NATIONAL BASIC INTELLIGENCE FACTBOOK

• Document Type: FOIA
• Collection: FOIA Collection
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): 06727042
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: U
• Document Page Count: 6
• Document Creation Date: December 28, 2022
• Document Release Date: May 4, 2018
• Case Number: F-2017-02097
• Publication Date: July 1, 1979

Approved for Release: 2018/04/27 C06727042
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National
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National
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GC BIF 79-007
July 1979
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Warning Notice
National Security
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Unauthorized Disclosure
Information Subject to Criminal Sanctions
Dissemination Control
Abbreviations
f
All material on this page
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National
Foreign
Assessment
Center
-Secret
-
National
Basic Intelligence
Factbook
July 1979
Supersedes the January 1979
edition, copies of which should
be destroyed.
The Factbook, a compilation of basic data on political
entities worldwide, is produced semiannually by the
Office of Geographic and Cartographic Research
with contributions provided by various components of
the Central intelligence Agency, the Defense intelli-
gence Agency, and the Department of State. Com-
ments, suggestions, and requests for additional copies
may be addressed to:
Office of Geographic and Cartographic Research
(Attn: Factbook)
Central intelligence Agency
Washington, D.C. 20505
Unless otherwise indicated,
individual entries are Unclassified.
--Secret-
GC BIF 79-002
July 1979 .
(b)(3)
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�T�
Page
.TAIWAN 234
Tanganyika (see TANZANIA)
TANZANIA 236
Tasmania (see AUSTRALIA)
THAILAND 238
TOGO 239
TONGA 241
Transkei (see SOUTH AFRICA)
TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO 242
TUNISIA 243
TURKEY 245
TUVALU (formerly Ellice Islands) 246
�U�
UGANDA 247
Umm al Qaiwain (see UNITED ARAB EMIRATES)
U.S.S.R. 248
UNITED ARAB EMIRATES: Abu Dhabi, 'Ajman, Dubai, Fujairah,
Ras al Khaimah, Sharjah, Umm al Qaiwain 251
United Arab Republic (see EGYPT)
UNITED KINGDOM 252
UNITED STATES 273
UPPER VOLTA 254
URUGUAY 255
�V�
VATICAN CITY 257
VENEZUELA 258
VIETNAM 259
WALLIS and FUTUNA 261
Walvis Bay (see SOUTH AFRICA)
WESTERN SAHARA (formerly Spanish Sahara) �262
WESTERN SAMOA 263
YEMEN (Aden) 264
YEMEN (Sana) 265
YUGOSLAVIA 266
�Z�
ZAIRE 268
ZAMBIA 270
Zanzibar (see TANZANIA)
ZIMBABWE-RHODESIA 271
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July 1979
TURKEY
gee Wm= amp VI
LAND
766,640 km'; 35% cropland, 25% meadows and pastures,
23% forested, 17% other
Land boundaries: 2,574 km
WATER
Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 6 nm except in
Black Sea where it is 12 nm (fishing 12 nm)
Coastline: 7,200 km
PEOPLE
Population: 44,236,000 (July 1979), average annual
growth rate 2.5% (current)
Nationality: noun�Turk(s); adjective�Turkish
Ethnic divisions: 85% Turkish, 12% Kurd, 3% other
Religion: 99% Muslim (mostly Sunni), 1% other (mostly
Christian and Jewish) � .
Language: Turkiih, Kurdish, Arabic
Literacy: 55%
Labor force: 17.2 million; 57% agriculture, 18% industry,
25% service; substantial shortage of skilled labor; ample
unskilled labor (1978)
Organized labor: 25% of labor force
�"StettEtr-_
TURKEY
�sEeREE_
NR Record
GOVERNMENT
Legal name: Republic of Turkey
Type: republic
Capital: Ankara
Political subdivisions: 67 provinces
Legal system: derived from various continental legal
systems; constitution adopted 1961; judicial review of
legislative acts by Constitutional Court; legal education at
Universities of Ankara and Istanbul; accepts compulsory ICJ
jurisdiction, with reservations
National holiday: Republic Day, 29 October
Branches: President elected by parliament; Prime Minis-
ter appointed by President from members of parliament;
Prime Minister is effective executive; cabinet, selected by
Prime Minister and approved by President, must command
majority support in lower house; parliament bicameral
under constitution promulgated in 1961; National Assembly
has 450 members serving 4 years; Senate has 150 elected
members, one-third elected every 2 years, 15 appointed by
the President to 6-year terms (one-third appointed every 2
years), and 19 life members; highest court for ordinary
criminal and civil cases is Court of Cassation, which hears
appeals directly from criminal, commercial, basic, and peace
courts
Government leaders: President Fahri Koruturk; Prime
Minister Bulent Ecevit
Suffrage: universal over age 21
Elections: National Assembly and Senate (1/3 of seats),
Republican People's Party won a plurality in June 1977;
Presidential (1980)
. Political parties and leaders: Justice Party (JP),
Suleyman Demirel; Republican People's Party (RPP), Bulent
Ecevit; National Salvation Party (NSP), Necmettin Erbakan;
Democratic Party (DP), Faruk Sukin; Republican Reliance
Party (RRP), Turhan Feyzioglu; Nationalist Action Party
(NAP), Alpaslan Turkes; Communist Patty illegal
Communists: strength and support negligible
Other political or pressure groups: military forced
resignation of Demirel government � in March 1971 and
remains an influential force in national affairs
Member of: ASSIMER, Council of Europe, EC (associate
member), ECOSOC, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC,
ICAO, IDA, IEA, IFC, IHO, ILO, IMCO, IMF, 100C, IPU,
ITC, ITU, NATO, OECD, Regional Cooperation for
Development, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO,
WSG, WTO
ECONOMY
GNP: $48.7 billion (1978), $1,131 per capita; 2.7% real
growth 1978, 7%-8% average annual real growth 1970-76
Agriculture: main products�cotton,. tobacco, cereals,
sugar beets, fruits, nuts, and livestock products; self-suffi-
cient in food in average. years
Major industries: textiles, food processing, mining (coal,
chromite, copper, boron minerals), steel, petroleum
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TURKEY
Crude steel: 1.9 million tons produced (1976), 45 kg per
capita
Electric power: 5,000,000 kW capacity (1978); 22 billion
kWh produced (1978), 505 kWh per capita
Exports: $2,288 million (f.o.b., 1978); cotton, tobacco,
fruits, nuts, metals, livestock products, textiles and clothing
Imports: $4,599 million (c.i.f., 1978); crude oil, machin-
ery, transport equipment, metals, mineral fuels, fertilizers,.
chemicals
Major trade partners: 22.1% West Germany,- 9.3% Italy,
6.9% U.S., 6.2% Switzerland, 5.4% France (1977)
Aid: economic authorizations: U.S., $535 million (FY70-
77); other Western (ODA and 00F), $1,130 million (1970-
77); Communist, $1,094 million (1970-77); OPEC, ODA,
$362 million (1974-77); military authorizations: U.S., $1,414
million (FY70-77)
Budget: (FY78) revenues $13.1 billion, expenditures $14.7
billion, deficit $1.6 billion
Monetary conversion rate: 25.25 Turkish liras=US$1
(July 1978)
Fiscal year: 1 March-28 February
COMMUNICATIONS
Railroads: 8,253 km standard gage (1.435 m); 143 km
double track; 72 km electrified
Highways: 60,000 km total; 21,000 km bituminous;
26,000 km gravel or crushed stone; 2,500 km improved
earth; 8,500 km unimproved earth
Inland waterways: approx. 1,689 km
Pipelines: 1,288 km crude oil; 2,055 km refined products
Ports: 10 major, 35 minor
Merchant marine: 163 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling
1,251,300 CRT, 1,931,400 DWT; includes 12 passenger, 96
cargo, 1 liquefied gas, 22 tanker, 22 bulk, 7 specialized
carrier, 2 roll-on/roll-off cargo
Civil air: 23 major transport aircraft, including 5 leased in
Airfields: 121 total, 102 usable; 58 with permanent-sur-
face runways; 3 with runways over 3,660 m, 25 with �
runways 2,440-3,659 m, 21 with runways 1,220-2,439 m
Telecommunications: good international, fair domestic
service; maintenance a continuing problem; radio relay
being expanded and improved; 1.1 million telephones (2.7
per 100 popl.); 40 AM, 4 FM, and 36 TV stations; 1 coaxial
submarine cable; 1 Atlantic Ocean satellite station
DEFENSE FORCES
Military manpower: males 15-49, 10,072,000; 5,951,000
fit for military service; about 444,000 reach military age (20)
annually
Personnel: 485,000 army, 45,400 navy, 52,300 air force
(970 pilots), 100,000 gendarmerie
Major ground units: 4 armies, 10 corps with corps troops,
15 infantry divisions, 2 mechanized divisions, 6 separate
armored brigades, 4 mechanized infantry brigades, 5
246
infantry brigades, 1 airborne brigade, 1 commando brigade,
3 mobile gendarmerie brigades, 3 regiments (2 infantry, 1
armored), 33 battalions (22 artillery, 11 border); each field
army has 1 aviatioreg1rnent assigned and each corps has 1
aviation battalion
Ships: 12 destroyers, 2 frigates, 13 submarines, 48 patrol
craft, 32 mine warfare, 5 amphibious ships, 68 amphibious
craft, 45 auxiliary, 57 service
Aircraft: 1,169 (473 jet); 657 (473 jet) in air force, 493 in
army aviation, 19 in naval air
Missiles: 8 SAM squadrons (Nike Hercules with 72
launchers)
Supply: mostly dependent, on foreign sources, primarily
U.S., Canada, and West Germany; manufactures some small
arms, trucks and adequate quantities of ammunition; builds
some of its naval ships including submarines with technical
and material assistance
Military budget: for fiscal year ending 28 February 1979,.
$2.6 billion; about 16% of proposed central government
budget
INTELLIGENCE AND SECURITY
Turkish National Intelligence Organization (TNIO), in-
cluding Turkish National Security Service Directorate
(TNSS), domestic/foreign; and Intelligence Directorate,
Turkish General Staff (J-2), domestic/foreign; Turkish
National Police, domestic; Ministry of Foreign Affairs,
foreign; Gendarmerie, Intelligence Section, domestic
July 1979
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