, about 15 RARER'S miles from the North Korean coast. The Navy insisted lad night that St no point in the encounter del the Puebla fire her ltin .50. caliber inaehine guns. There war no indication from Pueblo's last re Linked +0 Vie+ Pressure Shipnaping By IL II. IIIIECE aoln*Ho,,oua Suit '1411IV-T � AdlnilliStratiGn s.eurees voiced fears letlay dial North Korea's seizure of the USS. Puebla and recent "drastic inexceases" in coninumist nuneks on South Korea may be linked tc. the Vietnam War. They speruleted that the growing boldness of North Korean Ctimmunist5 is aimed di; fra Keeping 11.5. antl South Korean forces en occupied there that no more troops can be pulled out to fight in Vietnam, thus indirectly helping communist. Viet Cong and North Vieinarnese forces, tPlity thousand South Korean troops 'al- ready are fighting in Vietnam.) 1.0 Warning the U.S. that continued bombing of North Vietnam could bring intensified guerilla fighting in KOrtO and pe.rhaps even. another Viol-. ilemelype war there. INCIDENTS INCH EASE The sources pointed to a report of the United Nattern cemmand In Koren to the' Inked Nations Security Council which showed that "significant incidents" Of North Korean infiltration into South Kerea, by both land and sea, had increased (rem only 50 in leell to 543 last year. There Were orily 30 fire-fights between opposing ftnee5 in Korea In tees bid there were 212 hot exchameeee-io5 fireein lOiS, the report. said. It add- t Kee remituneder thed Si. tmeher, of the melee, with left: Alm, litieher and IN, The pinto nan made. IAA( year when the tlio tut:6,4VA how her crtAnten were mjorcti. The eeseWi made 01) Mtlitieh of any gunfire. This did nen preclude. A 112[1446418/111 strthagle on tha ship wheutho communists bearded her. There was aise speculethan that the erewmen may Mee injured elate attempting to ties, trey the, seer eledronie monitoring and commie nicatieos gear crammed ithiapi the medifk�d', auxiliary caret vessel. The ;envy said Pueblo's skipper. Idahmbern Cheir, Bleyd Meek Dueller, 33, of San Diego, CM. appealed for help enly once WhOt his ship was actually boarded � intlicattr.g tie wu WM. Ware !he VMni WAS in serious trouble until the fast minute. fly that time the Navy said, It was too late to dispatch ships or planes to litiebeee resew. -Mlle and Ult tli.la,tttc lectors made it impee. slide to respond to, the call that was made When the ehip was helve bearded," a epetedunn said. Adm, Stnithelementled the North Koreans apt). lie sail, "the monis of last year, and ospeolal- ly the 13St In, days. have put a new complaint) on the iduatio in KRIVII. The North Korean re- gime has entbarked Au a continuing campaign of provocation, sabotage and as.inesthatien it, iiele- tion el the armistice. agreement and iniernetiestal la;�.:x- Beleitet Sictier tie emied the salute of the Puebla 'part of a pattern of North Korean belligerance And figri. FiVil actions which dariga-uusly Increased in this area. If they are persisted in, they will have the MASI StrithiA congspeeteee It, the main iaA of the armistice ant is the preservation of peace -ti Koren," "Bit+ tentile acts cannot be perpetuated with impunity," he wanted. . The Wathingte cily News, Wednesday, Jnintary 24, MS 9 to 4:30 ue tea( A graduat Pi".11'PS S1'41"L 114 r., at wheel the Piireet 0 60 MILES WON s'A NORTH.' KOREA �YAiiGYANG 12130 IU,SS, PUEBLO] eve� Lwation ghee by the 11.5. 44 the 3elture. linseident Johnein and his top military end dip. Wet:tile AdyiNers were tensely following &weep. melte in the find bearding nnil dieter of a Se3. Naval viti�iSel he more than a reentry. The Preidllild stlit�lideil a tneeling ef lift National Security Council at the House tolay. Outraged enagrdiSinen demanded prompt U.S. :totem to free the eilqi mai her erew, SAIL litehard It, Itieesell, (De Ca.), elseitinani of tire Semite Armexi the seize art amounted to "an net of war," Ilep, William IL Batas (elfre). *Mini! liopoblican on. the flouv Artneil Seas-teas committee, called it -a dastertllynet of piracy." The While House called it es eery eerious situ- anon." and Beereinry of State Dean Bud; said It was "e matter of the utmost gravity." Is Called Well ed that the number of North Koreans killed in Etkil fighting inetrased front .13 in 19,30 to 224 in 1567, tvitlie the number of US. � and South Ko.etin irolgis killed jumped.. (corn 35 in INIE le IZZ Ia 1267. - FOUr South Kaman eiviliARS Ware killed by he filtrateri in lIKA hut 22 were killed in lIStS, the report said. ViOLATtON The report was transmitted to the Security Council by U.S. Ambassador Arthilr Goldberg. who charted that the "recent that:piaci-ease is the Scope and intensity of the North Korean mill. fary attacks and other armed activity in Korea was in violation of the Milliery Armistice Agee. ment signed July 27, ltre.3." The report said North Korean "ernical raiders" ranging from small groups of six or nine men up to a group of about R) have attacked 9n carefully planned and reconnoitered operations" and also have concealed � "numerous tales" and wad high-esplosik a charges te demolish inatings. Nearly all the infiltrators were captured, killed � Or dispersed. the report said. The abortive attempt Sunday by 31 North Ea. Teams In assassinate South Korean President Park Chung-Hee was the !Meet India grewinie number of raids � capped by the 5-einve of the Pueblo. Planned it is believed the letehlo's Capture ems careful. ly planned and executed because the U.S. Niles "Intelligent, gathoing" ship hnd 'beim reneged eleettnele eaves:arm:Ong off the North Korean coast Inc two weeks. The State Depart/nail treisi� ell the ship was operating in internetionai waters. Military inielligerthe- Sources here Saidthe plannM nature id the North Korean capture -of die Pueblo was borne out by the presence of four lied guriba.ats which encircled the Ship iehile two etimmunist mig fighter lets circled lo,V overhead; ,It was believed this 'display et superior North- KOrein firepeow,r made the Pue-130 lA attempt a shoot-out with the enemy, anho several crewmen reportedly were WCittlhled by gunfire. The Pueblo was Ainled Oily with two eBraliber, machine guns. , llut no Washington official would offer an nil. planuthin of why no American help, was fortheum- ing from U.S. nevi' Sr nir facilities within range of the Pueblo. � Capture id the inter:en-ice ceseel by the mum timnists was regarded its a uteloretem. Ninee.the ship was equipped stifle quantities of highly so. phtdiented electronic gear. There was specula. lion that the Ship may have been tingled out as A target beentl3e the Math Korona.; Wieved it had gatheird valtrible mlleary iefernatioe. !Sze also _article on Page 4.1.)_ Beau acks p a Little ny JOHN CRAN111.11 D.C. Prieto:ash:1- retell:et Been, ha; retreated � somewhat � (rem his Jan. IN order blacklist- ing six Washington doctors part Of les atinteitsin eV:tad al- feted abuse of sick leaye by postai employes. INe. original raNter. quoted In a in e tt 0 onitithri2Jrnt Beell's Jane-le .staff meeting; he nueted I 6 tt r superintemicnia mete accept enthleye sick leave certificates from soy of the six, of whom tsvri; listed by mune heti addrese, Re:VP:4m :Now. �howevet, Mr. Beall has revised NS to env that the final deeislon re: ipieselennble stele lytsee certificates will he left IS the nuelited the PM. �Knee The miginal, first reported here Monday, said; "There are eeme doctors In Bits elly ewhe will ieene it sick .certirteute irrreerdless .nrel ise are forced net to recognize them Therethre, all tour sineirinneetesieeein tie at (NIA, Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 006638269 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 The Washington Daily News, Wedreesdyf 3 uary 24, 1968 � ' -' . -7 !"7-- Red Aim Seen Takei er of Peninsula crtyJ ei% U.S. on Diplomatic Tip-Toe The United States, confronted with the most perilous situation in Korea since the 1953 armi- atice, was moving quietly but forcefully thru dip- lomatic channels today to secure the return of the USS Pueblo and her crew. Johnson administration officials said North Ko- rea's seizure of the U. S. Navy intelligence vessel in International waters appeared to be one more "provocation" in a mounting series of communist actions aimed at eventually destroying the U. S.-backed government of South Korean.Presi- dent Park Chung Hee. MANEUVER They said the North Korean communists probe- My-hoped that their action at sea, as well as their stepped up infiltration and terrorism in South Ko- rea, also would help Hanoi by distracting Ameri- can attention and resources. But the primary objective of the Pueblo hijack- ing, in the view of officials here, was to press forward the campaign for the ultimate communi- zation of the entire Korean peninsula. The Russians, whose -aid the United States has sought in this affair, had no editorial comment on It. On the basis .of Soviet aotions during the past few years it was assumed the Kremlin wanted to find .a way to defuse the situation and divert the peril of a renewed Korean war without causing the North Korean communists to lose too much face in the process. RENEWED WAR No official would go so far as to predict that the Pueblo incident, along with the attempted assassination of President Park and other ac- tions, would lead to a resumption of hostilities in � Korea. But such a passibility could not be dis- Counted entirely. The official North Korean newspaper, Rodong Shinmoon, said Sunday that Presideet Johnson's policies in Vietnam had created "a tense situa- tion in which a war may break-out at any mo- ment ... in our country." On Jan. 9, about the time the Pueblo took up its station off Wonsan harbor, another North Korean newspaper, Minju Chosen, said the United States was sending armed vessels along the country's east coast. The North Koreans, in their broadcast an- nouneement of the capture of a "spy ship" linked Thu affair directly to the mounting tension rising from a sharp increase in the number of military incidents, between North and South in recent months. RD File photo of the U.S.S. Pueblo. Distress Signal Leife Spy Ship's Role Foggy By MIKE MILLER ScrIpps-Howard Stott Writer Mystery today shrouded the role and actions of the Navy's USS Pueblo, hijacked Monday night by oommunist North Korea on an intelligence mission off that country's coast. After hours of officially Imposed silence, many of the sporadio Pentagon disclosures carlhe inci- dent served to heighten the mystery rather than solve it. There were these questioner IVIrat exactly was the Pueblo doing in the Sea of Japan since it began its mission there Jan. 8? , Describing the vessel as an "intelligence gath- ering auxiliary ship," the Pentagon said it was under control of the Navy rather than any of the U.S. supersecret intelligence agencies. i.e' Why did the Pueblo hesitate so long before calling for help? The vessel was first confronted by a North Korean patrol boat at 10 p.m. Monday and bold by radio to "Heave to or I will open fire on you." The Pueblo skipper did not request help until she was boarded an hour and 45 minutes later, after the one patrol boat had been joined by three others and two AllGs circling overhead. The Pentagon deolined comment on whether any help was dispatehed. It was probably too late. V What happened in the 47 minutes from the � time the ship was boarded until it sent its last message that its engines were at "all stop" and that it was "going off the air?" Did a fight en- sue? � ' It Could have. The Pueblo's crew of 83 Was equipped with small arms and might have fought back before being overcome. A Navy spokesman said the Pueblo was taken forcibly and did not surrender. Nor did it ask for instructions while it remained in contact with "higher headquarters." Altho Pueblo radioed that it didn't fire Its two 50-caliber machine guns and there was no report of fine from the patrol boats before the bonding, the Pueblo skipper reported four men wounded, � one critically. ' 1.0� Where is the ship and What's going to hap- pen to her? Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 ' The ws-mtntIon 000 01. 4,55 Broken line stint, entree taken by dm Enterprise. teem taken by the euebto hem Japan i5 KOlir.Arrotrt rage ill, North Koreans Claim U.S. Captain Confessed written or prepared hp anytveyage which ended in OP- American." Ile centinued: pure, his alleged confesAon "The major point whiehlrotainued. the vex:el was din- this propaganda utterance at,inutsed to look as if it was one i tempts that the gaged to wake hi re...-ear n ell o oCennir Pueblo had violated North elo,,th,.ics, Korean fere:octal waters and Bucher ,�1..,,,,,,,u, �aid h, . was, in (net, violating llin,e,cotered North Korean waters territorial waters when the,,,,,,a .,......,a, ts.ater,a jaa. vi North Korean patrol craft ,Nis.,,,,,a was (�, the atasaat -This is absolutely ontrue."1?,%"��.1":�.....d *�-',,b,f,,rs-',,I.,.'-i, fst'''....." appoared. Goulding said the Pueblo re.1,...'-'",`'''u-',.." '''.."-"`e,',."..� ported her positfon :It the. time '`n ' ' �e.i...'hr`� t'a of her capture as 3923 north h'i"' 'lit d'''"1,- and '''''''' and 127:55 east, As the ship "raTaTraTga',!.,.:.�.-,_, uan bein; seNed, he added, feaa'-'4, .14.0�`,;, Sw.',..-1,:wf7Ts. the North Koreans Placed it x.on titt'ribu fed :o'llut:her said at 12:25 north and 127:58 east. '' "These two reported post The Commander sron quoted dons are within a mile of one ns sxVing. that his shiP also another and both show conclu..exthered Mformatiun Ca mill- sleety that the Pueblo woe In tarY installations, industrial International waters,' Gould. facilities, port traffic and the in continued. deployment of armed fortes Pentagon sources noted that along the coast. the position given in Bucher's The Pueblo was 7.6 tulles off alleged confession was 30:124 the town of Bodo when Nerth north and 127t40n east. Thlt Korean patrol boats aira,..,,,,,, position, unlike the one given the oeeoun, continued. cattier la a North Vietnamese "We were Ott the alert in. Shin-le-Shore radio transrniS. stantly and tried to escape, sine which was monitored hY :trine at the navy patrol tr.S. tirteninn =tatter., Is ir. crafts . . ..'' Bucher allegedly side Xorean waters. said. Arth Korea claims a frau. -Bo, time ,,,,,t,,a0� ,,,��, tier extending 12 miles tot to more dangereus for or and sen]" -� thus one of my neon was "The Nelda was under kllied, another heavily cannot- orders from the beginning of ed and ben others lightly tin mission to 5100 at least 12 wounded," miles front North Korean ter- The ['enfant.] said TueStlay Hairy,- Goulding said. "There that four persons aboard the is no evidence to suggest that, Pueblo had been wet-laded these orders were disobeyed. One mesSage Punt the shin Tile ASsiStant Secretary VW' was said to have indicated the tdalm that Bucher and it/4 that one man's leg �808 .blown, crew.. were- working, for the off, hot there were no further ' CIA was -typical of ibis prop.. tio� ils ,,an.a shorn ... The statement attributed to nCommarnier Bucher Is a Bucher rinsed with a ref,. nay.t �Meer, enriamanding a once in the wives and children naval ship and performing a .,,f the Pueblo's crow and how i naval misSlon. lie is not eta- they were 111XiiIIISly awaiting 1 PloYed by the CIA and WaS the sailors safe return. proMised nothing by the CIA. "We only hope, and It is the I Nor were any members of his greatest depirg at myself and ; all my crew that we will be 1 moot minted eminent ng the 1)erneeratic The Korean Central News forgiven leniently by the goy. Agency St air 1 BUCher 85 saying, his ship had people's "Republic of Korpg.- carried out hurnerous assign- Bucher .was said to have -eon ments for the CIA. Per the eluded. THE wAsiiiNc,TtNs' 1,0sT Thurglay./enaiX, I A13 3 DAYS 0,N1ti;THURSDAY, FRIDAY AND 'SATURDAY �innit i'vrn A I I:67r sn' .A.A nr. IlltlAntirnTiern enrol n 'at rtirnis nr.n A nytirivr. Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 it 1 71'"6,i1".:3�1014 TIlE WASHINGTOX POST President's Options Were Limited in Pueblo's Seizure By Chalmers 31. Roberts wx�euvues AAA ay. sa,gar PreAden: Johnson's op. tfons to the Pueblo affair were constricted by two aft. !cal decisior, made dOwn the chain of ehounand be- !ate the Chief Executive had even heard of the Inch dent. What is now known of tbc record goes to demonstrate once again how much A Commander - in � Chick in hemmed in by the actions of his subordinates. These were the decistono Involved: . � Sews 1. Tile President wan not told of the North Korean torpedo boat appreaeh to the Nellie or of tie hoard. fog until cro, Throaty, Washington time, after the ship and Its 8.1.ntan crew were securely ln Sorth Ku. craw hands. lly that Lime he was (need slth oil rimer.. pi/then' facto�the first hi. .13ekitu of an American naval avvicl by a foreign Mate in more than a century and a ball. 2. The neeicafapes tired caztior Extern:1re and tts accompanying vesreLL, which by dunce bad lust left Set. ebrt. Japan. to return tn duty elf Vietnam. were turned about and headed toward Otto. lien of Japan opmeite North Korea, again before Nit. Johnson was awakened. The President lance more Leas !aced ulth x fact�that almeilean shim wore heath leg toward North Korea In b iShosi effort, In the flrat inatance, nth. ors made the fateful deri- sion opt to send aircraft to help the Pueblo. whether or not the ,captein had rotted tor atd, Someone decided, without reference to the White Howe nod apparently (although this is not Let CO, lain) without reference to the Pentagon to let the Puelsio's captain handle the torpedo host problem. That proved to be an Ire& trim:atilt; mixtahe that no rely limited the rued. . dent's ability to respond. In the second 1:lunette, the President had no option gyro on whether to respond tn the trieldent with a show of rarer, That decision was mode down the line, appal, ently CINCPAC, the joint command headquarters In Ihronlulo. Whether the Pentagon wbv even asked Its advice is net yet clear. But certainly the President obv not asked. It may well he, of muse, that Johnson, if he had � been given the once would have ordered tie En:remise and Its naval train to broil for North No. resat waters% On the ether hand he might have decide:it � _ that to tin so would halo it1� reheat the alreatly Charged filln0Where and pOSSIbLY Ittnit diplomatic efforts to win reioasn of ship and AAA, If further dIplenultie 01. form fall and with the naval foretell North Kerta, Johnson hurt the �Pilot, wv, 1,1 living fleet in sumo form Or of wiftbdratoluo the shills to the lace of North Korenfl refusal to free the Pueblo. The Pueblo roar is not the first instance In which a Prer1i(rnt has fetond hinuelf bound by what his suborill note) have done. Preithiont Eisenhower was boxed in by the mishandling of an Inept eever !tura- in the U.P. affair. President Kennedy. to some degree. wav trapped in the Bay of l'IgL debacle, sbittlhIng he did nut tel recur In the Cuban ndsalie crisis, And lirevident Johnson reacted, or, In the View Of some oveoreartett, to what he was told to, the .tmeriestr atonal. sarbor In :Laois. Domingo in thr noininfealiiinforvrniloit. Young Lore Behlooin$ � in 708 NAPLES. Jan. 20 � It was love at first sight for Antonio Prete and nous 51entroninl and this week they go., engaged � 58 yeais and me nurrlages later. It tank them so lani; he- eitinte aftir they ruel be had to leave for intlItary SCrli0 artd joined the navy. Thu romance rooted. Oho habil-fed, and 60 tild Two monihs ago, both widowed, theY met hi' chance in a grhoers. afore, gol talking anti decided to make tip for lost time � despite the fart that he IC I and she 7J, priced : sleeved HIRTS latial faits, tab is, sta. 6.16 .1.89-2.99 SLIPPERS - our original 9.99-12.99 girls' fine quality SKI JACKETS 6.99 7 ta our regular 3.39 WARM CRIB BLANKETS Cotollon.itirc71 .Lex al) 9 aid sloe coth';, omottly aL priced 'ElE SALE 4.9 SAVINGS FORITHE HOME our original 6.99-8.99 STUNNING BEDSPREADS egetste qtilti, totted SUraq stoles cotton teeio usii_ Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269, Fabrication Is Charged By Pentagon From News Disostelles North Korea claimed yes- terday the captain of the USS Pueblo had confessed that he was engaged in "criminal espionage activi- ties" inside North Korean territorial waters when he was captured Tuesday. The United States termed this "a travesty on the facts." The alleged confession was ,attributed to Cmdr. Lloyd Mark Bucher. The 38-year-old officer, his 83-man crew and their intelligence ship were taken into custody by North Korean patrol boats and brought to the port of Wonsan. The (North) Korean Central News Agency quoted Bucher as saying that he was carrying out an espionage mission against the Soviet Union and North Korea for which he and his crew had been offered "a lot of dollars" from the Cen- tral Intelligence Agency. Alleged Remarks "Having been captured now, I say frankly that our act was a criminal act which flagrantly violated the armistice agree- ment and it was a sheer act of aggression," BuCher said, ac- cording to the news agency. "I have no excuse whatso- ever for my criminal act as my ship intruded deep into the territorial waters of the Demo- cratic People's Republic of Korea and was captured by � the naval patrol grafts of the Korean People's Army in their self-defense action while con- � ducting criminal espionage ac- � tivities," the Commander al- legedly said. Called 'Fabrication' In Washington, the Pentagon � promptly asserted that the ac- count attributed to Bucher was � a "fabrication." It added that "no credence should be given � to this contrived statement." Assistant Secretary of De- � fense Phil G. Goulding, thel � Pentagon's chief spokesman, said the "style and wording" of the document published by � the North Koreans "provide unmistakable evidence in. themselves that this was not: See KOREA, All, Col. 1 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 'I'he Wrath-et- Today�FaIr and the �tost intormeii of all tici ' i and crew." :Moscow tins reported to he en'these technitmes anti in the I route lost night.-The first ef-iship's equipment. much fif . __ _ .. . . _ fort resulted in a fece�tolage,whirh apparently was not des irehuff on Tuesday ta Atnias-istroyert, the belief here is that :sador Llewellyn 13, Thonmon nit)' Soviet nctiOn tlf free the ": ell he made the reattesl ta scssel and exescrneA W"14 uing and we certainly Impe,Korea, anti vele arm nme, ) Some reports here sugysests/eists of meetings yesterday MI I'M pen r future' ,tunts on the Council this year oil there :vita hope that the the crisis. hitelmilite WW1 The only word from the are generally hOsdile tO the. , rut:Of:WS CID" alight be ros breakfast. Present wilin; MLA, stntn nepnettnent was LIM:United Stttes. esPreitillY over leased been:isle the Commm Lasfense Secretary Robert s I tugs had breadefoll a purport- AleXamara. caltilhera, m.esT. dtplontatte efforts were Penults the. Vietnam war. _ '-dvittial Assistant Walt it Itoss'''''"g� l Forthermisres by lioktog to tow and' press secretaries The 1., N. move WaS, detitk'd the /Me hl() incident-the Serth 'George Christian and Torn on at a White House luncheon Korean actions against South Jelicion. pueeting, Christian sditis Colds Korea, the traded SinteS is: in , The same group. plus Inenm-ineeg Olen dispatched a formal directly involving ihe I.I.N. it. :.I.ng, Defense Secretary Ciark;request to Security CouneiLself. :Ai, entreat, had ntei the eve. President Aga Shahl of Paid- 'rho forcers in Snultil ICIIVe:i. tiling , -before. Christian' tolcrstan. although now reduced to new n sme vesterday, I A public debate at the U.S. South Korean and American Christian's stress during the will raise serious problents troops with a boodfol of offi� dos, was on further cliploinatietTho Soviet Union will be.eers ft3 utislerrers Ironic If few efforts. He told reporters illailibOullti to defend it itilloolother nations. are technicall "diplomatic efforts are tiontinsComautnist state, North'under U.N. command, , ,... .... _ 1,alltrat Mrs. title:her listens to tape reenrilieir allegedly made by tier husband, Shipper id the raptured USS. Pitehle. :Sosttet DensilY Foreign Minls. have to wait fee some time thee bear sonic fruit in the against It. Several either nit.V � ' asilyKuotelsov. President .1ohnson had a se. Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 /) Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 Tension was mounting inied confession by the ship's Washington as the PresidentIcaptain expreSsing hope for _ PUEBLO�From Page Al Korea Reds Warn U.S., Ask Crew Punishment tretaliation to it, if it pounces ' upon us." -,: The paper said the Pueblo's sought a diplomatic way outl forgiveness. It also Was noted captain had confessed that the of tile crisis. In announcing - that the full transcript of the ship intruded deep into Northi the request for a U.N. session, .the 'White House said it Mixed Armistice Commission ;Korean waters. It said this was! - - "an arrogant hostile act" by : fleeted Mr Johnson's re- meetingearnest; this on Tuesday contained ni.beratc, premeditated provo-Jel K !promptly and if at all possible Korean representative: "All you . you have to do is to this statement by the North 'the United States and "a de- desire to settle, this matte ' h . ' cation for stepping up their -Y diplomatic means." admit � military provocations :policy of war ignition in I The statement linked the, and aggressive acts committed !seizure of the Pueblo with "ag- Korea." your side, apologize for '...- Secretary- Rusk's statement' gresive actions" by Ko- by . North -- 1 them and assure this (confer- in his New York speech last!rea across the demilitarized. �M th night was e most precisel zone against South Korea.� encel table that you will not 're-commit such criminal acts." 'yet -from a high Admit-Astra-, First reaction from the U.N.I But this large demand was '.!tion official as to just whatiwas that the Council inightl not coupled with .any promise. 'the Administration is seeking ask North 'Korea to send a:Furthermore, there is every Mid,- most importantly, as to representative to. give its side reason to believe the crew- the timing involved. ' . ,of the controvery, though thel men:will be subject to lengthy � 'Rusk declared that the sei- Prospects that the Commu- interrogation. Many of them mare of the ship in internation-!nists would agree are consiC are highly trained in the most al waters was "without prece-ered dim. !secret American intelligence dent and is intolerable andl More hope for action isi techniques, which are of sur- there can be no satisfactory placed in a second effort to passing interest to all the enlist the aid of the. Soviet result short of the prompt, Communist nations. -may I say immediate, release Union in winning release ofl Because the Soviet Union is !the ship. A second message to of .that ship and its officers ,the most interested of all in .Moscow was reported to be en' and crew." these techniques and in the 'route last night. The first ef- ship's equipment, much of fort resulted in a face-to-face which apparently was not de- rebuff on Tuesday to Ambas-I stroyed, the belief here is that :sador Llewellyn E. Thompson any Soviet action to free the. :when .he made the request to vessel and crewmen would Soviet Deputy Foreign Minis- have.to wait for some time. .ter Vastly Kuznetsov. 1 President Johnson had a SC- Some reports . here suggest- !ries of I Meetings yesterday on led 'there � Was hope that the'the crisis beginning with Pueblo's crew might be re-,breakfast. Present were Rusk,' 'leased because the Commu- Defense Secretary Robert S.! I nists had broadcast a purport- McNama:ra, Goldberg, Presi-1 � dential Assistant Walt W. Ros-1 tow . and press secretaries George � Christian and Tom' Johnson. The same group, plus incom- ing �Defense Secretary Clark M. Clifford, had met the eve- ning ...before, Christian told stan.. . inewsmen yesterday. ! A .Public debate at the U.N. I -Christian's stress during: theiwill raise serious problems. ,day was on further diplomatic,The Soviet Union will be 'efforts. He told reporters thatibOund to defend its fellow i"diplomatic efforts are contin-I Communist state, North Associated Press Mrs. Bucher listens to tape recording allegedly made by her husband, skipper of the captured USS Pueblo. uing and we certainly hope Korea, and veto any move they bear some fruit in the,against it. Several other na very near future." tions on the Council this year The only word from the are generally hostile to the State Department was thatjUnited States, especially over diplomatic efforts were contin-�the Vietnam war. uing. ! Furthermore, by linking to The U.N. 'move was decided.the Pueblo incident-The Northl on at a White House luncheon-Korean actions against South meeting, Christian said. Gold- Korea, the United States is in- berg then dispatched a formal directly involving the U.N. it- request to Security Council:self. President Aga Shahi of Paki- The forces in South Korea, .although now reduced to South Korean 'and American itroops with a handful of offi- cers as observers from a few other nations, are technically 'under U.N. command. Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 of Rouble Involvement in Asia hat the North Koreans can ie forced to disgorge the 'tteblo and, its crew in any hort period of time. While North Korea's Corn- iunist Party has lately hown signs of indePend- nce of both China and the .oviet Union, it clearly sub- cribes to the Maoist dor- rine that the way to des- roy the United States is to hop off its fingers one by ne. That is Mao's way of aying bleed the Americans .y as many wars as possible. 'ower Spread Thin In short, if a war in Viet- am is fine, another war in :orea would be doubly fine. 'his is not to say that, the "orth Koreans are about to lunge again across the bor- er, but that President Johnson faces a foe who quite probably would en- gage him with alacrity if he proffered the opportunity. Furthermore, the Presi- dent finds himself with min- imal available power in the area of Korea, so great has been the drain-off to Viet- nam. The two American divi- sions in South Korea are below par and the only ef- fective airpower in that country at the moment the Pueblo was seized is re- ported to have been armed with nuclear weapons: Yet the basic premise of Ameri- can military policy is to have sufficient conventional force to avoid the dreadful choice between annihilation and surrender, as both Pres- idents Kennedy and John- son have put it. .If this picture is black, there is perhaps'. another side to the coin, however. The President has chosen at a moment of national anger to call up some reserve units, a step he long had re- fused to take lest it contra- dict his claim that the .United States can have both guns and butter. The Pueblo incident thus may offer an. unexpected and totally un- sought moment for finally focusing the Nation's atten- tion on Asia and for rolling up its sleeves to see the Vietnam war through. This is an emotional mo- ment and emotional mo- ments are full of danger. The President's options to PEOPLES DRUG STORES get back the Pueblo may be. limited but he has wide lati- tude now that he lacked be- fore to rally the country. In short, the combination of Korea and Vietnam could backfire against the Commu- nist cause. CORRECTION In our ad In the Washington Post So Thursday, Jan. 25th on gages A-10 and A-11 the following Items Should have read: � 1.15 IISTERINE ANTISEPTIC, 14.0r. 71C � 98, QUINSANA � FOOT POWDER, 4.0s. 63c 1 WE REGRET THIS ERROR Continental Trailways has attractive hostesses on their - 5 Star Service (food and beverages too) Continental Trallwaysi easiest travel on earth 12th & New York Ave. NM. RE 2-58110. Call 223-6100 for Circulation, and order The Washington Post guaranteed home de� I livery. Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 ...I-n.3 GS' \Veather Forecast District and sicirdts�Rain becoming rutted with or turning to snow tonight: cold, low in upper 210, Cloudy, windy and cold m- tno.-rew. precipitation ending, high in Se*. Mance of pmcipitation tal percent tonight, hD percent tomorrow. Today's low. 15 at 1:3S a.m.; Mgt, 11 at 11 a.m. NI aspen ea seer 1.6 WITh SUNDAY IORNING 501110 116th Year. No. 23. sta stat NortiVOCa. .(05 WASHINGTON, D. C., TUESDAY, JANUARY 23, 1968-38 PAGES Phone U. 3-5000 Korea This is the SINS Pueblo seized by the North Korean:. Undo'. � 10 Cents rd U.S.S. Pueblo Believed Taken Into Red Port Communists Also Seen Stepping Up Attack's in South rusnsAnn oswisnrz.mAs Far .+51 A hIS.. Navy Intelligence shlp with Fit men aboard was 0010 1u0011 by North Korean patrol boats today amid signs of step- CommunIst military ac- tivity in South Karoo. The Navy obip apparently was taktm to a North Korean port The Defense Department said the LOSS Pueblo. a 179,foot "In. tritigence collection auxiliary ship" carrying two 50 caliber machine gums. was surrounded by font. North Korean patrol boats and boarded by an armed party while 11(1 aircraft floc overhead. The incident hsek. place short. ly before midnight last night Es-r {about .1 p.m. Tuesday, Korean time.) about :5 rr.iles oft the North Korean roast, the . Pentagon sold. This would hale placed the Pueblo In interna- tional�or open�waters. The Pueblo radioed that it was being forced to proceed to the North 1C.a-can port of Won- san, and it was preowned that k was being held there. The Pueblo radioed 11,01 11 did LVE fire Its wracons. There were unctmfirmed reports, however, that there were sonic wounded aboard,. "lttenot I. Secretary of Sta:C Dean Rusk cailtd scintre on international wafers 'Is 'matter of 1100101 gravity," Rusk said the United States was following up through avail- able diplomatic channels to or. awe the immediate release of the ship and the crew. First word from North Croon an the ir.cident was a broad- cast from Pyonnung Radio claiming that North Korea had captured "an armed spy hake' the U.S. imperialist aggressor foam which Intruded wow into the territorial waters of the re- publfe and was carrying out hostile activities." Coincidental with the capture of the rsaeblo, Radio Pyongyang :also broadcast claims that "armed guerrilla units" had at- tacked sentry posts Of the U.S. Ilnd Infantry in South Korea. There was no immediate cen- trum:ion here, hut there were everts from Seoul of sporadic raids in the northern part of SAO Korea. Mwron's Aid Asked ' State Department sources soli the Soviet Union has been ado..d In convey a U.S. demand for the immediate release oh the ship and crew. , It is also expemed that the Mili:ary Armistice Commt, don which is sot up to super- /tit: the 1953 Korean armistice sill be railed to discuss not Per SHIP, Page A-0 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 A -4 ** Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 THE EVENING STAR Wadi rcn, D, C,, 7a3dur, knee"), 2.3, lOSS SHIP N. Koreans Seize U.S. Vessel, 83 Men Continued Prom Page A.11 only the ship incident hut also the,rosh tel CommwdiA netirilY in South Korea. The Message Many details on the rapture are lacking. hut according to the DefOnNe Department anrsmuct,- went, this :5 what happened: At approximately in pm. EST yesterday a North Korean pe- trel boat approached th: Pueblo about 95 miles off the North Ko: [Call eons:. Using international flag sig. anti, the North Korean boat a.ik- ed the Pueblo to Identify Its am tionality. The Pueblo identified itself as a II.S. Oantintang to use flag sIgnala, the patrol boat said "Heave to, or I will Open fire en you," The Pueblo replied: "I ant In International waters, The patrol boat circled the Pueblo. About an hour later, three additional Poiret craft appear- ed. One of them ordered: "Follow In ow wake.; I have a Mitt aboard," Toe four ships closed in on the Pueblo, taking different pail'. lions on 'her bow, beatu and quarter. Red itunes Overhead Two MU: aircraft were also sighted by the Poehla's crew circling off ito starboard how. .0ne al the patrol craft began backing toward the bon of the Pueblo with Penders rigged. An armed boarding party was etanding on the how. The Pueblo radioed at Itt45 p.m. EST that she was being boarded by North Koreans, the tlefetise Department said. At Vile attn. 11,,s1 today the Pueblo reported that she had been rmuested to fellow the North Korean ship Into Wonsan and that she hod not used any weapons. The final messngo from the' Pueblo .was sent at 12:4 11411, it reported that it had eome to ',ail stop" and that It Was "go- tug off the air." The fbiebio had reported that the boarding took place at 127 degrees, 54.3 taint:les east longi- tude: S9 degrees, 95 minutes north latitude. The Ship , The Pueblo has a complement of &I men, hicluding six officers, 75 enlisted men anti two civil- It is designated as the AGM and is described as a modified light range ship OKLA. The Pu- eblo is 17., feet long and 33 feet wide with a displacement of 905 tons. It has a 10,2 loot draft. it.s maximum speed is 12:2 Nebraskan Is skipper The skipper of the Pueblo was Identified by the Peatagen as 'Commander Lloyd Mark burlier, of Lincoln. Neb. Navy sources said the term "auxiliary" used in the ship's identification serves to indicate that it is an auxiliarY to the fleet and not a combat strip. It is said to have various elec- tronic and oceanographic equip- meat aboard, presumably allow. lag it to Monitor radio traffic as well a:s to take soundings on the possibIN presence of submarines and oiler ships in the area. The hcident�the gravest sea et:area:Ilion since the Gulf of Tonkin Racks in' August 1:154' � is the laest in a series tel prey- ecatimm"rine North Korea over' the Pastyear. Just alay before, a hand of North herons sneaked into Seoul an apparently tried to storm thd3Itte Rouse, the home of the Stilt �Korean chief of state, im were detected and driven oftin a gun battle. There into solid information on why thNorth Koreans have decided toncrease the tempo of their unity alter years of generally del adherence to the 1953 arstjee, North Korean lender flint II. See& however, has constantly' called for broad internatienal Support for North Vietnam. and it could be that this Is a tilts* sionary effort to try rum! weaken the U.S. effort In Vietnam, The North Koreans_ are pre- sumably embarrassed by the feet that South Korea has con. tributed too divisions to tile al- lied effort in Vietnam while they havo done nothing even compor- able. The Worth Koreans ore said to have trained Name Northvictimmese 0103 and supplied some aircraft, aleatoric, of Jone S I In a way. today's incident I brought nunneries of another: when another U.S. the Liberty, was attacked be' lraeii plene$ and terliede tiont's in the NlinilteXtallean last June 8 �during the Arab-Isrmeli war� and 11 American:: were ktliati !lad OM' MO others injured. The White lionse "hot line" to Moscow nan wed during at crisis. � The Liberty, a eammunica: tiuns ship, was 15 miles north of the Sinai Peninsula, the Pen. tagun sold, when the attack 100110 I Israel later offered to make amends for the "tragic inci- dent," in which the Israelis claimed no flag was being flown by the vessel. The Etefense Department, shortly after the incident said that Me U.S. omed not accept, an "otter:: open n clearly marked nencarnhatant naval ship in international octet's an 'plausible' under any: circumstances whatseover." Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 Th(; 11"e,a tiler � h'coLly�Cloudy and cold. bigh tr ,�tnisit.705. FrIday�Ciondy and cold. Probability of prcripitallon I,: 10 per rent today nod tonight. Tents 'pc liter ranee: Today, I5.9.2: yrs� lierday, tISNJ. 1)crads on Page Cll. nshin 9.1=t roar � � :No. 51 sa :sot re. wttsatertra rest es. 175 nits "AltrIlla RSD Y, JAM/O\ RI 5. 968 FINAL ICS Pasys---0 Satter, mustinicate 13I4 Financial F 9 City Iiife C 1 Food I) / CIntsilled E I OblislariCs CIO Comets ' 'Fla Outdoors I, 7 Editorials AIR Sports F I Events CII TV,Rmile 140 fed. Diary .121 Women's 11 1 Phone 223.6000 Cr,.:Itta"` Ettrt'a Carrier Enterprise. uhieh it nou in the Sea of Japan. U.S. Pressing Ship's N. Korea Cites 'Cii eturn; ssion9 1 President Johnson and Defense Secretary RIeNnom disco Pueblo Incident at National Security Council mectin LBJ Si rives To Avoid Use of Force tip Chalmers hi. Roberts end Carrell If lipattlek utultrestan 000 stiar W00.6 Thu �Thite !Those sitting. ly Militated last night that diplomatic efforts to :Memo Oho return of the soiled Navy ship l'ilebb will be continued bcforo any do. OS made tO hae. Mili- tary force, Ott tho end of a long day of tetelevel meetings, including an hour's ses.sion of the Na' dorm! Security Council Moot. dentfal Press SecretarS Ccorge Chri_'stian told newsmen that -the subject In mill open through diplotnatle channels. 1,Ve have not abandoned dips lomatle efforts toward vettte. meat of the instter.- Christian characterized the diplomatic, efforts as "still of parainnuos intermit" hut said ho avoid give no derails, hussians hetes,. Ald Christian rentre after Admin- istration eifirialf. had discloied that the Soviet lintels. to which the United States had quickly appeated for ald in freeing the tveblo and Its .03.inan ad flatly refused to help. Another official said that '(hr response of dm Soviet cove:mama: has not been satits-- factory.- lie added that Wash- jogtea had no evidence that atosemr had even transtnitted Ite request In the Stirth rKoreaa cap0+11 Of Furthermore. North alaj. Gen. Park Chung Kok, the senior Communist repro.. stentative at the hIlsod Arsofe 'lice Commission naceUng at "Panmunjom Tuesday niollt. Wattlngton It ton, Ignored 'Amer:can demands tor return of the Pueblo and its men. RPOrArkg A report front the American Eroberay to Seoul to the State :Department did not say that 'GC. Park had rejected, in ao 'many worsts, the demand. It tild say that the whole tenor of his remarks was negative and AdminiStratIon nflirint took Stern to be a rolectiOn. Thus Just wind the Presi- dent will now deelde to do. If .htrther diploma:1c efforts alks !prove fruillesR, VOA a sloshlY kept secret. There were trails ,eadvaa that a second effort to tcollst Hessian aid wbold let ,made before oak decision on -whether td use force. , Christina said yesterday Menlo.; that -the Coven., Meat. of course, Is oromiscri tout ntsmang. Under the Prest. dent's directive, to toot with Ohs' matter." lie added that no docisions had then lheen reached. ; Itut he and. all other oh 'fivials. Including 8cvrtdarY uI See 110011.0, Altt, Col. 00011i01 141 at motto t crew, Page ,112. Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 U.S-Pressing Ship"Release State Dean- Rusk, who spoke a day earlier. Yesterday when with newsmen at the Capitol, asked if he agreed with a Sena. flatly refused to--talk about tor's characterization of �the future action. . � Meanwhile, an American naval task force built around :the nuclear-powered aircraft carrier Enterprise was, on station in the middle of- the !Sea of -Japan about .150 miles east of Wonsan, where the ;Pueblo has been taken. There .was he word of What addition- al -military 'dispositions may have :been made hilt officials Said that other movements :had been ordered. . There Were "no plans at present" for a presidential ad- dress to the Nation on this serious crisis which had hit official Washington with thun- derbolt .force and -aroused anger. in Congress. Nor was there any sign Of, possible action at the United Nations. :Ambassador Arthur J. Goldberg met for 30 'minutes With Secretary General U Thant to, give him ."all avail- ,able current information." But Thant, who himself had no comment' on the Pueblo inei- dent, reported throng h..a spokesman t,hie Goldberg had "not yet", requested him to : North 'Korea is .rtot � a: U.N: member. Its Communist gov- !erninent has been totally hes- tile to the world organization; : and North Korea is still under a' UN: condeitination :the invasion Of South )(area more than 17 years .agpfL Rusk yesterday escalated hiS own- characterization- :of,,-the !North Korean Capture of ,the 1Pueblo.' which �he, had...termed -"a matter of utmost' gravity" / seizure as ah;:act.Of War, Rusk replied: � � :�. '"it -a vet:Y.. harsh '.att. 7 would not object...to:character- iiing � it as an.act.�.of war in terms of eategeriea in which such :acts Can be'coAstrued." � Rusk declared � that. �'"my strong advisee to North' Korea is to Cool it: There: have been enough. Of these- incidents and they have come out of: North Korea,". a .. reference' .to . the =tinting :attacks on South Korea by bands and by infiltrators.' � � � . � � "North Korea. would be well advised to null ...beck here, stop this kind of. activity, and decide .to.� live in peace � with its neighbors," he .said: '- Rusk also � said that "we would �liketo. soe'.the-RusSians give us some help in this." By the 'Air* he was saying this, however, other officials were � reporting the' Soviet turndown. At the White it also Was Said that the efforts through :the.. Russians. "have not had satisfactory .resultS.", Asked' � Whether. he ;:Saw link between' the North �K rean action and. the Comm rusts in the .:-Vietn ' Rusk replied that he was t. "no organie. connec He added, that "it oss North KoreaAried-"to the pressure but it have �the . slig,hteSt effect," .:Goveintnent�'sp.e-cial) t pear to teunihinious 1 ing the North KOreareinfr lion of th'i:Soutliandit. ' ii urse thePueblo their ottin.'doirie The'elec. any notion that. the. ship vii's 'seized In collaboration with North ,Vietnam or ;With Com- munist China Or the Soviet Union. . The North Koreans, how- ever, 'have 'been embarrassed, it is felt here,- by their inabil- ity to give- much -help to North Vietnam. Whereas '?South -Ko- -rean. troops are, major and ac- tive American and South' Viet- namese allies . There have been raporta of,North-Korean� pilots in North Vietnam but ho -pub- lic confirmation ,that they have . seen -action.. Washington experts,- .Ro- rean and Communist -affairs generally assume that. Soviet intelligence experts will fine- toothcomb the. Pueblo to learn what they .can of ,the ,most se- cret equipment; . Thug there was some feeling here that af- ter this -is- done. Moscow Might be More amenable to asking the-North :Koreans to release the ship and ere*;... There is; Or conrse,-. no guar antee..that North-Korea wonl -take 'suck :Soviet :advice,' offered. :The PyOngyang. gov ernment soines.:montha.. � ag took a .public � :stand of .equ ncle-Pendenee .frorn both Mot o �and �Peking. , � �. , � R Ports-di . the' --Mixed stice Commission seas owed thattheNorth�Kore geeral heaped Charg� argc on the, United Stat esteiday :PyongYang._ put what it 'calla: a' confession' Pueblors� 'captain of e ed . - 0 riStian. termed the licit.' orearr.chargeS,"both cynic a.'distOrtion:ot feet," Sta. trent � spOkesman '.Rcab- :McClealtey � Said tke.military's policy-making role: charges were "cynical, denun- ciatory -of the United States and a distortion of fact." North. Korean .Gen. Park charged that :the Pueblo had engaged in -a ."vicious act of. hostility" inside territorial waters and not outside as the. United States claims.. He also charged that the Pueblo was trying. to "come closer to the land to perpetrate provocative acts" 'when North Korean. navy vessels "returned fire." . � Seizure Seen- .�Linked,to Purge � LONDON,- Jan. 24 (UPI)-- - The seizure of the USS Pueblo is part of a hard-line North Korean strategy that has emerged- after a .Major gov- ernrnerit� and party purge, au- thoritative sources Said today. The shake-up has also 'led to the :systematic acceleration of Campaign of . subversion ill-filtration in South Ko- f.,-,the sources said, purge was believed. to eerr brought about part-, nternal differences and r 1Y .19Y desire tci. help the oniih Vietnamese Communists: str acti g the United' a� . ew cabinet. was appar-i fOrmed � last .month in! gyang. after, Pak . Kum- vice, president of the! sidium, Vice Premier KO and two senior, members: e Communist Party were; ged,the sources said. .1 'Hier, a number of, senior y officers were 'reportedly.; ton the Paky's, mittee, strengthening the I . I Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 Reds Ignore Demand For Return of Ship By Richard Halloran' ' � 4Arl � Wastiiiigton Post Foreign Service ' '...." - . SEOUL, Jan. 24�North Ko-!was an � act of "anti-linit'ed rea today ignored a U.S. de-'States patriotic guerrillas of mand that electronic Surveil- South Korea." He likened the lance ship Pueblo, seized off attempt to that In' which 'Presi- the- Korean coast Tuesday, be dent Kennedy died arid said returned immediately. - President Johnson would meet. At Panmunjom; site of the the same fate. ' � � .' ' Pak told , Smith to, 'stop Korean War armistice meet.; logs North of -here, senior!screaming� like �a frightened i) . :United Nations delegate' Rear mad ua�Oni ldr.,g Northand reiterated Korean eratedt the Adm. John 'V. Smith 'called longstanding. the seizure an '.'act of piracy," demand that "Ainerican.imper, " ggressors get out of '�'' demanded immediate return ialist a Kocea.. iz of. the ship and its crew in-' F tact, and said the United Few here think the Korean War is likely to be 'reopened. � States ' required an apology 113ut no one is -ruling out that from the North Korean. re- 'Possibility In this critical situ- gime. , . .. . Smith . said the Pueblo was,o11.�111o.st Korean and American In international wafers at time servers believe, that the'inei- of incident, ' . � . :Idents are part of. Tier intensi: The senior North' Korean' f ing efforts by 1 to overthrow revolution the South Korean n in 'the-South o Kuk, countered with a demand ,r delegate, Maj. Gen. Pak Chung Ill for a U.S. apology for its 1 government and reunify thrs ula by armed force. Oh- vessels on routine duty' "re- 'C' tolerable Provocative acts." He 'Penins claimed North Korean patrol qeidents of a similar nature 'her e forecast more in- turned fire to the pirate ship, killing and wounding several crewmen and capturing 80-odd others." . Pak said the Pueblo was in- side North Korean territorial waters and told Smith not to make a "foolish attempt to cover up your criminal act like a robber playing'cop, by false- ly claiming the ship was 'in international waters."' Smith also charged North Korea with trying to "perpe- trate the most heinous crime since your barbaric invasion" of South Korea in 1950 in Sunday's unsucceSsful attempt to assassinate South Korean President Park Chung Hee. As Smith- spoke, search and sweep maneuvers continued to round up remaining mem- bers of a 31-Man North Ko- rean commando squad. Since Sunday's fight that broke up the attempt, 15 North Koreans have been killed and one cap- tured. South Korean casual.' ties since Sunday were 14 killed, including a colonel shot to 'death today. Pak retorted that the at- tempt to kill President Park i building up to a peak during the coming summer. South Korean reaction t both incidents bas been mix- ture of shock, anger, and ten- . sion. The South Korean gov- ernment � has lengthened the curfew to begin at ip p... "very night and run until 4 a.m. Armed soldiers are rsta- tiooed at key snots' in city. Much speculation has arisen as to why. North Korea 'seized the espionage vessel. One view held by. well-informed sources Is that this was an effort to. show up the United States as a.' "paper tiger." Although North Korean Premier Kim n. Sung leans toward the Soviet Union because it can supply money and arms, ideologically he favors Communist China's Mao Tse-tung and believes that Americans should be harassed everywhere in. the world as part of a worldwide conflict with "imperialism." The incidents may also have been a North Korean attempt to prevent South Korea from sending more troops-to light In Vietnam, Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 A Thsered, reai TI E II I NC,TON Field Commanders Decided Not to Attempt Ship Rescue By George C. Wilson int: gm entire hUncking Sete NTS, :gond:v. Defence OM. root:mass owe sutt ,,aa., queen's!. IcialS said the Puebles skipper. Dole:Ise officials said lag Thee tesuansibilIty for the Cindy. Lig yd kl. Futehee, night that it was the nellitarYtdecislates during the Puegalo`sidtd "t ea ct. "ty until t" cortunilltd,rti In 0, Nem whegfateful heaters nos thus Putt,sw�th Noreonl Started to �decided against. trying to reSsesquarely 011the military. 'Want hit ship all 1:45 p,m, rue the LISS Pueblo on she Defense officials said theyl The �entagi,n too het div. was hoarded by North Na. were not passing Judgment onIchtse the nature of the colt fur realla� the dreiSlons tondo nor intel te whnt it ��ott tem, The Pentagon added that boogying any (Outten In the capeetto fiki.,, vid the Coy e the hoarding. the skipperturv. lint they implied thatl��s.,,,, �� radgt 01(1 of the Pueblo was left on his once the skipper bad given up ttersted, . moo Defense ofKrialS� whothis sill', there wII, nothing thel Prone 11:45 pm Alonday � ate t could not be Identified underiNa t'y eould Lige* of doing thc grceund rules of their save the sa 6 tiation. meeting with non-sotto, sal& The first. of four North KO.; t'�tulkol the Pueblo reached wen, ildnie. John l'i Smith. f_righte, chief (LS: eletleeo the *Ian 2,1 11311110 A mil front t m pan m if tat t 4 tv es ocogsiee ceent...am ae metnio. reas btque,ix 1.�, tea', dvde.ga. ntl e If t de ic.r seconrom tett is no intIf d ie. its Position. the question WAS pntteSt 10 .,,L1j. Nen. Park Cholla Rua (tar lett), Smite No - -� _. , _.... on enders went out fromitean Patrol boats started hats limo- to re4eut her. Washington It ,he Pueblo 1ur-ia5Sine the Pueblo fit 10 Pan-f Settee the Pueblo has 1 tirnthIsd speed ef Ig.:: knots, mile limy commanders had at Lea)) tWo hours tO latercedo wIllit ,the Nutth Korean patrol honks Tarred the American shlp to ,ward Wonsan harbor. I U.S. airplanes in thc arca ;'even if they could have 'frachert The ship while she WII3 still in international wa tere-, would have had dIffieult.} 'strafing or bombine thy patrol ehoMS without hitting the IPuettio as well. Apparently there tkere nu ll.P.,,arShIPS Mose by to In- tervene. , This apparent slate of U.S. helplessness came through in no official Pentagon etatemottti dint salek 'Timto and distance factors made it imposslhle to respond to the call that was made when the ship was being hoarded," The key military derision thenL�accordefte la the Penta.� gun time sequence�was made by therueblo's skipper. Defense officials said they Uhf receive a message trim, -the skipper that he had started destroying the secret Intelligence equipment on the Tuth ' The ship stayed In radio eunununiendon with Nary shore stations even after the North Koreans 'boarded her. Possibly the Koreans took s�nme time to cut all all the Pueblo's radio comenunicadon gear�same of which could have been sealed off in secret cOmpartments. While boarding start-ad at, 11:45 p.m. Monday. the Pueblo !did net go off the air until 12:52 aim. lucidity. Defense, officials said last night that Secretary Robert S.: 'McNamara aes notified about, the Pueblo rapture at E2f.:3t an. Tuesday. ' I MI rm. Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 7'he 131 +Today-6,1d, occasional light snow, ritiR9 in oPPer Ms, -Tonight-Cold. .Thursday-Cold, Chance of preciPt. ; talon SO% by afternoon, 2035 to- night. Temp. mopes Today, 20.031 Yetterday, 0345, Details, Pav Into' iirralit FINAL , ;a Pore.-1 Sections Amusements 11 0 Po. Diary A= City Life ' C Financial D 9 Glastglest C a Obistarhu C S, Comics IMO Souris ' 1 Editorials A20 TV.Radits 13 8 F.vrots C 8 Women's 13 1 ,IfIst Year No. 50 K rea, th.s. ci ,1110,11q0 E.11) NES .1) A 1., A iN If A 1-1..A7 � 2'I�. Reds Selize The U50.150.10 it shown under tlej: in lids look Naey photo o S Plume 223.5000 `41.1,`Iiiltr PraW Ship, .Carrier .Enterprise 'Leading :- Task Fleet Ordered to .Site Diplimiestio Moves 1ly Chalmers Ai Roberts iicualc.era Pao suit plow President Johnson, has available both diplomatic and military options to secure the return of this American ship and its creW seized by NOrth .K�i\cdairt. intstratien officials stressed last night that he hail made no des eislen On what step to take nest. First he wants to know, they said. Whether the diplomatic efforts 'viii succeed-12 they fail. he now has the option of using the massive military power moved yesterday into the Sea of Japan off North, Korea. The of ficials indicated that some de- lcision is possible shortly On military action if- the North Koreans do not promptly release the Pueblo and its 'crew. The first responseifrom North KO- ;reit %yak a rejection of the American demand to return the ship, according to dispatches from the Mixed irmistice Commission meet. ing in Korea late la,t night. Vashington time, Jai Gen. Chnaltituk, the chief North Korean delegate, charged that the Pueblo had conmdtted "intolerable Move. cotloui" and had illegally 'In. iihrate,W North Korean waters on no espionage adsoion." American officials ,1111i PICA. y last night that whether there Is a rtme war between the United States and North Mores Is wholly up to dir Commtnalsts. A National Security Council neeting is scheduled for I p.m today at the White 01005e at whichthere Is expected to he an assescrrient of the illplo. matte efforts to win release of the Pueblo. Al a meeting of the Korean fixed Armistice Commis:ion lost night, Washington time, at Panmunjom on the line which divides North front South Korea. the United Stales de, manded the return of the ship and crew. American Boar Admiral John V. Smith also demanded an aflology from the North Koreans. fie called seizure of the Pueblo .the most heinous crime" since the outbreak of the Korean War In 1939. Smith conpled the ship Mel dent With the rising number of North Korean incursions nto South Korea across the demilitarized zone and ht Sec EFFECTS, Al. Col. I tciewastaaat 1. At, 111.1011En Pueblo's captain earned Mot if they centineed; tlte reSponsibIllty for the' conSeeuences would rout' on the North Koreans. The United :states also has moved on the diplomatic front o free the ship by asking the Soviet Union to intervene. A message wai given tim,11:1O. /1 (lion sly George C,1111,on and David Hoffman weiaiortea rok, Malt writer% North -Korean patrol boats raptured a ship of the, till. Navy yesterday anti the United Slates pecniiptly oriteriiit a sea-air task force led by the carrier Enterprise into waters off North Kerea. the Edemas Department reported 11151 foUr Of 'the 113 Creamy:4i aboard the USS Pueblo. au intelligeace ship, were wounded during the capture. At least one is said to he in critical con- dition, errs though the 900 ten des- set, IsCist its goos silent during the encounter. North Korea Said its patrol tioalS turned fire front the Pueblo and that several American crew members 'mere killed or woundelL l'he intelligence ship Carried three 511 ealiber wobble guns while the Communist gunboats are armed 0 Rh 40 nun. cannons. spokestiten had nothing to say about an exchange of. genflre ontY Mat the Pueblo', did net use Its guns ofittials said the attacht took place 16 tulles off Mei North Korean mainland In ternatieial waters. ilowever, North Kbrea countered Matt ' the Pueblo halt trespassedi within its 12.mile territorial The firSt North Korean pa, trot boat pulled alongside the Puebla at 10 pins. EST klinnias � and threatened It with cannon fire union the Ames-lean ship "hove M." Them ether tjum boats jolned the firs: attaik croft Stem afteneard and oars rounded the Intelligeneo ship. An hour and 45 mimic, after the first Communist craft almoner:I, an armed ;Vents Korean party boarded the Pueblo under :Loner of fighter otarics. The Pueblo's skipper. Caidr. Gleyd St. I Bucher, 37, was ordered' to Lotion' pie onto of a COranni. niOt patrol boat Into Wonsan ho � rtm The carrier linter'Pri d Se ha left Stogies, Japan. late day. betted for a station Off the meat of North Vietnam. But hettnedlately after the Mersin seizure. theater cont. modem turned die big ship around .4 ordered to pro. eed northeastward toward tIne t at noon. Esrorting the Enterprise 'is the nuclear frigate Tension, everal des:royera and stspiali hips sumanmed from part.. in Japan. Air cover for the quint. it' assembled flotilla will he drawn from the Enterprise and bases In Japan and Korea as required. An the crisis deepened, American Antbaseldur Wil- liam J. Porter repent,* told South Korean Premier Chung I at Seoul that the United States hat t Ice n "grave teldai steps" to deal vith the seizure. The Defense boportment's deputy information chief, Dan. lc! lienkin, reported last nigh; that eat until the weal boarding bad begon.-an hour and 43 minutes utter the first natio: hoes aopeariacu-sild See PUElt1.0..14, Cat. I (Id 1 0 e 3 en ion.2.4. WyLdrean To. Pia 6/ Gt. 00. ,I p mime. approsInette position of Me 1550Fuenie viten it ha, Soloed ht' North :Korean patrol beat. and Diton to the um( of Wonsan. The nuelcur carrier Cotes. rise, whieh Ject left Sm�ebo, Japan, and other U.S. eN,Ols wen, frporled rooting toward North Korea. Congresrii Reacts: Ship's Recovery Pressed by Hill Congress reacted a n ngrilel Fe ticenge .tiken (ES gesteroa to North Korea's., th -Nor capture of the Ameri There were calls for milifcan orta auth Korea it al1P91..Yhta 40, I:genre ahip, the USS Pueblo, " �.� Inn' ac to recover the ns COO tnItIPS tia South Vietnam." tion e sel and Its inionan Pito. frolni Otte Of he. strongest ('etc. city Ii Woman, where Oleos came teem Rep, Rob 'A d- uos rotted lino part. Ism, Mr:41U who demanded Sea. itichsrd It. Ruseell th-ithot the vaned States take G3J. Chairman of Inc Senate. thriiittrY mitten -kit once- to \ zoned Services Committee, reroyer the Puebla and her called thwseigure "almost an!rTatys wmt`a 91to threo act of wan"! Ws Boas, coehJetiltiCal questions that core tenetrt. Ken, it. Shendel itiecis'eeltoctl by 0 number of lenisla. Present win take oil pew. The -m three that ust be D.S,C.), said, hope tnet President tort toe). utepa to gegrn.e thIn at,. answered" mere, he sold: Why to one 'wasn't ate Corr sent? Valy Some, including critics 0510..91- thorn"ad. mil!" the Aennjasts,.,,,p,,,.., pot, in tory proteetion. Inc the pattot- Vietnam suggested that tholii" Piieb!.2 55000's tha 125, continitment there A;13t5hiP .bitb-`4 by it'. r.P'i" responAble Inc the Noel :119.d crew before it wets Korean sullen, ,boartled by the North Koreans gen 3 William Polbri h: "to Prcvent tsix ,ecret intelli- (1).Ark.), Chairman of the por.,kettiT iTIMPMent from falling eine itelatiOns Committee who�InT..., h..1`" is quietly probing the 15041 z:mmie SlaionlY Loador confrontation in the l'ortkin,Mile (P.M,,�-t1 Gulf. and Sen. Stuart Sytnit;grsS,:g to n oi tnlero.otl000t law" n (D.3to.) said the Arnettc ,�,,,i�,,Enien,3'lotnam,lin,:and said he assuaml the Gov. Bowed other countriesfleece'Ail mote againSt the impunity. I See REACT, AC, Cal. t Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 Approved for Release: 2018/08/22 C06638269 ikinen.1.1,xi.N.A.M THE WASIIINiVitiN POSI. Ptlfill1.0�from linue I Korean Reds Seize U.S. Vessel lila Pueblo's skipper radio forth rio yrsimolui. is help. ' tothite 11,000 tire. 101.0011 to the ...ranee ts,oneteny, iworce hhinstma that view. tba Pueltho's kaptain aide Walt Ott Ito." tt:r.u.,,K,,airl,.:�,C....,,,,,W),arcic.r... choir.ial le..ht oi.ne hetnebnandii1,4,1::::_� . man of the Joint alter, of idea retice that the' Puebla - rown� What on, in ...hut* trouble. E'en -ry haled m T reomor meek throoe ., rap a � , .lug of the National Secorityeuest Immehlate alit, th m at oll e''''t9 arsed en tely co � also II' h.. had done AO to all h. c. la ichedul.1 far lido. eleoscri hetoren Um an, render''without a (rat, At � ' .m-han iietiet,OrYii rt o te wh. had pm. today, The NSC Ir. met nu:trance of the first North . heart . '� ' no time lienklo laid, did the.occumed. At that boor. the wh .1 I'd' tit. 474. Feb 4, 4,,,,,,. ,4�44. ,,,,K40:4c4an,,po ,a,...thie ho,�th,,,i,o,n., ' 1 the '''''''''''''''''''''''''''...t.Wr h'i gone 'h to the N" th' ''''. 'n'i A V.0 nay. brawl beton eat, Othl OS. fight., tailed to in' h' 'hh' rather than "e "'''''' taken to e h,�tde loranile ' resew the licloagoeirdi ]hn. 'tall into North Korean hand,. tWan :Pm a wanaaa tar :. R^Ittat,e atta,ta wMartud Seernmry of.. State lar.on afloat, an Thu don'. a Union raixin4uthe,que,,tion,4.41.7.. ,� 'the Pueblo lay quiet oith en�Illosh oar alcried through cutlet, damaged by CO,ofed. ,,,41,4h44 C;....,,,h,,,t:,,,.. I ,,,,T...�],,r4f4., girl' oft a. four one. Sheilah, ;ow, .e.narethent-b opeee.t crate 'hurt fire oa, cap urr.1 _044., 4u,,,rt,,on...ji r,,,,,.., :lifer additional patrol Imataittone center mound midetithi,tm naa.a,rta Itat,,,,,, _ 1,-, ,,,, ,,,,.,,,..�1,,,;,. a.:., took up rost.tlow ananed hohlWa.hlortan time. AaeteSairt, 8.1l101,lbt,':.....�1.,�,71., II'.: Rod alit �, ,i,�,, }.,� With her retthIsticated elmthitecne., Killian, P Ilionds.19ht oil's ' --f �',:,� hi. nn ' temporary tours of dine ironic and acoustic monitoring,haee area et all of the partan American th P, t meth often than Cal. these device, the Intellizewe thip.haet. heard the ,,,.., at ihyo jacked et the high teat e la . , tt 44 hate, 44 ,,,,,.. rulhably heard the North Nee ,r foteign poster with ohkh. th s myna] co, a reanefott ea theY �Prwachl vars oat pa ,aa last I., build hiph kill's,. night Sr to otien Swthlary of Ii it hid' kn.'. whether the Defame Robert S, MrSatr.ara Puebles crew had a amt., tniottothrr lop Pentagon officials deotroy Oe shin', tnnueeretioete alerted or o briber they Intelligence equipment before hod glom the ship any orders. their capture, Howes., almost Christian Ind:rated that the all such dmiere fratere mirth.. hod been dloausscat "cleatritet" switch that trigger,at the regular Iths,da.� lomat Nation was nohartivels al oar..w a.aas, lote n the ear ellialte ti t of abuiul lit- Ilaliliolt oil ett. the 010,lhtc�,e� As inters fly. K..55 I.itut co..] bait, been harassed hy IT enfant, from the soot the North Korean navy. Th. ohm., the Pan.� eneountered t'll*."rthur talon air hare, te and ICC ci mixht not haa�",.., e�od Tamm-are /33A than half an a ntained charge of ex.ttbe Ttheudent hold, with fizialt,thiLlig Ito ti!l titan ten pelt ni groelec Plosive ler the during taterdNieNamara and Rotolo. � President Johnson ire, si,1"�.4nVatS'e riT'artr'.i.CtIlfdtrd'f'en7to auakersed betocrs 2 and 2,10�Direetor nichird Penn, and 077'. � la, ea ture� T.9 � ltd., detailed CS. Air rort< map thous the ,pet ohm, Il.S. the Chu Pueblo Ca, raptured In � International water. at North Korean pa.. host, 'Tee heavy dotted lint seN, Korea is the MI craw, the tine hoot. Nerth arid South Korea. 1:14Terii�lirout rano II ti--Thla .1 the logical location fee tap, rteontIng cquipowut that records th�,,n4.441,4nnOle.4,4,11.4�7:4 11,11t4ebre4reptterr,d ,,,by44,411.4hei off Wont 11th n.,t of the ,Iths�-at wa, the oho tn'the �LISS hthertY, 0,1i616.1 the Pueblo ha, had lit 1101mm-10.1 for under...cc thdeninh Mann... the .IIID wells a lent line ,u1,,,,44%ydrghopinhnenzl,�.4,htfachleltu4a,1444Itthr44.;; la nenerith Ihr surface, draigeo dean it A Planinil dl, lee, and hat weighted '�:if'eurt toe"''''''he'r' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''' W%1.1.7'..'''' 'ti4sit".'ettr:Frqu.'";%1"kre7Ild.M1:�lni tudmehones hanging erom It like a ..TTelne,t'10�Tin?enn armouo�, Johns. tombated In ord., orahheri, Inn him, .e...,,444,aittiye,Tl .t. h.t. deures� the North litetnamese ferret specialists, These Signal...I underwater, .11.1 Ill denature by tacit slop make, a dielinfliet sotind in, th.S FIghterbunibere II later, 'thee. add nose, �tem IS. from ohich Ai/eh Waft art' led Into 5 computer by US. in. craft apPeare4, One vet them ...,", ote,,Iiis,:�nuu,e2perts tar ready comp.'. son to ,ignals monied by ferret thin. order.: Tams th 'my oak. ,Tbis raid. the firth 03 :shoal to elfse enoliMent . the, thin Ian hcen retooled to make room for clee If the Puebio had soult ondrrnnter I lute a ptlet aboard,' The ' lett... lit.eiied 1. ill faroo en theat (write coition:eat ,och as the Var. ear detection ettotpthenk and it nout raw china elated in no the month, the neittrinfna of we 3.-lhe lout poi. appear to thiPPort tiled on the h011 IdiscrtY. Sat.thy the Ilkela did, it could Illuni in thIpa Puebla, taking different p0,I, .,,,,,,,,nthtn4 att.', I cable' ter trumatIttive Melo. er to tOratlir larlitil the Middle EA3 wen p.n. br Iktr to WO ittntad '?'ittltrle'r.' l'Ttr:rt'''';i1oPraairr'. %t1 � REACT-- . a t.' ,..�, Ai an. (.()Iigt�essilltil Call fo)t� Seized Ship lie.etwen, bawl how. ha, ,..' -t�t�Te iir 'hi. W., 'rah the.qh the SOO. Unit. and Want are anoplled by Chiaat the Pilaus taken by the North !Fe th Karr, ctn. Mark. Kh]Clatk. oho I, new the Pre.' began harking toward the bow Japan, ohich bate diplomatic and t au, the sneict untonhKareans, he raid. d tar., arid to Chat leston. hth,ident at The Cuadeh a military of the Poebbi with tendert what'll, olth North Korea. , tlrtrale. ,, . rte.. An awned beard.. -Ms it, omeal. I think. St 'lathe ., ,.. ..�e ,be .b., .bat allis Ilawath �id the United' oat a leant Mr Pers., Ito' 'II dee.e't surprise me. It �PartY was ...d Inc ...ding on thInv r.'re C0133 Or hate a , '-.� ' .... - 4. et should .311 no thrimm.. oegmlatfoes in Vise ene�, me, of ,,,,,,,,o, go, thit how. lot :Mee of.' Syhnington hilt: ishi.�-ofter all. were Pr. d Natiotor to condemn na... ' hilt the flrot time the 33331 .1113 Poets. radioed at .1,1,,,,'.$,..u, Koreans arch.: 1 heatna engaged'. oleinant" Ink act of piracy,' 1 .The bonfrrente table I, In Korea slalattol the argil, li''' , r.l ''''' 'he wTi 'et" fl. Toed. ahaY ihn. North hen William fL �Kate. CR. Outtide rung:co, the man haat an extend.] of the oar tthe. Ai ..ft as I athrted It �` zhg:Iyetv,th: I.4.rmahr ,11,4odi, �.� (top nset,,,� ot who neentiawd the UM arrnlyqur the Common:5th" Said Met' bean tn tiobtb,k," LBJ 1�1 TA Dii.)101/11.1.Cy Or at tor. , crateidaia. the Pueblo re' alon. there ri, s.,th go. Om Ilause ...meet derete.4 , .-____ _ � Ported that sbe had been re onsmittee, condemned the To F: ee Ship. Creit; e attested tu follow the .North � Korean ,b1p] Into Wonsan and chute as ea dathardly am at kitty.' ohne Rep. Duroard that Ma had am u,sil 'a.. Flirt," 0/11�S� i. Ilan lit,h1.1 "aid "loth . '' K provevatIona' demanded an 'trip, hill:mien, l h ,�4iTil - tweets . . .. b mmrdlate and thrcetal re PUNb13 0A3A font at MT.' a m. ,,..�' �;2,,,,,,.'l'u '...." ll?il Anna, la reported that it had 100110 a.,.."',. r:'''''''' ."'.� m Although !town agreed 'at aeon' and that .t `tat 'Col. i'''' -""' . t'''4'e the. with SyminMen, contention off the ale?' � truce The maneuver that the United States ...I The North Korean radio '"�,,ntt, d.e.;tt� �i, - t 100o�tdr I y , p re a d mitharily m PrOPilY charded the pueblo � � ... . .' a "" I'. around the Oveld. he 1A01 the eon., was -capable. of ha illing any of cur Or.. nen. oe may' ha's' In Karel and al the tume time maintain our posture in Vietnam". II... 1101' leader Gerald 11. Ford of Allertican sold the North Korean should release the ship i'fortba kV �If the ',owl wet cruising n International waters. as wa aroarentle the rate, there II no rue:ideation whatever for shoed). after the gelfure of the tall" to call for ihy th,N, at. also. MoScow ymtordayinot then have sitthricht do � , aun Administration *Meta. Sc. While Adraintitratlan nffh terday viewed the Puebla clals vote of getti. the thiP den, teed, ��ht wesetio hand thc Men bark ar quickly non lay thud surprite, as the as possible, there was no ree. Mail Scrim. in (arta tirre Woo: that hi. swim the arrni]the too July IT. lhatNerth Korea 10111 Oat the ended the bloody thittqlentsoy ship" had Ihtroded Into Its territorial oat., although The atilitlie waa tharathWe the United Stole, said the h10 al a "Matte, Of Mole, Pueblo was IS mile, off shore gr.." .cl the hMto fiePort'i The la. how of .�iller'"'T� Mt. a seat atddepq. � . otem lb it .an7,t 'aunt moved at once for a din,scroleemen tolag Watured 1,pd totheth�. fighters, tolootie riii,.da�. The. Tr'twa, to t'"�2,,,.whe� t".� e'sea�a� saith Kapea alleged that South Kowa hao a hi. merit u, the oar.' -.".helieo.oe Poid� i'ree" A rut.: of the raid,. oblch It ger arMY Oat email ale leaded by the. nuelear.pmetdoon north el the Korean dhey. ottt by ,tes,th btree... ret,,� . need carrier fiMerPtioe airiding line They new et.. Koreett �t.erittea. the "hort range PI fighter ready obeaolry st nod.' waY ht Mettler] tett Yetr taw. south Kurean authuriflea had, and otd let. ff A{ 0 � gene low a �11, ot theory, tended In Nth", that illaleerloufnuoil of flagrant St-OP eart meta phosited what It termed the North hilieeana, thrill, Sloe '0 Kesoa tor7eint'i f ptiOardo rl UniftV bNL:orht NKpte'onth r'e rhoe't1",! .k."1�h!"eter.'.�,";43, VI in char.:ging and then SA13. �313:1 what kcal!. tec ro f 4,4 MI the Pueblo which hail and "hot; artillery ace] U tit � been in the area Inc toolaae�...hite:, had .tne after the attentlit .o weeks, y rein the old. assattlnate - South Korean elnriakt said the,/ diclIelaPlottVe-ecoofoN.th Korea, yes. President Park Chung Ileo. bere'::TtniZfa St� Air F�ree any concerted Comment. al. to open a strond 11001 against the United States tn costa, Roomer, WY Pointed otit thol the Tooth Korea hate tzepoed liaith their i II. f go h ronminnicaliont 1111 gri'; hca.dquartirs near Tokyo had i'ttrh dielthla the two Koreas The broadcast sold the raids Place "as the armed gee of remnutionary ow, o,e,'aatltrO In the violence of their Teri,. at. torts Lcou.:Ptgeti. tacks on dm Untied Statesi Tiete , ba� Ko.. �"t. the Y.'. T.. Wean line for thine time, claim dent Park Chond tee 'Ai the tinned iXatinits, killed or captured. im added.- butthuor Arthim J. Goldberg Noreen fore. and noire rolled on U-N.'Scrodary COO. with "the universal. .1 roost, igiVeolO1=11;"srld'g'gri Ur;r:hp'?op:1:'tit'ull.' It tho ti hour hO jet front the thine ,pot. esonem. 'acme thd Poo ...I tith. 111:4rostuti4on perched atop In the hli'dffr..?I'e't?'4:.\to�,V stm at.���ate.4. lb nyn the One nickname. dta 3 mile EST tillendaYI a North Korean ,eutla el the Tath parallel nit patrol boat anta,aehori du.. theorist