FOREIGN RELATIONS AUTHORIZATION ACT OF 1972

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May 17, 1972
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Approved For Release 2005/01705 :CIA-RDP74B00415R000600110023-5 S 8067 May 17, 1972 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE I ask These 43 Americans are responsible for this provision section 504 was put in the t sid en , Mr. , ELLIVION. Mr. Pre unanimous consent that the order for the overseeing the sanitary conditions in bill. quorum call be rescinded. more than 1,000 meat packing plants I ask unanimous consent that that The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without which process meat for shipment into entire section of the report be printed objection, it is so ordered. the United States. These plants ship more in the RECORD at this point. than 1 billion pounds of meat a year into There being no objection, the extract the United States. The truth of the mat- was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, FOREIGN RELATIONS AUTHORIZA- ter is that we need many more Ameri- as follows: TION ACT OF 1972 cans performing this service to pro- SECTION 504. PERSONNEL REDUCTION The Senate continued with the consid- tect the U.S. consumer, not fewer. This section requires that by June 30, 1973, eration of the bill (S. 3526) to provide au- They protect U.S. agriculture and the the total number of U.S. government per- thorizations for certain agencies con- food economy from the introduction of sonnet assigned abroad, other than person- ducting the foreign relations of the diseases and pests that do not exist in nel of the Department of State (including this country and would cause untold reimbursable personnel carried on the De- Ullited States, and for other purposes. partment's rolls), members of the Armed 1 AMENDMENT NO. less damage to U.S. plants and animals Forces not assigned as attaches or to mili- should they gain a foothold here. tary aid activities and volunteers in the Mr. BELLMON. Mr. President, I ask There are, only eight Americans en- Peace corps, be reduced by at least ten per- unanimous consent that the pending gaged in research on marketing quality cent from the current levels. In addition, the amendment be temporarily laid aside in of U.S. products exported to Europe. This amendment places a worldwide ceiling of order that amendment No. 1189 may be small number of market researchers are 6,000 on the number of State Department called up. aiding in the development of equipment personnel (including' reimbursable person- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there and techniques to deliver U.S. perishable nel assigned to the Department) who can objection? Without objection, it is so be stationed overseas at any one time. commodities to major European markets. According to the recent information avail- ordered. A large- Potential for expanded export able to the Committee, there are some Mr. BELLMON. Mr. President, I call UP trade in fresh fruits, vegetables, meats, 26,000 U.S. personnel overseas under the my amendment No. 1189 and ask that it and other perishable depends on the de- jurisdiction of diplomatic mission chiefs. Of be read. velopment of improved delivery methods, this total, State Department personnel en- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The The reduction in force proposed by this gaged in regular Department related activi- amendment will be read. section could result in the removal of 20 ties number 3,409 or about 13 percent. If to The assistant legislative clerk read the Americans from any of these functions. It this total are added those carried on the amendment (No. 1189) as follows: Department's rolls as reimbursable person- could result in the elimination of all re- nel, those whose duties actually are in be- On page 31, line 1, following the word "mis- search activities of the Department of half of other agencies such as A.I.D., U.S. In- sions," insert the following: "personnel of the Agriculture overseas under Public Law formation Agency, and 'others, the State Department of Agriculture,". 480 and other programs designed to in- Department total increases to 5,809-but Mr RFT TMON Mr. President, the pur- crease our export markets. Or it could even this amount represents only 22 percent pose of this amendment is very simple. result in a reduction by one-half of the of the total. The language of S. 3526 as now written size of the present inspection program By comparison there were: 5,047 AID personnel; would reduce the number of personnel of carried on by the Department of Agri- 4,650 Defense Department personnel (ex- each of the agencies other than the State culture to insures t a.t n dductscoming cluding members of the Armed Forces) ; Department by 10 percent. This includes into our country are pure and who e1 SOlne. 8,372 Peace Corps personnel; the Department of Agriculture, and in I am sure that this is not the intention 1,069 USIA personnel; checking with the Department I find of e~~?^^~^~~+ ?? ?r ?rpfnrP ;t my 1,527 other Executive Branch personnel?in- that presently the Department of Agri- feeling that the personnel of the U.S. eluding Justice, Agriculture, Commerce, culture has a total of only 203 American Department of Agriculture should be ex- HEW, NASA and EXIM Bank. In other words, for every State Department citizens assigned overseas. The jobs con- empt from the personnel reduction order employee overseas there are four more em- ployees by those individuals fall into four by section 504 of this act. ployees from other government agencies. categories: Therefore, it is my hope that the chair- This situation indicates that our overseas One. The Foreign Agriculture Service man of the committee will accept this missions have developed into miniature has only 138 Americans overseas. These amendment. I strongly feel that the per- foreign policy establishments, drawn along persons are engaged in market develop- sonnel of the USDA should not be in- the lines of Washington Itself. Those Execu- ment and reporting on market opportu- eluded in the reduction order by section tive Branch agencies (Other than State) nitkes and the competitive situation for 504 of S. 3526. which have a foreign-policy input in Wash- Mr. FULBRIGHT. Mr. President, com- ington-ranging from the Department of agricultural markets around the world. Defense to the Department of Agriculture- Their main effort is directed toward ex- ing from a ri rat State as I do, also have their representatives overseas, the port expansion programs that have I am, Of course, very sympathetic to the only difference being that the representa- helped to increase U.S. farm exports to. point the Senator from Oklahoma is tion is on a smaller scale. record levels. making. There are one or two observa- This provision would begin to reverse this The second category is in Agriculture tions I should like to make. situation and start to reduce the number of Research Service, with only 14 Americans The bill as reported does not impose a government employees overseas to a more assigned overseas. The personnel in this 10-percent cut in the overseas personnel manageable level, while a the same time en- of each agency. The categories which are hancing the power of the State department category are highly trained research ad- to regain better control over our missions ministrators who supervise projects un- mentioned on page 98 of the report are abroad. der the Public Law 480 program. These simply illustrative of the numbers in- This mandatory reduction reflects the Com- projects are of great value to the United volved. In other words, it was our inten- mittee's concern over the proliferation of States and the host country and are tion that it be an overall cut, to be government personnel abroad. it recognizes carrried on at a minimum cost to the allocated amo all the agencies in ac- that some reductions have been made in the taxpayers. cordance with he execcu lye depart- last several years, but believes that substan- tially greater reductions could be made which The third category is in the Animal and would result in the more efficient and effec- Health Inspection Service-which is the as do now- a if the executive . tive conduct of foreign affairs. This reduc- one, frankly, that interests me the most- branch used good judgment, it would i tion should also have a favorable impact on in which only 51 Americans are assigned not harm one of the most important the government's fiscal condition and our overseas. The work of this agency is di- and essential parts of our foreign activi- balance of payments problem. vided into two parts: First, guarding ties, agricultural exports and other such The Committee views the ten percent re- against the import of pests, diseases, and activities carried out abroad by the De- duction required as a minimum figure and unfit food. Only 43 Americans are as- partment of Agriculture. expects that serious efforts will be made to The Senator from Oklahoma certainly reduce the overseas bureaucracy much fur- American this task. they. The Committee will follow the imple- signed These officers cerspr pr o to otect perform hese consum- is right in drawing attention to this. As mentation of this directive closely and ex- ers from import into the United States of I said, I am very sympathetic to his pro- pest to give careful study to the results dur- food products that do not meet U.S. posal. ing consideration for authorization legisla- standards for purity and wholesomeness. I might point out as background why tion for FY 1974. In addition, the Committee Approved For Release 2005/01/05 : CIA-RDP74B00415R000600110023-5 S 8068 vide a detailed justification in the FY 1974 presentation material of all U.S. personnel in each U.S. mission abroad to which 50 or more Americans are assigned. Mr. FULBRIGHT. I shall read just parts of it: According to the recent information avail- able to the Committee, there are some 26,000 U.S. personnel overseas under the jurisdic- tion of diplomatic mission chiefs. Of this total, State Department personnel engaged in regular Department related activities number 3,409 or about 13 percent. If to this total are added those carried on the Depart- ment's rolls as reimbursable personnel, those whose duties actually are in behalf of other agencies such as A.I.D., U.S. Information Agency, and others, the State Department total increases to 5,809-but even this amount represents only 22 percent of the total. By comparison there were: 5,047 AID personnel; 4,650 Defense Department personnel (ex- cluding members of the Armed Forces); These, of course, do not include any of the people in the Army or other Armed Forces-- 8,372 Peace Corps personnel; 1,069 USIA personnel; 1,527 other Executive Branch personnel in- cluding Justice, Agriculture, Commerce, HEW, NASA and EXIM Bank. In other words, for every State Department employee overseas there are four more em- ployees from other government agencies. This situation indicates that our overseas missions have developed into miniature for- eign policy establishments, drawn along the lines of Washington itself. Those Executive Branch agencies (other than State) which have a foreign-policy input in Washington- ranging from the Department of Defense to the Department of Agriculture-also have their representatives overseas, the only dif- ference being that the representation is on a smaller scale. We have had many reports from am- bassadors in the field that their respec- tive establishments are larger than nec- essary. Some of them said to me that they could do a better job if they did not have so many people cluttering up the embassy. They do not like to go on rec- ord as saying that. Being in the execu- tive branch, it is not healthy for them to say It directly, but they have not hesi- tated to say it to me and to other mem- bers of the committee. The purpose of this amendment was not to eliminate 10 percent of the Agri- culture's personnel abroad or 10 percent of the personnel of any specific agency. It is to be an overall cut. So I would not have antics ated if they uset_mm ta tg- ment ~rnrUM:s per- sonnel would be substantially effected. It may be that we have not studied every individual spot in Agriculture. But at any rate, in order to clarify the situation, and because this is a relatively small item compared to the ones I have mentioned, I -would be prepared ta-accept this.=eIIaitlells I said to the Sen- ator from Oklahoma, I would not accept an amendment intended to completely delete the whole 10-percent reduction, because I think It is entirely justified by the record that was made. But on Agri- culture I would, because I think it is fundamental, and those people have a di- rect responsibility quite different, in my Approved For Release 2005/01/05 : CIA-RDP74B00415R0006001100~3-5 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE May 17, 1972 ' ,.,ravuo hulnb like to have nontaxing assignments that recent gal in foreign sales of U.S. abroad. I mean this is not new, and I agriculture products assist in our bal- would not expect the military to be any ance of payments. During a time when different than the personnel in any other our balance of payments is in such a agency. precipitous state, I question the wisdom But I think Congress should try to of cutting out personnel who have been control the proliferation of this type of very active in an area contributing activit W k y. e now all the difficulties that have arisen out of the war; we seem to feel we have to keep up these over-large establishments in many countries. There are some countries that are important, that obviously ought to be staffed adequately, but there are a lot of them that we believe are overstaffed in accord- ance with legitimate needs. This provi- sion was just intended to say to the executive.. branch. "You use your best judgment in cutting down. But you must cut it down 10 percent." This could not be properly interpreted as a direction to cut down each agency by 10 percent. Mr. President, I am willing to accept this amendment, exempting the Department of Agriculture. Mr. TFIELD. Mr. President, I am opposed to e reduction of the overseas work force of the Department of Agri- culture as proposed in S. 3526, the De- partment of State-USIA authorization bill. There is no question that some cuts can be made in the number of U.S. offi- cials currently serving overseas, but I nn- poe zl_ki_rig such nt.c arrnsg th_r ward, -Without an exa.minatinn of the particular va ii of each depar m nt or agency. Fev ' areas could offer a clearer exam- ple of where cuts should not be made than exists with our foreign agriculture aides. I speak from personal experience, both as Governor and as a U.S. Senator. U.S. agriculture attaches have helped officials of the State of Oregon in open- ing doors and creating demand for Ore- gon agricultural products, particularly in the Far East. I do not want action taken that would hinder the further ac- tivities of these officials. During my 8 years as Governor of Ore- gon, I led two trade missions, one to the Far East and one to Germany, in an ef- fort to develop new markets for Oregon products, and to make contacts for other exchanges of products and material. Not only were the agriculture attaches very helpful at the time, but they were active in followup efforts to create new markets for agriculture products from of payments. Added to the, problems of increasing competition fro other agriculture-pro- ducing countrie have been the severe setbacks caused by the west coast dock strike. This forc~d Japan and other Pa- cific basin co tries to turn elsewhere for commodities they needed. I know from conversa ions with agriculture growers and shi pers in Oregon last fall that both Canda and Australia in- creased wheat sales to Japan during the strike. I need not point out that these countries are no a platter our she are going to hav cuttnig the staf going to hand back on -e of those markets. We to compete for it, and of the men who will help makes no snse to me at all. We must hav an aggressive market- ing program to recapture this business lost during the dock strike, and we must set goals for increasing our agriculture sales in the futu ?e. I recall a few weeks ago, when I was give in support q foods research al Ing out that c0sumption of wheat in the United States had shown a marked decline in recent years. This has been accompanied by on increase in per acre yield of wheat. Elfforts must be made to increase markets!!. for our wheat crops, as well as our other! agriculture crops. For- eign sales are an 1 important facet of any market increase, and to do this we need all the help we can get overseas. At a time when we can look at an all- time high for a iculture exports-$7.8 billion in the last fiscal year-we should look for ways to~dd to this, and not cut back in an ar where such positive gains can be sholtzl. Last week, I solicited a letter from the State department of agriculture in my State of Oregon. I,' know the talented men of this State agency have been com- mitted to improving agriculture sales overseas for Oregon products, and I was interested in what they thought of this planned cutback. ! T shall quote one ..,,.., ....,.,.s, r..._..- on .. g . letter from Mr. 4ay Glatt, administra- The farmers of my State shipped $25 for of the agri tural development di- Approved For Release 2005/01/05 : CIA-RDP74B00415R000600110023-5 view, and much more fundamental, than million worth !of wheat last year, and in a number of these cases I have just most of it went, to Japan, which has be- read. come U.S. agric ulture's best wheat cus- I would expect, for example, that we tomer. Wheat nsumption in Japan has could do without some of these military more than dou led in the last decade or aid lLnd military attaches, many Whom so. I think it is fair to say that this are in couptr fes where There is no military dramatic incre e by a traditionally rice- problem for our country. As I remember, eating nation t ward wheat consumption even in a country like Costa Rica, where was aided greatly by market develop- the country itself does not even have ment program spearheaded by USDA an army, where we have no real business personnel in J pan. The same can be having them, we still have some military said of soybean feed grains, citris, tal- aid personnel. low, and other S. farm products. Japan Of course, those assignments are pleas- is now a billio1-dollar-plus agriculture ant, with a minimum of duty, a maxi- customer of ours. Similar programs in mum f l i o e sure, and an opportunity to other countries of military manpower, and they like to petition has b preparing testimony to f the wheat and wheat May 17, 1972 Approved For Release 2005/01/05 : CIA-RDP74B00415R000600110023-5 I S 8069 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE Jett to. costly delays in export supply and deterioration of quality. This crop, for instance, represents a $65 million farm value in Oregon alone, of which 85% is traditionally sold into export. We bring this to your attention because of your concern in export markets both when you were Governor and now as Sen- ator. We appreciate your attention to this Sen- ate Bill as it is vitally important that over- seas agricultural personnel be maintained. Sincerely, - JAY GLATT, Administrator, Agricultural Development Division. vision. Jay Glatt is a man respected throughout the West as someone who has worked actively to promote foreign agriculture sales. As a result of this past dock strike it is now more important than ever that we main- tain a man-to-man and day-to-day contact with our major overseas customers. The Ag- ricultural Attaches and Foreign Agricultural Service provide that necessary liaison for overseas agricultural market development. Mr. President, I ask unanimous con- sent that Mr. Glatt's letter be reprinted at the conclusion of these remarks. This daily contact and followup plays a vital role in establishing and maintain- ing our foreign markets, and we must not cut back personnel in an area that makes these gains possible. Naturally, in remarks toda have be e_.needuta-riestnre e Agrip Mitre,_I]=artment._per onnel,p hint I would be re rit I.Were..tn-focus-ex? c uslvely on the Federal efforts.to-foster grea er orel n-agriculture-sales. To do so wou be to overlook the invaluable efforts of the private businesses, associ- ations, and cooperatives in the North- west that have been active-and even superactive-in promotion of foreign sales for Oregon and Washington agri- culture products. In wheat, in grass seed, in feed grain, and in numerous other areas, businessmen have established their own people-to-people contacts, and generated much business. While these commendable efforts in no way detract from the need to restore the Federal manpower, I do want to point out that private efforts, coupled with an active State program, offer a valuable three-pronged approach to in- creasing foreign agriculture sales in con- junction with Federal manpower. In conclusion, I urge Senators to sup- port the amendment offered by the dis- tinguished Senator from Oklahoma (Mr. BELLMON). The amendment would re- store the segment of our foreign U.S. Government personnel that has done much to help the U.S. farmer in many ways, and to assist in showing a hefty surplus to our balance of payments. There being no, objection, the letter was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, as follows: .0 R ENT OF AGRICULTURE, Salem, Oreg., May 12, 1972. Hon. MARK O. HATFIELD, U.S. Senator, Washington, D.C. DEAR SENATOR HATFIELD: It has been called to our attention that Senate Bill 3526 deal- ing with 10% reduction in overseas person- nel of the U.S. Government, except State Department, is out of committee. We seek your concern as to the effect this has on agriculture, particularly at a time when we are in the process of recovering from the effects of a nearly disastrous dock strike. As a result of this past dock strike it is now more important than ever that we main- tain a man-to-man and day-to-day contact with our major overseas customers. The Agri- cultural Attache and Foreign Agricultural Service provide that necessary liaison for overseas agricultural market development. Soon we will be into the harvest of a new crop with the potential, as in wheat, of be- ing of bumper proportions, which must be moved in an orderly manner or will be sub- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The ques- tion is on agreeing to the amendment. The amendment was agreed to. Mr. ROBERT C. BYRD. Mr. President, what is the pending question before the Senate? The PRESIDING OFFICER. The ques- tion recurs on agreeing to the amend- ment of the Senator from Michigan (Mr. GRIFFIN). Mr. ROBERT C. BYRD. I thank the Chair. QUORUM CALL Mr. ROBERT C. BYRD. Mr. President, I suggest the absence of a quorum. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The clerk will call the roll. The legislative clerk proceeded to call the roll. Mr. ROBERT C. BYRD. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that the order for the quorum call be rescinded. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without objection, it is so ordered. on amendments to S. 3526, the unfinished business, during the afternoon tomor- tow; and Senators understand that ta- bling motions are in order at any time and that a vote on a tabling motion with respect to any amendment can be had quickly, tabling motions being nonde- batable. Senators, I repeat, ought to be alerted to the possibility of rollcall votes tomorrow. ADJOURNMENT Mr. HUGHES. Mr. President, if there be no further business to come before the Senate, I move, in accordance with the previous order, that the Senate stand in adjournment until 12 noon tomorrow. The motion was agreed to; and at 5:05 p.m., the Senate adjourned until tomor- row, Thursday, May 18, 1972, at 12 noon. NOMINATIONS Executive nominations received by the Senate May 17, 1972: DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY George P. Shultz, of Illinois, to be Secre- tary of the Treasury. IN THE NAVY Rear Adm. Robert E. Adamson, Jr., U.S. Navy, having been designated for commands and other duties determined by the Presi- dent to be within the contemplation of title 10, United States Code, section 5231, for ap- pointment to the grade of vice admiral while so serving. Vice. Adm. Frederick H. Schneider, Jr., U.S. Navy, for appointment to the grade of vice admiral, when retired, pursuant to the provi- sions of title 10, United States Code, section 5233. Vice Adm. Nels C. Johnson, U.S. Navy, for appointment to the grade of vice admiral, when retired, pursuant to the provisions of title 10, United States Code, section 5233. Vice Adm. Evan P. Aurand, U.S. Navy, for appointment to the grade of vice admiral, when retired, pursuant to the provisions of title 10, United States Code, section 5233. DIPLOMATIC AND FOREIGN SERVICE Thomas Patrick Nelady, of New York, to be Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipoten- tiary of the United States of America to Uganda. Robert L. Yost, of California, a Foreign 'Service officer of class 1, to be Ambassador Extranordinary and Plenipotentiary of the United States of America to the Republic of Burundi. PROGRAM Mr. ROBERT C. BYRD. Mr. President, the program for tomorrow is as follows: The. Senate will convene at 12 o'clock noon. After the two leaders or their as- sistants have been recognized under the standing order the distinguished Senator from Tennessee (Mr. BROCK) will be rec- ognized for not to exceed 15 minutes, after which there will be a period for the transaction of routine morning busi- ness for not to exceed 30 minutes, with statements limited therein to 3 minutes. At the conclusion of the period for the transaction of routine morning business, the Senate will proceed to the considera- tion of the conference report on the sup- plemental appropriation bill, on which there is a time limitation of not to exceed 1 hour. The unfinished business, S. 3526, in the meantime will be temporarily laid aside. Upon the disposition. of the con- ference report on the supplemental ap- proriation bill the Senate will return to the consideration of the unfinished busi- ness, S. 3526. The PRESIDING OFFICER. That is the understanding of the Chair. Mr. ROBERT C. BYRD. I thank the Presiding Officer. I wish to state that there could be a rollcall vote on the adoption of the con- ference report tomorrow. I have no in- dication of such at the moment, but Sen- ators should be alerted to the possibility thereof. Moreover, there could be rollcall votes CONFIRMATIONS Executive nominations confirmed by the Senate May 17, 1972: U.S. ADVISORY COMMISSION ON INTERNA- TIONAL EDUCATIONAL AND CULTURAL AF- FAIRS The following-named persons to be mem- bers of the U.S. Advisory Commission on In- ternational Educational and Cultural Affairs for terms expiring May 11, 1975: David R. Derge, of Indiana. Jewel LaFontant, of Illinois. William C. Turner, of Arizona. IN THE DIPLOMATIC AND FOREIGN SERVICE Nominations beginning Richard J. Bloom- field, to be a Foreign Service officer of class 1, and ending John Stern Wolf, to be a For- eign Service officer of class 7, which nomina- tions were received by the Senate and ap- peared in the Congressional Record on April 4, 1972. Approved For Release 2005/01/05: CIA-RDP74BOO415R000600110023-5 Approved For Release 2005/01/05 : CIA-RDP74B00415R000600110023-5 Scott amendment No. 1203 sent to: 25 May 1972 Walters Colby Karamessines Houston Coffey Fisher Approved For Release 2005/01/05 : CIA-RDP74B00415R000600110023-5 May ~ ~, X 972 Approved F e6I DP k0 5R000600110023-5 1 S 8403 It is all further complicated by the fact 1N without being wholly influenced by their HANSEN), the senator from Oregon (Mr. , and the senator from Illinois HATFIELD), there is no doubt some busing pro- economic plights, and at the same time, ecessarily posal wil be adopted and that proposal colleges would be competing for these (Mr. PERCY) are n absent. is likely to'laise even more serious con- students, who would be bringing addi- The Senator from South Dakota (Mr. stitutional and practical problems. tional Federal funds for their particular MUNDT) is absent because of ,illness. . Nothing will 'be accomplished by de- institution. I believe this will expand the The Senator from Arizona' (Mr. GOLD- feating the report and a major education educational opportunities for needy stu- WATER) is detained on officials business. bill will be lost in-the process. I hope, dents and at the same time create pres- If present and voting, the Senator from therefore, that the conference report is sure on these institutions to continually Hawaii (Mr. Foxc), the Senator from gon adopted. If my vote Is needed, I will upgrade their facilities and their cur- Oreg Il(r. H TF E PERCa and wthe ould Senator support it. If not, I will vote "no" as a riculae. protest against the conference modifica- It is significant that the Carnegie vote "yea." tion of the. Senate busing amendment. Commission on Education has charac- On this vote >the Senator from Wyo- Mr. ROBERT C. BYRD. Mr. President, terized this bill as the most important ming (Mr. HANSEN) is paired with the I wish to express my strong support for piece of legislation to be brought before Senator from Massachusetts (Mr. the conference report on S. 659, the the Congress since the passage, of the BROOKE). If present and voting, the Sen- . Higher Education Act of 1972. I believe Morrill Land Grant Act of 1862. We ator from Wyoming would' vote "yea" this legislation represents one of the must have a modern education system and the Senator from Massachusetts greatest steps we have taken in the edu- to meet the demands of this society, and would` vote "nay." cational field and certainly it is legisla- an educational system that will provide The result was announced-yeas 63, tion which is sorely needed. assistance for those students who are nays 15, as follows: This conference report represents far meritorious, deserving, and capable of [No. 185 Leg.] more than individual amendments aimed pursuing a college-level work. I believe YEAS-63 at, improving our existing system. This this bill goes a long way toward meeting Aiken Dole Randolph measure, if enacted, will establish a new these needs. I commend the chairman Allen Dominick Roth ott e type of Federal assistance to educational of the Education Subcommittee and the Balker Eagleton SS axb esker institutions, in that it will provide the other members of the Labor Committee Bayh Ervin Scc ott necessary assistance, without allowing for their diligence and perseverance, in Beall Fannin Smith the Government to interfere with the being able to report and carry through Bennett Fulbright Sparkman g institutions' independence of action. the legislative process, to this stage, this Bentsen Gurney s on fford ible The key provision of this bill is a new important legislation. Boggs Hollings Stennis program of grants for needy college stu- Mr. JAVITS. Mr. President, I ask for Brock Hruska Stevens dents, These grants will provide a maxi- the yeas and nays on the conference re- Burdick Lac gson Symnt Stevenson mum $1,400 annual subsidy to every port. Byrd, needy college student, minus the amount The yeas and nays were ordered. Harry F., Jr. Magnuson Taft Byrd, Robert C. McIntyre Talmadge his family can reasonably be expected to The PRESIDING OFFICER. The hour cannon Metcalf Thurmond contribute toward his education. This of 3:30 having arrived, the Senate, un- Chiles Miller Tower Government contribution to his educa- der the previous Order, will proceed to CCIO' ooper Pastorea Tunney tion would be reduced gradually, accord- vote on the conference report on S. 659, cotton Pearson Young ing to his family income level, until it and the clerk will call the roll. Cranston Pell would disappear at the $13,000 income The legislative clerk called the roll. Curtis Proxmire level. This bill would continue funding , Mr. MANSFIELD (after having voted NAYS-15 the present student grants, low-interest in the negative). Mr. President, on this Buckley Hughes Muskie direct loans, and work-study pay pro- vote I have a pair with the distinguished case Inouye Nelson senior Senator from Mississippi (Mr. G Javits Packwood pOSa1S. Grravel l avel Kennedy Ribicoff One of the most innovative features in EASTLAND). If he were present and vot- Hart Mondale Weicker this bill is a new type of college operating ing, he would vote "yea." If I were at PRESENT AND GIVING A LIVE PAIR, AS subsidy, also called a "cost of education" liberty to vote, I would vote "nay." PREVIOUSLY RECORDED-1 grant. These funds are distributed to Therefore, I withdraw my vote. Mansfield, against. educational institutions based on the Mr. ROBERT C. BYRD. I announce NOT VOTING-21 number of federally assisted students en- that the Senator from New Mexico (Mr. Anderson Hansen Mathias rolled, and additional funds would also ANDERSON), the Senator from Idaho (Mr. Bellmon Harris Maclellan be allocated to institutions based on the CHURCH), the Senator from Mississippi Brooke Hartke McGee number of their graduate student enroll- (Mr. EASTLAND), the Senator from Okla- Church Hatfield McGovern ment. homa (Mr. HARRIS), the Senator from Eastland Humphrey Moss This bill also authorizes: A National Indiana (Mr. HARTKE) , the Senator from Fong Jordan, N.C. Mundt Goldwater Jordan, Idaho Percy Institute of Education, which will finance Minnesota (Mr. HUMPHREY), the Sen- So the conferencn report was agreed to. educational research at all levels of ator from North Carolina (Mr. JORDAN) , schooling. the Senator from Arkansas (Mr. Mc- Mr. PELL, Mr. President, I move to .Immediate aid to those educational CLELLAN), the Senator from Wyoming reconsider the vote by which the con- institutions which are in the worst finan- (Mr. McGEE), and the Senator from ference report was agreed to. cial shape by authorizing $40 million to South Dakota (Mr. MCGOVERN) are nee- Mr. SCOTT. I move to lay that mo- be spent over the next 2 years. essarily absent. tion on the table. Funds to finance reforms in educa- I further announce that the Senator The motion to lay on the table was tion. from Utah (Mr. Moss) is absent on offi- agreed to. The establishment of a student loan cial business. Mr. PELL. Mr. President'; at this time marketing association, designed to ex- I further announce that, if present and I would like to pay particular tribute pand Government-backed private loans voting, the Senator from North Carolina and to express my personal thanks to to students by buying up loan paper (Mr. JORDAN), the Senator from South my colleagues who were of such great from banks an5l' other lending institu- Dakota (Mr. MCGOVERN), and the Sena- assistance during both the development tions. tor from Minnesota (Mr. HUMPHREY) of S. 659 and in the conference recently I believe tl's is one of the most com- would each vote "yea." concluded. prehensive approaches to educational Mr. GRIFFIN. I announce that the Initially, I would like to thank the ju- assistance which has been considered by Senator from Oklahoma (Mr. BELLMON), nior Senator from Colorado (Mr. Dom- the Congress in the last decade, in that the Senator from Idaho (Mr. JORDAN), INICK) for the excellent and conscienti- students may now have a choice of and the Senator from Maryland (Mr. ous way he fulfilled his responsibility as which schools they wish to attend, re- MATHIAS) are absent on official business. ranking minority member of the sub- gardless of their economic condition. The Senator from Massachusetts (Mr. committee. Moreover, without his help This legislation will make it possible for BROOKE), the Senator from Hawaii (Mr. there could not have been a conference them to select a school of their choice FONC), the Senator from Wyoming (Mr. report. Approved For Release 2005/01/05 : CIA-RDP74B00415R000600110023-5 Approved For R!&%W IONAL: CIAECSE - 74B0041TTE 060011003-5M y 24, 197N I should like to pay particular thanks to Senator RANDOLPH for his valued as- sistance. The new division of adult and vocational education can be directly at- tributed to his efforts. Indeed the as- sistance found in this bill for small col- leges Is due to JENNINGS RANDOLPH'S strong advocacy of their cause. During the conference Senators STAF- FORD, ScxwEIxER, and BEALL were of great help as were Senators WILLIAMS and CRANSTON. In closing, Mr. President, I would like to pay a special tribute to those con- ferees who fully supported the educa- tion provisions of S. 659 but who had to oppose the bill because of moral con- sideration. Senators JAvrrs and Mox- DALE were indeed architects of the bill. Senator JAVITS time and again used his great skill and knowledge to help create solutions and resolve problems. Senator MONDALE made an immense contribu- tion by the role he played in developing the remarkably imaginative emergency school aid program portion of the bill. Senators KENNEDY and MONDALE to- gether developed the Indian education portions of the bill, which is a very real tribute to the work done by our former colleague, the late Senator Robert F. Kennedy. Finally, these remarks would not be complete if I did not pay tribute to the fine, thoughtful, and creative work done by Steven J. Wexler, the Education Sub- committee's counsel, and Richard Smith, the subcommittee's associate counsel. Roy Millenson, the minority staff di- rector, likewise contributed to the development of this remarkable bill. And it fell to Blair Crownover of the Legislative Council's office to put to- gether and make coherent sense out the previous o~ r ffer,-hie Chair now lays before the Senate the unfinished busi- ness, which the clerk will report. The legislative clerk read as follows: A bill (S. 8526) to provide authorizations for certain agencies conducting the foreign relations of the United States, and for other purposes. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Pursuant to the previous order, the Senate will proceed to the consideration of-amend- The assistant legislative clerk read as follows: On page 30, line 19, strike all through "(b)" on line 6, page 31, and insert: "STATE DEPARTMENT CEILING "SEC. 604.". The PRESIDING OFFICER. Under the unanimous-consent agreement, there is a limita mi of one hour on the amend- ment, the?time to be equally divided be- tween and controlled by the Senator from Pennsylvania (Mr. SCOTT) and the Senator from Arkansas (Mr. FULBRIGHT). Who yields time? Mr. SCOTT. I yield myself 10 minutes. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- ator is recognized for 10 minutes. Mr. ROBERT C. BYRD. Mr, Presi- dent, will the distinguished Senator from Pennsylvania yield for a question? Mr. SCOTT. I yiel4 Mr. ROBERT C. BYRD. Is it the in- tention of the distinguished minority leader to have a roilcall vote on the pend- ing amendment? Mr. SCOTT. Yes, it is; and I now ask for the yeas and nays. The yeas and nays were ordered. Mr. ROBERT C. BYRD. Mr. Presi- dent, will the distinguished minority leader yield again? Mr. SCOTT..I yield. Mr. ROBERT C. BYRD. Mr. Presi- dent, I ask unanimous consent that it be in order to order at this time the yeas and nays on the following amendments, with one show of hands, with the under- standing that no Senator's right to mod- ify his own amendment is prejudiced by virtue of the action taken on the amend- ment by ordering the yeas and nays. These are amendments on which we al- ready have agreed to time limitations. The amendments are as follows: amend- ment No. 1201 by Mr. BAKER, amend- ment No. 1176, by Mr. DOMINlCx, amend- ment No. 1174. by Mr. BROOKE, amend- ment No, 1196 by Mr. HARRY F. BYRD, and the amendment by Mr. PERCY, the number of which I do not have. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there objection? The Chair hears none, and it is so ordered. Mr. ROBERT C. BYRD. Mr. Presi- dent, I ask for the yeas and nays on each of the amendments. The yeas and nays were ordered. Mr. SCOTT. This does not include the so-called Church-Case amendment? rather shortly, if not too much is said by other speakers. Section 504, subsection (a), requires a 10 percent reduction in the number of Federal civilian employees in foreign countries. Specifically excluded from this cutback are State Department employees, Peace Corps volunteers and leaders, and other Federal employees who are as- signed to the Department of State on a reimbursable basis. In addition, the Sen- ate acted last week to extend this ex- emption to employees of the Department of Agriculture. Section 504 also requires a 10 percent cutback in members of the Armed Forces detailed as military at- taches or to military assistance advisory groups or military aid missions. The cut- back will apply against overseas strength as of July 1, 1972, and must be realized by the end of the fiscal year on June 30, 1973. The total number of personnel under the jurisdiction of diplomatic mission chiefs amount to 26,000. After excluding employees to which the cutback does not apply, some 11,800 personnel are subject to the cut. A cutback against a base of 11,800 personnel means that al- most 1,200 positions must be cut before June 30, 1973. I am not ag t cutbacks for pro- g h 3muclu ov rseas Federal employ- ment have alread y been effected-about 20 percent since 1967. Perhaps there is more fat to cut. oint is simply that some of the ''3s ' across- nt 111fl- Was t jpri5: t And n t 'Elite - j l iderthevalueth e Uff utea Aa R -e r ams and 'SGit]i1E ao4 me of e ra S. secure r a ec ivelyy oper- laze 11 a e e very aine reason n 1f1ie - o he me a tLe e- a ons ommi w o Atai e r#m onna~ f, 1 tr the er ' 1 . A t ace an over j, ing r e n e po' I pe h Iiope 1~~Ti~!!1 . nave made it clear why I cannot supp ort section 504 as writ- ten and why I ha ve proposed an amend- ment which woul d strike section 504(a). Summarizing, t hen, the Committee on Armed Services, r example, has a very great interest in these military missions and in the milita ry personnel involved. The Committee on Appropriations, of course, has an in terest in this matter. Yet, the Depar ent of Agriculture has received an exem ption; the Committee on Foreign Relat ions has added an ex- emption to a num ber of personnel under its jurisdiction, b lit has not yet applied the same exempti n elsewhere. o that we ar e proceeding AW~Qut e me. .Ve, re p roceeding without re- -the asffiu In h an oppor- uni y act or consider s r. my amendment will be adopted. Ta le effect of the amend- ment will be to pr event the loss of 1,200 employees, many, of whom are in vital positions and in' positions of extreme importance to the security of the United States Mr. President, I reserve the remainder of my time. The PRESIDI NG OFFICER. Who yields time? Mr. FULBRIG HT. Mr. President, I yield myself 5 min kites. The other day in dealing with the amendment by th4 distinguished Senator from Oklahoma (Mr. BELLMON), I covered much of t he basic material and information on th is subject. I hesitate to take the time of t he Senators to repeat it, but I will just C over the highlights. This is a probl em, of long standing, going back particu larly to the height of the cold war a feW years ago. According to the most recent information available to the committee, there are some 26,000 personnel oversea s under the jurisdic- tion of diplomatic mission chiefs. Of this total, State Depa rtment personnel en- gaged in regula r department-related activities number ` P,409, or about 13 per- cent I If to this total a re added those carried on the Departmen t rolls as reimbursable personnel, those w ith duties on behalf of other agencies-t hat is, the USIA and Approved For Release 2005/01/05 : CIA-RDP74B00415R000600110023-5 Approved poE 248 OAI O E P7 May 24, 1972 ~JR000600110023-5 S 8405 others-the Stateepartm'ent total in- bring back our personnel. This is a very blame the MAAG people or the military. creases to 5,80rl t even witli these ad- ditional amounts,- this total represents only 22 percent of the overall total. What we are talking about here is pri- marily to bring about a modest reduction in the number of other personnel such as of AID, which has 5,047, and of the De- fense Department which has 4,650, ex- cluding members of the Armed Forces of course. Then there are others-USIA, and other agencies- Mr. PASTORE. Mr. Senator, will the Senator from Arkansas yield? Mr. FULBRIGHT. I yield. Mr. PASTORE. Does this cut apply to nationals employed by agencies in those foreign countries? Mr. FULBRIGHT. It does not. Mr. PASTORE. Does not the Senator think it should? Mr. FULBRIGHT. I cannot get even this much through-at least I do not know whether I can get this through- but the Senator can see that opposition to any cut anywhere is quite evident. These MAAG missions have nice posi- tions-very suitable for those wanting an assignment having few duties. For in- stance, in Costa Rica there is a MAAG mission, even though Costa Rica does not even have an army. But it is a nice cli- mate there for the officers to enjoy. We can find that all over the world. That is all in the world it is. There is no excuse at any time to have them there. Mr. PASTORE. I agree with the Sen- ator and would like to support his posi- tion, and I shall; but what disturbs me in some of these countries is that an American cannot be hired because we have to hire a national instead. The Point I make is that in the military installa- tions where the wives of Americans really want employment and need it, they can- not be hired because we have agreements with foreign countries that they have to be nationals who are hired. I am only hoping, and ask whether this cut would apply to nationals being hired. Mr. FULBRIGHT. This does not cover army installations. Mr. PASTORE. I just gave that as an example. Mr. FULBRIGHT. That is an example. I have been told that we have an agree- ment with the Germans to hire only na- tionals. I do not think that applies to it. However, I am not really informed on that point. I do not think it is, though. But the story I have heard is exactly as the Senator has stated. I think, in Ger- many, they do have an agreement with the German Government not to allow wives of American soldiers to be em- ployed. But I do not believe that that is the case with the Embassy itself. Mr. PASTORE. The embassies do hire nationals? Mr. FULBRIGHT. They do, but not really to the extent that the military does. Mr. PASTORE. I would hope the Sen- ator, at some other point, would give some thought to that. Mr. FULBRIGHT. The Senator sees how difficult it is for the committee to recommend any kind of cut at any level. The main situation here is that we have tried to reduce employment and our presence abroad. We should try to modest cut in numbers. As I have al- These are nice posts. The social cond- ready told the Senator, the State Depart- tions are ideal. They have: a minimum ment itself has only 13 percent of the of duties to perform. There are good, overall total. The others are in agencies golf courses there and tennis courts. such as Agriculture, Commerce, HEW, Especially in Latin Ameriqa, it is very NASA, Export-Import Bank, USIA, and pleasant. It is exactly like the fight we so forth. had about the Spanish bases. They Mr. President, I do not want to labor would not give up the bases for any- the point. I put these figures in the thing. They have absolutely no use, RECORD the other day. This is a very probably because they are obsolete, but modest effort to try to save a little they want to keep the bases. I do not money and, to be frank about it, to blame the military who want to keep reduce the numbers. We believe it in no them. But the facts are that here, 95 way will involve the services. percent of the military aid goes to 10 I have had ambassadors tell me that countries, and only 5 percent to 36. Yet they would be better off if they did not we have substantial personnel still have so many people. I especially re- abroad. member our former Ambassador to Rome Mr. SCOTT. Mr. President, before saying that to me. I am reluctant to yielding time to the Senator from Mis- quote him, but I do not think he will sissippi, I should like to point out again mind. Ambassador Reinhardt said to me, that what the Senator is really saying "We have so many people here I would is that he does not think much of the feel better if we had a reduction." programs. I believe that the Armed Serv- There may have been some excuse for ices Committee should have something these large missions back in the 1950's, to say about that. I also believe that but surely, if the President-and I hope other Senators should have something he is as successful as he seems to be-is to say about it, rather than to have the making progress for reducing tensions in Foreign Relations Committee simply ar- the cold war and trying to establish bitrarily say, "We do not like the pro- better relations-this reduction is con- grams. We do not think they amount to sistent with that. much," without providing any proof or Mr. President, I do not believe I need any evidence. They say, "we just do not to say much more about it. The issue is like the whole thing." ,clear. It is a simple effort to try to save He implies they are soft, cushy jobs. a little money by reducing nondiplomatic Many of these jobs involve people in members of diplomatic missions in these frontline activity. Many are undertaken countries. It does not affect the military in extremely unpleasant conditions. They soldiers, and so forth, but only the MAAG are not soft, cushy jobs at all. They are missions in many countries, which have jobs which are representative of the ad- no duties of any consequence. herence to duty and to country and to Mr. SCOTT. Mr. President, I yield my- devotion to our obligations, which do not self one additional minute simply to deserve the epithets applied to them. . point out that if the argument of the dis- Now I yield 8 minutes to the distin- tinguished chairman of the committee guished Senator from Mississippi (Mr. were to apply here, it indicates there is STENNIS). no need to have these MAAG missions Mr. President, I yield 1 minute to the and no advisory groups in a lot of places distinguished Senator from Vermont all over the world. He cites one, Costa (Mr. AIKEN). Rica. I suppose that is intended as a sort The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- of reductio ad absurdum which indicates ator from Vermont is recognized for 1 that every country is about the size of minute. Costa Rica, which is far from the fact. Mr. AIKEN. Mr. President, I presume The Senator's argument would better that the amendment offered by the chair- apply if he were to try to do what i sus- man of the Foreign Relations Committee pect he would like to do, and that is to could be complied with without causing abolish all these programs. It seems. to serious damage to any of our Govern- me that he is trying to abolish them ment agencies. However, I do not know. Piecemeal-to, take a little bit of the In this instance we are called on to vote meat-ax here and another there. Ten for many things that we simply do not percent is an arbitrary figure. I do not know about. And I do not believe that we know in whose mind it was fostered, but can vote intelligently on new provisions it is not the figure based on any special' in this legislation. research. It is one of the figures we take I would call attention to title VI of this out of the air. It has no special basis bill which establishes a study commis- except that the Senator does not happen sion relating to foreign policy. If we make to agree with the programs. these decisions for ourselves, assuming Now, Mr. President, I yield 8? minutes that such commission is authorized and to the distinguished Senator from is a replica of the earlier hoover com- Mississippi- mission, we make the decisions in ad- Mr. FULBRIGHT. Mr. President, will ? vance. And I do not see why we would the Senator from Pennsylvania yield? need the commission. However, if we Mr. SCOTT. I yield. need the commission, I think we should Mr. FULBRIGHT. I might point out, wait until we get the report and the rec- inasmuch as the Senator makes a point ommendation of that commission before about military aid, that 95 percent of taking steps to do things which perhaps our military assistance goes to 10 coon- we are not qualified to do without the tries. We have MAAG missions in 46 report and the recommendations of that countries, At least 36 countries are very commission. marginal; yet we have a substantial I do not say that the proposal of the number of MAAG missions. I do not Senator from Arkansas (Mr. FULBRIGHT), Approved For Release 2005/01/05 : CIA-RDP74B00415R000600110023-5 S 8406 Approved For ~OR;Usa J& 74?MJW00600110023 J1a could not be complied with. I presume that it could. However, I do not know. And for that reason I would rather wait until we get more accurate Information on just what the effect would be before reporting that part of the bill. Mr. SCOTT. Mr. President, I suggest the absence of a quorum at this time and ask unanimous consent that the time be deducted equally from both sides. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there objection to the request of the Senator from Pennsylvania? The Chair hears none, and it is so ordered. The clerk will call the roll. - The second assistant legislative clerk proceeded to call the roll. Mr. SCOTT. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that the order for the quorum call be rescinded. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without objection, it Is so ordered. Mr. SCOTT. Mr. President, I yield 8 minutes to the distinguished chairman of the Armed Services Committee, the Sen- ator from Mississippi (Mr. STENNIS). The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- JLQ1jL Mississippi is recognized for ator n ^~ Mr. President, just to the bill would strike 10 percent of all Americans who are employed in foreign countries, we will say, by the Armed Services or the Department of Defense or amen en was omg o__bc e o-.. erw woU1ifiave uiiis a "e Mr. e i e t number at all that are involved. That is special, anyway. Mr. FULBRIGHT. I would say that in general those that are connected with an Embassy and not on its payroll are a very small-mumber, I would think. Mr. STENNIS. Mr. President, I say this on my responsibility I do not believe i= as a whole-and I mentioned this to some of the staff members the other day-I think we will have to ask Congress to give us jurisdiction to set the salaries and the total number of employees here at home as well as abroad. We make a yearly judgment of some kinds as to the number they can employ. Bdt that shows my attitude and willingness to work on it. That would take some time. However, to just come here now in this way is a serious matter. Why not make it 10 per- cent now or next year some time; or that this must be done regardless of conse- quences. I have no doubt that we would have to come back if this proposal should become law, and take care of many situ- ations at the very best. In keeping with all of our rules of the Senate and our customs, what kind of system is it to .come in here on an ex- traneous matter and just reduce by 10- percent employees of this type all over the world? It is not within reason, prac- tice, custom, or within the rules of the Senate. This is a jumped-up affair with 30 minutes to a side, to argue a matter on hich no hearings have been held. There is no record to refer to: there are no es- timates from anyone. There is no staff work that has gone into the heart of this matter. These matters are very difficult to get into. Tomorrow morning first thing on the agenda is an effort to get something be- fore our committee to further reduce the ceiling on our men in the military serv- ice. I especially have been working on that myself for the second year. We made those reductions last year, not due just to the Vietnamese drawdown. We made some; they complied, and we are making some more. I will recommend that, first thing in the morning. But just to come in here now and say "10 percent period" on these civilians overseas is unfair and contrary to the way in which we have always considered matters here. 2r. Presi : ~?' . ? f?? ? i~~d r cs W177 reference to the CIA. 1 i no sa in to same reduction cca t examina ons ave not a in- make ion a recommendation. The way TIME ma ers are handled now, we have not made recommendations in i4 h er m a wi us as much reason one could say 15 percent or 5 percent., as far as the basis for the considera- tion. I would like to ask the Senator from ArKRTrsaT- - a!r ap lea w Me CIA, or all e rest of , 1972 10 th' iercent? What as the logic ohm ---Mr. FULBRIGIT. The Senator is quite wrong in saying it is 10 percent for each of them. It as an overall cut. For the Senator's information, I have al- ready stated the Major agency involved is AID with 5,1047,L are people ad- ministering the Aff program, which I know the Senator; is now very fond of; he did not used td be such an avid sup- porter of foreign aid, but he is now. That is the No. 1 agency Mr. STENNIS. I the Senator will par- don me, the Senator is using my time. I would like to finish my statement:. Mr. FULBRIGHT. I will yield to the Senator on my time if he will permit me to comment on whit he said about hear- ings. Mr. STENNIS. On the Senators time. Mr. FULBRIGHT. Yes: on my time. The PRESIDIN + OFFICER. The Sen- ator from Arkansas is recognized. Mr. FULBRIGHT. We had extensive hearings on the tluestion of personnel in our foreign establishment. I beg to differ with the Senator that this is not under the Department of State or the Committee on Foreign Relations. The Senator's committee does not have ju- risdiction over aid.-military aid--except in Vietnam and Laos. The major part of it is not under th Senator's committee. It is the responsibility of the Committee on Foreign Relations to deal with aid, both military and economic. The No. 1 agency, of course, that would be affected by this is the foreign aid program. Mr. STENNIS. It the Senator will yield, I was not making a point about the for- eign aid program. Mr. FULBRIGHT. The Senator said there was no jurisdiction here. We are not affecting militar_y_,peopl in thp D1 tatoe an not a par men o _ De- there are minimuiri military porgrams; 95 percent of all military aid goes to 10 countries, yet you have these MAAG's in 46 countries. Look% at a country like Iran with 247 military ]attaches, because it is a very nice place to be. We have no mili- tary activities there ourselves. It is a relatively peaceful, and quiet place. There is no excuse for that kind of overstaffing. Mr. STENNIS. Did the Senator make an estimate of how many would be re- duced in Iran? Mr. FULBRIGHT. It is not by cate- gory. It was a very] modest 10-percent re- duction and the administration does not have to take any out of Iran if it does not want to. It c4i take that entire cut out of AID if the! administration, wants to. Mr. STENNIS. Hoes the Senator have any hearings, any record, or estimate as to how many should be reduced in Paris, London, Frankfurt, or any other place? Are there any facts the Senator can stand on except this gengralization? Mr. FULBRIGHT. We do not here say that there has tobe a reduction of 224 from Iran. We fell the President should Approved For Release 2005/01/05 : CIA-RDP74B00415R000600110023-5 May ? 24, 1972 Approved Fc ? 1J0Wt@&WPJ~PR000600110023-5 S 8407 have some discretion. A great many of these places are overstaffed with Ameri- cans at great expense to the American taxpayer and they are rendering no es- sential services. The AID program is the largest one and second are the military attaches at embassies around the world where there is nothing critical going on. Take places like the Philippines, Tai- wan, and in Paraguay. I imagine 10 mili- tary people there. It is a nice country that has not been to war in I do not know how mady decades. It is isolated in South America. I do not know what you have so many military people there for. I would say 10 percent would be minimal there, It probably should be much high- er, but this discretion is left in the hands of the administration. If I were to put it the other way the Senator would say that I am tying the hands of the admin- istration. We say it is an overall cut and it does not have to come from any one country or agency. Mr. SCOTT. Mr. President, will the Senator yield with respect to Paraguay for a brief observation? Paraguay had one of the worst wars in the history of the century, and it may be the reason they have not had one for several decades is the presence of Amer- ican advisers. Mr. FULBRIGHT. Is it the Senator's view, that we should pay for keeping peace in Paraguay; that we are keeping this mission up to maintain peace in Paraguay?. That never has, been put up before. I thought it was supposed to be in the interest of the United States. Mr. SCOTT. I do not mind the Senator oversimplifying himself, but I would not Want him to oversimplify my position. Mr. STENNIS. Mr. President, will the Senator yield? Mr. SCOTT. Mr. President, I yield my remaining - time to the Senator from Mississippi. Mr. STENNIS. I thank the Senator. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- ator from Mississippi is recognized. Mr. STENNIS.MyPLeSid nt. T s ubmiit again to themembers , i`p-and may I No hearings went into AE-is-m-affer. No estimate was m e as to y now many it should be reduced. Therefore, I say the 10 percent is an arbitrary figure.' h m n Mole employed e CI - Sus needs to be reduced, if it does, manage- ment being human like anyone else, it needs to be done after the facts are I do not believe the Senate really wants to act without some of the: facts before they really accept the story that is in- volved in this amendment. I have al- ready said I am willing to do anything I can, on a scale much broader than this, that will bring about an annual accounting and responsibility for civilian employees employed by the military, whether they are abroad or here at home, and I would be willing to have the right are not min just as somewhat i g y. Ts uC er awhat I call arbitra - i n gency, not based upon fact, but based There is no even an estimate here that 10 perce t could hP en?. frnm io r. o submit this matter on the facts to those who are here, and on the un- proven facts of those whoare sponsor- known, not before they are known. o ing this reduction.; hope the Senate will i ? -- y the CIA sshouict be taKen o o not r. FULBRIGHT. Mr.. President, I believe anyone can say i t . it just shows' yield myself 2 minutes. what we are going into. With regard to the evidence, of course On these MAAG programs, if there is Senators have not had time, nor really one employee there who is not needed, any reason, to read the hearings, but the that is one too many in my book, and I do not want that employee paid. I am not trying to protect any of them, but I warn you now that this is a very serious matter. I know that to carry out this prolision would seriously impair some of the most delicate and important work going on in the Department I am talking about, and I know of other matters it would impair within the military. That is about all I can say under the law. hearings are 834 pages long. Much of it is taken up with this matter. There are pages giving country-by-country em- ployment, with numbers, and so forth. I ask unanimous consent, that pages 8 and 9 of the report be reproduced in the RECORD for the information of the Sen- ate. There being no objection, the tabula- tion was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, as follows: NUMBER OF CIVILIAN AGENCY I PERSONNEL OVERSEAS UNDER JURISDICTION OF DIPLOMATIC MISSION CHIEFS, DEC. 31, 1971 (ACTUAL EMPLOYMENT) State AID Total, all agencies Total Direct Reimbursable Direct hire including PASA Contract United United United United United United States Foreign States Foreign States Foreign States Foreign States Foreign States Foreign Africa -------------------------- 5, 141 3,523 867 1,495 490 675 377 820 545 656 391 168 Near East, South Asia----------- 2, 747 5,707 934 2,226 431 707 503 1,519 398 1,296 173 448 East Asia, Pacific________________ 6,007 10,963 1,181 2,099 604 853 577 1,216 2,086 3,486 412 2 476 Latin American Republics -------- 5,16$ 75 Europe 2 5,097 4 906 1,136 1 691 1,808 670 879 2 864 1 214 1 722 466 929 477 1 142 692 2 1,.193 338 , 632 , ..----- ------------- --- , , , , , , 1 1 ---------------- - 6,632 1,314 3,74 Peace Corps Agriculture USIA Staffs Contract Contract States Foreign States Foreign teers states Foreign States Foreign United States Foreign Africa -------------------------------------- 152 613 100 86 2, 2,946 21 137 13 7 2 ----- --- - Near East, South Asia________________________ 199 1,433 72 41 913 8 192 15 31 1 15 East Asia, Pacific____________________________ 277 1,582 50 65 1, 747 25 127 26 27 ---- - - 49 Latin American Republics____________________ 220 672 89 117 2, 373 22 89 59 211 - --- -- 5 5 Europe ------------------------------------- 221 909 ------------------------ 6 ----- ----- --------- 72 76 15 48 Total ----------------------------- 1,069 5,209 311 309 352 23 117 United United United United States Foreign States Foreign States Foreign States Foreign Africa --------------------------------------------- 5 6 ------------ I ---- ------- 2 ------------ 85 351 Near East, South Asia________________________ - 9 3 10 25 2 East Asia, Pacific________________ 6 22 1 --------- 2 1 46 11 ----------- 1 ________:___ 1 659 Latin American Republics ------ _.- 19 16 2 1 _________________________ 29 60 3 36 1 8 52 135 18 13. 1 3 1 529 Total --------- .----------- 76 291 33 19 1 488 1,856 Approved For Release 2005/01/05 : CIA-RDP74B00415R000600110023-5 S 8408 Approved For RVv1V~iRE551U1Yi IF300600110023-5May 24, 197- NUMBER of CIVILIAN AGENCY 1 PERSONNEL OVERSEAS UNDER JURISDICTION OF DIPLOMATIC MISSION CHIEFS, DEC. 31, 1971 (ACTUAL EMPLOYMENT)-Continued CG United United military States Foreign States Foreign 1,128 $22,446 84 1, 444 2 1, 720 37 990 469 8, 453 284 3,632 263 5,508 Africa------------------------------------------------ 2---------------------------------- 2 Near East, South Asia------------------------------------ 3 1 3 1 _ --- EastAsia, Pacific--------------------------- 25 40 7 31 26 II Latin American RRepublics.____ _ -- --'---- ____- 10 10 21 ------------ 2 Europe___________ __________ __________ _ 3 71 10 93 10 47 Total -------------------------------- 28 126 28 148 37 62 Mr. FULBRIGHT. There are two pages giving the number of civilian agency personnel overseas under jurisdiction of diplomatic mission chiefs as of Decem- ber 31, 1971, and the actual employment agency-by-agency. The Senator says there is no evidence; that there is nothing on it at all. This is about as complete as one can get. I also ask unanimous consent to have printed in the REcoRU a table of those employees in embassies who are reim- bursable by agencies, which are not af- fected by the provisions of this bill. I ask that it be inserted in the RECORD simply to show the detail with which this matter has been studied. There being no objection, the tabu- lation was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, as follows: DEPARTMENT OF STATE REIMBURSEMENTS TO THE SALARIES AND EXPENSES APPROPRIATION The salaries and Expenses Appropriation is reimbursed each year for a variety of serv- ices provided to other U.S. Government de- partments and agencies overseas and In Washington- The principal service is the pro- vision of administrative support for U.S. GSA/HUD Int./Labor NSF/Smith. TVANA United United States Foreign States Foreign 10 45 - -------14 -------------` 4 25 277 2 292 -- ------ 4 349 21 4 30 277 Government programs at Foreign Service posts. Departmen al staffs and facilities are available to meet (such common administra- tive requirements' as personnel services, ac- counting and fl al services, motor pool. maintenance of office and residential space, pouch and communications facilities, and se- curity services. Costs of these services are shared by all participating agencies in ac- cordance with the degree of participation at each foreign service post. The procedures and methods for determining total costs and the amount to be reimbursed by each agency were developed jointly with the major par- ticipating agencies and is accepted by all agencies as the basis for reimbursement. Agency for International Development---------- 678 Agriculture ---------------------------------- 29 Arms Control and Disarmament Agency --------- 58 Commerce___________________________________ 23 Defense Intelligence Agency ------------------- 29 Military assistance advisory groups_____________ 71 Other military departments__________________ 68 Other State appropriations: the prn teinn in the hilt L, imhiirsshlo_ bass wed will not be a ected. bo Tnis provision does not cut out everybody. As I have said, there is flexi- bility left in the administration to apply the cut where they think it will be most appropriate. I think that is the best way it could be approached by the committee. The simple question is whether or not we wish to maintain this overblown es- tablishment which has grown up in a period of. warfare and crisis and time when we were not so stringently involved in deficits both domestic and interna- tional. So it is a very simple proposition. I submit it is in the interest of the coun- try to attempt this modest reduction more in accordance with our capacity and more in accordance with the needs of the foreign countries in which we have these establishments. Mr. SCOTT and Mr. STENNIS ad- dressed the Chair. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- ator from Pennsylvania has 3 minutes. Mr. SCOTT. Mr. President, I yield my remaining 3 minutes to the Senator from Mississippi. Other State appropriations-Continued Acquisition and construction of foreign buildings -----.-. Mutual Education and Cultural Exchange Act_ Peace Corps__________________ Section 637b, Foreign Assistance Act___________ U.S. Information Agency____________________ Miscellaneous agencies-..----------------- __ Total------ ------- ---------------- United States Foreign Mr. STENNIS. I thank the Chair. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- ator from Mississippi. Mr. STENNIS. Mr. President, this re- duction expressly exempts the Depart- ment of State, and then there is a pro- viso in another section that relates to and mentions the Department of State, but my information is that it does not make much difference to the Department of State, according to the way this pro- vision is written. We just do not know. It is another illustration of just how un- certain this provision is. iin hark to .hp CTA fnr a m;,,,,f. T numbers. it is a ena ors to listen to this. Tl-es aAre facts. mentioned awhile weo ?ha. ur have m ers. but I rif _ taRvicipe - esI m an now. ad .nev can say that 9 ost of t em have bey r. YOUNG. Mr. President, will the Senator yield? the - n assigned addi- lona nro ems art nrne>e oon eve . 'f o~ur o~y~ Amer" as Locals Amounts 45 905 $7.005 52 1 1,080 84 239 3,460 1 116 48 3.967 402 1,314 20,281 I'll, 11011 61,428 3,546 5,831 e yield k uch time as I have. Approved For Release 2005/01/05 : CIA-RDP74B00415R000600110023-5 Approved For R ~e 1 D 15R000600110023-5 197'2 CONG~RI /~ C R~~ 2 f M ay . , Mr. SCOTT. Mr. President, I yield ptinng Tam C .wing a are trifling 11; the back the remainder of my time, if that dark here with our national senurity. is satisfactory to the Senator from Ar- i no o jection, the letter kansas. was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, Mr. FULBRIGHT. Mr. President, just as follows: 1 minute for a comment here. I do no CENTRAL INTEI.LIGENCE AGENCY, wish to leave the record as if I did not Washington, D.C., May 1R, 1972. STENNIS, IIOn JOHN C . know better than that this would not Chairman, Committee on Armed Services, U.S. affect the CIA operations in Laos or else- Senate, Washington, D.C. where. They do not run those big opera- MY DEAR MR. CHAIRMAN: I am writing to tions under the embassies. This affQC S tell you of my very serious concern over cer- - a se com e e y ou s el, you m g say, the um sy. al . nr as- J S3i the em gassy are not a ec e Y ere are ericans in miscel- laneous agencies, a number of which I am quite sure are not affected what- ever. not affect the National 4er ,ri v 44ency.. ese are no ntel- c liigence gencles. n i. TaTIT Eo do is set the record straight, that I am not agreeing, by my silence, with these statements of the Senator from Mississippi that we do not know anything about it, that we had no hearings, and that there is no basis whatever for this provision. This matter has been discussed for several years, and we have had many pages of record. Our hearings run to 800 pages, and much of that is concerned with overstaffing of ent reduction, by 30 June 1973, in the totai umber of Executive Branch personnel (oth- er than those of the State Department, cer- tain military categories, and the Peace Corps) serving overseas. After reviewing the implications of this provision, I have concluded that it would seriously impair the effectiveness of this Agency in carrying out certain programs hav- ing a vital bearing on the national security. As you are aware, this Agency has in recent years undergone significant reductions in both money and manpower. In fact, since 1967 there has been a reduction of some 20 percent in Agency overseas positions affected by this provision, with no reduction in our increasing responsibilities and commitments, many of which are in support of other Fed- eral agencies. In these circumstances, and in view of the present world situation bearing on U.S. national security, I urgently request your assistance in securing for this Agency an exemption from Section 504(a) of S. 3526. Respectfully, S9409 Mr. FULBRIGHT. If the Senator from r. SCOTT. No. I do not think thaLis Mr. Iitl:ltlu%Rj~rMr. President, section 504 of S. 3526 requires a 10-percent re- duction in the numbet of Federal civilian employees in foreign countries. Specifi- cally excluded from this cutback are State Department employees. Peace Corps volunteers and leaders, and other Federal employees who are assigned to the Department of State on a reimbursa- ble basis, The cutback will apply against overseas strength as of July 1, 1972, and must be attained by June 30, 1973. The figures provided in the committee report-page 98-indicate that the total number of personnel under the jurisdic- tion of diplomatic mission chiefs amount to 26,000. With the exclusion of State employees, reimbursables carried on State's roles, and volunteers from the Peace Corps, to which the cutback does not apply, some 11,800 personnel are sub- ject to the cut. This means that approxi- mately 1,200 positions will have to be cut before June 30, 1973. The personnel subject to the cut would come from a number of executive agen- cies and departments such as Justice, Agriculture, Commerce, HEW, the Na- tional Aeronautics and Space Agency, the Export-Import Bank and others. I am not personally familiar with many of the agencies. C.Wr. ' TL.BRIIGG . President. ll t This is the responsibility of the Com- me say once moles thei r nn ~e mittee on Foreign Relations. do not fTie President to r?+ one c,nnle man n?t _~IITT~T~ __ ....t_......, 1.. the .,rnr1A The s u in n .IiB.3s au- s S is aan was not fit 's ot. ur resin a coo am n aware o . e1 her tiny come to e Senate noo17. t7le MCI, e Senator has not dealt with it does not mean that the committee hasnot dealt with it in depth and I think the evidence is here. I want- ed to put the record straight on that matter. I have cited a few of these fig- ures. I could cite a number of them, but I think anyone would admit that we have too many people in some of these MAG missions. However, the main matter, I would assume, which is left to the ad- ministration, would be the AID missions. I yield to the Senator from Mississippi. Mr. STENNIS. I thank the Senator very much. r President I unanimous consent to a printed in the 'CORD a er Dm~ irec or ems me aaTeMMy fx 7nwhic esar man or woman be taken out of the mili- tary attaches offices. I only cite these as examples which the President has the flexibility and the discretion to apply the cut to. I assume the larger share of the cut would be in the AID missions, because that pro- gram has been cut back, not as dras- tically as it ought to be, but it has been but I do know that the Department of Justice has slightly over 300 officials overseas connected with law enforce- ment, including drug control activities, and with the Department's Immigration and Naturalization Service. I would seri- ously question the merit of taking cuts in these activities. Rather than the indiscriminate reduc- tion that would be mandated by section 504, I think the more proper and orderly approach would be for the committees having substantive jurisdiction over the various overseas programs to examine their programs for excess fat and make cutbacks where indicated. Accordingly, I strongly support Sen- ator SCOTT'S amendment which will strike the indiscriminate cut contained in section 504. I have two additional problems with RECORD to indicate that un? erstood t fact that overseas personnel of the De- ao w thene!et nrTrnm ls- partment of Agriculture would be in- l d rue - STENNIS. Would the Senator ex- of a segment of the economy that con- t tributes almost one-fifth of the country's 4 r. FULBRIGHT. Surely if the con- total exports, and consistently makes a ator thinks that ic1o. we have prepared of trade and the balance of payments. Well STENNIS Mr , . . an amendment here that would do that, Agricultural exports last fiscal year and I ask the Senator to support it. totaled $7.8 billion, going to more than Mr. FULBRIGHT. I accept it, and I 150 countries. In this situation, the total ask unanimous consent to-well, I can- American personnel ceiling for USDA not do that, because it is the Senator's 'overseas is 203 persons, 43 of these peo- amendment. I would not mind doing it. ple are officers protecting the American Mr. SCOTT. Mr. President, I do not consumers from import into the United provision, I have concluded that it would seriously impair the effectiveness of this Agency in carrying out certain programs having a vital bearing on the national secu- rity. t ens nythinff. n and it ma.nc somel lmean a eve every one or us familiar witfi' esi a oiler- have any time. Approved For Release 2005/01/05 : CIA-RDP74B00415R000600110023-5 S 8410 Approved For Rel 89&AgJf5ALIRECORD 00 SENATE600110023-5 May 24, 191 2 U.S. standards for purity and whole- someness. They protect U.S. agriculture and food economy from the introduction of diseases and pests that do not exist in this country and would cause untold damage to our plants and animals should they gain a foothold here. If you cut this area you take your chances on African Swine Fever and dirty food. There are 138 people engaged in mar- ket development, negotiations to lower and remove trade barriers, reporting on market opportunities and competitive situations throughout the world. These people spearhead export expansion pro- grams that have helped to increase U.S. farm exports to record levels of $7.8 billion. That brings me to the second difficulty with this bill. Is the authorization for the State Department and the USIA the place for this body to reduce the number of employees of the Department of Agri- culture or the Department of Justice? If it is, indeed, necessary to decide whether to eliminate some positions in agricultural market development and in U.S. consumer import protection, then it seems to me it should be done in the context of agriculture and consumer af- fairs rather than foreign affairs. The same holds true for all other Federal agencies and programs not specifically included within the scope of S. 3526. I hope this amendment will be ap- proved. Mr. SCOTT. Mr. President, I yield back the remainder of the time which I do not have. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Does the Senator from Arkansas yield back the remainder of his time? Mr. FULBRIGHT. I yield back the re- mainder of my time. The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. STAF- FORD). All remaining time having been yielded back, the question is on agree- ing to the amendment of the Senator from Pennsylvania (Mr. SCOTT). On this question, the yeas and nays have been ordered, and the clerk will call the roll. The assistant legislative clerk called the roll. Mr. ROBERT C. BYRD. I announce that the Senator from New Mexico (Mr. ANDERSON), the Senator from Idaho (Mr. CHURCH), the Senator from Mississippi (Mr. EASTLAND), the Senator from Oklahoma (Mr. HARRIS), the Senator from Indiana (Mr. HARTKE), the Sen- ator from Minnesota (Mr. HUMPHREY), the Senator from North Carolina (Mr. JORDAN), the Senator from Arkansas (Mr. MCCLELLAN), the Senator from Wy- oming (Mr. MCGEE), the Senator from South Dakota (Mr. MCGOVERN), the Sen- ator from Alaska (Mr. GRAVEL), the Sen- ator from Indiana (Mr. BAYH), the Sen- ator from Georgia 1 Mr. GAMBRELL), the Senator from Massachusetts (Mr. KEN- NEDY), the Senator from Louisiana (Mr. LONG), the Senator from Connecticut (Mr. RIBIcoFF), and the Senator from Illinois (Mr. STEVENSON) are necessarily absent. I also announce that the Senator from Utah (Mr. Moss) is absent on official business. On this vote, the Senator from Con- necticut (Mr. RIBIcoFF) is paired with the Senator from Illinois (Mr. STEVEN- SON). If present and voting, the Senator from Connecticut would vote "yea" and the Senator from Illinois would vote, "nay." I further announce that, if present and voting, the Senator from Georgia (Mr. GAMBRELL) would vote "nay." Mr. GRIFFIN. I announce that the Senator from Oklahoma (Mr. BELLMON), the Senator from Idaho (Mr. JORDAN), and the Senator from Maryland (Mr. MATHIAS) are absent on official business. The Senator from Massachusetts (Mr. BROOKE), the Senator from Hawaii -(Mr. FONG), the Senator from Wyoming (Mr. HANSEN), the Senator from Oregon (Mr. HATFIELD), and the Senator from Illi- nois (Mr. PERCY) are necessarily absent. The Senator from South Dakota (Mr. MUNDT) is absent because of illness. The Senator from Kentucky !: Mr. COOK), the Senator from Arizona (Mr. GOLDWATER), and the Senator from Kansas (Mr. PEARSON) are detained on official business. If present and voting, the Senator from Massachusetts (Mr. BROOKE) would vote "nay." The result was announced--yeas 38, nays 32, as follows: [No. 186 Leg.] YEAS-38 Aiken Schweiker Allen Scott Erv n a er Fannin 4;g ~I+1hM."` Beall Griffin Stafford Bennett Gurney Bentsen Rollin- eons Boggs rus a Taft Brock XQ Buckley c n re Cotton Millery Weicker Curtis Packwood Ym Dole xbe NAYS-32 Bible Fulbright Nelson Burdick Hart Pastore il"6L Hughes Pen Jr Inouye Proxmire Byrd, o 'CL. Javits Randolph Cannon Magnuson Roth Case Mansfield Snort, Chiles Metcalf =Igtoll ,(iGp1iP,I Mondale a m ge Cranston Montoya Tunney Eagleton Muskie Williams NOT VOTING-30 Anderson Gravel _ Bayh Hansen McClellan Belimon Harris McGee Brooke Hartke McGovern Church Hatfield Moss Cook Humphrey Mundt Eastland Jordan, N.C. Pearson Fong Jordan, Idaho NXrLL Gambrell Kennedy Rib icoff poldw a .er Long Stevenson So Mr. SCOTT's amendment (No. 1203) was agreed to. Mr. SCOTT. Mr. President, I move that the vote by which the amendment was agreed to be reconsidered. Mr. STENNIS. Mr. President, I move to lay that motion on the table. The motion to lay on the table was agreed to. Mr. FULBRIGHT. Mr. President, I call up the amendment I have sent to the desk and ask for its immediate consider- ation. The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. TuN- NEY). That will take unanimous consent because the question now recurs on agreeing to the amendment of the Sen- ator from Michigan (Mr. GRIFFIN), No. 1200. Mr. SCOTT; Mr. President, I do hope that this unanimous consent will be granted. It ha to do with narcotics and it is very important. Mr. FULBRIGHT. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that this be in order and that the time be limited to 10 min- utes. I The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without objection, it is! so ordered. Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, my understanding is that there will be no rollcall votes, 1 although I cannot fully guarantee it. Mr. FULBR>f GHT. I do not think there will be any ne d for a rollcall vote. I will explain the amendment. The PRESIDING OFFICER. How will the time be di ided? Mr. FULBRIGHT. Mr. President, no one is in Opposition to this amendment that I know of. Mr. MANSFIELD. Give it to the minor- ity leader. Mr. FULBR GHT. I ask unanimous consent that he 10 minutes time be equally divided between the distinguished minority leade$, and myself. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without objection, it s so ordered, and the amendment w 1 be stated. The assistant legislative clerk pro- ceeded to read the amendment as fol- lows: S. 3526 On page 32, between lines 15 and 16, insert the following: INTJ ENATIOATAL NARCOTICS CONTROL SEC. 507. Chapter 8 of part I of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, relating to interna- tional narcotics control, is amended by strik- ing out section' 481 and inserting in lieu thereof the following new sections: "SEC. 481. IN'r RNATIONAL NARCOTICS CON- TROL.-It is the sense of the Congress that effective international cooperation Is neces- sary to put an end to the illicit production, smuggling, trafli~king in, and abuse of dan- gerous' drugs. In' order to promote such co- operation, the rresident is authorized to conclude agrees ents with other countries to facilitate control of the production, proc- essing, transport ation, and distribution of narcotic analgesics, including opium and Its derivatives, other narcotic drugs and psychotropics, and other controlled sub- stances as defined in the Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act of 1970 (Public Lady 91-513). Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the President is authorized to furnish assistance to any country or inte~nationai organization, on such terms and 0onditions as he may deter- mine, for the coptroi of the production of, processing of, s uggling of, and traffic in, narcotic and psy hotropic drugs. The Presi- dent shall suspend economic and military assistance furnished under this or any other Act, and shall sujspend sales under the For- eign Military Sales Act and under title I of the Agricultural ade Development and As- sistance Act of 1954, with respect to any country when the President determines that the government pi such country has failed to take adequat steps to prevent narcotic drugs and other controlled substances (as defined by the Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and control Act of :1970) pro- duced or processed, In whole or in part, in such country. or transported through such country, from being sold illegally within the jurisdiction of such country to United States Government personnel or their dependents, or from entering the United States unlaw- Approved For Release 2005/01/05 : CIA-RDP74B00415R000600110023-5 Cc., ciq Approved For Release 2005/01/05 : CIA-RDP74B00415R000600110023-5 May 25, 1972 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -SENATE amendment deals with the problem of 92-41, which has just recently been printed. fishermen, primarily the fishermen on I believe that the need for this legislation is the west coast. amply demonstrated by the testimony of I ask unanimous consent to have the many witnesses who appeared and de- scribed in detail their personal accounts of printed in the RECORD at this point the the economic devastation they face as a re- statement I made when I submitted this suit of this FDA determination. amendment, so that it can be understood For example, the situation facing the in context by the people who will be re- Petersburg Cold Storage Co. is typical. The viewing this RECORD on the other side. Petersburg Cold Storage Co. is owned by There being no objection, the state- 170 individual shareholders. It serves one of ment was ordered to be printed in the the small southeast Alaska towns which is directly affected. It was founded in 1926 by RECORD, as follows: a local group of fishermen and merchants Mr. STEVENS. Mr. President, today I am handling fish products, primarily halibut. It introducing a bill and submitting an amend- has operated successfully and has produced ment to another bill designed to assist roughly 125,000,000 pounds of halibut, a Alaska fishermen who are faced with eco- yearly average of 3,000,000 pounds. Yearly nomic ruin as the result of festrictions im- ranges have been from 1 to 5 million pounds. posed upon them in their domestic com- The replacement value of the plant alone is mercial fishing by prohibitive Federal or $1,500,000 and it has an insurable depre- State restrictions. ciated value of $1,029,000. It employs 20 to The bill I am introducing today author- 60 people per season. The average employ- izes the Secretary of Commerce to purchase ment for a 12-month period is 28. The an- these fish from any legal entity which first, nual payroll runs about $400,000. Normally, owns fishing equipment; and second, engages they would have 20 to 30 halibut vessels out- in domestic fishing as its usual occupation. fitting in Petersburg at times other than the The catches of fish which may be purchased normal seining season. However, as a result are those which the owner is prevented from of the mercury pollution level, last year only selling by restrictions related to a deteriora- two vessels fished for halibut in the area im- tion in the quality of the aquatic environ- mediately surrounding Petersburg. In a poll ment which were imposed on or after Jan- of 13 fishermen in nearby Kake, Alaska, in uary 1, 1971 by any State or Federal agency 1971 not a single fisherman indicated he and which, in the judgment of the Secre- felt he could economically fish for halibut, tary, impair the economic feasibility of any given the present restrictions. The same fish- did t th The Secretary is authorized to buy such fish at the fair market price in the area at the time of purchase. The "fair market price" is a term of art widely used in the law and easily determinable. Such fair market price must be evaluated in the specific locality, that is the specific town or city at which the catch is sold. The price must be determined as of the specific date of sale. Thus deflned, these terms wil provide the Secretary with practical guidelines for enforcement. The total amount of such purchases in any calendar year from any one eligible owner may not exceed 50 percent of its gross earnings from domestic fishing operations. The Secretary is then authorized to dispose of these fish in any legal manner he deems appropriate. Any such purchase must be subject to the condition that the eligible owner assign to the Secretary any right he may have to recover damages for the act or omission resulting in the imposition of ey ermen indicated that they felt tha not believe that they would be able to fish in 1972 either. Of course, solutions other than this bill are also being sought. However, even though it is not at all certain that a level as low as 0.5 part per million is necessary or even prac- tical, I believe that one solution that must be considered is embodied in this bill. I urge that my colleagues give it their most serious attention. Mr. President, the amendment I am trnducine today attempts yet another S-8465 Chairman of the Committee on Com- merce. Mr. MAGNUSON. Mr. President, I yield back my time. Mr. STEVENS. Mr. President, I yield back the remainder of my time. The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- pore. All time on the amendment has been yielded back. The question is on agreeing to the amendment of the Sena- tor from Alaska. The amendment was agreed to. Mr. MAGNUSON. Mr. President, I have not exercised the parliamentary privilege of moving to reconsider. I do not think we will have to do that, but I do want it open so that if other Senators wish to discuss it a little or perhaps wish to move to reconsider and then discuss it, they will be able to do so. But I am al- most positive that there will be no prob- lem about these two amendments. The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem-. pore. The bill is open to further amend- ment. ORDER OF BUSINESS Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that the pending bill be laid aside temporarily, that the un- finished business be laid before the Sen- ate at this time, and that the Chair recognize the distinguished Senator from Tennessee (Mr. BAKER) for the purpose of offering an amendment. The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- pore. Without objection, it is so ordered. TION ACT OF 1972 nate resumed the ^nnskl?" identical to S. 875, a bill I introduced a little over a year ago. This amendment would provide partial reimbursement for losses in- curred by commercial fishermen as the result of prohibitive Federal or State restrictions imposed on domestic commercial fishing. It would also authorize grants from the Secre- tary of Commerce to enable any eligible own- er to meet the usual business expenses he was prevented from meeting as a result of retary is also empowered to prescribe rules these restrictions. Under the bill, if a fisher- and regulations necessary to carry out the man accepts reimbursement, he automatic- provisions of the act, ally authorizes the Federal Government to file Finally, amounts not to exceed $4,000,000 suit in his behalf against those who polluted for fiscal year 1973 and $5,000,000 for fiscal the waters. Any amount collected in excess year 1974 are authorized. of the initial reimbursement and court costs Mr. President, this bill is specifically de- would by the Government over to the aggriev which initiated fisher- signed to to alleviate a problem facing many man small fishermen in southeast Alaska. It is the suit. Although it is reasonable to expect this result of mercury pollution levels found in method of reimbursement will ultimately be halibut by the Food and Drug Administra- self-supporting, such a status will probably tion. This finding has resulted in a deter- not be achieved for several years. Accordingly, mination that halibut above a certain size my amendment appropriates $4 million for may be dangerous and unfit for human con- operation of the program during the first sumption. Because of this finding, the in- year and $5 million for each of the 4 suc- dustry has been unable to sell halibut over ceeding years. a certain size, such size varying depending Mr. STEVENS. I ask my good friend upon the area of the ocean in which the and neighbor, the Senator from Wash- ington, whether he has reviewed this halibut vastating was caught. economic This effects s throughout c h d de southeast Alaska. amendment and if it is acceptable to On October 8, 1971, the Subcommittee on him. Oceans and Atmosphere of the Senate Com- Mr. MAGNUSON. As I stated earlier, merce Committee held hearings in Peters- I have. I am sure that Senator SPONG, burg, Alaska, on this subject. At these hear- Senator HATFIELD, who has handled some ings, the chairman of the subcommittee, the of these hearings, and I will accept the distinguished Senator from South Carolina amendment at this time; because I say (Mr. of representatives HOLLINGS) and I were present, various A lafish- rge again that it is germane to this bill. It number r does not deal with our international lag groups and governmental from mm agencies were ere p also present and testified before us. A report problems with Ecuador and Peru, but it of these hearings is contained in report No. is germane to the bill. of the bill (S. 3526) to provide authoriza- tions for certain agencies conducting the foreign relations of the United States, and for other purposes. AMENDMENT NO. 1201 The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- pore. Under the previous order, the pend- ing business is the amendment of the Senator from Tennessee, which will be stated. The Legislative Clerk read as follows: On page 26, line 15, strike out all of section 205. The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- pore. There is a time limitation of 1 hour for debate. Who yields time? Mr. BAKER. Mr. President, I suggest the absence of a quorum, on my time. The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- pore. The clerk will call the roll. The legislative clerk proceeded to call the roll. Mr. BAKER. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that the order for the quorum call be rescinded. The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. PROXMIRE). Without objection, it is so ordered. Mr. BAKER. Mr. President, I yield myself such time as I may utilize. Mr. President, I rise to offer an amendment to strike a section of the bill S. 3526 which I believe is unwise and goes far beyond either the intent or the jurisdiction of the Foreign Relations Committee. It is a provision which would Approved For Release 2005/01/05 : CIA-RDP74B00415R000600.110023-5 S8466, .q d Approved For Release 2005/01/05 : CIA-RDP74B00415R0006001100~3-5 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE' lt/In.~~ I a r7 viaing any asistance to foreign govern- ments in the field of information. It ap- plies to all Government agencies, pro- hibiting any of them from directly or indirectly preparing or assisting in pre- paring for dissemination, or dsseminat- ing, information of any kind for, on be- half of, or in the name of a foreign government. The committee was apparently con- cerned about the activities of the U.S. Information Agency in Southeast Asia. These activities were begun during pre- vious administrations. USIA assisted the information services of the governments of the Indochinese States and Thailand. But the Agency has testified that they have discontinued this effort and that present USIA policy is that such activi- ties shoud be the responsibility of the governments concerned. To the extent that the bill is directed against USIA operations in Southeast Asia, it addresses a situation which no longer exists. However, it will have an adverse im- pact on other agencies and activities which promote American domestic and foreign interests and which should be continued. Since World War II our Gov- ernment has provided information as- sistance to foreign governments as a constructive and relatively inexpensive course, it has served our own domestic ag .,...,f inf v """"l"ei 71t`o I "L1ie policy interests when other governments agencies o for further r N disssoreignemination puon- ere in a dissemination position to communicate to cerning violations of environmental pro- their matters about which our tective agreements, management of na- Government was concerned, or which tural resources development, and tech- which were matters of international o "? on :liar-1 logical damage. cotics control and ecology. In post war Europe we provided advice E. EDUCATION, INCLUDING PEACE CORPS ' CONTRIBUTIONS and in some cases m di , , e a materials to governments which received Marshall plan aid and which supported our for- eign policy objectives. Following the Marshall plan period, the United States on occasion responded to requests of a small number of developing nations fort assistance with their own information program. This assistance was carefully tailored to provide support for our over- all foreign policy goals and was designed to encourage a stable and peaceful poli- tical evolution. It was provided only for limited periods of time and for limited objectives. The sweeping language of section 205 would either prohibit or seriously im- - - ----------- formation which is now routinely passed G. COMMERCE between Federal agencies and foreign Section 205 would prohibit the U.S. public and private agencies to serve mu- Travel Service from providing informa- tual interests in such fields as welfare, tion to foreign public agencies and impair commerce, and security. In reaching well its effectiveness with foreign private beyond the intent of the original In- agencies for the further dissemination of formational and Cultural Exchange Act, information, materials, texts, and photos section 205 would prohibit or impair the designed to encourage travel to the further dissemination f i f -- o n ormation dealing with the following areas of con- cern to our Government, both. domesti- cally and as they relate to foreign policy: ,ei u. rureigii narcotics control activities Foreign Relatio s Committee had the such as the preparation of training ma- points I have tou hed upon been covered terials based on United States-supplied in hearings befo that committee when iformation for use in police antidrug di- this legislation was being considered. I visions, would be seriously hampered. am unaware of the depth of the commit- Further, Federal agencies would be pro- tee's hearings on is matter. hibited di ssemi received nating information rom from a foreign country for the a prohibition would also be contrary to treaty obligations. B. FAMILY PLANNING Section 205 would also prohibit the Clearly, section 205 goes beyond the scope of S. 3526, iwhich I understand to be an authorization measure for the De- partment of StatUSIA, the Arms Con- trol and Disarm ent Agency, and the Peace Corps. Mor, over, the ramifications of section 205, asl I have illustrated, are clearly outside t e purview of the in- formation and Educational Exchange Act. concerning methods to achieve planned particular Goveriment agency of any population growth and advanced meth- product it disseminates overseas. I have ods of curtailing uncontrolled birth rates, already indicated how this requirement C. POLICE MATTERS could impair the effectiveness of Our Gov- Section 205 would prohibit the dis- ernment's Cooperation with foreign pri- semination of information to foreign po- vate agencies on matters concerning our lice agencies for further dissemination commerce, health, and welfare. concerning international crimes and The at the requirement beginning that of the attribution material placed criminals, extradition matters, and law would se ffecti - enforcement techniques. Such would atheriously diminish the effective- enforcement ness of materials vOhich this Government tion would also appear to be an abroga- might want to halve distributed abroad tion of U.S. treaty responsibilities. -1 ?,,,,.,,, -..-..:-_1____ . .. _ ._ cific Government Government in ge ginning or the endi bill would apply uted, including coli, agency or the U.S. era], either at the be- of the document. The all material distrib- es of historical, docu- Section 205 would prohibit.the dissemi- nation of information to foreign public agencies for further dissemination and impair the dissemination of information to foreign private agencies which are de- signed to improve the effectiveness of educational systems. F. HEALTH Section 205 would prohibit the dissemi- nation of information to foreign public agencies for further dissemination con- cerning international health problems, epidemics, and other indigenous health problems in foreign countries, and the overall use and development of medi- cines and techniques in improving the There are many other illustrations falling into such areas as disarmament goals. atomic. energy military aiA 4- Section 205 would prohibit dissemina- tional money matters, and international tion of information to foreign public law, which could also be affected by this agencies for further dissemination of in- provision. formation concerning detection, controls, I doubt very much that the sweeping seizures, and prosecutions which have a4 language used in section 205 would have direct impact on our domestic drug prob- i been favorably reported by the Senate al police work, ecology, health and pop- ulation control, aid travel service pro- motion. These are things which obvious- ly the U.S. Government has no interest in hiding, but whQther the specific at- tribution may be (printed in the right place or say exactly the right thing and can be accomplished within the time es- tablished in this bi:l, which would be the time of passage, is difficult to ascertain and it could result in unnecessary and unwarranted expense to the Treasury. In one special respect this provision could have a most undesirable effect on USIA's operations. (USIA assists foreign television producer$ who want to come to the United States and make films about our country. Thd Agency lends its studios, provides stcck footage as desired, and facilitates travel, interviews, and filming by the foreign television crews. Many of these pro ucts are valuable in correcting distortio is about life in the United States phi h are so prevalent abroad. Mr. President, aslevidence of the dis- tortions and a descrption of some of the work USIA is doing to correct them, I ask unanimous consent in the RECORD at ti remarks the series l: editor of TV Guide, peared in that.pubi The PRESIDING PROXMIRE). Withou ordered. (See exhibit 1.) hat there be printed Le conclusion of my i Mr. Merrill Panitt, which recently ap- ,cation. r OFFICER (Mr. objection it is so Mr. BAKER. Mr. President, Mr. Panitt's analysis is s artiing. but that his report is all too true Is confirmed by any Approved For Release 2005/01/05 : CIA-RDP74B00415R000600110023-5 Approved For Release 2005/01/05 : CIA-RDP74B00415R000600110023-5 May 25, 19'12. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD 'SENATE S 8467 of us who have had an opportunity to see we report Vietnam. But if that's all we re- tion, for once!" The man he was interviewing how our Nation is represented on televi- ported, then you would have a real cause for was the Prime Minister. complaint. Most knowledgeable Americans believe Sion screens in other countries. I think "But what do we see of America? What that as a matter of over-all policy, British we would all agree, indeed foreign visa- we see overwhelmingly is Apollo. We've de- television is by no means anti-American. Nor tors to the United States do agree, that voted a tremendous amount of time to Apollo are the majority of producers and editors who the best remedy for some of the false im- flights and Houston and we've gained knowl-' work for BBC or the independent commercial pressions people overseas have about our edge of the way Americans indulge in bad- organizations. There certainly are, however, country is to expose more of the broad image and small talk but organize themselves enough of them who either dislike America or reality of life here to television viewers technologically. Last night we had a program whose politics involve criticizing America, to abroad. That is what USIA, with its pro- on the 6th Fleet. It seemed to me to demon- make British television-on frequent occa- grams of facilitative assistance to foreign strate America's concern and responsibility sions-a source of frustration and anger for and how much money you are spending on Americans in the audience. television producers, is trying to do. The NATO. We also see a great deal of America What effect all this Is having on British problem posed by this bill, however, arises on the fringes-things like The Mary Tyler viewers is impossible to measure. Without from the fact that in most instances for- Moore Show represent a certain aspiration in doubt, however, they are getting a distorted eign television networks are Government the American character. So does Ironside. picture of our society if they depend en- owned and Government operated. If the All these things together form an amalgam." tirely upon television for their information bill passes with this restrictive provision, All of what Attenborough says is true, of about America. a question could be raised whether USIA course, but then there's no way to avoid In Belgium the picture of America one sees would be able to continue to give the for- covering an Apollo flight, to avoid giving on television depends largely upon where eign government television networks the viewers the sight of men walking on the one is sitting-in Flanders to the north or moon. And NATO is very much Britain's busi- Walloonia to the south. The Flemish speak help that they. request from the Agency. ness too, so it behooves BBC to tell its audi- a kind of Dutch, much as Americans speak Mr. President, it is for these reasons ence what's going on in the Mediterranean a kind of English. The Walloons speak that I offered the pending amendment. east of Gibraltar. There is also some question French. Each group has its own separate and At this time, I reserve the remainder as to whether Mary Tyler Moore's appealing distinct television network operating under of my time. smile and Raymond Burr's ability to stare the aegis of the Belgian government. ExHIBIT 1 down a criminal outweigh the damage The Flemish network has strong central WITH FRIENDS LIKE THESE-Ox TELEVISION, wrought by giving American dissidents tele- control, straightforward news reports with SOME or AMERICA'S TRADITIONAL ALLIES DO vision time and free rein-and a great deal no editorial ririacomments, a number Sullivan iety NOT ALWAYS ACT THE PART of encouragement-to attack the basic strut- programs with joy' fat ture of American society. charge, and quite a few American programs (By Merrill Panitt) After Robert Musel's Oct. 2 article appeared run with the original sound track and Flem- There used to be a catchy headline in an in these pages, BBC used it as the subject ish subtitles. advertisement for a halitosis remedy. "Even of a television panel discussion during which The Walloon network permits more local your best friends won't tell you!" it was brought out that critical programs on autonomy and gives its producers more or Our best friends, the Belgians, the English such subjects as American unemployment, less carte blanche. It imports a number of and the French, aren't a bit bashful. They pollution, sex and marriage, draft evasion, programs from France, and when it runs a tell us. Often. On television. black power and student disorders, all within program from the United States or Britain Usually, they tell us by running news films a period of a few months, did indeed give or any other country, it is carefully dubbed or public-affairs programs, from American Americans the impression that British tele- into French. The news sometimes includes a networks, that dwell on our problems. Some- vision was slightly biased against them, few editorial asides. An example: times it's a matter of giving air time to Still, said Attenborough, "I and my col- The day Rap Brown was wounded and American dissidents such as James Baldwin, leagues, and I believe a great number of captured in a New York holdup attempt, the Norman Mailer, Stokely Carmichael and Ab- British people have profound admiration for newscaster explained that early reports did bie Hoffman. Occasionally they send their the way in which America not only talks not make It quite clear how Brown's capture own camera crews to the United States to about freedom of speech and freedom of re- occurred. "But then," he added, "it often cover a big news story-such as the Attica porting, but actually sticks to it. And even happens that black militants in the United prison riot. when-the going is tough-as it certainly has States are shot by police in circumstances Whatever is wrong with us, we don't keep been during the past two or three years, you that are not clear." It a secret. And our friends are only too will- say, 'Look, we meant it. We meant that re- Belgians pay about $19 for their annual ing to pass our troubles along to their view- porting during the Vietnam war is free and television licenses and the money goes direct- ers. open as far as is humanly possible.' And ly to the government, which decides how We asked David Attenborough, director of there are very few other countries-as I know much of it will be necessary to run television programming for the British Broadcasting personally to my cost-where you can say for a year. Sometimes it is more than the Corporation, whether he thought Americans that." license-fee income, sometimes less. Techni- were paranoid about being criticized on Eu- As elsewhere in Europe, television in Brit- -tally the government has no voice in pro- rbpean television. ain, especially news and public-affairs de- gramming and a law forbids censorship. "I don't think you're paranoid at all," he partments, is populated largely by young, Both networks, however, are extremely said. "What we're dealing with Is a problem left-leaning intellectuals who somehow feel cautious about domestic politics, leaning over which is a universal problem. It faces us it is their mission to denigrate the American backward to be fair to all parties. There is about every country and every activity you civilization. They scoff at American "mate- lfttle investigative reporting or criticism in can think of." Whereupon he related the rialism"-while in Britain, as throughout covering the government. It is said that there complaints of British industrialists and trade Europe today, there appears to be just as are three political parties in Belgium-con- unionists who told him that the BBC was much preoccupation with flashy automobiles, servative Liberal, conservative Social Chris- "grossly distorting" the situation of labor comfortable homes and convenience appli- tian and conservative Socialist-for Belgium relations because it only reported strikes and antes as there is in America. They become is a business-oriented country, welcomes for- strike threats. American "racism"-while eign investments (United States investment "It seems to me," he said, "that television's indignant over their own growing racial difficulties are there is about $1.2 billion; and is a strong job is not to report the average, but to re- handled with typical british reserve, and NATO supporter. port the significant. It is particularly im- politicians win re-election by advocating a Belgian networks have adopted a unique portant to us in the country to report the halt to black immigration. method of making certain that all shades of significant in the United States. Partly be- This youthful bumptiousness is most evi- political thought are represented in the cause we are so close, but partly because, dent on a few panel and "magazine" pro- news departments. Each news jobs is assigned G lass-Very article Darkly says [TV Robert Guide, "Musel, OctThrough a grams, the latter being quite popular in Eu- a point value-an editor might be worth ," by 19711, what is happening In the Oct. Through rope and the model for such American three points, a reporter one. Each political States go i g to happen In e the years' time public-affairs programs as 60 Minutes. In party is assigned a total number of journal- States Is going to happen In flue years' time fairness it should be noted that British tele- istic points depending upon the party's in this country. vision generally has a tendency to snipe- strength in parliament. "I don't know whether it's true or not, but. whether at the United States or at any other Still the French-language network does we do reflect a great deal of what happens country. This tendency has been described seem to reflect thinking a bit more to the in the United States. Certainly if you look rather accurately, as "bitchiness." It makes left than the parliamentary statistics would over the past few years, many of the things for lively, fascinating television, suggest. The Social Christians nbw are the that have happened-the student movement. On panel and talk shows, participants also ruling party, with the Liberals to the right the drug situation-both of these were seen snipe at their own country and at each other. and the Socialists to the left, If the Social earlier in the United States than here. Hip- British television interviewers are sharp and Christians are the center party and if they pies, the love generation. I knew about them probing. They will not permit their questions have more jouranlistic points than the others, first from reports from America. to be turned aside and they frequently die- why are there so many leftists in the news "Of course we report racial troubles. Of play anger. One told the man he was inter- department? We put that question to Emile course we report student troubles. Of course viewing: "Will you please answer the ques- Henceval, director of news and current- Approved For Release 2005/01/05 : CIA-RDP74B00415R000600110023-5 Approved For Release 2005/01/05 : CIA-RDP74B00415R000600110023-5 S,84,68 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE May 25, 1972 affairs programming for Radio-diffusion- political rallies that find fault with President things happen than merely what Is happen- Television Beige (RTB), the French network. Georges Pompidou and his administration ing. So far as America is concerned, this re- Henceval explained that the general Aside from a treatment of "Uncle Tom's suits in more bal need programming. population is more conservative than the Cabin" which was less than complimentary, News and special events are headed by Ja- young journalists who come out of the uni- and a program on group psychology freaks queline Boudier, a;respective news executive, versities and go into television, "RTB has which offered a strangely warped view of how who doesn't care what here newsmen's pol- great difficulty in recruiting young journalists Americans relieve their tensions, the past itics are so long a they are neutral and ob- who have conservative opinions," he said, two years have been relatively free of openly jective when they'e working. "There are hardly any, gratuitous slams on French television. What is objectivity? we asked. "But there is a strong and active left- There still are, however, complaints from "Honesty," she replied. "You can.'t always wing minority even among the Social Chris- Americans living In France about what they be objective. But ypu can be honest." tians, and the young ones are attracted by see as an overly critical attitude toward us, French televisioli's new-and more bal- that. If a young Social Christian has one and some have been especially touchy abort anted-treatment of the United States may journalistic point, he represents the left television reports from the First Network's or may not have something to do with the wing of the Social Christians, even though New York correspondent, Emmanuel de la results of two recent polls. One showed that the general tendency of the party is center. Taille. Asked about this, De la Taille ad- 59 per cent of those polled said that America And one always recruits young people." mitted that he probably was being influenced Is the country that interests them most, the Then, we asked, is the general picture of by the highly critical attitude of the Amer- country they most {Wanted to visit. China was America filtered to the ]Belgian people ican media to which he is constantly exposed, second with 20 percent. through these young leftist journalists? So criticism of America still is to be found The second poll ehowed that the attitude "That is too dramatic, too general a state- on French television, but on the whole It has of all Frenchmen polled toward the United ment," Henceval said. "The majority of been reasonable and thoughtful. Pierre States was generally favorable, with those young journalists who represent this move- Desgraupes, news and public-affairs head of most favorably Inclined toward us being in ment ]a critical current toward United the First Network, related a revealing anec- the 19-29 year-old age group. States policy] are just as critical of Russia. dote. It seems the former Soviet ambassador Which may indj[cate that everybody in But It is not the same.... Toward the United to France was unhappy because French tele- France didn't belie a everything they saw on States one is very critical but very friendly, vision spoke very seldom about the Soviet television during tl4e De Gaulle years. If you ask young journalists whether they Union but quite often about the United want a month In America or a month in States. One day, over lunch, he voiced his HOW LEFTIST INFLk7ENCE ON DUTCH TELE- Russia, they'll all choose the United States." complaint to the director general of French VISION OFTEN RESULTS IN A TWISTED VIEW While there is less editorial criticism of TV and to Pierre Desgraupes. OF THE UNITED SLATES America and there are fewer programs about Desgraupes replied that If the Russians (Rv AN-11-ill country on the Flemish network, the news -w The Dutch are a tolerant into Moscow as the Americans do to get a the Puritans were people. Whed reports do not paint a bright picture. crew into New York, the Soviet Union Would for their religious ounfs hey fo England "It is only natural," said Lode Van Uylven, be spoken of often too. harbor in Holland !tor th for th, they focmd safo news director of Belgische Radio on Televisie After the Russian left, Desgraupes' boss preparrepare t e e etime w it took n (BRI), "that Vietnam and racial conflict and told him: "You know, you won't make it anY mr' v ppl to the New World. When demonstrations get more time on the air last a s hi m Europe found them- y telling him that ew into the Soviet selves unwe unwelcome e 4n many countries, they than anything ni else. That's the nature of news. UUnionon b b g Our sources are mainly the American net- "Why not?" turned their bare fe eet toward the friendly works. Whatever they put on the air them- "Because you speak a Iot about the United them pt ambience aare r Ao at roam, wherg many es o selves, we get over here." States, but you know-and he knows-that al ng h cl found living cn als. The director general of the French lan- everything you say Is critical." tied Duttcch along the television 1 iIs t celebrated canals. guage network, Robert Wangermee, Insisted We asked Desgraupes if he was makin a tolerant too. There i- that the bad news from America was not conscious attempt to balance all the bad tare a delia gammut ate of effort t politifcalgive air time tod the l really all bad. "What we appreciate from news from America with r ich , hroughs an odd doci r- American television is liberty of spirit, of tabiished some sort of b ance. He .said he cbeliefs, i an e rffort s somewhat mwhat more iti- self-criticism about the problems of was trying, but it was difficult. He even felt sm of the U itea 1!s ntel seem America," he said. "This is very Important, compelled, at one time, to produce a ro ram to be cism a sh tely f' I than want oun- that most of the criticism is coming from that explained American news-gatherhig trr . a The bsolutely f le n that tct r e icch the United States." methods, and American freedom of informa- y. Dutch tewision structure s such tion, to the French audience. that there is lively competition to attract * * * * * young, leftist viewelys. Nothing is more sure- Some Americans living in Belgium say Doesn't France have freedom of informa- fire in appealing to !this audience than tak- that the French. livi age network there tion7 teems h fFren the guage n of television "In Europe generally, but especially in ing Amerion t task' for iof a out Binh a attitudes se France. That would seem de be true iv lion France," Desgraupes said, "there Is less of a Television ti me, o total p about nine hours because so man tendency toward the sort of fair la the sort a gay on ewe networks, is ro rat h y have- y programs that appear in p Y, ing n the number t members ent ario Belgium-including public-affairs shows - ?f criticism that exists in the United States. originate in France. l French ilsho s- If we were to criticize trade unions, they pmog , associations 1 ous and that cia lebell vrioue s eom beliefs. The would also be felt, for the same reason', ce wouldn't accept this the way trade unions do Mpolore re m, ers, i e in America. If we were to criticize, say, fun- Membership rship in p, lve subscribing a - other Francophone countries. eral directors, we'd have a letter from their ne ed y the to associ tion. Belgium, however, has fallen slightly be- Progr mming pub fished f the fundsap - hind in adopting the new French television p ado union oho next day telling us we had programming is fin nced from funds pro- attitude toward America. In France, America ut the honor of their profession into jeo- vided by a $20 annial license fee On each Is doing pretty well. Pardy. Americans accept criticism much more television set and by b idvertisin income from There are some Ia ses, but easily than Europeans." Y g p generally we We heard this in other countries too. Amer- n w cast. T that p e and fallow each found French television almost pro-American ica has a journalism all its own, a tradition ewct The money Isdd s divided among the compared with some of the other European of exposing wrong-doing or unfairness wher- timeprodu ehtheir own eprogramstlor rbuy countries we visited. ever it appears. American readers-and from com This :s an about-face from treatment of ers-have become accustomed to this criti- men them stud tudiofacilgn sources. They tnge egip uip- the United States by French television dur- cism of the Establishment, as has the Estab- ment. The i cssociatio ns h have trans m itt ing e ing most of the De Gaulle regime. At that lishment. This is not rue in most of Europe. is litttle flinati n bOn the fo pfrt und of that m ddl oe- time, television news was all but the prop- The ground l old people one ass- erty of the administration. When a cabinet different. SomeEuropeans look upon our self- aged and old other fEo switch from one are member was to make a speech, however criticism as a sign of weakness. More, we be- suscen to another. !But young people are minor, one of his flunkies would call anet- Iieve, see it as a basis of American strength, susceptible to change, and they will join a dilif it work news chief and demand that the speech As In other countries, most of the young sent the avs bet r h n tears to a did. be covered. It was covered. people who go into news in France lean to sent their viecews retty than the old one did. Television program heads had their an- the left. Desgraupes said they were relativel Their views generally! are leftist viewa. ear Y It is only natural; then, for the associa- tennae up for clues as to what their editorial Y to control. TIIe real problem, he said, bons to compete for the attention of the positions should be. De Gaulle was highly was directors, many of them Communists, young leftists in they hope of gaining them critical of the United States. So was French who come and go in television and are al- as members and thus winning more time on television. most impossible to control. the air. At very least the associations feel Although many suspect that the antennae The Second Network in France has present- compelled to keep t{he young people they are still up, television news, we were told by ed a great many programs on aspects of already have from switching affiliation. This the news and special-events chiefs of France's America rarely touched by other European is known in Dutch television as "protecting two networks, is now absolutely free. The net- broadcasters--social security, life In a mid- your left flank." works themselves do not criticize the French west community, education, old age. This Two associations make no bones about government, but they do cover opposition network appears to be more interested in why being left-oriented. One is VARA, which has Approved For Release 2005/01/05 : CIA-RDP74B00415R000600110023-5 Approved For Release 2005/01/05 CIA-RDP74B00415R000600110023-5 May 25, ,1972? COI dI ESSIOINAL -RECORD ' SENATE more than 400,000 members and is there- KRO has presented many programs, from fore entitled to an "A" classification and all American sources and from its own.produc- the time on the air a Class A association tion teams, which show positive aspects of enjoys. VARA represents the Socialists, who the United States. In recent months it broad- are now led chiefly by the New Left. (There cast the ABC documentary on Mayor Charles are 14 parties in Holland and the Socialists Evers of Fayette, Miss., and a documentary are the largest party with 23 per cent of the on police work in Kansas City, Mo., which vote in the last election. It is in opposition, presented policemen as neither villains nor however, because the government is a coali- heroes, but men doing an often difficult but tion of five minority parties.) The other always necessary job. But it also offered its leftist association is VPRO, which has un- viewers programs on anti-Vietnam demon- der 250,000 members and is classified "C," strations. Lieutenant Calley and the My Lai which entities it to considerably less time massacre, and the Pentagon Papers. than VARA. VPRO is a far-out Protestant TROS is an association more concerned organization known for its satire. It has with entertainment than politics. Signifi- drawn the fire of conservative Protestants cantly, it is growing more rapidly than any who complain that some of its programs other group. NCRV represents the tradition- take the form of obscenity bordering on al, conservative, Reformed-Church, small- pornography. town segment of Dutch society. The largest VARA did a program on Angela Davis im- association, AVRO is somewhat to the right plying that she could not get a fair trial of center it brought "The Selling of the Pen- in the United States. It also did one fea- tagon" to Dutch TV. It also telecast a friend- turing an interview with Chicago 7 attorney ly documentary on the 6th Fleet in the Med- William Kunstler, during which the Dutch iterranean, interviewer Pier Tanta deliberately fed None of these associations is permitted to Kunstler questions worded to bring out the broadcast news. That is the prerogative of most poisonous anti-American propaganda NOS, an umbrella organization which has no the attorney could produce. members but which is awarded 40 per cent When VARA covered the funeral of pris- of all television time for news, sports, some oners killed in the Attica riot, the inter- other types of programs, and the presenta- viewer was Pier Tanta again. He began the tions of associations which have under 100,- program with this statement: 000 members and therefore no right to reg- "American blacks may demonstrate and ular time segments of their own. bury their dead, but American society stays As an example, we watched a program unmoved. There is a growth of poverty, dis- broadcast during NOS time as a joint effort content, violence. The black leaders are say- by three small church groups-IKOR (Inter- ing that the black civil war has already - church Consultation for Radio and TV Mat- started. Attica is a political case. While au- ters), CVK (Convention of Churches) and thority over 1200 black prisoners. Criminals, RKK (Roman Catholic Church Association). yes, but also colored people who never had The program was Kenmerk, a weekly in- achance in American society." formation program about the church and so- He supported this contention with inter- ciety, which was offering a two-part series views of three mourners at the funeral, one on American use of "chemical warfare" in of whom obligingly told Tanta: "We feel South Vietnam. The first part had to do with that America is one big Attica; one big con- chemical defoliants. That program began centration camp. America is a prison, a slave with a shot of a map of Europe with Hitler camp for black people. We can't stay here in an inset making a speech. Then the nar- and we can't leave here. We are enslaved rater said: "Thirty years ago we divided the here. We're not robbing, we're expropriating world into good and evil, on one side the money from the thief himself. We're taking Nazis, on the other side the Allies and the what belong to us. Were going to get the Dutch. Then the world was divided into the person who created this violence-known as Communist world on one side and we and the Richard Milhous Nixon and Company, known Americans on the other. Then the Americans as the United States Government." streamed into Vietnam." For whatever consolation it may provide, The program showed defoliated forests, VARA has described the Soviet Union - as women and children war victims, bombs be- "even more indigestible than the United ing released from planes, and interviews with States." a Dutch' biologist and a Communist Viet- VPRO, the satirical Protestant association which is just as far left as VARA, has been disowned by many Protestants who object to its sexual permissiveness and its political radicalism. One of its most virulent slams at the United States recently was a musical program titled "Carte Blanche," which fea- tured an American black and two American Indians who live in Holland. Much of it was racial material, with lyrics such as "Niggers hanging from the trees, swinging in the breeze" used to describe current conditions in the United States. Said one American who once spent several years in the Soviet Union, ''I never saw anything worse on Moscow TV." In its preview of the current season, VPRO promised to deliver a number of satirical at- tacks on the United States, including bur- lesques of the Chicago 7 trial and interviews with unsuspecting Southerners who respond to friendly Dutch interviewers in good faith and then become the object of ridicule when the film is shown by VPRO. These two organizations make no attempt to balance their anti-American material, but say it is up to the more moderate associa- tions to provide balance. Among the more moderate ones Is KRO, the Catholic group, which is left of center and which is the van- guard of efforts to force acceptance by the Vatican of artificial birth control 'and of marriage for priests. namese doctor. Twice during the program, shots of war victims-fleeing refugees and crying children-had as musical background a male choir singing "Glory, Glory, Halle- lujah." The second part of the series had to do with nausea and tear gases. It presented a film history of chemical warfare, including atrocity film from World War I, which showed chlorine gas victims. Somehow the gases used in Vietnam were equated with the deadly chlorine gas of the First World War. It was explained that this was a church matter because all this material was being delivered to the bishops meeting in Rome. News reports as presented by the umbrella organization, NOS, are free of editorial com- ment. NOS does no editorializing and the as- sociations do no news. But the associations do offer comments on the news, and it is in these commentaries that bias often emerges, for even in the moderates organizations there are leftists in key positions. Holland's most respected news analyst, G.B.H. Hilter- mann, appears on television for AVRO, the largest association, and also writes for a leading weekly magazine. In his view, the as- sociations are "completely run or governed or even tyrannized by the New Left." Hiltermann is no conservative. In Holland, a social-welfare state which is neither com- pletely free enterprise nor completely so- 9 84W he says, he might be a very liberal Dem- ocrat, or even a very, very liberal Republi- can. He says all of the broadcasting associations are under leftist influence. "You are forced. You must be progressive. You must agree that something new is coming. You must find new ways. It is fashionable. Maybe it is because this country has for so long been a fairly rigid colonial power. Now that anything is permitted, we are just like Denmark. All of a sudden we are the most revolutionary, the most open, the most crazy society in Europe. The boys with the longest hair are in Holland, the girls with the hottest hot pants are here. This is a country in terrible turmoil. We have all these revolutionary young people trying to find but if our inherited values have some meaning. I'm not against that. The trouble is we have no Establishment, no government, no authority which is still secure in its own position, which can stand. That is the prob- lem." Hiltermann insists that newspaper circula- tion figures and popular votes in elections prove that only a minority of the Dutch favor the left. But the left is in control of television, and the* United States, as the supercapitalist state, is a sitting duck for television pot shots. "When I was 18 or 19 years old," he says, "I too thought that society was something alien and different and even hostile. At the university we were saying that one day we would have another world, and we would have ideas and discussions and we would plan a better world. And so I think that as a student maybe I too was thinking of blow- ing up the world. "But then the world was strong and the Establishment was strong. I don't think that the attitude and the mentality of the young- er generation and the atmosphere even in this country is basically wrong. I do think that it is something that will pass over. When they grow up they will change their opinions. The main thing is that the Establishment is weak, so the left is far more effective now. And then there's the mass media. Just think, ,if you're young and you have long hair and you've something crazy to say or do-you'll be on television. Just give the word! There is no balance, no counterweight, no counter- influence." Hiltermann said that the young people one hears from in Holland are leftists but in addressing students at universities, espe- cially engineers, he has gained the impres- sion that the majority of students are not inclined toward the left. "You must notice in the United States that this left minority can extend a great influ- ence, and the world has constantly been shaped by minorities. The Russian Revolu- tion was not made by a majority. And' a convinced and passionate and eagerly work- ing minority can convince a people of quite a lot of things, especially if they are in con- trol of communications. That is the danger." At the headquarters of the organization that broadcasts all news reports in Holland, the deputy head of NOS television programs, Harry Hagedorn, said he didn't know-or care to know-the political views of the men who read the news. "Our job is to report all opinions and view- points. We want to have critical people work- ing for us, but not activists." He admitted that Dutch television was critical of the United States but that the criticism comes out of true friendship. He also said he believed viewers were getting a balanced picture of the United States. However, when he first visited America, he said, "I was surprised to find -poor white people. Here in Holland we always thought that poverty had only to do with black peo- ple. We thought they were treated badly and so they were poor. I saw that there were white people who were poor too." Approved For Release 2005/01/05 : CIA-RDP74B00415R000600110023-5 S'8470 Approved For Release 2005/01/05 : CIA-RDP74B00415R0006001100 3-5 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE May 25, 1972 We asked Hagerdorn whether Dutch tele- vision criticized the United States-so often because America is a capitalistic nation. "It may also be," he replied, "because we have problems in our country and it's very nice to look at other people who also have prob- lems." Ratings are a deep secret in Holland, where only a few top executives see the figures. The most popular program most weeks is Peyton Place. Next comes On the Buses, a British situation comedy. American programs occupy about 31 hours a week-some 18 per cent of all television time. Among the programs are Lucy, The Brady Bunch, Alias Smith and Jones, Mission: Impossible, Bonanza and Nancy. Most of them have much higher ratings than the current-events programs that em- phasize a negative view of the United States. Still, it is annoying and frustrating for an American to see his country's faults exag- gerated, or at least dwelled upon until they overshadow our accomplishments. J. William Middendorf, America's Ambas- sador to the Netherlands, put It as diplomati- cally as possible: "One of the trends I've seen since I've been here has been a tend- ency for quite a few television programs to take America out of context. They show a part of America that does exist, but to some- one who doesn't have the shared experience with America that those over 40 in the Neth- erlands have had either during the war or after it-to such an outsider selecting a few programs about America without looking at the over-all picture, he might get the im- pression that America is made up of nothing but illnesses. I would hope that there would be more of a balance possible. "I don't say this as a criticism of an of Dutch television. I say this as a criticism of a very small part of it. One tends to re- member the few negatives-and the few negatives do stick in your mind-at least those that don't seem to be at all balanced." The Ambassador said he was chiefly con- cerned with the effect of these programs on the younger generation in Holland who might get the idea that America is just "kind of a sick place." American observers agree that the Dutch people have a much more positive attitude toward America than their television does. One mitigating factor may be the fact that the source of each critical program is known. Says James Everett, an American public-re- lations man who also is general manager of an English-language newspaper distributed in Benelux countries, "They tell you this next program is presented by a leftist organi- zation, so you sit back in your seat and can discount it. Labeling prejudices tends to take the sting out of them." The Dutch are used to considering the source of the programs they watch on television. Not long ago one of Holland"s former lead- ing industrialists, now a consultant well- qualified to analyze socio-political condi- tions, was commissioned to do a private re- port on Dutch attitudes toward the United States. Here are some of his comments: "The [extreme radical] complex embraces a very small section of the young people. Their somewhat wanton anarchy is rejected by most young people, but their sociocritical ideas have become the common property of the younger generation. Also older people have been led to thought and have become uncertain. Dismayed by overpopulation [Hol- land is the most densely populated industrial nation in the world], frustrated by a world- wide moral and religious crisis, made radical by their powerlessness in regard to all sorts of problems, their own and international, they are confronted evening-in and evening- out by the often glib and emotional radical- ism of the TV commentators.... "The virtues Inherent in social critcism are at present the monopoly of the political left in Holland (and in Europe). This means that the leftist parties can find in the United States an ideal target, a self-evident bogey, directed at the maintenance of the estab- lished position of institutions such as the army, capitalism, big business, etc., and thus opposed to renewal, anti-intellectual, violent, against participation, etc. "The illustrated self-criticism of the United States which is obtainable every- where supplies ample and damaging mate- rial to strengthen this latter picture." AN EVIL PLACE RuN BY EVIL MEN (By Merrill Panitt) Sweden has the most blatantly anti-Ameri- can television this side of the Iron Curtain. We were introduced to it one quiet Sunday evening in Stockholm, when an English les- son appeared on our hotel-room screen. It featured a man, a boy and a sketchbook. The man asked, "What is this?" and held up a drawing of a pretty girl standing in front of the Eiffel Tower. "That's easy," said the boy. "She is French." "What is this?" Picture of a happy boy bundled up against the snow. Background: the Kremlin. "That's easy. He is Russian." "What is this?" Picture of a fat, ugly man chewing on a huge cigar. He was wearing a big cowboy hat, an aloha shirt, and shorts revealing hairy legs. Draped from his shoulders were two cameras. "That's easy. He is American." It is the contention of many of those work- ing in Swedish television that the medium should not just inform, it should educate and mold public opinion, It is molding public opinion against America. Take educational television, directed to. ward school children. Among the treats en- joyed by first- to fifth-grade youngsters was a two-part atrocity film from North Vietnam showing the alleged results of American bombing. Recently geography books were distributed to children to be used as texts for in-school telecasts. The cover of the book on the Soviet Union bears an Innocuous picture of the Kremlin. The cover of the book on the United States is a picture of unhappy black children behind a fence. "On Swedish television," says Lars Winburg whose business takes him to the United States on occasion, "America is an evil, place run by evil men with evil intent." News from America, bad enough usually in its original form, is edited to make it appear worse. Thus film footage.on the Selma, Ala., march was edited to show only blacks walking, and whites jeering from the side- lines. There were no pictures of the whites who joined in the march. In coverage of our last national election only anti-Administra- tion candidates were interviewed. American civil-rights legislation is rarely, if ever, mentioned. (School textbooks, printed in 1960, don't cover the subject either.) Dollar imperialism is one word, like damn- yankee. Our technological and space achieve- ments are shown, but commentators dwell on the question of why is it that Americans can go to the moon if they can't solve their problems on earth. The death of Whitney Young, head of the National Urban League, went unnoticed on Swedish television. So did the efforts of NAACP director Roy Wilkins to combat efforts by black separatists to have separate facili- ties on college campuses. But Stokely Car- michael is a fixture on Swedish television, and the Black Panthers are given so much time that. many Swedish people believe it is the only American organization that speaks for blacks. When Ralph Abernathy, head of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, arrived in Sweden and appeared at a press conference, he was promptly labeled "Uncle Tom." He told the reporters that to judge from Swedish me J, the Black Panthers were Black Americ . "Look," he said, "there are more people a my Sunday sermon in Atlanta than ther are Black Panthers in all of the United Sates." No Swedish news- paper, or television newscast, carried the quote. As for Angela Dais, it has long since been concluded that she will be found guilty-if the Americans bother to bring her to trial. The Swedish plea i that she be given politi. cal asylum outside he United States. There is a mild j~ke about Sweden having stereo television-t o channels on the left. Actually, many pe pie refer to Channel 2 as the Red Channel. because it's not easy to separate the news from the editorial com- ments there, and hannel 2 has even more of a tendency tha Channel 1 to edit news to fit what the rren in the news depart- ments like to believ. Who are the m n In the news depart- ments? According o a leading Channel 2 television produce who asked not to be identified. "It is a floating, seemingly intel- lectual, unreal peo le who are the basis for recruitment into th . news department. They are not only left, th y're professionally left- slightly anarchistic "I don't know ow the people here at Channel 2 vote, bu I would say very many of them are to the ft of the party in power [which is left of nter]. I doubt that the political pattern is presentative of the peo- ple in general. If u have a conglomerate of intellectual aid young-very, very young-staff at Channel 2, it will stand more to the left. at means that the atti- tude toward Ameri a is not only based on the Vietnam war bu it reaches a little deeper to the fact that merica is a capitalistic country." Sweden is a welfare state, with the state owning transportati n, communications and the nation's largest iron mine. Other busi- neses operate unde the private-enterprise system. Taxes are a tremely high. A. family man earning $10,0011 a year must pay more than $4,000 in taxes to support state health, education, pension housing subsidy and other welfare measures. While many neces- sities of life are covered by welfare, the aver- age family can afford meat only once a week. There is concern i the government about "tax fatigue." Sweden, incidentally, is experiencing unem- ployment and infl tion problems. Taking into account thou ands of people work- ing on emergency vernment projects, the total unemployed Sure pins to about 3.1 per cent of the 3. million working force, which is critically hi h by Swedish standards. -Television is goy nment chartered, with each set owner paying a license fee of $40 a year. For this he as two channels of tele- vision on the air each evening and educa- tional television for this children during the day. . The preoccupation) with what is going on in America, and what Americo, is doing wrong in international rel tions, is almost to be expected. There are ight million Swedes in Sweden, about 12 ml.llion people of Swedish descent in the United States. Over a period of 50 years, about a quarter of Sweden's pop- ulation emigrated to America. And the Swedes themselves toast. "We are the most American nation o side of America." Dr. Leif Carlsson, leading political com- mentator and head Of the cultural depart- ment of the news r Svenska Dagbladet, is also a member of the Royal Control Board of the Swedish Broadc sting Corporation. We asked him whether the Swedish people were getting a balanced picture of the United States through then television. His reply: "Not quite, I'm afraid." In straight news, s ch as a speech by Pres- ident Nixon, he said, the people usually do get objective news. I Approved For Release 2005/01/05 : CIA-RDP74B00415R000600110023-5 Approved For Release 2005/01/05 : CIA-RDP74B00415R000600110023-5 May 25, 1972 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE "In one certain sense, however," he said, "the picture is unbalanced. Some phenomena in American life have been stressed out of all proportion--such as the Black Panther party, the black-power movement, even the antiwar movement. If the Swedish public were to create their picture of the American social scene in its broadest sense from Swed- ish television-as of course the Swedish public must do in most cases-there is a risk that they must overlook the central fact that there are important developments in the United States other than the Black Panther party, that there are indeed political thinkers other than Eldridge Cleaver. "My fundamental impression," he said, "is that these extreme and marginal phenome- na-important as they are-are given in Swedish television a role out of all proportion to what they in reality are." Dr. Carlsson said some of his personal friends who are television producers have radical leanings and would be proud to ad- mit it--especially the young ones, and there are a great many young ones. "I have the impression," he said, "that there is emerging a new type of TV journal- ists, who have the honest and honorable conviction that it is their duty to do the good thing, the head the good forces of the world. To knock the United States. To play Americans down and help what they regard as the true cause of the American people, the American people being more or less un- consciously identified with the black com- munity of the United States and the student population. They are presenting what I re- gard as a distorted picture of the United States but of course they regard it as a true picture of the United States. They present this obviously distorted picture because out of very serious convictions they think that this is the right thing to do." It is also the right 'thing to do, by their standards, to offer viewers a three-part prop- aganda series from Cuba, propaganda films from North Korea and North Vietnam, even material from the Argentine underground. The Soviet Union, on Swedish television, is pictured as an essentially peaceful nation, with such episodes as the marches into Hun- gary and Czechoslovakia classified as "ex- ceptions." In contradiction to this picture, the Soviet Union is, however, attacked vig- orously.on these "exceptions," as well as on its lack of intellectual freedom, treatment of the Jews and persecution of writers such as Solzhenitsyn. Other members of the Soviet bloc come in for criticism too on matters of personal and intellectual freedom. Still, if anyone kept score, the U.S. would undoubtedly win the "most often criticized by the Swedes" prize. Journalists in Sweden are protected by a press law which forbids interference with their creative efforts. An American reporter told us that the worst job in the country must be that of a managing editor: "He can't manage because of the labor laws. [It's al- most impossible to fire anyone.] And he can't edit because of the press laws." These laws also apply to television, and one television director sued the director gen- eral of Swedish broadcasting because some scenes had been cut out of one of his pro- grams. The film director won the case in a lower court, but much to the relief of broad- casting executives, a higher court reversed the decision. By law, television programs must be "Im- partial." Hakan Unsgaard, the head of Chan- nel 1, cited this law several times when we questioned him as to whether he thought Swedish television was being fair to the United States. In effect he said it was fair because the law said it had to be. He made much of the fact that they get most of their material about the United States from American networks. If there is more emphasis on problems than anything else, that is perfectly natural in news cov- erage, he said. Unsgaard is a, member of a group that supervises the journalism school in Stock- holm. "Within the last two or three years," he said, "graduates of the school have had the idea that they not only have to describe what's happening in the old who, what, when, where, why tradition, but they also have an ambition to change the society by their writing." He also made the point that there is an interaction among the various media. "You have in the Swedish press and radio and in books, the debate about the United States, especially about the United States in Viet- nam. That, of course, is also reflected in Swedish television programs. If the press is critical of America, television is likely to be." The press is critical of America. It is al- most a competition to see who can paint the most unfavorable picture. There was the celebrated case of Glanton Dowdell, an American black who jumped bail on savings-bond forgery charges and fled to Sweden. There he became a public hero on television and in the press by claiming that he was being persecuted because he was a labor leader and that he would be killed if he returned to the United States. An Amer- ican attempt to extradite him failed, Finally a Swedish paper sent a reporter to Detroit was no labor leader, that he had a long police record that his story was rediculous. The paper printed the facts, but it might just as well not have because it kept right on refer- ring to Dowdell as, a labor leader who was being persecuted by the United States. An American took the paper's editor to lunch and asked why, If Dowdell had been proved a fraud, he still was being described in news stories.as a persecuted labor leader. "Because," he replied, "any editor who did not handle the stories that way would lose his credentials as a radical in the Stockholm journalistic "community." The American expressed amazement. "Are you saying to me that it's more important to you as a journalist and editor to be con- sidered a good radical than to be correct in what you print?" Answer: "Yes." This kind of thinking is difficult for most Americans living in Sweden to understand. Some of them call television stations after particularly insulting and inaccurate pro- grams and try to set the record straight. They find few people interested in facts. "If this country were to be a book," one exasperated observer said, "it would have to be written by Lewis Carroll or Joseph Heller. It's all either 'Alice in Wonderland' or 'Catch 22'." Oddly enough, polls show that there still is a great reservoir of good will toward America in Sweden. Asked where they would want to live if they had to leave Sweden, more Swedes picked the United States than any other country. But there is, perhaps, something ominous in the fact that a larger percentage of Swedes over 25 than under 25 wanted to live in the United States. Tele- vision may be having its effect on young people. At least that is the contention of many Americans in Stockholm. One, Gunnar Ras- mussen. who heads Pan Am Airways in Sweden, says he has seen a change in attitude toward him and his family, since the current anti-America kick started in about 1966. "I'm certain this television propaganda is having a big influence in changing their opinion of America," he said. "Over the 11 years I've been here I have seen the change. And the opinion that some of the youngsters have of us is absolutely unbelievable." James Everett, an American public rela- tions man, spent a number of years in Sweden, where his two teen-age daughters were happy that they spoke the language so well they could pass as Swedes in school. "They were almost ashamed of being Ameri- can," Everett said. "To be an American in S8471 Sweden, living in a Swedish environment, is like being a Negro in a WASP community. That may be a bit harsh, but you do have that feeling there." The problem is a serious one. American Ambassador Jerome H. Holland does a great deal of traveling and speaking around Sweden and is considered by Americans there to be our strongest asset in countering the leftist propaganda. But because this bril- liant diplomat is black and holds high gov- ernment office, he frequently is accused by the leftists of being an "Uncle Tom." Be scored well in two television appearances (Swedish TV felt it had to balance those appearances later by running what amounted to a Soviet bloc documentary-film festival), but the job of restoring American prestige will be long and difficult-especially among the young who have neither close familial ties with America nor personal knowledge of America's role in two European wars. We were told that things are not as bad now as they were before the major with- drawals of American troops from Indo-China. We were told that Sweden's unemployment and inflation problems were centering the attention of the media more and more on her own problems rather than those of the United States. We were told that we had ar- rived during National Vietnam Week (Slo- gan: "Get U.S. out of Vietnam") and that it was an unusually mild one-only three or four television programs on the subject dur- ing the entire week. It is good to be told that America is being treated more kindly these days on Swedish television. But to these eyes there still seems to be quite a way to go before anything re- sembling balance is achieved. To LET EUROPE SEE US AS WE ARE (By Merrill Panitt) Anti-Americanism is a fact of life in Eu- rope. The bias is quite evident on television and there is little doubt that presenting a negative picture of America is a labor of love for young leftists with access to the medium. According to Jean-Francois Revel, the mid- dle-of-the-road socialist whose "Without Marx or Jesus" proposes new guidelines for leftist thinking, there are two varieties of anti-Americanism and both of them share a single function: to explain failure. "For the anti-American of the right, the de- cline of his own country has been caused by the inordinate increase of American power; that increase has been made possible by the decline of the other great powers. For the anti-American of the left, the absence, or the failure, of socialist revolutions is what must be explained, and the invention of a foreign scapegoat provides a much-needed balm for the ego of the left, which has been bruised by so many defeats and betrayals. American 'im- perialism,' therefore, is as good an excuse for disappointed socialism as for frustrated na- tionalism." According to Donald Wayne, an American editor now in London writing a book on Eu- ropean anti-Americanism, it is no new phenomenon. He says one of the worst periods was in the 1920s, when Europeans thought of us as a predatory people who invented Prohi- bition and gangsterism, made money out of World War I, and then tried to collect our war debts. "The only Americans they saw were tour- ists," Wayne says, "and the tourists came over here and misbehaved. The attitude of the Eu- ropeans was: 'Look at these people. They have no culture, they're barbarians, and they have everything. And look at us. We have culture, we have status, we have background and we have nothing'." During World War II, Wayne says, Amer- ican GIs were resented because they didn't belong and didn't want to be in Europe. In England, during that war, the British had a saying that the Americans had three faults: "They're overpaid, oversexed and over here." Now, says Wayne Europeans feel that Approved For Release 2005/01/05 : CIA-RDP74B00415R000600110023-5 S 8472 Approved For Release 2005/01/05 : CIA-RDP74B00415R000600110023-5 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -SENATE May 2.1; 1979 for him-or it won't be done. Only good news is released, and, we were told by a number of news chiefs, even that comes In so late as to be useless. Yet the Russians are losing ground among leftists, chiefly because they do not dare to turn their cameras-and permit foreign newsmen to turn their cameras-on every facet of what is happening in the Soviet Union. If their system Is superior to that of the Americans, the young leftists are asking, why don't they let us see it as the Americans let us see theirs? And cameras or no, wall of silence or no, the bad news seeps out. The Soviet economy is a shambles, production is shaky, creative thought is stifled. Today's young leftists in Europe are not satisfied with theory. They want to see practical application of theory- and in the case of the Soviet bloc today, the theory of communism is not working well. All this deosn't make the young European leftists like America more than the Soviet Union, but it does make them respect our country more. What appears to be our great weakness abroad-continued publicity about America's troubles-has turned out to be our strongest asset. No matter how loudly or how often American dissidents shout on European tele- vision about loss of freedom in the United States, the newscasts every evening prove they are wrong. Our freedom of information is real and apparent, and the point is driven home every time an American demonstration appears on a European screen, every time a Presidential hopeful condemns the Adniin- istration. Like most Americans. we have wondered about all the downbeat news featured on the evening newscasts. We have been concerned about the effect of all this negative informa- tion on our own people and on people abroad who might see it-especially people who are not accustomed to American-style self-critic- ism in their own journalists' treatment of their own countries' problems. There obviously is no simple answer. But we do know that in America, television ex- posure of black demands for equality have- at very least-contributed to the tremend- ous strides toward equality made by black Americans during the past decade. Television brought us student demonstrations for par- ticipation in college administrations. At least some of those demands have -been satisfied. Television coverage of the war in Vietnam undoubtedly influenced our entire Nation's attitude toward that war. And it is evident that television exposure of the dangers of pollution helped bring about government ac- tion to curb pollution. Thus, whip it is not pleasant to look at bad news-and all the subjects mentioned above appeared on our screens as bad news- tne broadcasting of that news does help bring about change. The ability to change is one of the basic strengths of our democracy. Tele- vision speeds change. As for the effect of our bad news on Fn- roreans, we have recently discussed the sub- lect in detail with Americans overseas and with executives in charrre of television news In Britain, Sweden, Holland, Belgium and Ere nee. And we are more than ever convinced that daily proof of our freedom of informa- tion annearing on European screens-in con- trast to Soviet censorshin-is definitely help- inc to reduce Soviet influence there. All this does not make us any more popu- lar in Europe, nor does it convince the young leftists on television that our system is to be admired, but it does make them shrug in resignation when one asks about Russia, and it does bring the statement from many of them that "Russia is hopeless." As a result they turn to other brands of socialism as practiced by Mao and Tito, to the philosophy of Marcuse, or even to the new leftist theory that the working man has made more prog- ress in America than anywhere else and that the freedom, the culture and the technologi- cal ability of Am rica make It the only pos- sible place where a socialist world revolution could begin. . The anti-Americanism evident on televi- sion In some countries, the criticism of Amer- ica evident in oth irs, is a cause for concern, we were informed, at the "highest levels of our Government.'? Only on Swedish televi- sion does there appear to be real animosity toward the United States. In the other countries we visit(d, there were varying de- grees of bias shown-frequently in some places, rarely in. others. But the inescapable fact is that in eac country there are a great many leftists in levision who, even if they don't like Russia, dbhor capitalism and want to show America in the poorest possible light. So far, at least, this leftist sentiment in television news departments does not repre- sent the thinking of the majority of viewers In those countries" It is important !that these viewers respect the United Stated. One cannot hope, con- sidering the fact o$ the Vietnam war and the international moves we have hadto make to strengthen our economy, that Europeans would love us be pro-American. Anti- America is in economic trouble because of the Vietnam war and we expect Europe to help pay the bills for it. Among other things, they also blame us for the hippies who invaded Eu- rope and the drug problem they now face. Whatever the causes, the effect is criticism of America and Americans in all media, and especially on television, where young leftists find various means of spotlighting our real and imagined failings. We are also the vic- tims of what Joseph Luns, former foreign minister of the Netherlands and now chief of NATO, describes as "selective indignation." Somehow, he says, "people get terribly excited about a Greek soldier putting a bomb under the car of his commander and feel he shouldn't be executed, but the fact that 110 young people have been murdered at the Berlin wall by the GDR [German Democratic Republic] apparently makes no impression. No attention is paid when China wipes out an independent country, while the Free An- gola Committee looks under every stone and sometimes under nonexistent stones." There is a definite tendency, we were told by news chiefs in Britain, Sweden, Holland, Belgium and France, for young people who espouse leftist political causes to go into television news. Many of them feel it is their mission to educate as well as Inform their viewers, and, America being capitalistic, some of the "education" takes the form of dis- crediting America. Certainly they do not have to look far for material that shows this country In a bad light. Film from American network news- casts-of antiwar demonstrations, racial dis- orders, strikes, every one of America's prob- lems-ls available throughout Europe by plane or satellite on a daily basis. That is the nature of news. "The wane thing is true of us," says Ray Scherer, NBC's London cor- respondent. "We cover Northern Ireland, and the stuff that gets on the air is the rough stuff. If there's something fairly peaceful or something that involves their Parliament, it's hard to get it on. We try, but it's hard to get it on." Good news is no news. Then, too, there are the network public- affairs programs that analyze America's trou- bles for American viewers. These are offered for sale abroad. On foreign screens, far from the daily routine of normal life in America, viewed by eyes that cannot possibly place those problems in an accurate perspective, these programs spotlight an America in the throes of dissent and confusion. A case in point is the Vietnam war, seen on European screens just as it was here-filmed by American network teams for American audiences personally concerned with what American soldiers, their sons, were doing. Only rarely did European television organi- zations feelIt necessary to assume the ex- pense and trouble of sending their own cam- era teams to Vietnam to film the war from the persepective of non-participating Eu- ro neans. Americans, Influenced largely, we believe, by what they saw on television, eventually turned against the war. But until relatively recently, Gallup polls showed more than half of the American people supporting it. Euro- peans saw and were influenced by the same coverage, but they were not involved in the controversy-the two-sided controversy- ovu_-~r the war that was raging in America. When ani.iwar demonstrations started, Euro- peans were first puzzled, then angered, over our continued presence in Vietnam. in sharp contrast to our continuing com- pulsion to tell the world all that is happen- in America, the Russians maintain a wall of silence. It is all but impossible for Eu- r_ . can broadcasters to obtain spot-news footage from the Soviet Union or the Soviet bloc. Documentaries that present anything Lut wildly laudatory descriptions of life and production under Communism are unavail- abe. If a broadcaster wants to cover an aspect of the Soviet Union, the Russians will do it Americanism, ace runs too deep for reasons why it is t )rding to many experts, that. But there are good esirable that they respect us. International relations once were based entirely upon military and economic require- ments. Diplomats conducted their negotia- tions in private on !,the basis of those require- ments. This is no longer possible. A new requirement-public attitude-has been added. Sometimes It is possible for leaders to manipulate thel public attitude--but not always. It might have been advantageous to open relations with mainland China five or 10 ready. Its attitude continued to oppc American public was not was such that our leaders e China's entry into the Visits by Soviet 'eaders Brezhnev and Ko- sygin to other cou tries have as one of their purposes the fostering of good will among the people of thus countries. Certainly it mak s it easier for us to nego- tiate with the lead of a country if he knows his people are favorably disposed toward us----or that they a least respect us. Today television as the most pervasive communications odium, can be used as a tool for creating o destroying good will to- ward the United States. It may be that American entertainment programs seen on 'European televisida are helping us. Our travel and antipoll tion documentaries cer- tainly show up on tf ie positive side. The United States Information Agency offers what it termt "facilitative assistance" to European TV eainera teams interested in positive aspects of America. In the case of countries with meer television budgets, we sometimes offer all monetary grants to help them cover medical research, engineering develo?ments or whatever sub- ject interests then)). The budget for this is small, however, anki not too much can be done. Perhaps the most important result of this program is to ?live foreign television news specialists an oppox unity to see the United States for themselves, to observe at first hand the America they hive been talking about on TV. To many it is a kevelatlon. On the whole, European news an public-affairs specialists go back home aft. visiting America with a much more balance picture of our country. And they are mor likely to present their viewers with a more balanced picture. The USIA also prc}iuces some film for tele- vision which its offices overseas offer without charge to European television broadcasters. By far the most effective material available to Europeans is in the form of network pub- Approved For Release 2005/01/05 : CIA-RDP74B00415R000600110023-5 May 25, 1972 Approved For Release 2005/01/05: CIA-RDP74B00415R000600110023-5 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -SENATE S8473 experience real fear about what they will find there. "Imagine," they say, "what effect this dis- torted picture has on Europeans who have no frame of reference, no background of life in America to balance what they see on tele- vision." More important, perhaps, imagine a future in which our leaders must deal with a new generation of European leaders conditioned to believe that our system is no longer viable, our national morality is despicable and our people are disunited. The picture is not entirely black. Our comedy and variety-entertainment shows picture a happier America, and our Western shoot-'em ups, are generally accepted as pure fiction-even if there is some doubt about crime programs. (A Polish television execu- tive, it is reported, was taken to task for not being anti-American enough. He promptly satisfied his bosses by scheduling The Un- touchables.) There are also such inescapable news events as the Apollo flights wich present America and its society in a more favorable light. Finally, there are signs that In a few coun- tries, at least, those in control of television realize that they may have gone too far-or permitted their subordinates to go too far- in presenting a malignant view of the United States. Now and then there are efforts to counter the preponderance of negative news and current-affairs programs by showing positive aspects of the apparently ailing colossus across the Atlantic. In the past two and a half years, Ameri- cans in France have witnessed a near about- face in television's once venomous attitude toward their country. But they still were pleasantly surprised recently when a news- caster discounted a tirade about American injustice from Angela Davis's sister, Fania, by carefully pointing out that Angela Davis has so far been extended every possible right provided by the United States Constitution. That sort of balance is certainly an excep- tion in Europe today. And the reality of tele- vision news and current affairs abroad is such that even if there were a conscious effort on the part of television officials to be fair to the United States-and we cannot find too much evidence of that-it wopild be extreme- ly difficult to do so. Here are some of the reasons: 1. Much of the American news that reaches European television screens is bad news. Ed Murrow said, "Good news is no news." A Dutch television executive prefers: "When the garbage is collected it isn't news." What- ever definition one chooses-or invents-the fact remains that unless an event or hap- lie-affairs shows and. documentaries which are offered for sale abroad by the networks. Some of these treat American problems-- "The Selling of the Pentagon," "Hunger in America," specials on the Attica prison riot, and similar programs. The networks also turn out many positive programs, but in most cases it is the negative ones that make the best programming because they are newsy and controversial. It is therefore easier to sell the negative ones to foreing broadcasters whose budgets permit them to buy only a few programs from our networks. Suggestions have been offered on how to make the more positive network public-af- fairs programs available to European tele- vision. One is to provide USIA with sufficient funds to buy foreign television rights to a number of American network public-affairs programs. The film then could be made avail- able as complete programs or as source ma- terial, segments of which could be used in programs produced by Europeans. Another suggestion is to provide some sort of tax relief for the networks if they would agree to turn over foreign rights to at least some of their public-affairs shows to the USIA. Certainly some means must be found to provide positive programming about America to European broadcasters without charge. The advantage of using network programs Is that they would be free of any stigma of propaganda. American companies with major invest- ments in Europe might also consider the wis- dom of sponsoring documentaries about America for use on our own networks and for distribution overseas without charge. Bell Telephone did this with a program titled "It Couldn't Be Done," which has been seen in some 129 countries, to good effect. If a pro- gram is interesting enough to be shown on American television first, it is less likely to be considered propaganda by foreign broad- casters. It goes without saying that bad news is unfortunate, as are programs that reveal negative aspects of our country. But for our own good, for the sake of our own change and progress, we must continue to examine and criticize our faults. And we cannot, even if we would, prevent this negative information from going overseas for it is shining proof of our freedom, of our desire to change and to improve our society. All we can hope to do is to present a more balanced picture. To make certain that the positive is shown along with the negative. To let Europe see us as we really are. AMERICA OUT OF Focus: HOW-AND WHY- EUROPEAN TELEVISION DISTORTS OUR IMAGE (By Merrill Panitt) As seen in television news and current- affairs programs in much of Europe, the United States of America is a horrifying country. It is seen as imperialistic and warlike, bent on dominating Southeast Asia and. the emerging countries of Africa, which it is pre- paring to exploit. It is described as a place where blacks live in near-slavery, despite the admirable efforts of the only organization that represents them-the much-persecuted Black Panthers. It is alleged to be plagued with poverty be- cause capitalists want it that way. The threat of poverty helps them exploit workers. It is pictured as forcing millions of young people, concerned about Vietnam, crime and pollution, to turn to hard drugs. . It is projected as a corrupt, dangerous place where walking on the streets-any- where and everywhere-is an invitation to be robbed and/or murdered. The impact of all this on viewers is so strong, so pervasive, that even loyal Ameri- cans working abroad confess that each time they are scheduled to go home on leave they pening Is unusual, it isn't news. And more often than not, an unusual event means bad news. American journalism has a muck-raking tradition. More than any other people, we dote on self-criticism. Our television, our newspapers, our literature, our art, all reveal the nature of our discontent with the way things are. Whether this self-criticism is a major factor or a minor one in America's growth and power is a subject for philoso- phers to determine. Certainly, however, it has not hampered our progress. While there is some self-criticism in Euro- pean countries, nowhere is it such a basic characteristic of journalism as in the United States. Nowhere is muckraking 'present to the degree it is in American journalism. Our television news programs, like our news- papers, are concerned with what Is wrong with our government structure, our leaders, our prisons, schools, roads, automobiles, race relations, traffic systems, pollution laws- every facet of our society. In Europe, there is much less emphasis on exposing what is wrong, much more satisfaction with the status quo. The difference between a French journalist and an American journalist, it has been said, is this: the American will dig up a scandal, write the story, and print it. The French journalist will dig up the story and tell you about it over dinner. Not long ago French Premier Chaban- Delmas made a walking tour of Nanterre, a deplorable slum bordering Neuilly, one of Paris's most exclusive and expensive suburbs. The hovels of Nanterre are made of discarded oil cans, and the inhabitants, most of them foreign laborers, cook their meager meals over open fires. Journalists made a big thing of the Prime Minister's visit and his state- ment that something had to be done. But there was little mention of the slum until the Prime Minister's visit. He made it news- really news, because unlike America, whree politicians seek out troubled areas, Europe- ans prefer to find unhappiness farther from home. While American newsmen dig for trouble and bring it to the attention of the public, European newsmen are more likely to confine their reporting to what has happened. Be- cause European viewers are not conditioned to a great deal of self-criticism in their own countries, American self-criticism-always evident on their screens-has great impact . on them. To them, America is a morass of unsolvable problems, whereas their own countries-according to the same channels that dwell on American troubles-are rela- tively trouble-free. A little unemployment here and there, growing resentment against laborers imported from Portugal, Turkey and Northern Africa, some difficulty over rising taxes, but generally all is well. 2. Europeans are avidly interested in news of America. In the five countries we recently visited-England, Sweden, the Netherlands, Belgium and France-interest in America was exceeded only by each country's own national news. This is understandable. America is where the action is. Decisions affecting the peace of the world are made here, as are decisions involving world trade. Our music is inter- national, as is our literature, our dance, our art. Technological advances, more often than not, originate in America. So do troubles. Pollution is certainly nothing new to Europe, whose rivers have turned up millions of dead fish at various times throughout the past couple of cen- turies, and whose cities are just as smoggy as ours. But our communications media started talking-and worrying-about pol- lution before the European media did. Whether it be pollution, racial strife, stu- dent unrest, crowded roads, technological unemployment or anything else, Europeans see in the news of American woes a portent of many of the very problems that will be affecting them in a few months or a few years. America, too, is the bulwark against the Russians. She came to Europe's aid twice in major wars and can surely be counted on to do so again if the need should' arise. Many believe that General de Gaulle pulled France out of NATO because he was absolutely cer- tain that in the event of trouble, the United States would have to come to France's aid- whether France was in or out of NATO. That left De Gaulle free to play a lone hand in world politics and build his own armed forces any way he wanted to. After World War II the United States played a major part in the rebuilding of Europe. American taxpayers paid for some $9 billion in nonmilitary foreign aid in just the five countries we visited. What happens in America, then, and what happens to America, are of vital interest to Europeans. That is why their television car- ries much more news of the United States than any other foreign country. 3. Most of what appears on European tele- vision about the United States originates at ABC, CBS, NBC or PBS. A few countries maintain permanent correspondents In Washington and New York who are on hand Approved For Release 2005101/05 : CIA-RDP74B00415R000600110023-5 S 8474 Approved For Release 2005/01/05 : CIA-RDP74B00415R000600110023-5 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE May 25, 197 to cover the top news events and to offer commentary. Occasionally special camera teams are sent to the United States to do specific programs. But day in and day out, the bulk of American material for European evening news programs comes from our net- works and is delivered by plane or by satel- lite. Network current-events programming- from "The Selling of the Pentagon" and "Hunger in America" to "Who Invited Us?" and "Attica"-appears either in original hour-long form or as film segments of Euro- pean programs. In Holland, for example, film from "Who Invited Us?" the controversial PBS docu- mentary on American incursions into other countries, was used in a program titled "America the Beautiful." A Dutch televisor magazine ran this description of it: "Clips from film archives, quotes from politicians, authors and military men. Fragments of movies and TV commercials telling the story of the myth and the reality of 'God's own country' which is always the subject of ad- miration, disgust, illusions, dreams and nightmares in ever-changing form. Genocide and slavery were the roots of America's riches. Poverty is nowhere as aching as it is in America." What we consider to be a story of interest only to Americans on tonight's network newscast will, if it's big enough or exciting enough, usually turn up on the air in a dozen European countries later tonight or perhaps tomorrow. Whether it be an anti- war demonstration, a prison riot, a politi- cian's attack on the Administration or any other news-and it's generally bad or it wouldn't be news-the film will appear. Seen by foreigners, it will be out of context, free of the balance and perspective pro- vided by living in America and knowing what normal life here actually is. In the words of Pierre Desgraupes, chief of news and current-affairs programming at the largest of the two French networks, we Americans are the "victims of our own vir- tue." It is our cherished-and greatly en- vied-freedom of information that may be exaggerating our troubles in the eyes of many Europeans, leading them to believe we are a nation on the brink of disaster. But while it may make us its victims, this virtue also is our most effective weapon against the Soviet Union in European com- munications. Even the most hitter critics of America throw up their hands in disgust at the rigid control of news exercised by the Russians. Newscasters describing an Apollo launch take delight in pointing out that the Soviets release censored film or tape on a launch only after it has gone off success- fully, while the Americans permit live coverage. Asked why they don't run as much ma- terial about the Soviet Union as they do about America, European news chiefs reply that it's impossible, the Russians insist up- on supervising all filming, and that is un- acceptable to the news chiefs. As for what the Russians themselves offer, it's mostly parades and events of little news value. The contrast between the American and Russian approaches to news is evident on European television. Despite the image dis- tortion inherent in revealing-out of con- text-our most critical problems to the world, nothing stands out more clearly and more lastingly than American freedom of information. This, we were told by televi- sion news executives in each country we visited, is our strongest asset. Whether this is an intellectual exercise or not remains to be seen. Is the message of the freedom of our communications media enough to outweigh the detailing of Amer- ica's problems night after night on Eu- ropean television? The answer may be in the fact that even though they are thor- oughly familiar with all that is wrong with America, the great majority of Europeans, young and old, keep insisting in public- opinion polls that, given their choice of any country other than their own, they would prefer to live in the United States. 4. The final reason why balance and fairness in treatment of America is all but impossible today in the countries we visited is the political thinking of the men en- gaged in television news and current-events programming there. There is a tendency for young people to hold political views further to the left than those of the majority of a country's voters, There also Is a tendency for those interested in communications arts---dramna, literature, painting, television, news-to hold political views further to the left than those of the majority of a country's voters. In Britain, France, Sweden, Holland and Belgium, young people are in the majority in television news and current-affairs de- partments. Most of them lean to the left. They freely admit this as do their supe- riors. "Left" can mean anything from a middle- of-the-road member of the Socialist Party to Communist, Maoist or anarchist. Whatever their beliefs, the United States represents many of the things-they like least-capital- ism, the war in Vietnam, racial unrest. They are not particularly happy with what's going on in their own countries-or in the Soviet Union, for that matter--but for one reason or another it is usually easier, and safer, to criticize the Usited States. Obviously there is less difficulty in analyz- ing someone else's faults than one's own. For years we told the British how to solve their colonial problems. Only a few weeks ago Sen. Ted Kennedy informed them that they ought to withdraw from Northern Ire- land. The further away a problem is, and the less we know about it, the easier it is to solve. It probably would not be fair, in the case of most of the live countries we visited, to describe television news and current-events criticism of the United States as clearly in- tentional anti-Americanism. But slanted documentaries, one-sided film editing, edi- torial asides during news programs, ridicule, half-truths and outright lies are evidence of at least a bias against America. The form of bias is different, as is its in- tensity, in each of the five countries. In France, it was just barely evident, a far different situation from the one that ob- tained at the height of the De Gaulle re- gime. After France, in order of increasing bias against America on television, we would list Belgium, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands and-most biased of all- Sweden. We have listed four major reasons why it would be difficult for European television news and current-affairs programs to present a completely well-balanced picture of America to their viewers. Difficult or not, it could be done. At least there might he a more equitable balance between the positive and negative aspects of the United States if more European television executives were inclined to make an effort in that direction. Some of this bias is, perhaps, understand- able. We are big and rich and strong. We have undoubtedly made some mistakes in our international relations, as have most na- tions. But our mistakes receive more atten- tion than theirs. Now we seem to Europeans to be getting our comeuppance in Vietnam and in our economic situation. It is always satifying to see the big fellow in trouble. Dwelling on his troubles-out of frequently proclaimed friendship-makes interesting television. But some of the bitterness evidenced on home screens in the countries we visited could have serious consequences. A genera- tion brought up on television programming that presents a distorted picture of the Unit- ed States could cause serious trouble in the future. Public pinion today is a tremend- ously importan factor in the conduct of foreign affairs, p rhaps as important as mili- tary and economic considerations. That is why bas shown against the Unit- ed States on European television, a medium of unequaled otional Impact upon its audience, is cau ing serious concern in the highest circles o the American Government. The PRESI5ING OFFICER. Who yields time? I Mr. FULBR GHT. Mr. President, I yield myself 5 linutes. The PRESID G OFFICER. The Sen- ator from Arkansas is recognized for 5 minutes. Mr. FULBRI 7111T. Mr. President, the pending amend ent would put the Sen- ate on record saying: "Yes, we think it is perfectly proper for the U.S. In- formation Age 'y to serve as the mouth- piece of forei n governments and to propagandize foreigners in the name of, and on behalf f, private corporations." In this fiscal year the USIA admits to a budget of nearly $2 million. for pro- paganda aid t the Thieu government. And I suspect that this is only a small fraction of th total cost. If Senators want the United States to continue to be the mouthpiece for General Thieu's gov- ernment or any; other government, they should vote for this amendment. If Sen- ators think the United States should let other governments speak for themselves to its own p ople, they should vote against the ame ldment. The members; of the Foreign Relations Committee do not believe that our Gov- ernment should be the handmaiden of every foreign I government and U.S. corporation ope ating overseas by under- writing their p opaganda for their own people. The provision approved by the com- mittee, which the Senator from Tennes- see's amendment would strike, simply says that no G vement agency shall, without specific authorization: First. Prepay or disseminate propa- ganda for, on behalf of, or in the name of, a foreign government; or Second. Prepare information for distri- bution abroad unless it bears the name of the agency involved. How, may I a k, does the Senator from Tennessee's co cept of the proper role for the USIA a )road fit in with the so- called Nixon doctrine? Somehow, while I never have hi d a clear explanation of the Nixon doc rine, I thought it had something to d with becoming less in- volved in the affairs of other nations, especially internal affairs. This involve- ment of turning) out propaganda for for- eign governments or under the impri- matur of U.S. corporations, is nowhere authorized in thE! Smith-Mundt Act. And I believe that the authors of this basic statute would bi the first to protest the perversion of h act, if they were here with us. The coi ttee provision, which the amendment proposes to delete, serves to have our ov rseas information pro- gram devote its original purpose of tell- ing the truth a ut the United States. The kind of actices, that were never contemplated ullider the Smith-Mundt Act and have seen revealed in recent years, are broadly described in the com- mittee report: Approved For Release 2005/01/05 : CIA-RDP74B00415R000600110023-5 Approved For Release 2005/01/05 : CIA-RDP74B00415R000600110023-5 May 25, 19 ~2 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD= SENATE In recent years the Committee was warned of U.S.' Government agencies: Preparing informational materials which have been attributed to foreign governments, such as in the case of Vietnam and Laos; Funding by the Government of Radio Free Europe and Radio Liberty with no attribu- tion to the U.S. Government; Distributing general propaganda materials without attribution to the Government, as in the case of the comic book, "El Desen- gafio," dealing with urban terrorism, and dis- tributed throughout Latin America; and Preparing for and attributing informa- tional materials to private U.S. companies overseas, such as in the case of an investment brochure recently prepared for and attributed to Texaco-Gulf in Ecuador. I continue to quote from the report: These practices are deceptive and serve to undermine the basic tenets of the Informa- tion and Educational Exchange Act of 1948- an Act whose fundamental purpose was and still ought to be to inform the people of other countries about the United States. The examples of unattributed material pre- pared by this or that Federal agency, of covert funding of radio broadcasts to Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union, of propaganda pre- pared by a Government agency and then at- tributed to a foreign government-all of this indicates how far we have strayed from the basic purposes and goals set forth in the 1948 Information Act. We require foreign governments to identify the propaganda they put out in the United States. The very least we can do is to require our own propaganda agency to do likewise when it operates in foreign countries. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The time of the Senator has expired. Mr. FULBRIGHT. Mr. President, I yield myself an additional 2 minutes. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- ator from Arkansas is recognized for an additional 2 minutes. Mr. FULBRIGHT. Mr. President, I urge Senators to approve the policy rec- ommended by the Foreign Relations Committee. Anyone who votes for the amendment should be under no illusions as to what he is endorsing. He is endorsing a policy which says: First, that our Government can do abroad things that we would never allow foreign countries to do here; Second, that we should continue to be the mouthpiece for the Thieu govern- ment-or do the same for the Greek, Brazilian, or Haitian governments, if the executive branch sees fit to do so; and Third, that it is proper to use the tax- payers' money to publish propaganda tracts abroad for, and in the name of, private U.S. corporations. I hope that the Senate will not endorse such a policy. I urge the Senate to defeat this amendment. The sort of practices it would condone go, deeply against the traditions of our free and open society. Mr. President, I ask ' unanimous con- sent to include in the RECORD at this point certain information supplied to the committee by the USIA bearing on this issue, There being no objection, the material was ordered to be Printed in the RECORD, as follows: U.S. INFORMATION AGENCY, AuTHORIZATION HEARINGS, SENATE FOREIGN RELATIONS COM- MITTEE, MARCH 1972 FOR FISCAL YEAR 1973 USIA Response to SFRC Requirement- item 20 (excerpts). Please describe in detail all services ren- dered by the USIA to, or in behalf of, foreign governments in FY 1971, thus far in FY 1972, and proposed for FY 1973, including the esti- mated costs of the services to each country. Following are explanations of abbrevia- tions used in the responses on countries in the East Asia/Pacific area: JUSPAO-Joint U.S. Public Affairs Office ,(Saigon). GVN-Government of Vietnam. CORDS-Civil Operation and Rural De- velopment Support (Joint AID/MIL/State/ USIA organizations in Vietnam). PSYOP-Psychological Operations. VIS--Vietnamese Information Service. RLG-Royal Laotian Government. GKR-Government of the Khmer Republic (Cambodia). RTG-Royal Thai Government. OFFICE OF ASSISTANT DIRECTOR FOR EAST ASIA AND PACIFIC (IEA) Introduction In fulfilling its overseas mission, USIA has been charged with responsibility of working with host country information programs where necessary to achieve our goals. How- ever, USIA's standard operating policy, as stated in an instruction to all overseas posts in 1971, is that we do not provide assistance to host country governments' internal or ex- ternal information programs. In support of overall U.S. foreign policy objectives in Southeast Asia, USIA has currently made ex- ceptions to this policy for the Government of the Khmer Republic (Cambodia) and the Government of the Republic of Viet-Nam. In recent years, assistance and services had also been provided to the Royal Thai Gov- ernment and the Royal Lao Government. Such support to the first government was terminated on May 21, 1971, and to the sec- ond on July 1, 1971. Cambodia (Khmer Republic) Fiscal Year 1971 In an effort to assist the GKR to improve Radio Cambodia, USIA provided a radio en- gineer on temporary duty to survey the con- dition of the radio facilities and make recom- mendations for and initiate emergency im- provements. This service cost to the USIA was about $33,000, of which approximately $15,000 was for test instruments and ground antenna materials (from USIA surplus stocks), and transmitter tubes. In addition to the above monies for the ra- dio improvement project, about $3,000 in USIA funds was also used for printing 160,000 posters and 1,000,000 leaflets designed and distributed by the GKR. Fiscal Year 1972 The GKR initiated a plan for reinforcing its radio coverage in northwestern and southern Cambodia through expansion of fa- cilities at Battambang and Kompong Som. Two transmitters to be used in this project are being procured by the GKR under the Commodity Import Program financed by A. Technical supervision for the installa- tion of the transmitters is being performed by a USIA radio engineer on non-reimbursa- ble detail to the Department of State. Cost to the USIA is approximately $50,000, which includes the salary of the engineer and ex- penses related to his function. USIA plans to authorize JUSPAO in Viet- Nam to transfer one 10-KW radio transmitter (as well as two non-operable transmitters for spare parts) to the GKR to replace one of its Phnom Penh transmitters which is reported 9 $47'5 to be in failing condition. The three items of equipment originally were turned over to JUSPAO by the U.S. Navy in 1970 after their extensive use in airborne transmitter air- craft. Current value of the transmitters is estimated at $1,000. This disposition of used equipment of minimum value, excess to USG needs in Viet-Nam, is believed to be the best utilization of it in view of the GKR's prob- lems in keeping its national radio on the air. In addition to supporting the radio proj- ect, USIA funds were used to procure motion picture raw stock, valued at $150, for the GKR production of a documentary film for domestic use in Cambodia. Fiscal Year 1973 USIA plans to continue to provide a radio engineer on non-reimbursable detail to the Department of State to supervise the com- pletion of the two GKR transmitters at Bat- tambang and Kompong Som about April 1, 1973. Cost to the USIA is estimated at $38,000. USIA has no other plans for pro- viding any assistance to the GKR. Laos (Royal Lao Government) Fiscal year 1971 USIA funds estimated at $36,700 were for three issues of Current Scene magazine, paper for the Lao Photo Sheet, production of 19 reels of motion pictures, and support for RLG cultural teams. Two used USIA vehicles in excess of our needs were donated to the Lao Information Service, with current value estimated at $400 each. Fiscal year 1972 and fiscal year 1973 All programmed advice and assistance to the host country information apparatus have been terminated, but the post intends to continue to be responsive to specific requests for advice. Thailand (Royal Thai Government) Fiscal year 1971 USIA-funded equipment in the estimated amount of $56,416 was provided to the RTG. Equipment included 43 used vehicles (value $22,000), 88 film projectors ($22,968), 46 portable generators ($7,084) and miscella- neous audio-visual items ($4,364). In addition, USIA funds estimated at $63,- 500 were for two regularly-issued magazines (Horizons and Seripharb), posters, training materials, and recordings of materials for radio use. Fiscal year 1972 and fiscal year 1973 As in Laos, all programmed advice and as- sistance to the host country information apparatus have been terminated, but the post intends to continue to be responsive to specific requests for advice. Viet-Nam (Government of the Republic of Viet-Nam) Fiscal year 1971 USIA-funded services provided to or on be- half of the GVN totaled approximately $2,- 560,700. This amount covered the estimated costs of advisory assistance unilaterally to the GVN's Ministry of Information and in- directly to the Vietnamese Information Serv- ice by support of joint USG-GVN programs through CORDS. American salaries (for 26 advisors and support personnel) ------- - $832, 000 Media support (periodicals, pam- phlets, product evaluation, etc.) ------------------------- 705,000 Operational expenses (foreign service allowances, local person- nel salaries, and pro-rated housekeeping and overhead costs) ------------------------ 1,022,000 Spare parts for motion picture projectors to the GVN--------- 1,700 Approved For Release 2005/01/05 : CIA-RDP74B00415R000600110023-5 S-8476 4 Approved For Release 2005/01/05 : CIA-RDP74B00415R0006001100~3-5 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE May 25, 1972 Fiscal Year 1972 USIA-funded services provided to or on behalf of the GVN was estimated at $1,901,- 000. This figure is expected to be revised downward by a minimum of $500,000 by the end of the fiscal year, but we are unable to determine the exact figure at this time. There has been a steady reduction of USIA-funded advisors and support personnel during the fiscal year, and by the year's end the number will be zero. American salaries________________ $588, 000 Media support__________________ 522,000 Operational expenses ------------- 786,000 Used office furniture and equip- ment to the GVN______________ 5, 000 Total -------------------- 1,901,000 Fiscal Year 1973 USIA-funded services to or on behalf of the GVN will have ceased. The only USIA officer involved in any service will be one AID-funded advisor supervising the execu- tion of an AID-funded contract to train GVN radio technical personnel. This project, scheduled for completion during the first half of FY 1973, is a carry-over from FY 1972 to facilitate the technical operation of the GVN's new high power radio network. As in Laos and Thailand, although all USIA programmed advice and assistance to the host country information apparatus will have ceased, the post intends to continue to be responsive to specific requests for advice. Services rendered by VOA technical activities Philippines VOA regularly employs two GOP radio technician trainees for a one-year period. Salary costs are paid by VOA. Estimated cost: Fiscal year 1971 ------------------ $1,500 Fiscal year 1972__________________ 1,800 Fiscal year 1973__________________ 1,800 Thailand The Thai Government shares use of the VOA Bangkok station and pays its propor- tionate share of the power cost. The remain- ing direct costs of the GOT transmissions are paid by VOA. Estimated cost: Fiscal year 1971_________________ $8,700 Fiscal year 1972__________________ 9,200 Fiscal year 1973__________________ 11,000 OFFICE OF ASSISTANT DIRECTOR FOR WEST EUROPE (IWE) IWE/USIS has rendered no program serv- ices, other than radio transmission service described below, to the countries of Western Europe In FY 1971, or thus far in FY 1972, and proposes no such services in FY 1973. However, as in most USIS country pro- grams, copies of much of our material output is provided host country officials and minis- tries for Informational purposes. Accordingly, some of the content of USIS materials may find their way into host country reporting or Information output. Services rendered by VOA technical activities Greece VOA presentely provides the Greek Govern- ment substantial airtime on the Thessaloniki facilities free of charge. When the Kavala station becomes operational (replacing Thes- salonika), VOA will provide the GOG air- time on the medium wave transmitter and exclusive use of one shortwave transmitter free of charge. Estimated cost: Fiscal year 1971----------------- $18,000 Fiscal year 1972----------------- 18,000 Fiscal year 1973----------------- 46,000 OFFICE OF ASSISTANT DIRECTOR FOR LATIN AMERICA (ILA) - ILA/USIS has rendered no major program services to the governments of Central and South America in FY 1971, or thus far in FY 1972, and proposes no such services in FY 1973. During FY 1972, however, some facilitative assistance was given on request to the fol- lowing governments: 1. In Colombia, USIS Bogota has provided occasional technical advice to the Press Of- fice of the Colombian President on TV tech- niques and presentation. 2. In Bolivia, USIS has provided sugges- tions to the Bolivian Government on pub- licity for its economic emergency plans. OFFICE OF ASSISTANT DIRECTOR FOR NEAR EAST AND NORTH AFRICA (INE) Morocco VOA provides Radio Rabat up to 300 weekly transmitter hours over the Tangier transmitters free of charge. The present rate of usage by Radio Rabat approximates the maximum provision. Estimated cost: Fiscal year 1971_________________ $61,000 Fiscal year 1972----------------- 57,000 Fiscal year 1973----------------- 65,000 USIA Response to SPRC Requirement- Item 21. (Excerpts.) For FY 1971 and FY 1972 please list any publications which USIA produced or helped to prepare, editorially and/or financially, but which were distributed without attribu- tion to the agency or the U.S. Government. Also list all publications produced for, or in behalf of a foreign government, the number produced and the cost of each publication. OFFICE OF ASSISTANT DIRECTOR FOR EAST ASIA AND PACIFIC (TEA) Vietnam Development of non-attributed Psyop ma- terials by JUSPAO field development division FY 1971 combined through phase-down first quarter FY 1972. JUSPAO shipped these printed materials to GVN Information Serv- ice, distributed at reader level. A. Pamphlets: Following pamphlets de- veloped and ordered by JUSPAO from RSC Manila during FY 1971. Some deliveries ex- tended into first quarter FY 1972. Costs cal- culated at 75 cents per one thousand impressions. Number copies Cost Growing Up in Fire Fight ----------------- 130,000 $4,15 80 Appeal to Blood Donors ----------------- 12,000 63 Pre-Natal Cars------------------------- 26,000 230 Brother Hai and Village Co-Op -- _________ 200,000 4,200 New Faces in Vietnam ------- ------------ 100,000 10200 Face to Face Communications (9 manuals)-. 450, 000 4, 987 One Image Two Lives --------- -_.. ------ 300,000 3,375 Number of copies Mr. Ba and People's Self-Defense ----- _ 520,000 My Project ______---------------------- 100,000 Mr. Ba and Phoenix Program ------------- 113,000 Corporal Nam Defends Outpost ----------- 200, 000 VIS Handbook ---------- _____________ 20,000 Vietnam Magazine Color Covers for Pilot Model------------------------------ 5,000 $5,025 21400 1,097 4,350 105 B. Periodicals: Fiscal year 1971: Huong Que (Rural Spirit) farmers' magazine, 12 issues, cost $188,000, Copies 500 thousand each Issue. Long Me (Mother's Heart or Motherland) Magazine supporting amnesty program, 6 issues, Cost $50,200, 200,000 copies each Issue. Weekly Psyop community development newspaper Ngay Nay (Vietnam Today). For- mat single sheet, two pages, shared by JUS- PAO and GVN Ministry of Information. JUS- PAO printed 300 thousand each issue num- bered 26 through 34 and 50 and 51, Cost $20,- 000, Total 3.3 million copies. Fiscal year 1972: Huong Que (Rural Spirit) Long Me (Mother's Heart or Motherland) Magazine suppoijtting amnesty program, 2 issues, Cost $16,80 , Copies 200 thousand each issue. Weekly Psyop community development newspaper Ngay $ay (Vietnam Today). For- mat single sheet, two pages, shared by JUS- PAO and GVN Ministry of Information. JUS- PAO printed app oximately 150,000 of issues numbered 11 an 18 through 21. Total 1.2 million copies, Cot $7,000. C. Other Fiscal year 1971: JUSPAO printed covers for Minist y of Information question and answer serie Peoples' Information Pro- gram. 36 small overs, 60 thousand copies each, cost $2,000 a ch issue. 64-page Annul Report in co-operation USAID and Mini try of Foreign Affairs-at- tributed MFA. Four thousand copies, Cost $500. Fiscal year 1970: 64-page Annual Report in, cooperation U4iAID and Ministry of For- eign Affairs-attributed MFA. Four thousand copies, Cost $500. OFFICE OF ASSIgIANT DIRECTOR FOR LATIN A ERICA (ILA) USIS programs] which has assisted in the production of publications for or in behalf of host countries Bolivia-Post produced bi-monthly Pro- greso (dealing with socio-economic develop- ment) published under the auspices of the Bolivian Development Corporation. Prepara- tion of materials and editing done by USIS. Financing share with Development Corpo- ration, (Circulation: 10,000 bi-monthly.) Colombia-At the request of the U.S. mili- tary mission USI printed 10,000 copies of a cartoon book f r the Colombian Armed Forces. (Cost: $4 1.53.) USIS prograIriz which have produced or assisted in the p oduction of materials dis- tributed without attribution to USIS or the Agency. Bolivia--Post presented 10,000 copies of Agency produced cartoon booklet, "El Desen- gano," on urban rrorism to Ministry of In- formation for di tribution without attribu- tion to USIS. Dominican Republic--In FY 1971 post ar- ranged for printikig of a C. P. Snow article dealing with the population problem. Re- produced in Spa Iish by the Agency's Re- gional Service Center in Mexico and distrib- uted by the Dom nican National Council on Population and fly. Ecuador-Post produced four pamphlets totaling 15,000 c ies dealing with the con- tribution of foreign private investment in the petroleum sector to host country prog- ress. Attributed and distributed by Texaco- Gulf. (Cost: $500. Post produced ne pamphlet, 4,000 copies, of an English language tourist guide. At- tributed to the NC and the Taxi coopera- tive. Distributed by the taxi union. (Cost: $200.) Post produced * ne pamphlet, 2,000 copies, for the Internati nal Transport Federation. Attributed to an distributed by the local Transport Worke Union. (Cost: $100.) Paraguay-Post assisted financially and editorially in the production of the Journal of the Association of Paraguayan English teachers. Three ues published annually. Distributed free ,find without USIS attribu- tion but BNC Orector's name appears on masthead. (Cost:1$525). ? Mr. FULBRI HT. Mr. President, I might add that) this affects all. Govern- ment propagal~Ida agencies. All suffer from a lack of ! credibility on the part of the recipien s of the propaganda. Mr. President I am very doubtful that the USIA has W y substantial effective- ness because most knowledgeable people recognize that its output is not straight Copies 500 thousand each issue. I think the theory of an official infor- Approved For Release 2005/01/05 : CIA-RDP74B00415R000600110023-5 Approved For Release 2005/01/05 CIA-RDP74B00415R000600110023-5 May 25, 197 CONGRESSIONAi. RECORD -SENAT`E mation agency should be that people are not like sheep-although some are-and are not so, stupid that they can be horn- swoggled by propaganda, propaganda for which we are unwilling to take re- sponsibility. If we are going to put in- formation out, at least we should identif the fact that our Government is respon- sible for it. The amendment of the Senator fro Tennessee would result in allowing us put it out without assuming responsibilit for publishing it. I think this is a ver sorry practice. There is one other anal is a ainst the law to strengthen cooperative inter out ro a an a n a political cam- lations." a without attribution. IT, is ag ninst Mr. President, the principal national re- purpose of e aw to put ction 205 as I understand i ne without oar 1 closely conform USIA's information he 1948 act e =n=am=e of e erson w o is res on- overseas to the objectives of t it is to more work Senate For- n the prep- s" through certain restrictions o f informs- e were to adopt the Senator's aration and dissemination o amendment we would be, in effect, au- tion abroad. I defer to the thorizing a huge U.S. vernment eign Relations Committee wh 'o ich has leg- rabie. operations agency to put out propaganda without islative jurisdiction over the taking responsibility for it. I do not of USIA on whether such know how much further you can pervert guidance is necessary or desirable. President, will and distort the mission for our informa- Mr. FULBRIGHT. Mr. Pr Smith-Mundt Act. That is the issue. I see no reason to belabor it. In view of the fact that there are only three or four Senators in the Chamber, there is no point in belaboring it. I am ready to yield back the remain- der of my time and come to a vote. I ha ye no doubt the -Senator has a mason ?v. I support am pre- pare to yie back my time if the Sena- tor is prepared to yield back his time. T OFFICER. Who ons might say now for the advice of our, col- leagues in the Chamber that I do antic- ipate asking for the yeas and nays and I hope we will have a sufficient number of Senators present to order the yeas and nays. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The yeas and nays have already been ordered. Mr. BAKER. Very good. I thank the Presiding Officer. Mr. President, on the matter of the m emr_ nother example would be in the field ofd, Much of our health work is done on a voluntary of nongovern- mental basis. The effect of this provision would be to attribute to the U.S. Govern- fnent the efforts of private agencies or religious agencies, or those in the health field. However, I think the necessity for this Mr. FULBRIGHT. Will the Senator amendment, and the concern of the Sen- give an illustration of what he means? ator a I do not know what the Senator is talk- -of the bill goes far beyond the concer X.W tne oiu wouia amena the u.S. Informa- tion and Educational Exchange Act of 1948 which is permanent legislation per- taining to the responsibilities of the U.S.Information Agency for carrying out international information activities. Ac- cording to the committee report, the purpose of the 1948 act is to inform the people of other countries about the United States. This is in line with the purpose clause of the 1948 act which is "to promote understanding of the United among the peoples of the world-- I refer to the efforts of on of i e States to secure narcotics ~ont~o~ o -- uzut a ~. a is not covered by the 1948 act; but to be MYN-MT or by to say that the guidelines we pre- able pare for them must carry a disclaimer that they are prepared by the United effectiveness of States would destroy the the program to discourage traffic in drugs and the United States. between Turkey Another example would beamily planni g. Family planning is carrie~on private agencies and religious institu- tions, more often than not, and only tions, recently has the Government gotten into that field. But in traveling through India last fall I saw placards and billboards on the way to New Delhi and on the way out of that city, that were there largely because of the efforts of private institu- tions. The information had been dis- seminated by the Federal Government. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The time of the Senator has expired. Mr. BAKER. Mr. President, I yield my- self 2 additional minutes. ;Jo have such signs in forei -lands ri a disclaimer a they are ro= ed U. riest the n y in sly tm ver approach that we are dealing with. We give Turkey millions of dollars they can use to put out their own propaganda under their own name. What the committee is getting at is misrepre- sentation that is engaged in by our do- ing it without attributing it. There is nothing in here to prevent the United States from flooding Turkey with all kinds of propaganda as long as we take the responsibility for it. We think it unwise to refuse to take responsibility for what it put out. There is nothing here to prevent them from putting out propa- ganda about dope, heroin, or anything else, as long as they take the responsi- bility for putting it out. Mr. BAKER. I thank the chairman for those additional remarks. But that touches the point that concerns me be- cause section 205 Is so broad that_anv- t this section e G OFFICER. The time of the Senator has expired. -Mr.. BAKER. Mr. President, I yield my- self 2 additional minutes. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- ator is recognized for 2 additional min- an Mr. BAKER. So, I am concerned that it such assurances applies not only to the 1948 act, which WA_ e o m e a few brief re- this bill seeks to amend, but an entire marks and then I am ready to yield back range of other acts. the remainder of my time. While I subscribe to the sterling vir- Mr. President I understand the con- tues of disclosure, whether in politics or tern of the distinguished chairman of in foreign policy, I suggest that we have the Committee on Foreign Relations in in this bill unintentionally extended this this regard. The so-called propaganda section to other bills that we are not con- aspects of the USIA program have been ' cerned with now. called into examination and account by Mr. FULBRIGHT. Mr. President, will the Senator's committee and described the Senator yield? extensively in public forum. Mr. BAKER. I yield. wit curren ~.A477 I wish to make this additional point. The distinguished junior Senator. from Arkansas spoke in the opening portion of his rejoinder of our efforts through propaganda to prop up the Thieu regime in Southeast Asia. If my information is correct, and I believe it is, the testi- mony of officials of the USIA before the Committee on Foreign Relations was that there is no such effort made by the USIA in Southeast Asia. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The time of the Senator has expired. Mr. BAKER. Mr. President, I yield myself 2 additional minutes. My information is and the testimony was that the Thieu regime is not involved in this nor is USIA. That is not the issue before us. I intend to reserve the remainder of my time until we can have a brief quorum, and then I think I will be in a position to yield back the remainder of my time. I conclude by saying I feel that the sweeping scope of section 205 is far be- yond that which we want to deal with in- Approved For Release 2005/01/05 : CIA-RDP74B00415R000600110023-5 9 8478 Approved For Release 2005/01/05 : CIA-RDP74B00415R000600110023-5 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD:-- SF.`NATE May 25, 1972 this bill and that it is going to have serious and unintended effects upon the future policy of the U.S. Government, and private, religious, and philan- thropic organizations throughout the country. Therefore I have prepared the amendment which I offer at this time. I now suggest the absence of a quorum, to be charged against my time. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Under the precedents of the Senate, the Senator does not have enough time to suggest the absence of a quorum. The Senator will have to ask unanimous consent to have time taken out of the other side. If both sides yielded back their time, he could suggest the absence of a quorum. Mr. BAKER. Mr. President, how much time do I have remaining? The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- ator has 5V2 minutes remaining. Mr. BAKER. Mr. President, I suggest the absence of a quorum, I suppose I cannot do that under the rules. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Chair Is informed by the Parliamentar- ian that the only way the Senator could do that would be for both sides to yield back their time. Mr. FULBRIGHT. Mr. President, I am prepared to yield back my time. Mr. BAKER. Mr. President, I am pre- pared to yield back my time, but I need to check one point first. I ask unanimous consent that I may ask for a short quorum call without the" time being charged to either side. The PRESIDING OFFICER, Is there objection? Without objection, it is so ordered, and the clerk will call the roll. The legislative clerk proceeded to call the roll. Mr. BAKER. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that the order for the quorum call be rescinded. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without objection, it is so ordered. Mr. BAKER. Mr. President, I yield 4 minutes of my time to the distinguished r from Alabama (Mr. AL- me. Mr. President, 1 raider consideration mare m rssi e e t uloveu nsv- c ar are a no~'-ttna r3bu~e( a u e a fec n these particulars: It would degrade assistance to other countries in contingency operations. It would affect the preparing and drop- ping of leaflets attributed to the coun- try, but prepared by the United States. It would hamper making radio broad- casts to warn the populace. It would degrade U.S. military aid to underdeveloped countries in assisting military of the host country in civic ac- tion projects. It would degrade assistance to allies in these categories: The printing of NATO safe conduct passes and leaflets for distribution by allied aircraft. The development of psychological warfare materials and campaigns that would utilize allied resources for pro- duction and dissemination. U.S. technical aid to allies could not include participation of U.S. personnel in training or advisory roles in units pro- ducing psychological warfare materials. It would restrict the effectiveness of participation in disaster relief opera- tions. This section of the act which the amendment of the Senator from Ten- nessee would strike out would inhibit our international work in police matters, in health, in travel promotion, in ecology, in family planning, in travel publicity, and in countless fields we cannot foresee to- day. I believe this issue has not been given the thorough study which would be ap- propriate before it is enacted into law. It has many ramifications which we would regret were we to do so. In this day of constantly expanding international contacts, many parts of our Government are in frequent communi- cation with public and private counter- parts overseas. This section would in- hibit the free flow of information among them-a communications link which is vital to a stable international order and to specific U.S. interests. We would not wish to cut down on the flow BY Mormaron e e angerous drugs, advise `T'4l icu ar y disturbed by the way in which this section would inhibit the dissemination of information developed by the U.S. private sector. As I under- stand the section, it would require that any private book, English teaching text, film, or other medium which may be translated or reprinted by a U.S. agency for further dissemination abroad must carry the U.S. agency's name at the be- ginning. This may be practical in some cases, but in others the private U.S. author or publisher may wish the over- seas product to be identical to the origi- nal. Mr. President, I believe this section, section 205, should be eliminated from the bill. The amendment of the Senator from Tennessee would do that, and I sup- port his amendment. Mr. BAKER. Mr. President, how much time do I have remaining? The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- ator has 1 minute remaining. Mr. BAKER. Has the Senator from Arkansas yielded back his time? The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- ator from Arkansas has yielded back his remaining time. Mr. BAKER. I yield back the remain- der of my time. The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. PROXMIRE). All remaining time having been yielded back,, the question is on agreeing to the amendment of the Sen- ator from Tennessee (Mr. BAKER). On this question, the yeas and nays have been ordered, and the clerk will call the roll. The legislative clerk called the roll. Mr. ROBERT C. BYRD. I announce that the Senator from New Mexico (Mr. ANDERSON), the [Senator from Idaho (Mr. CHURCH), the $enator from Mississippi (Mr. EASTLAND) ~ the Senator from Geor- gia (Mr. GAMS ELL), the Senator from Alaska (Mr. G VEL), the Senator from Oklahoma (Mr' HARRIS), the Senator from Indiana (I tr. HAETRE), the Senator from Minnesot (Mr. HUMPHREY), the Senator from rth Carolina (Mr. JOR- DAN), the Sena or from Arkansas (Mr. MCCLELLAN), th Senator from Wyoming (Mr. McGEE), he Senator from South Dakota (Mr. cGovERN), the Senator from New Mex co (Mr. MONTOYA), the Senator from U ah (Mr. Moss), the Sen- ator from Main (Mr. MUsxrR) ? the Sen- ator from Connecticut (Mr. RlarcoFF), and the Senator from Illinois (Mr. STEV- ENsON) are nece sarily absent. I also announ a that the Senator from Louisiana (Mr. LLENDr.R), is absent on official business. I further announce that, if present and voting, the Senator from Connecticut (Mr. RISreoFF) and the Senator from Minnesota (Mr. HUMPHREY), would each vote "nay." On this vote, !the Senator from Geor- gia (Mr. GAMBI ILL) is paired with the Senator from'Illiinois (Mr. STEvENsoN) . If present and voting, the Senator from Georgia would vlote "yea" and the Sena- tor from Illinoiq would vote "nay." Mr. GRIFFIN. I announce that the Senator from'Oklahoma (Mr. BELLMON) and the Serra r from Maryland (Mr. MATHIAS) are al sent on official business. The Senator from Vermont (Mr. AIxEN), the Senator from Massachu- setts (Mr. BROmsE), the Senator from Kentucky (Mr. tloox), the Senator from New Hampshire! (Mr. COTTON), the Sen- ator from Hawa4i (Mr, FONG), the Sena- tor from Ar]zo (Mr. GOLDWATER), the Senator from Illinois (Mr. PERCY), the Senator from j Iowa (Mr. MILLER), the Senator from Ohio (Mr. T.&FT), and the Senator fro1ln South Carolina (Mr. THURMOND) are! necessarily absent. The Senator from South Dakota (Mr. MUNDT) is absent because of illness. If present and voting, the Senator from Massachusetts (Mr. BROOKE), the Senator from wa (Mr. MILLER), the Senator from Ohio (Mr. TArT) and the Senator from South Carolina (Mr. THURMOND) world each vote "yea." The result w"s announced--yeas 42, nays 27, as follows: Bennett Bentsen Bible Boggs Brock Buckley [N. 187 Leg.] jf.,EA&-42 Cuftis Roth Dojo Saxbe Harry F., Jr. an, Id ByrS, Robert C. L. g Cannon Pa wood Chiles Ra.doiph Schwelker Scott Smith Sparkman Stafford enr Talmadge Tower ho Weicker Young Approved For Release 2005/01/05 : CIA-RDP74B00415R000600110023-5 Approved For Release 2005/01/05 : CIA-RDP74B00415R000600110023-5 May 25, 1.9 72 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -SENATE NATS-27 Bayh Hughes Nelson Burdick Inouye Pastore Case Javits Pearson Cooper Kennedy Pell Cranston Magnuson Proxmire Eagleton Mansfield Spong Fulbrlght McIntyre Symington Hart Metcalf Tunney Hatfield Mondale Williams NOT VOTING-31 Aiken Goldwater Montoya Anderson Gravel Moss Bellmon Harris Mundt Brooke Hartke Muskie Church Humphrey Percy . Cook Jordan, N.C. Ribicoff Cotton Mathias Stevenson Eastland McClellan Taft Ellender McGee Thurmond Fong McGovern Gambrell Miller So Mr. BAKER'S amendment (No. 1201) was agreed to. Mr. BAKER. Mr. President, I move that the vote by which the amendment was agreed to be reconsidered. Mr. BROCK. Mr. President, I move to lay that motion on the table. The motion to lay on the table was agreed to. Messages in writing from the President of the United States, submitting nomina- tions; were communicated to the Senate by Mr. Leonard, one of his secretaries. EXECUTIVE MESSAGES REFERRED As in executive session, the Acting President pro, tempore (Mr. BURDICK) laid before the Senate messages from the President of the United States submit- ting sundry nominations, which were re- ferred to the Committee on Commerce. (The nominations received today are printed at the end of Senate proceed- ings.) MESSAGE FROM THE HOUSE A message from the House of Repre- sentatives, by Mr. Berry, one of its read- ing clerks, announced that the House had passed a bill (H.R. 15097) making appro- priations for the Department of Trans- portation and related agencies for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1973, and for other purposes, in which it requested the concurrence of the Senate. HOUSE BILL REFERRED The bill (H.R. 15097) making appro- priations for the Department of Trans- portation and related agencies for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1973, and for other purposes, was read twice by its title and referred to the Committee on Appropriations. AMENDMENT OF FISHERMAN'S PRO- TECTIVE ACT OF 1967 Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, what is the pending business? The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. HART). Under the previous order, the Senate will now resume consideration of H.R. 7117, the amendment of the Fisherman's Protective Act of 1967, which the clerk will state. The assistant legislative clerk read as follows: H.R. 7117 to amend the Fisherman's Pro- tective Act of 1967 to expedite the reim- bursement of United States vessel owners for charges paid by them for the release of vessels and crews illegally seized by foreign countries, to strengthen the provisions there- in relating to the collection of claims against such foreign countries for amounts so reim- bursed and for certain other amounts, and for other purposes. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Who yields time? PROGRAM Mr. SCOTT. Mr. President, I suggest the absence of a quorum. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The clerk will call the roll. The assistant legislative clerk pro- ceeded to call the roll. Mr. SCOTT. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that the order for the quorum call be rescinded. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without objection, it is so ordered. Mr. SCOTT. Mr. President, may I in- quire, who has the floor? The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- ator from Pennsylvania has the floor and has,28 minutes remaining. Mr. SCOTT. Mr. President, I rise to ask the distinguished majority leader- Mr. MANSFIELD. If the Senator will not mind, I yield myself 5 minutes on the bill on this side to reply. Mr. SCOTT. Mr. President, I rise to ask the distinguished majority leader what the further business of the Senate is for today. Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, as the Senator knows and the Senate knows, after discussing the matter with the dis- tinguished minority leader on yesterday, we agreed to a resolution which would free the Senate at the close of business today, on a recess basis, until noon of Tuesday next. In other words, we get the extra day because of the condition of the Calendar.' As to the pending bill, H.R. 7117, two amendments have already been added by Mr. TowEa and Mr. STEVENS. I do not know how much more time it will take because it is under a limited time basis. Would the Senator from New York (Mr. JAVITS) indicate whether he thinks there will be a rollcall vote on final' passage? Mr. JAVITS. I have no idea. It should not be necessary. I do not think the amendment I will propose is that critical, but I cannot tell. It will all depend. Mr. MANSFIELD. I thank the Senator. Folowing disposition of H.R. 7117, we will then proceed to the consideration of Calendar No. 768, S. 3607, a bill to au- thorize appropriations to the Atomic En- ergy Commission. That bill will be han- dled by the distinguished senior Senator from Rhode Island, the chairman of the Joint Committee. There will be a roll- call vote on final passage of that bill. When that is disposed of, we will go out until noon on Tuesday next. Mr. SCOTT. Mr. President, an amend- ment will be offered by the two Senators from Pennsylvania and the Senator from Nevada (Mr. BIBLE), the Senator from New Jersey (Mr. WILLIAMS), as well as S 8479 the Senator from Tennessee (Mr. BAKER) ; but I believe we can agree on it, and if we can, there should be no need to take very long or to have any yea and nay votes. Mr. PASTORE. Mr. President, will the Senator from Pennsylvania yield? Mr. SCOTT. I yield. Mr. PASTORE. We discussed in com- mittee that the additional $500,000 might not necessary. That is a question that can be debated each way. Mr. SCOTT. I am glad to hear that. This has. reference to the atomic cardiac pacemaker, which is of considerable in- . terest to everyone. The budget request was for $1 million. The pacemaker. is powered by nuclear fuel, as the Senator knows. I think this development is very important, and the full $1 million should be authorized as well as appropriated later on. Mr. PASTORE. We have seen the model, and I will say that I felt strongly that maybe we should make it $1 mil- lion. I think we should have it, because of the importance of this instrument. Mr. SCOTT. I think so, too, and I thank the Senator. AMENDMENT OF FISHERMEN'S PROTECTIVE ACT OF 1967 The Senate resumed the consideration of the bill, H.R. 7117, to amend the Fish- ermen's Protective Act of 1967 to expedite the reimbursement of U.S. vessel owners for charges paid by them for the release of vessels and crews illegally seized by foreign countries, to strengthen the pro- visions therein relating to the collection of claims against such foreign countries for amounts so reimbursed and for cer- tain other amounts, and for other pur- poses. Mr. STEVENS. Mr. President, I send an amendment to the desk and ask that it be stated. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The amendment will be stated. The assistant legislative clerk read as follows: On page 2, line 11; on page 4, line 5; and on page 5, line 1, strike "8" and insert in lieu thereof "9". The PRESIDING OFFICER. Does the Senator wish to have these amendments considered en bloc? Mr. STEVENS. Yes, Mr. President. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without objection, it is so ordered, and the amendments will be considered en bloc. Mr. STEVENS. Mr. President, this is a technical amendment. At the time the bill was prepared, we did not take into account the enactment, last December 23, 1971, of Public Law 92-219, which already added a new section 8 to the Fisherman's Protective Act of 1967. This amendment will make the amend- ment of this bill become section 9, to fol- low the enactment of last December 23, 1971. It is a technical amendment. I urge its adoption and yield back the re- mainder of my time. Mr. MAGNUSON. Mr. President, I yield back my time. The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. HART). The question is on agreeing to Approved For Release 2005/01/05 : CIA-RDP74B00415R000600110023-5 S 8480 Approved For Release 2005/01/05 : CIA-RDP74B00415R000600110023-5 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -SENATE May 25, 1972 the amendments en bloc of the Senator from Alaska. The amendments were agreed to en bloc. Mr. JAVITS. Mr. President, I send an amendment to the desk and ask that It be stated. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The amendment will be stated. The assistant legislative clerk read as follows: On page 3, line 24, insert the following: after the word is"country" insert ", If any," and on page 4, line 1, after "1961" insert "unless the President certifies to the Congress that It is in the national interest not to do so in the particular instance,". Mr. JAVITS. Mr. President, I apologize to the Senator from Washington (Mr. MAGNUSON) for not having had the op- portunity to show him this amendment in advance, but I think if he will be kind enough to give me his attention, he will see the situation in a minute. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Does the Senator from New York ask that these amendments be considered en bloc? Mr. JAVITS. Yes, Mr. President, I do. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without objection, it is so ordered, and the amendments will be considered en bloc. Mr. MAGNUSON. Mr. President, I understand that the Senator's amend- ment would allow--I have been over in Appropriations with HEW and I did not get here until just now-the discretion to be in the President. Mr. JAVITS. Mr. President, it would allow the final discretion to be with the President. If he certifies to Congress that the national interest is an overriding consideration he can waive the applica- tion of the provisions of the law. I think the principal is a good idea, provided that it is only charged to the specific AID program of the country that seizes boats. The State Department pointed out that if there is an allocation to that country for foreign aid, then this pro- vision would effect that country. How- ever, if there were not, then it should not hurt anyone else. The first part of my amendment says "if any." In other words, it is charged against their allocation and only their allocation of foreign aid, if there is any. Mr. MAGNUSON. In other words, if there was foreign aid, we would still charge it against them. Mr. JAVITS. The Senator is correct. Mr. MAGNUSON. And if there was not, it would be at the discretion of the President? Mr. JAVITS. It comes out of whatever specific funds there are for the country, yes. But it does not reduce the foreign aid funds for other countries or other programs. Mr. MAGNUSON. That is a new way to approach it. Mr. JAYTITS. Mr. President, I am not through yet. I want the Senator to get the whole picture in reply to his question. Another thing that the administra- tion is concerned about is that if they are actually in negotiations with a given country about this very vexing matter--- and I think the countries who seize U.S. boats are wrong-it may be very unwise and counterproductive to dock them, say, $50,000 in the midst of negotiating ef- fort to work out the whole problem. So, by providing that the President could certify to Congress that in that particular instance he does not think it is the best thing to do in the national interest, then we avoid that impasse. That is the purpose. That is not all they want. However, that is all I think they ought to get. Mr. MAGNUSON. Mr. President, the Senator from New York used the words "if they are in negotiations." They have been negotiating for years on this mat- ter. Nothing ever happens. Every time they seize about 15 tuna ships, the State Department and all of the Presidents, including this one, sends a troubleshooter down and he negotiates with them. The last one was Finch. He set me an ex- change of cables stating that he thought he was getting some place. But nothing ha.nrened. This has gone on and on. I could put in the RECORD a long list of the negotia- tions we have had with them. Then a State Department man by the name of Meyer went down there. Mr. JAVITS. He is still in charge of Latin American affairs for the Depart- ment of State. Mr. MAGNUSON. It was still the same as It always has been. We have to take some kind of action with these people. They have now induced Brazil to have a 200-mile limit. I was in Peru 8 years ago and talked to them. I spoke to the President of Peru and I asked him how he arrived at 200 miles. He said that he did not arrive at that figure, that our country did, the United States- I asked him how that was. He pulled a dog-eared document out of his desk that stated that during World War II President Roosevelt had proclaimed a neutrality zone of 200 miles around South America. That was the basis of it. I guess that many Presidents have many documents that they keep in the bottom drawer. We have to get something done. I am not saying that Finch and these people are not trying to do something about this. However, they never seem to be able to reach the point where they can stop the thing. We have reached a point where we are paying out quite a bit of money on this. Mr. JAVITS. I know that. Mr. MAGNUSON. It encourages them to make their fines larger because they know that the fishermen will ultimately get paid. However, it takes time to do this. The fishermen are usually working on a pretty tight budget. I have known fishermen who have gone to the bank and borrowed money while waiting for the State Department to get a check back to them. So, due to. the fact that the Senator from New York wants to join us in this matter and help us out, maybe we can try this new method and let us see what happens. Mr. JAVITS. Mr. President, I would like to make these points. I agree with the Senator about negoti- ations. I really mean seriously that the President in all integrity must certify to Congress-a d this is no light mat- ter-that the n;tional interest is of over- riding importal ce. It ought to be a criti- cal matter and, not merely the fact that someone is dos m there trying to work it out. Mr. MAGNUSON. Mr. President, I would be willing to take the amendments to conference. i Mr. JAVITSI Mr. President, I yield back the remainder of my time. Mr. MAGNUSON. Mr. President, I yield back the '[remainder of my time. The PRESIDING OFFICER. All time has been yield~-d back. The question is on agreeing to j the amendments en bloc of the Senator from New York. The amendments were agreed to. Mr. KENNEDY. Mr. President, I send an amendment to the desk. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The clerk will report the amendment. The assistant legislative clerk pro- ceeded to state; the amendment. Mr. KENNEDY. Mr. President, I ask unanimous a nt that further reading of the amendment be dispensed with. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without objection, it is so ordered; and the amendment viill be printed in the RECORD. The ainendnient reads as follows: On page 6, lire 3, add the following sec- SEC. (7). That section 4 of the Fishermen's Protective Act of, 1967 is amended- (a) by inserts g immediately before "by a country" a co a and the following: "or vessel of the U ted States or Its gear dam- aged,"; and (b) by inserting before "in accordance" the following: 'nor such vessel or its gear damaged". Sso. 8. The fhst sentence of section 5 of such Act is ame*ded by inserting after "ves- sel of the United States" a comma and the following: "or damage to such vessel or its gear,". SEC. 9. (a) Section 7(a) of such Act Is amended to read) as follows: "(a) The Secre- tary, upon receipt. of an application flied with him at any tim~ after the effective ;late of this section by he owner of any vessel of the United Sta which is documented or certificated a:> commercial fishing vessel, shall enter into an agreement with such owner subject the provisions of this sec- tion and such o r terms and conditions as the Secretary deems appropriate. Such agree- ment shall pro a that, if such vessel or its gear Is damaged a result of the action of a vessel operated by the government of such country or any her activity of such govern- ment (on the bass of rights or claims in ter- ritorial waters Cdr the high seas which are rot recognized b the United States and when there i# no clisiiute of material facts with respect to the l Lion or activity of such ves- sel at the time Of such attempt), or if such vessel is seiz=d a foreign country and de- tained under th' conditions of section 2 of this Act, the Secretary shall reimburse- "(1) the owner of such vessel for actual costs, except t e covered by section 3 of this Act, incurre by the owner arising out of damage to his vessel or gear by such coun- try, or during the seizure and detention period and as JE6 direct result thereof, as determined by a Secretary,uresulting (A) from any damag to, or destrction of, such vessel or its fishing gear or other equipment, (B) from the l ss or confiscation of such vessel, or its fish(nQ gear or other equipment, age fees or utilities; "(2) the owner of such vessel and its crew for the market value of fish caught (A) be- Approved For Release 2005/01/05 : CIA-RDP74B00415R000600110023-5 NEW X'e'leaso 2005/01/054)&AAn2f;an 1100E ....: Senate, in Vote, Gives Fulbright Another in a Series of Rebuffs By JOHN W. FINNEY Special to The New York Times song 1 opposing the amendment. Sena ator Fulbright is the first. to acknowledge that this work, to his disadvantage in a Senate where considerable persona: `hostility has built up against WASHINGTON, May 25-The Senate, by a vote of 42 to 27, During the debate today on today rejected an amendment that the Foreign Relations Com- the motion offered by Senator mittee had put in a State Howard H. Baker Jr., Republi Department-United States Infor- can of Tennessee, for example, mation Agency budget bill pro- less than half a dozen Senators hibiting the agency from dis- were on the floor to hear Sena- tributing unattributed propa-:, for Fulbright's defense of the ganda abroad. committee's position. This post By itself the Issue was not tion held that it was deceitful and improper for the United and lnate States Information Agency to wheieca the e but in committee a Senate where have be and y distribute unattributed propa- upheld, the hv vote symbolized chairman 'normalllthey ganda in foreign countries. ----,- increasing Aso a ion or r. most Senators esult , Asa r u briarit, c arm,no e ommit ee. reached the floor unaware of is month the Senate the issues and were voting overturned, by a vote of 57 to more on tthe hat were offering or the committee had made in the%. U.S.I.A. budget in retaliation, for the agency's refusal to supply information to the com- mittee. Then yesterday the Senate, 38-32, rejected a 10 per cent, reduction that the committee had proposed in personnel, other than from the State De partment, assigned to overseas posts. The Senate was acting on a motion by the Senate Republican leader, Hugh Scott, a committee member. At least to some Democratic members of the Foreign Rela- tions Committee, the defeats administered to Senator Ful- bright appeared to be part of, an Administration strategy to, divide and weaken the commit-: tee by isolating and embarrass-! mg the chairman. The Administration no longer., appears to be attempting to thwart Senator Fulbright in the; committee, where he usually, can prevail. Rather the White House appears to be waiting for the issue to come to the Senate floor and then marshaling its forces against the Senator. Signals Have Been Called Aides in the office of Senator i,'Scott acknowledge that the White House has been calling the signals on what amend- ments to offer to overturn the. position of the Foreign Rela- tions Committee. On the Senate floor, the Ad- ministration can rely upon the inattentiveness of the Senators and anti-Fulbright prejudice to build up a vote against the committee chairman. him. The series ,of recent setbacks; have discouraged Senator Ful bright, who is becoming reluc- ke the lead in oppos? t As a result, Senator Fulbright deliberately has delayedanned ing ahead with the planned study of multinational he can tions, for example, until the committee to go l he rec ord in favor of $110,000 for the investigation. Then this week, when a mil- itary aid bill was before the committee, he refrained from proposing any, reductions, let- ting the Senate majority leader, Mike Mansfield, take the initia- tive. When wanted an amendment today offered giving the President dis- cretionary 'authority on the use of foreign aid funds top y fines of American fishing boats seized by Latin American coup tries, Senator Fulbright de- murred, telling a colleague: "Why should I offer it? It will just be beaten." Senator Fulbright's discour- agement has reached the point that he is now raising the pos- sibility in private conversations that perhaps he should retire when his present term expires in 1975 if President effectual Niixon is cannot be re-elected and if it appears as chaff man of the Foreign Re- lations Committee. o tant to ing the Administration if the committee and in turn the Sen ate will not support him. The Talk of Cloakroom The defeats of Senator Ful-, bright have also become the talk of the cloakroom. After. one recent vote, for example, S. J. Kimmitt, the secretary of the Democratic majority who has close ties with the anti- Fulbright faction in the Senate, was overheard telling a Ful bright aide: "Well, I see you lost another one." Normally a committee rallies the of chairman on the Senate floor. But for the last month, Senator Ful-. bright has been left alone on the floor to defend the com- imittee bill. At times he has ittee also found some comm members, such as Senator. the anking Aiken Republican voting against provisions that they supported in committee. Approved For Release 2005/01/05 CIA-RDP74B00415R000600110023-5 June 8, 1972 Approved For RPJP W9q8 RTRK-W?f 74RMAJR000600110023-5 cuN The SPEAKER. The question is on the thorizations for. the. Arms Control and engrossment and third reading of the Disarmament Agency and ? the Peace bill. 9orps, and asked for a conference. The bill was ordered to be engrosed Technically, these two authorizations and read a third time, and was read the might be considered nongermane to the third time. House bill which authorizes funds only The SPEAKER. The question is on the for the Department of State and the U.S. passage of the bill. Information Agency. I have requested The bill was passed. that the House conferees not be bound The title was amended so as to read: by the rule on germaneness.. "A bill to authorize -appropriations for The problem is getting all three of the the Peace Corps, and for other pur- authorizations which have passed the poses." House and passed the Senate to confer- A motion to reconsider was laid on the ence. table. The purpose of my unanimous-consejit request is merely to make it possible for E7APPOINTMENT OF CONFEREES ON us to take the three House bills to con- H.R. 14734, AUTHORIZING APPRO- ference so that we can consider them PRIATIONS FOR DEPARTMENT OF and the omnibus Senate bill at the same STATE AND FOR U.S. INFORMA- time. TION AGENCY I believe this will conserve the time of the House and expedite the completion Mr. MORGAN. Mr. Speaker, I ask of our work. unanimous consent to take from the Mr. HALL. Mr. Speaker, I withdraw Speaker's table the bill (H.R. 14734) to my reservation of objection. authorize appropriations for the Depart- The SPEAKER. Is there objection to anent of State and for the U.S. In- the request of the gentlemanf rom Penn- formation Agency, with Senate amend- sylvania? ments thereto, disagree to the Senate There was no objection. amendments, and agree to the confer- ence asked by the Senate. The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the request of the gentleman from Penn- sylvania? The Chair hears none, and ap- points the following conferees: Messrs. CELL, MAILLIARD, FRELINGHUYSEN, BROOM- Mr. GERALD R. FORD. Mr. Speaker, FIELD, and THOMsoN of Wisconsin. \ I take this time for the purpose of in- EXEMPTING THE MANAGERS ON THE PART OF THE HOUSE ON H.R. 14734 FROM CERTAIN RESTRIC- TIONS H 5451 session next Friday. If both appropria- tion bills are not considered, there would not be a session next Friday, but the plan is to call up both of them so at this time I just do not know. Mr. GERALD R. FORD. Next Friday is a third Friday. Mr. BOGGS. That is correct. It is an eligible Friday. ADJOURNMENT OVER TO MONDAY NEXT Mr. BOGGS. Mr. Speaker, I ask unani- mous consent that when the House ad- journs today it adjourn to meet on Mon- day next. The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the report of the gentleman from Louis- iana? There was no objection. DISPENSING WITH CALENDAR WED- NESDAY BUSINESS ON WEDNES- DAY NEXT Mr. BOGGS. Mr. Speaker, I ask unani- mous consent the business in order on Calendar Wednesday next week may be dispensed with. The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the request of the gentleman from Loui- siana? There was no objection. SUGGESTED USE OF POW'S AS SHIELDS IS REPREHENSIBLE AND MISCHIEVOUS The SPEAKER. Under a previous order of the House, the gentleman from Cali- fornia (Mr. TALCOTT) is recognized for 10 minutes. Mr. TALCOTT. Mr. Speaker, in a post- California primary interview over NBC, one of our colleagues suggested - that General Giap of the Government of North Vietnam take 700 of our POW's and place one each in 700 city squares throughout North Vietnam-and that this tactic would certainly force us to stop our bombing of North Vietnam. Because the gentleman from Cali- fornia (Mr. MCCLOSKEY) is a personal friend and once served in a military ca- pacity, I do not want to believe what I have heard and seen. This is a horrendous suggestion by a public official of the United States or of any civilized nation. The rationale is specious as well as mischievous. Our military personnel now incarcer- ated by the North Vietnamese Govern- ment have never been considered or treated as prisoners of war under any international treaty, agreement or un- derstanding. They have been treated simply as hostages. At, best, their treat- ment has been wretched and nefarious. No nation has ever waged a more vi- cious war of terror and aggression against another people than North Vietnam is waging against the people of South Viet- nam, Laos, and Cambodia. No military authority has ever treated captured mil- itary personnel more inhumanely. The Nazis baked political prisoners in ovens and made lampshades from human skins, but they complied with interna- tional rules of warfare respecting cap- LEGISLATIVE PROGRAM FOR WEEK OF JUNE 12 (Mr. GERALD R. FORD asked and was given permission to address the quiring of the distinguished majority leader as the program for the remainder of this week, if any, and the schedule for next week. Mr. BOGGS. Will the gentleman yield? Mr. GERALD R. FORD. I yield to the Mr. MORGAN. Mr. Speaker, I ask gentleman from Louisiana. unanimous consent that the managers Mr. BOGGS. In response to the request on the part of the House appointed on the of the distinguished minority leader, we bill H.R. 14734 not be bound by the have completed the legislative business restrictions of clause 3, rule XX. for this week, and I intend to ask to go The SPEAKER. Is there objection to over to Monday. the request of the gentleman from Penn- Monday is District day, but there are sylvania? no bills from the District Committee. We Mr. HALL. Mr. Speaker, reserving the have scheduled H.R. 10792, the SBA loan right to object, may we have an expla- ceiling, which will be called up under an nation of what this exemption is, please? open rule with 1 hour of debate. Mr. MORGAN. Will the gentleman Also H.R. 12846, the Armed Forces drug yield? treatment program, with an open rule Mr. HALL. I am glad to yield to the and 1 hour of debate. gentleman. On Tuesday and. the balance of the Mr. MORGAN. Mr. Speaker, the Sen- week H.R. 14370, State and Local Fiscal ate has combined in a single bill three Assistance Act, with a closed rule and 8 authorizations which passed the House hours of debate. That is the revenue- as separate bills:. sharing bill. H.R. 13336, the authorization for the Also the Labor-HEW appropriation for Arms Control and Disarmament Agency, fiscal year 1973 and the Interior appro- passed the House April 12, 1972; priation for fiscal year 1973. H.R. 14734, the authorizations for the On Wednesday we will observe Flag Department of State and the. United Day, which is customary, and on Thurs- States Information Agency, passed the day the President of Mexico will address House May 17, 1972; and , a joint meeting of the House and Senate The House this afternoon has passed here. H.R. 14149, the Peace Corps authoriza- Of course, conference reports may be tion. brought up at any time, and any further All of these authorizations are included program will be announced later, in the bill passed by the Senate May 31. Mr. GERALD R, FORD. Would the The Senate took H.R. 14734, the State gentleman from Louisiana tell the House, Department and U.S. Information Agen- is there a distinct possibility or not for cy authorizations, struck out all after a session next Friday? the enacting clause and inserted the text Mr. BOGGS. Well, I would say there is of their omnibus bill, including the au- a possibility. I do not want to rule out,a Approved For Release 2005/01/05 : CIA-RDP74B00415R000600110023-5 H 5452 Approved For Release 2005/01/05 : CIA-RDP74B00415R0006001100~3-5 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE June 8, 1972 tured military personnel. They never suggested using POW's as hostages or shields. The commanding general of the North Vietnamese military needs no sugges- tion from a Member of the Congress on how to mistreat captured military per- sonnel or cause agony and worry to their families and loved ones at home. I strongly wish that a mutual cease fire could be adopted, that the fighting, bombing, shooting, and- killing could stop, the war ended, and peace prevail. This will require the initiative, resolve and action of both sides. Perhaps it can be achieved soon; but in the meantime the suggestion that POW's be used as shields is barbarous. Actually our POW's would bo safer in the city squares than in camps or prisons near military targets. Placing POW's near military facilities would be an heinous and explicit violation of the Ge- neva Conventions. We as Members of the Congress and human beings interested in the humani- tarian treatment of other human beings should be urging compliance rather than violations of the Geneva conven- tions. The wives and families of our POW's and our MIA's have every reason to be shocked and angered by this suggestion. I trust the gentleman will retract his suggestion. I am confident he never in- tended the barbarous implication of his remarks. Let us urge both sides to mutually cease fire and negotiate a peace so that all killing, terror, apprehension, and agony of servicemen, civilians, and their fami- lies can be ended so that all peoples can live in true peace with freedom. The President's proposal for peace seems to be the best and most generous proposal yet offered. Using prisoners of war in such a dia- bolic way would violate every rule of law and international agreement. This use of prisoners would violate every tenent of humanitarian treatment of human be- ings. His premise is a mischievous misrepre- sentation of the purpose, policy, and practice of our present bombing in North Vietnam. The targets are military, not city squares. Cities are not being bombed. Although accidents and mistakes can and do occur, especially during war, we are scrupulously avoiding strictly civilian structures and civilian personnel. Our targets have military value-sur- face-to-air missile sites; ammunition and fuel storage dumps; transportation and logistics systems; powerplants; mar- shaling yards for tanks, weapons, and trucks; and concentrations of troops and fuel supplies. We have taken extraordinary precau- tions to warn their ,government, their people, and their suppliers of our objec- tives and targets. We have been extraor- dinarily successful. We all know that if our bombing was hitting civilian struc- tures or injuring civilian personnel that the North Vietnamese Government would supply the world media with plenty of documentary photographs and I am con- fident they would find some newspaper or television network to publish the pho- tos for all of America and the world to Approved see. But this has not happened. And al- though I wish that the bombing, mining, shooting, and killing were not occurring, I am grateful that our objectives are mil- itary and not civilian. I wish also that the objectives, policies, and practices of the North Vietnamese were the same. HIGHER EDUCATION ACT The SPEAKER. Under a previous or- der of the House, the gentleman from Michigan (Mr. McDoNALD) is recognized for 10 minutes. Mr. McDONALD of Michigan. Mr. Speaker, I am taking this special order today, because there was not sufficient time allotted during the debate on the Higher Education Act conference report. If time had been allotted to me today to make my remarks they would have been basically in agreement with those made by our distinguished minority leader, GERALD FORD. I voted against the conference report because the so-called antibusing amend- ment would have no positive effect on the busing problem within my congres- sional district, and as was pointed out by Congressman FORD, experts have sug- gested that it may have no effect on busing whatsoever. Mr. Speaker, at this time I quote an article and editorial of May 18 and 19 of the New York Times: The Amendment (Broomfield) would delay for up to nineteen months, pending all ap- peals, any Federal Court orders requiring busing to achieve racial balance. On that basis, it does not prohibit busing necessary for school desegregation. It merely adheres to the Supreme Court's ruling that It Is proper for the Lower Courts to order busing to achieve integration but not to create racial balance. The Broomfield amendment was also changed in conference so that it applies only through 1973. The full impact of conference com- mittee changes in the House antibusing amendments is described in the article in the May 18 New York Times: The compromise would also permit Fed- eral money to be used for busing if this was sought by local officials, and it would allow Federal officials to encourage busing under the Civil Rights Act of 1964. The conferees basically accepted the Sen- ate language outlawing busing only if it endangered the health of pupils or required them to be sent to inferior schools. The liberal New York Times editorial described the conference action as fol- lows: The Conference compromise, which closely resembles the earlier Scott-Mansfield Amend- ment, is designed to do as little harm as possible. Its liberal authors would undoubt- edly agree that it serves no constructive purpose in its own right; rather, it is a shield for saving the college campuses with- out actively sabotaging school integration. For all of the above reasons stated, I opposed the conference report. PART III-CHILDREN'S ALLOWANCES The SPEAKER. Under a previous order of the House, the gentleman from Texas (Mr. GONZALEZ) is recognized for 10 minutes. Mr. GONZA L. Mr. Speaker. I insert the third and fir al excerpt of the study on the various children's allowances proposals all ove - the world. The charge that these progr ,ms spur the birth rate is one which I lieve to be groundless, based on Canada's experiences. I sub- mit your special attention to the sec- tion entitled "Irtipact on Birth Rates" in this study: IMPACT ~,F BIRTH RATES OTH R MEATORES Table 3 provide acomparison of the ex- peaditures for chi rents allowances in terms of both total so sal security expenditures and the GNP in ach of the five countries under considerat on. The definitions set forth in a 1967 st dy is by the International Labor Organizatio (ILA) were used to up- date the expends ures for 1966, 1967, and 1968 as far as possible. TABLE 3.-EXPENDITURkS FOR CHILDREN'S ALLOWANCES AS A PERCENT OF T TAL SOCIAL SECURITY EXPENDI- TURES AND OF GROS NATIONAL PRODUCT. FIVE 000N- TRIES,1966-68 E#penditures for children's aflwances A~ percentcf total social security As percent of gross expenditures' national product Country z66 1967 1968 1966 1967 1968 Canada r____--- ---- 1 .7 France____._ 2.3 Sweden3_____ 2 United Kingdom ..7 West Germany . ------ .3 11.2 9.3 1.0 1.0 0.9 24.5 24.5 3.7 3.6 3.6 8-2 6.8 1.3 1.3 1.2 3.6 5.9 .4 .4 .7 3.5 3.2 .7 .6 .6 I Social security expen,tures include administrative expendi- tures but generally exc ude those for government employee programs, industrial occ pational pension plans, and benefits under private medical are insurance plans. The data used here, except as otherwi noted, are defined as in "The Cost of Social Security" (International Labor Organization), 1967. 2 Children's allowance include tamily allowances and youth allowances but exclude t o schooling allowances of the Province of Quebec. Social security expenditures exclude housing, ed- ucation, and agricultural price support programs. 3 Children's allowance tor 1967 estimated. Source: Data for child n's allowances: Canada-Department of National Health and Welfare, Annual Report, Fiscal Year Ending March 31, 19681 pp. 127-128; France--Ministere de I'Economie et des Finan Statistiques at Etudes Financieres, pp. 406-417; Sweden-166 from Social Security in the Nordic Countries, 1966 (Stall cal Reports of the Nordic Countries, No. 16, Copenhagen, 196 ), and 1968lromtheSwedishEmbassy, Washington, D.C.; Unit Kingdom--Annual Abstract of Sta- tistics, 1969; West Ger any-Der Bundesminister tur Arbeit and Sozialordnung, At Is and Sozialstatistische Mitteifungen, July 1969, pp. 209-211 Data for social security ex enditures: Canada-Department ot, National Health and Welffare, Social Security in Canada, I , p. 77; France--same as children's allowances; Sweden-1 and 1967 from Social-Nytt, No. 5, 1969, p. 17, and 1968 fro the Swedish Embassy in Washington, D.C.; United Kingdom Annual Abstract of Statistics, 1969; West Germany--same a children's allowances. Data for gross national product: Inter ational Monetary Fund, International Financial Statistics, at )1970. In 1968, the re Lilts relate favorably to the data in table 2. Vance is well ahead of the other countries ith about one-fourth of all social security trays going to children's allowances. Except for Canada, the other countries rank in the same order as they did in relation to average earnings: Sweden, the United Kingdom] and West Germany. For Canada. the proportion of total social security expenditures directed toward chil- dren's allows 9.3 percent-indicates relatively low total expenditures rather than high children's allowances. This point is borne out by the GNP figure, which is con- siderably lower for Canada than for the other countries. till, expenditures have risen substantially wit4i the maturing of the Can- ada and Quebec Tension plans and the low- ering of the retirement age year by year. Except for th United Kingdom, national outlays for chit en's allowances account for a declining proportion of total social security expenditures as defined and calculated by Footnotes at ekrd of article. For Release 2005/01/05 : CIA-RDP74B00415R000600110023-5 Approved For Release 2005/01/05 : CIA-RDP74B00415R00060 10023-5 May 31, 1972 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -SENATE S 8611 batten down the hatches against change, or states, and the Federal government has made CITATION OF WARREN G. MAGNUSON ON BEING even the exploration of change. such a deliberate investment in each of you. PRESENTED THE DEGREE OF DocTOR of LAWS, In a day of exploding knowledge and better That is why Gallaudet was established and HONORIS CAUSA informed people, the bigot reads history and became a national responsibility. As you Senator Warren G.. Magnuson is one of economics, sociology and science, in terms of know, only too well, Gallaudet is unique. the great statesmen of American political life. what has been-rather than what is, or what But again, you are all pretty typical of all Representing the people of the state of Wash- could be. 1972 college graduates because the public and ington in the United States Congress for the The bigot waits in the snug harbor of private cdntribution towards the expense of last thirty-five years, the Senator has proven some America Past-bombarding every land- these educational programs far exceeds the his concern for the "little man." He has ing party of the, present or the future. Bigo- tuition and fees paid by students. On that been a knowledgeable and influential. advo- try attacks from every direction, and the count, Gallaudet only differs in the degree of cate in the fields of environmental protec- future is in jeopardy whenever critical exam- that Federal support. tion, health care, bio-medical research; vot- ination is thwarted or blocked whether it be Along with other members of the Congress, ing rights, air safety, and consumer protec- from the right, left or center. I have been happy to be in a position to be tion. Bringing his considerable experience Anyone who limits inquiry for the sake of some assistance directly to Gallaudet; to and expertise to bear on these problems, he of his own cluster of causes is a dangerous assist the special programs on your campus has authored major pieces of legislation and foe, and the bigot constantly stands in the at the elementary and secondary levels that has become identified as the "father of the pathway of progress. are about ready to come into full bloom and consumer movement." Senator Magnuson, Conformity is the second danger. Conform- that are setting a pace for the whole nation who ranks fourth in seniority in the United ity arrives in drab, protective clothing. Whis- to follow; and recently, we've moved Gallau- States Senate, has several key committee pering, rather than shouting, rarely making det into an area of leadership that has been assignments, including chairmanship of the headlines or drawing attention of any sort. too long neglected-continuing education Committee on Commerce. He is a member Conformity argues its case with a variety programs for deaf adults. We hope that pro- of the Senate Appropriations Committee and of spurious reasons: prudence-good taste- gram too will have an impact in communi- Chairman of its Subcommittee on Labor, "no sense in rocking the boat". But conform- ties all over the nation. Health, Education and Welfare. In this capac- ity is no less deadly than bigotry when, in We want to do more, not just on the Gal- ity, he introduced and guided through the its quiet fashion, it reduces honest dissent, laudet campus, but all over our nation. Right Senate the Act testablishing direct medical divergence and difference within society. It now there are three special pilot programs care to private citizens living in rural and is a state of mind which is deadening to free for the deaf underway at Community Col- urban poverty. inquiry and to education upon which all leges in Seattle, St. Paul and New Orleans. Continuing his interest in the neglected growth ultimately rests. If the initial results of these efforts hold up, groups in American society, the Senator We should protect non-conformity which it is obvious we should have many more such recently has sponsored the appropriation of leads to the ceaseless seeking of the Why of programs in local communities across the funds for continuing education services for things, not merely the so-what of things. land. deaf adults in the United States. Deaf peo- And you can be a non-conformist who still This brings me to a very personal chal- ple have not often had a more effective cham- respects the opinions of others and does not leng'e that I feel all of you graduates face. pion than Senator Magnuson. We are pleased violate decent procedures. Historically it was the hearing who decided to recognize him today, not only for his serv- The third danger is Fear. A common retort what was best for the deaf, and then did it. ices to the deaf, but for his broader contribu- df the the Fear-mongers when their works are Granted, it was good that something was tions to the quality of life in the nation. condemned, is to insist that there are indeed done. things to fear. They are right, of course. Yet that was. a very paternal, patronizing There are causes of anxiety and concern in way of doing things. The fact that some suc- CONCLUSION OF MORNING our world today. We live in a period of human cesses resulted means that such an approach - BUSINESS history where the race is between civiliza- was not all wrong. But, it was not all right tion and catastrophe. We are called upon for either. Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, is wisdom and leadership unmatched in the The deaf can't be content to be told what there further morning business? past. We can provide leadership only out of a they should do, and how they should do it, The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tern- quality of mind which is open, and exploring, by their hearing brethren. The deaf must not and free and sensible. only ask, but demand a voice in the private pore. Is there further morning business? No one can provide this leadership out of and public agencies concerned with deaf If not, morning business is concluded. fear. The fear-mongers would sow a whirl- people. wind of panic. As college graduates, you have an extra Most of the fears they would post in our responsibility to carry the ball for your MESSAGE FROM THE HOUSE nightmares are vague and diffuse.- Fears brethren. You must become active and in- about hidden enemies so secret that we can't volved citizens in your home communities- A message from the House of Repre- hope to see them. Fears about ideologies so in civic and community affairs, and yes-in sentatives by Mr. Berry, one of its read- insidious that they are said to infect Presi- politics. - - - ing clerks, announced that the House dents and Supreme Court Justices, Members You must demand a voice in these deci- had passed the following bill in which of Congress, teachers in our neighborhood sions concerning programs for the deaf, and it requests the concurrence of the schools, and professors in our colleges. you must fight to see that the right decisions Senate: Those are the panic-born fears that Fear- are made. mongers would peddle, while keeping the The right decisions that establish good H.R. 9669. An act to amend the Sub- silence of the dead about the true dangers in programs to meet the needs of the deaf, versive Activities Control Act of 1950, our society-the dangers of smugness, and in- and the right decisions in the perennial ef- as amended. difference, and complacency. forts to secure adequate funds to support So, mount your chargers, because whatever those programs. your role in helping to meet the challenges In closing, might I say again that it is you HOUSE BILL REFERRED of our time, you must expect to come up who have honored me by inviting me to be a against bigotry, conformity and fear. I'm sure participant in your graduation ceremonies. The bill (H.R. 9669) to amend the that you've already faced them-in your per- I know that feeling is shared by all of my Subversive Activities Control Act of sonal lives, and at a very early age. But you've colleagues from the Congress who are also 1950, as amended, was read twice by all persevered. And in so doing you won over here today. - its title and referred to the Committee some of those who had doubts, and fears, and It has been a special pleasure for me be- reservations about deaf people. cause I view each of you as a notch above on the Judiciary. As you leave Gallaudet, you will be severely the average college graduate. You have had tested in the most vital quality that . any special challenges in your lives. Each of you college can encourage-your individuality and met those challenges head on, you persevered FOREIGN RELATIONS AUTHORIZA- how you can fit into, and help make this a and overcome, and that speaks highly for TION ACT OF 1972 - better world. each of you. You are more formally entering a society in That confirms that fact that each of you The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- which you can trade your individuality for has those qualities that our nation needs for pore (Mr. HUGHES). Under the previous togetherness; your freedom of mind for con- our future, and that the future of our nation order, the Chair lays before the Senate fortuity; your common sense for panic or can be a better one. pessimism. the unfinished business, which the clerk There will be many pressures to do so. It ou w congratulations ngratulations to you all-we wish will state. will be easy to give in. Some of you might, y The legislative clerk read as follows: but if you do you will default on the highest Senator MAGNUSON was awarded a A bill (S. 3526) to provide authorizations promise that is yours. But I know that you doctor of laws, honoris causa, by Gal- for certain agencies conducting the foreign will not take the easy way. laudet College and the following citation relations of the United States, and for other That is why your parents, your home was presented during those ceremonies: purposes. Approved For Release 2005/01/05 : CIA-RDP74B00415R000600110023-5 Approved For Release 2005/01/05 : CIA-RDP74B00415R000600110023-5 S 8612 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE i fay ' 1, 19 The Senate proceeded to consider the shall be submitted to 1-he Congress not later of the total tr sfer of arms and mili- bill. than six months after such date. ttlry tecluiology; they do not take into ORDER OF CONSIDERATION OF AMENDMENTS Mr. ROTH. Mr. President, the amend- account small I arms and ammunition Mr. ROBERT C. BYRD. Mr. President, urent I am offering to the Foreign Rela- which are the bkisic weapons required by I ask unanimous consent that the pend- bons Authorization Act requires the insurgent grow s, artillery, or the costs ing amendments to the unfinished buss- Arms Control and Disarmament A!;en- of transferring ;fnilitary expertise. ness be temporarily laid aside and re- cy-ACDA-to prepare a comprehensive The expense df arming small countries main in a temporarily laid-aside status report to the Congress on the inter-rra- is prodigious. The U.S. military assistance until the amendments proposed by the tional transfer of conventional arms programs eurre tly run around $1.5 to Senator from Delaware (Mr. Ro'sx(, the from producing to recipient countries. $2.5 billion and ally. The Soviet Union Senator from Virginia cMr. HARRY'F. I want to thank Senators BOGGS, CASE, also bears substantial costs and has ex- BYRD, JR.), and the Senator from Illinois HART, HUMPHREY, PROXMIRE, and SCHWEI- panded its military transfers to the de- (Mr. PERCY) are disposed of. HER for their cosponsorship of this veloping world (during the past decade, The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- amendment. The amendment spells out Even China, a cdmparatively much poor- pore. Without objection, it is so ordered. a number of topics that should be covered er country, has l been a major source of In accordance with the previous order, by this report, including the problems military suppli for Pakistan. it is more the following amendments are to be con- and possibilities of international agree- and more diflicillt to ascertain benefits sidered in the following order ments regulating and limiting the trans- to these programs commensurate with Amendment No. 1202 of the Senator fer of such weapons and recommencla- their material, pplitical, and human costs. from Delaware (Mr. ROTH), on which tions for future U.S. policies in this par- Thoughtful Am ricans, for example, are there is a time limitation of 30 minutes. titularly vital and sensitive area of arms increasingly questioning the traditional Amendment No. 1196 of the Senator control. Let me outline my reasons for rationale for our military assistance pro- from Virginia (Mr. HARRY F. BYRD, JR.i, offering this amendment. grams. on which there is a time limitation with In recent years there has been tangible They ask: Dolthe grants or the credit the vote to occur not later than 12:15 progress toward controlling the testing, sales of military )equipment by this coun- p.m. emplacement, and transfer of nuclear try to developing nations help to defend Amendment No. 1209 of the Senator weapons. The most recent significant de- incipient democ, ?acies against internal from Illinois tMr. PEtecy), on which there velopment is the United States-Soviet threats or do they alter the internal bal- is a time limitation of 1 hour in the event, agreement announced Friday which ]fin- ante of power wiithin these countries in lie wishes to call up that amendment. its the race in numbers of offensive and favor of indige ous military elites? Do The Senator from Delaware is recog- defensive nuclear missiles. It is impor- our military asst ?tance programs help to nized. tant to continue to seek a fuller measure stabilize region balances of power or AMPNDMEN1 No. 1202 of nuclear arms control consistent with have they provided smaller nations with Mr. ROTH. Mr. President, I can up my our national security requirements, but the capability t project thef- limited amendment No. 1202. it is equally important to begin to explore power beyond n tional boundaries and The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- seriously ways and ineans of reducing hence the means (for aggression? Do mili- pore. The amendment will be stated. and regulating the massive international tary assistance programs reduce the like- The legislative clerk read as follows: traffic in conventional armaments. Al- lihood of Americn involvement in local On page 27, after line 24, insert the foe- though all the wars occurring among the wars in develops g countries by enhanc- lowing: developing countries since World War II ing these countries' self-defense capabil- REPORT TO CONGRESS have been largely fought with foreign ities or do they I provide the links and SEC. ;=.a3. (al The arms control Did Dis- supplied weapons, little national or in- rationale for U.S` involvement where in- armament Agency with the cooperation and ternational attention has been given to trinsic_ American) interests do not exist? assistance or other relevant government the control of this traffic. Yet, the great- Do such programs give the United States agencies including the Department or state est danger to world peace may well lie leverage over the military policies of its and the Department of Defense. shall pre- not so much in the sudden outbreak of allies and customers and hence some pare and submit to the Congress a cr,mpre nuclear warfare between the superpow- power of restrai t or do they make us hensive report on the international transfer ers, as in the step-by-step escalation of the hostage of these countries as our of conventional arms based upon existing a local war fought with conventional honor becomes a tangled with their mili- and new work in this area. The report shall u include (but not be limited to) the follow- eapons into an international war fought tary performance? Are our gifts used in ing subjects: with nuclear weapons, ways consistent with our purposes in ex- (1) the quantity and nature of the inter- While there are no precise figures on tending the aid r are they ultimately national transfer of conventional arms, in- the total magnitude of the traffic in coil- employed in was quite different from eluding the identification of the major sup- ventional arms, all the estimates point those we intended? plying and recipient countries: to massive and growing dimensions. The The same questions might well be (2) the policies of the major 55noriers of total annual value of transferred weap- asked by Soviet olicymakers. One sees conventional arms toward transfer, inched- class is estimated to be around $6 billion. very little eviden that the Soviet Union ing the lerm~ on which rhetitleer arms available vai47e are made afor transfensfer, w Researchers at the Massachusetts in- has acquired any) tangible rewards from credit, grant, or cash-and-carry basis: stit?ute of Technology collected data for Indonesia or thej United Arab Republic (3) the effects of conventional inns trans- 52 developing countries for the period commensurate with the massive military fer on international stability and. regional from 1945 through 1968. They estimated aid programs it has extended to these balances of power; that during that period these countries countries. Nor can one discern any spe- (4) the impact of con; entional grins i-rans- acquired from foreign sources more than cial benefits China has received from its for on the economies of supplying and reci- 8,000 combat aircraft; over 2,000 military military aid to Pakistan. The arming of pient countries: (5) the history of any negotiations on con- transport aircraft; nearly 4,000 trainer developing count>ies has not led to any ventional arms transfer. including pass poll- aircraft; 1,300 light transport, observt- changes in the international balance of tics adopted by the United states ;end other tion, and liaison aircraft; 1,500 helicop- power. It does, however, carry within it suppliers of conventional arms: ters; nearly 14,000 tanks; 9,000 armored the inherent th at of superpower con- '6) the major obstacles to negot.iat.iwns on personnel carriers; 3,000 armored cars; frontation as rec t events in Southeast conventional arms transfer, 300 warships; nearly 500 landing ships Asia so well illus rate. It may not have (7) the possibilities for limiting conven- and landing craft; and over 900 patrol caused any wars that might otherwise tional arms transfer, including potentialities craft. have not taken place, but it certainly has for international agreements, approaches on a ne onelrsby-ste The same study estimated that for made the wars inl such places as South- and regional arms limitations; and s these countries merely to maintain con- east Asia, South 4sfa. and Nigeria more t8) recommendations for future United slant force levels by replacing this equip- bloody and destrubtive. The main results States policy on conventional arms transfer. ment as it wears out, their annual de- of the massive arming of developing (b) The report required by subsection (a) mand would be on the order of 850 air- countries have been stalemate and an shall be submitted to the Congress not: later craft, 500 tanks, 400 armored personnel increased level of international tensions. thatr one year after the date of the en- carriers and armored cars, and 45 naval I believe that it would be the beginning actnient of this Act, and an interim report craft. These figures represent only a part of wisdom for both superpowers to en- Approved For Release 2005/01/05 : CIA-RDP74B00415R000600110023-5 May 31, 1972 Approved For Release 2005/01/05 : CIA-RDP74B00415R000600110023-5 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD --SENATE S 8613 gage in negotiations leading toward the atmosphere which contributed to later regulation and limitation of supplies of agreements on nuclear arms. military weapons to other countries. What forums are appropriate for President Nixon, in his address to the negotiations on the transfer of conven- Soviet people, spoke of the responsibility tional arms? For some categories of of the superpowers "ot practice restraint weapons bilateral agreements between in those activities-such as the supply the superpowers maye be enough to im- of arms-that might endanger the peace pose a reasonably satisfactory degree of of the developing areas." I very much control. For other weapons, a multi- hope that the Soviet Union will heed lateral conference of the Committee on this call. At the same time I believe that Disarmament at Geneva may be a more .we must look to our own part of this re- sponsibility by developing an American policy toward the international transfer of conventional arms. I believe that the report required by this amendment would provide, in broad outlines, the basis for such a policy. And I believe that an expression of congressional interest in this subject and a public document of our intent will not only strengthen our Government's efforts to make progress toward limiting arms transfer, but may stimulate other governments-including the Soviet Union-to declare their in- tentions as well. I am aware that the Arms Control and Disarmament Agency has prepared and sponsored a number of studies on the subject of conventional arms transfer. I am also aware that the United States has called for greater attention to this issue at the Geneva-based Conference. of the Committee on Disarmament. But there is nothing yet approaching a cohe- sive set of American policy objectives, nor, to my knowledge, has the United States presented any specific proposals for limiting conventional transfer at any international forum. The lack of progress in this area is partly a reflection of the many difficult and complex considerations that require the attention of our diplomats and execu- tive departments before an American policy can even be formulated. Let me give some illustrations of the considera- tions which ACDA must grapple with in preparing the report required by this amendment. What would constitute a reasonable level of military assistance to smaller countries? Obviously, these countries do have legitimate internal security needs, and some, like Israel, whose right to ex- istence has not been acknowledged by her neighbors, also have legitimate external What possibilities exist for limitations on arms supply to specific geographical regions? Would the countries within these regions have to initiate such limi- tations? Would an arms limitation agree- ment require a great power accord to underwrite it, for example, a neutraliza- tion agreement such as the one proposed by several Southeast Asian countries? What can be done about the vast quantities of weapons that are consid- ered obsolete by the superpowers? As the superpowers introduce more modern air- craft, ships, and small arms, the weapons these replace are often given to develop- ing countries as military assistance in- stead of being scrapped. This practice tends to make the level of assistance linked more closely to the rate of weap- ons development in the donor countries than to the actual security needs of the recipient countries. Perhaps internation- al agreements could be reached on the disposal of obsolete equipment. How can middle-sized arms suppliers be induced to cooperate in efforts to reduce the traffic in weapons? This is a particularly difficult issue because the middle-sized suppliers incur fewer politi- cal risks from their activities than the superpowers, and may achieve signifi- cant economic benefits both in balance- of-payments terms and in support for maintaining profitable levels of produc- tion of more sophisticated weapons. Other problems exist. How can we more effectively prevent the retransfer of weapons from our aid recipients to coun- tries or groups whose interests may be entirely different from our own? Would the collection of statistics on conven- tional arms movements by the U.Nr-as proposed by several member govern- ments facilitate greater international ap- preciation of the size and growth of this traffic? The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- pore. Who yields time? Mr. FULBRIGHT. I yield myself 5 minutes. Mr. President, I think the amendment by the distinguished Senator from Dela- ware is excellent. I certainly will sup- port it. It is an area in which the Arms Control Agency has authority; but, so far as I know, it has never undertaken such a comprehensive review of conventional arms. Hopefully, in view of the ending of the war in Vietnam, there will be great sur- plus there and elsewhere in the world. I think it is an excellent amendment, and I would be pleased to accept it. If I had thought of it in committee, I would have offered it there. I congratulate the Senator for bringing it up. I think it is a worthwhile and timely amendment. We should encourage them to make a thor- ough review and a comprehensive report on the status of conventional arms all over the world. We ourselves have done a great deal in distributing the arms. It is our responsibility, I think, to' review the situation. So I would be very glad to take the amendment and I certainly as- sure the Senator I will support it as hard as I can in conference because it'is a good amendment. I am prepared to yield back my time if the Senator from Delaware wishes and we can vote on his amendment at once. Mr. ROTH. I thank the Senator for his kind comments. Mr. President, I yield back the remain- der of my time. Mr. FULBRIGHT. Mr. President, I yield back the remainder of my time. The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- pore (Mr. HUGHES). All time on this amendment has now been yielded back. The question is on agreeing to amend- ment No. 1202 of the Senator from Dela- ware (Mr. ROTH) . The amendment was agreed to. AMENDMENT NO. 1196 The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- pore. Consideration of amendment No. 1196 by the distinguished Senator from Virginia (Mr. HARRY F. BYRD, Jr.) now recurs under the previous order. The clerk will state the amendment. The assistant legislative clerk pro- ceeded to read the amendment as fol- lows : On page 30, delete lines 12 through 18. The language sought to be deleted is as follows: REPEAL OF RHODESIAN SANCTIONS PROVISIONS SEC. 503. (a) Section 10 of the Strategic and Critical Materials Stock Piling Act, as added by section 503 of Public Law 92-156 (relating to military procurement authoriza- tions for fiscal year 1972), is repealed. (b) Section 11 of such Act is redesignated as section 10. The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- pore. Who yields time? Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I sug- gest the absence of a quorum and ask unanimous consent that the time not be taken out of either side. The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem- pore. Without objection, it is so ordered, and the clerk will call the roll. security problems. It would not be wise There are no simple answers to these to stimulate the growth of many costly and the many other questions that must and inef icient arms industries in the de- be considered when reassessing our veloping world at the expense of eco- policies toward the aiming of smaller nomic progress by restricting the exter- countries. But, we begin to examine these nal supplies of weapons to levels below questions and formulate specific policy those required to meet legitimate security proposals. This is why I am asking for requisites. At the same time, the super- a report from the Arms Control and powers should halt the practice of ag- Disarmament Agency containing policy gressively peddling arms and emphasiz- recommendations. A vote for this amend- ing security threats to potential recip- ment is a request for a thorough evalua- ients that exist more in the imaginations tion of the policy options on conventional of the donors than in the perceptions of arms transfer open to this country. It is their clientele. an exercise in responsible congressional What categories of weapons are most participation in foreign policy. Certainly susceptible to international agreements? we can all agree that this would be a For example, a beginning might be made better and safer world if the number of in sophisticated and conspicuous equip- instruments of coercion were reduced. ment such as warships, which could pro- And all can agree that the vast material vide an impetus for further international and monetary resources we and other cooperation dealing with other weapons countries pour into weapons could be systems much as the Limited Test Ban better used to enrich the quality of our Treaty helped provide the psychological lives and societies. Approved For Release .2005/01/05 : CIA-RDP74B00415R000600110023-5 Approved For Release 2005/01/05 : CIA-RDP74B00415R000600110023-5 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE May 31, 197:" The second assistant legislative clerk proceeded to call the roll. Mr. HARRY F. BYRD, JR. Mr. Presi- dent. I ask unanimous consent that the order for the quorum call be rescinded. The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. STEVENSON). Without objecton, it is so ordered. Mr. HARRY F. BYRD, JR. Mr Presi- dent, I yield myself 5 minutes. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- ator from Virginia is recognized for 5 minutes. Mr. HARRY F. BYRD, JR. Mr. Presi- dent, the pending amendment would keep the law as it is now insofar as the im- portation of chrome from Rhodesia is concerned. Last year the Senate and then the House of Representatives passed leg- islation which said that if a strategic material is being imported from a Com- munist-dominated country, the President could not prohibit the importation of that same strategic material from a non- Communist country. The Senate adopted that provision and the House approved it by a vote of 251 to 100. The Foreign Relations Commit- tee in the Foreign Relations Act of 1972 now seeks to eliminate that provision. The pending amendment which I have introduced would keep the law as it is. Mr. President, it seems to me appro- priate that if the United States finds it necessary to import a strategic material from a Communist-dominated country- which in this case is Russia-the same material should not be prohibited from being imported from a non-Communist country. The situation that the United States found itself in-and the reason the legislation was enacted last year and be- came effective January 1 of this year after having been signed by the Presi- dent-was that up to that point 60 per- cent of all the importation of chrome came from Communist Russia. That is another way of saying that the United States became dependent on Communist Russia for this vital raw material. And when the Congress considered the mat- ter, it reached the, conclusion that that was not a very logical situation to permit to exist. I do not know why the Committee on Foreign Relations wants-to repeal an act which just became effective this past January. Nevertheless, it has been pro- posed that this provision be repealed. I want to emphasize that when the roll was called in the Senate and in the House of Representatives, taken together, repre- sentatives from 46 of the 50 States sup- ported the provision which subsequently became law. So this is not a regional mat- ter; it is a national matter. It is not a State Department matter; it is a national defense matter. Does the United States want to continue to be dependent on Communist Russia for a vital war mate- rial? That is the issue. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The time of the Senator has expired. Mr. HARRY F. BYRD, JR. Mr. Presi- dent, I reserve the remainder of my time. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Who yields time? If no one yields time, time will run equally against both sides. Mr. McGEE addressed the Chair. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Chair recognizes the Senator from Wyoming. Mr. McGEE. Mr. President, I will take only a very few moments at this time. We have colleagues, I suspect, coming into the Chamber who wish to address them- selves to this question. Before I proceed I ask unanimous con- sent that the legislative director of my staff, Mr. Robert Bullock be permitted to join me on the floor during the course of this discussion. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without objection, it is so ordered. Mr. McGEE. Mr. President, I wish to make two or three points quickly as we recapitulate the issues in connection with this question. Considering where we are today some 8 or 9 months since the Senate acted on this question last October 6, it is vital that we have a look backward at what has happened in the wake of that Senate action. During the debate in October last year one of the points that was made re- peatedly in this Chamber was that we should at least hold off with Senate ac- tion for about 30 days until the British and the Rhodesians could complete their negotiations, which were even then un- derway. They had been negotiating off and on for a considerable length of time to try to reach a compromise on their im- passe in regard to the status of the Ian Smith government in Rhodesia, in its relationship to the United Kingdom, and most important of all, its proposals for effecting a transition into independence with an accord that would spell some hope for the 95 percent or more black Africans in Rhodesia's population. The Senate in its wisdom chose not to suspend any action until those negotia- tions were over. In fact, we acted even as the talks between the British and the Smith government were reaching a cli- max. The result, in hindsight, is now very clear: The moment the Senate took the action it did, that vote was transmitted by the news services to Rhodesia, at which point we have the testimony of both Governments that it froze and hard- ened the Rhodesian Government's nego- tiating position. The upshot of it was that out of those talks came a less than equi- table compromise. The Rhodesian gov- ernment of Ian Smith was emboldened to resist even more firmly the pressures for compromise and its firmness in re- sisting them was triggered in large meas- ure, we are told, by the action of the U.S. Senate on the sanctions. I have just returned from a conference on the Isle of Jersey this month with our British contemporaries, many of our Canadian contemporaries, and an assort- ment of experts on Africa. The purpose of the conference was to examine the status of many African questions now, but. the point made to me personally by leaders of the Labor Party in England and by the leaders of the conservative government, was that the, bargaining in a realistic sense once the Senate took its action withdrawing from sanctions against Rhodesia; and the substance of this judgment is borne out now by the Pearce Commission report. The Pearce Commission was set up to assess the consequences of the agreement that was reached between the British conservative government and the Ian Smith government in Rhodesia. What the Pearce Commission concluded after 10ng, tortuous, aid everyone agrees, fair hearings, was that the terms of the hardened agreement were unacceptable to the 95-percetit-black population in Rhodesia. What this meant in very blunt terms is that thF~ Senate of the United States, by its action in withdrawing its full participation in sanctions against Rhodesia, contributed to the sabotage of efforts to negoti ,e an equitable compro- mise between R odesia and Her Majes- ty's government i i London. That is a, serious charge, Mr. President, but it is a charg( that the Senator from Wyoming alone does not make; it is a charge containe now in the record of the history of those times that we are now privileged t examine in hindsight. My petition here today is that the Sen- ate soberly reconsider what it did. The British petitionrs, the African peti- tioners, and theI United Nations peti- tioners, too, req est that action. They ask for one mor chance to look at the question. Again acid again, those persons coming out of Rhodesia and those who are more widely! versed in connection with the entire vkst continent of Africa are saying that the prospect of a violent settlement of the questions in that part of the world is g eater now in the wake of the continue impasse in Rhodesia than before. I wo ild be the first to point out that the United States single-handed cannot solve all] the problems of the world, but we have influence and what we do, and say makes a great difference to people all over this globe, and it makes a particular di erencle to people in Africa. I would stress that what looms even larger than t did last October is a second implicatio involved in the action that this body is now being requested to take. That is the rol . of the United States itself in the Unite Nations, and the role of the United Nailions as man's only re- maining hope of omething just a little bit better for our t ?orld. Let me spell out why the U.N. looms very large this morning as we share our thoughts on this troublesome problem. At the point away pack in 1966 when rela- tions between Great Britain and Rhode- sia had reached tieir crisis, when it ap- peared at that tittle as though the only likely recourse was a shoot-out in Rhode- sia, the United States interceded as an honest broker and begged the British not to take a precij)itous position; begged the Rhodesians not to respond in a pre- cipitous way. and said, "Let us give it one more chance." We urged that the issue be taken to the United Nations, where it had not been lodged until that time. Partially at our behest, t rough. our persuasion as the honest broker in that dispute, the question was turn d over to the 'U.N. My friend from Virginia has often reiterated his stroipg support of the Unit- ed Nations. I have reiterated mine. That is why I think it; is important that we look at the U.N. rape in this question and what is at stake, !because by the judg- ment of the United Nations, a program of sanctions was ordered against Rhodesia. Approved For Release 2005/01/05 : CIA-RDP74B00415R000600110023-5 Approved For Release 2005/01/05 : CIA-RDP74B00415R000600110023-5 May 31, 1972 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE S 8615 A program of sanctions, in the modern brief remarks and to say that we are the United Nations Charter says that world with modern communications, is being judged all over the world by where body shall not interfere in the affairs of always a complication. As we well know, we stand,now. We are being judged in another nation, it shall not determine of the sanctions once they were imposed by the United Nations; but, even so, it was a serious enough matter that the Ian Smith government still today squirms under the worldwide question mark that is thrown over the legitimacy of that re- gime by this official U.N. sanctions pro- gram, and Smith is still striving to get out from under the program. It is also well to note that even the Republic of South Africa, .even Portugal, two nations that might have been ex- pected to be more or less sympathetic with the Rhodesian question, have not formally acted to break the sanctions program. The irony of it is that the United States of America, one of the principal archi- tects of the original document that came out of San Francisco at the e id of World War II, the United States within whose boundaries this great international body is lodged, the United StXes which at its own initiative persuaded the British to turn this matter over to the United Na- tions rather than go to the next stage, which could have been force, which both sides feared-the United States became the one member of the United Nations which, by the action which this body in- itiated, formally and openly broke faith with a United Nations commitment. That, Mr. President, is what our coun- try is going to be on the line for. That is the judgment that we shall have to account for as we stand before the bar of hostory when we profess in our rhetoric and in our profuse oratory about how we believe in the U.N. and how important it is that, the U.N. succeeds. I say here it is going to take a great deal more than rhetoric to reestablish our own integrity in the U.N. It is well enough to say we pay more than anybody else in the U.N., but you do not buy principles with dol- lars; you support principles with the integrity .of your deeds. That is why the whole question of the U.N. is a para- mount issue here as this body debates this question today. The United Nations has been in a low state for the past few months, for many complicated reasons. The big powers have been on the front pages and the front line, trying to resolve the differ- ences of the world. But, Mr. President, let us not be the one that gives up the last ray of hope for collective action through an organization of all of the credibility of our oral commitments to Yet that is exactly what they are at- equality among all peoples around the tempting to do in. this particular in- world; by these same black Africans stance. who predominate in that vast conti- It has the perfect capacity to recog- nent-we are not talking about a minor- nize and create all kinds of nations if ity; they are the majority; they are the it likes them, if it wants their vote in majority; they are the minority only in the United Nations. But if it does not us for some flickering gesture at the very least to give them some hope for following our lead. President Nixon is in foreign lands today-has been for over a week-lead- ing in an effort to ease the tensions of the world. The President has scored some breakthroughs in China, in the East, and still more breakthroughs in the trip to Moscow, and now in Iran, and today he goes to Poland. But I say, Mr. President, the world is round. It is not flat. In is not elongated. It is round, and a part of that round is the second largest continent in the world, the continent of Africa. And we are being judged in Africa today. So I say, Mr. President, that I think it is of the utmost importance that, with- out risk, without compromising the security of this country, without con- travening in any way the President's heroic efforts to bring peace in the world, but, in fact, complementing them and implementing them, this body would do well to rejoin the United Nations in its action in enforcing sanctions against the Government of Rhodesia for the dura- tion of the judgment of the U.N., which until now at least has been conditioned on the negotiating efforts between the British Government and the Rhodesian Government to work out a livable com- promise of their differences. Mr. President, I yield the floor. Mr. BROCK. Mr. President, will the Senator from Virginia yield me 5 min- utes? Mr. HARRY F. BYRD, JR. I am glad to yield 7 minutes to the distinguished Sen- Rhodesia, it does not recognize them, it just says, "We are going to impose sanc- tions on you and keep you from existing." I marvel at the people in this country who talk about integrity of principle, and who say that the United States should not be a world policeman. I agree with that. But then what are they doing med- dling with Greece? What are they doing coming before Congress and saying that we should not have any relationship with Greece because that nation does not fit their own personal standards of majority rule? Look at the utter hypocrisy, the sheer, rank hypocrisy of the United Nations in the instance of Taiwan. They did not happen to like the country of Taiwan. They happened to decide they wanted to play the power game, so they chose a big guy over a little guy, and said, "We are going to bring Red China into the United Nations, and at the same time we are not going to give the 14 million people on that island representation; we are going to throw them out." What a bunch of garbage there is in that position. Con- sistency? It is not consistency, it is hypoc- risy, pure and rank. Talk about the equality of all people. That is an objective we all share. I guess you can say that the people of Eastern Europe are equal in terms of the degree of slavery they suffer. But where were these people who speak out for equality when the people of Poland, the people of Hungary, or the people of Czechoslovakia sought their own freedom? Where were they then? You see, it depends on whose ox is being gored. The shoe does not seem to fit on Mr. BROCK. Mr. President, perhaps I both feet. There is no consistency of de might be accorded the privilege of sort tion here. It just depends on which side you sn of wondering aloud at some of the com- you are sayon. You sanctions," ," Rhodesia, "impose not ments made by the Senator from Wyo- you , plead and cr "and crwanand then ming. y about wanting to in- He has mentioned the rhetoric of this crease trade with Eastern Europe and debate. I would agree that it has wan- I with do the not inSoviet Union. ob- dered far afield on occasion. But when k trade that cais an n create unfair in- he begins to talk about the United Na- terdependency e ~er. I eny t that will enhance a the nce the tions, about a consistency of nhilos b y e committed a great deal of that faith. might be permitted a response, and per- try and one standard should apply that We now have a new Secretary General haps even an evaluation of the consist- standard around the world, or they of the United Nations. The United Na- ency of that remarkable body. should shut up. tions is now seeking to get off the ground There is not a Member of the Senate I do not think the people of this coun- again, in its effort as peacemaker and or a Member of Congress who does not try are being treated honestly. I do not honest broker; in efforts to resolve the hope that the United Nations will play think they are being treated honestly in differences of man around -the world. a role in creating a greater chance for the United Nations, and I do not think This is an hour when a constructive peace in this world. But if they are going they are being treated honestly by some action in this body, reinstituting the good to do that, they are going to have to de- of our political leadership, who have the faith of the Senate of the United States velop a consistency of philosophy, a con- remarkable talent to select those areas in our commitments under the Charter of sistency of position, a consistency of in- where we are going to have principles the United Nations, would be a veritable tegrity as well as this Nation, and this and to select other areas where we will shot in the arm to that sometimes be- they have not demonstrated. not have principles. leaguered body in New York. When one talks about the United Na- If there is any kind of principle in this Mr. President, that is the case that I tions and its right to impose sanctions, country, if we are going to meddle in the wanted to make this morning in these it should be remembered that a part of affairs of men and nations, if we are Approved For Release 2005/01/05 : CIA-RDP74B00415R000600110023-5 Approved For Release 2005/01/05 : CIA-RDP74B00415R000600110023-5 ? CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -SENATE 1, 19 going to say, We are not goirc to deal with your country been ase we do not like your form of government," then let us talk about dictatorships wherever they exist. Let us talk about inequality wher- ever it exists. Let us h-i honest about it, and have a common a=id consistent ap- proach to that particu,ar problem. But do not come to =.te and s -i4-,,, "Well, we do not like dictate ships, bu we will accept some because trey are liberal and we will not accept others because they are repressive," or whatever derogatory term they want to us about them- Are they dictatorships or are they not? Is there equality or is th+ -e not? Does a Russian Jeu have eq;:al reat- ment? Does a Russian naptist h cve ?qual treatment? Does a Ru -,ian Cathi)lic have equal treatment? Doei a Russian black have equal treatment' Does a Ukrainian have equal treatment? Does someone in Czechoslovakia, or Hungary, or Poland, or Rumania, or Bul?'aria, or Albania? Are they equally treated? Are they? If we are going to say, as I think we should, that it is for the people of a country to determine heir own destiny, that it is not for this Nation to try to impose its will, that this is a consistent principle which we a: e going to adhere to, it would require that that principle apply in all areas, not ,;ust in Eastern Eu- rope, not just in Vietnam or Asia. It would apply in Rhod-::sia and Africa. as well. But let us decide w.iicli angle we are going to take. Let us decide where the consistency is, when. the principle is, where the integrity s, and then let us adhere to it. And I v ould be perfectly willing to do that. You see, I happen to agree with a lot of t`_ose people in this country who have been critical of our actions in Southeast ?.pia, in one instance, when, we say we have got to make a de- cision'whether an action we take is in our national self-interest first, because this Nation cannot really be the guardian of the peace if it is not strong, and if we destroy ourselves, we are not going to be very effective in saving anyone else. Where is the American self-interest in this particular question? I think it is fair to ask. Is it in our self-interest to leave ourselves totally- at the whim and wish of one nation, the Soviet Union, for our supply of a terribly strategic material like chrome? Is it? Or should we not have an alternative source of supply'? of the world by healing with the Rus- sians, not by fighting them or by isolat- ing from them at the n foment. Jet me say- to the Senator that, in ad- dition, the Senator no doubt is aware of the fact that singe our dialogs here last October, the trail figures for last year. 1971, are now a matter of record and have been submitted t~ the President by the U.S. Bureau of Mines. Last year, the iir,- ports of chrome from the Soviet Union fell almost by h~.lf. In 1970, almost 2 years ago, we weite importine 58 percent of our chrome from the U.S.S.R. Last, year we imported 36 percent from the Soviet Union. Where did we get the dif- ference? Our imports from Turkey last year-and may I' submit that Turkey is an ally of the United States-were 39 percent. I think we ought to lay to rest the factor of wli"e we are getting our chrome, even in terms of its price. We ought to renind ourselves, as well. that this body, a ter our action last fall, passed S. 773. That measure authorizes the disposition of 1,300,000 tons as ex- cess to our chroc pile. That in itsel there is no great should remind us that tense of urgency in na- d defense needs, if, by the best judgme sponsibility it is t int of those whose re- ~o maintain that stock- pile-and by the judgment of the Armed Services Committee we passed this re- lease of 1,30O.00K1 tons--we can afford to do that withott risk to this Nation. I agree with that. What it does put back into perspective is the issue of the sources of our chrome ore. Some of our' chrome ore, Mr. Presi- dent, is coming from the Soviet Union, from whence it I has come for a good many years. It iscomina even more from Turkey now. Forithat reason, I sought to inject these modifications of the sugges- tions that were being made by the Sen- ator from Tennessee. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The tiros of the Senator has expired. Mr. BROCK. Mr. President, will the Senator yield? 11 Mr. HARRY #. BYRD, JR. I yield to the Senator from Tennessee such time as he desires. . double the world price for chrome? Be- Nations. We are participating as a mein- Mr. BROCK. "Let me say, first, that cause that is what happened the day we ber of that collective body that has voted there is no Metnber of this body for put the embargo on. The world price to take collective action on the sanctions whom I have gileater respect, affection. went up by two, and the American house- question. This is no meddling in the in- and regard, in terms of protecting our wife, the American consumer, the Ameri- ternal affairs of an independent nation. national interest, than the Senator from can defense industry, and the American Part of the problem is how to bring Wyoming. I kn w of his integrity and taxpayer are paying the difference. about the legal transition of Rhodesia, a his ability in thin matter. We happen to The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- member of the empire, into some kind of be thoroughly ifn disanreement on this ator's time has expired. status of independence, and that is basic- issue, and 1 respect hint for that as well. Mr. BROCK. May I have 2 additional ally Britain's question. This phase of it But let me poibtt out that when we are minutes? she sought to turn over to the United able to release tome chrome from our Mr. HARRY F. BYRD, JR. Mr. Pres- Nations, as many colonial questions 1r-we stockpile, it is because z,:e have altetna- ident, I yield the Semi tor from Tennessee teen, in the hope of finding a solution tive sources of slupply, because the Sen- 5 additional minutes, to it. ate authorized the purchase of chrome Mr. BROCK. The American taxpayer The second fact that needs to be kept from many sources. pays for the policies of the Government clear on the record has to do with the If we did not wave alternative sources that decided it wanted to impose its will. Soviet Union and our dependence on it of supply, if weiwere totally dependent, upon other governments. What is the for chrome we need. Let us set that tee- as the Senator's position would leave us, real difference between military inter- ord straight. First of all, the President on the Soviet Ullion, then we could by no veiaion and imperialistic intervention by of the United States happens to have an economic device? It is the same thin c. believed that our, security was enough It is an imposition of will, an infringe - at stake to go to Moscow. The President meat upon the free process. of the United States believes that we can t.erests are very much at stake in this pa:-ticular matter. I happen to think the Ut,ited States cannot afford to be de- perident upon the Soviet Union for its i source of chrome. I happen to think thy" U.S. taxpayer, the U.S. consumer, hits a right to expect his Government to ai- lotr hint to buy any material he wants, an y place he can, at the best price he can possibly buy it for. If that means we cs-i buy it in Rhodesia or Canada or South Guam, I do not care. But to sty otherwise is to violate his freedom, and it is not the prerogative of this body. Tt is not the prerogative of this body to jutringe upon the free process of Amct- ic,.ns wherever they be and whatever ac- tii ity they want to undertake, so long as that activity does not infringe upon the rights of others. We have a basic question before this body. The question is whether or not this country is going to be consistent, whether it is going to be impartial, whether it is going to have integrity of principle, or whether it is going to play the game of catering, catering to a few in the intellectual world or in the press who say, "We want to select whom we are going to deal with. We are going to select those people we want to associate with. We are going to make the Ameri- can people pay for it whether they like it or not." Well, it is wrong. I support the Senator from Virginia. Mr. McGEE. I yield myself 5 minutes. Mr. President, I respond to the Sena- tor from Tennessee by way of making sure that the record stands correctly in accord with at least the best facts on which we can lay our hands. First, in regard to the allegation that we are meddling in the internal affairs of another government, an independent government. Mr. President, I challenge that, as a matter of fact. Southern Rho- desia is a part of the British Empire. Rhodesia has not been set up legally as an independent entity. That is what part of tlae negotiations are all about. It is a. member of the British Empire by inter- national law. We did not interfere in Rhodesia. The British requested that this matter be turned over to the United Na- We are a member of the United tions Approved For Release 2005/01/05 : CIA-RDP74B00415R000600110023-5 ` Approved For Release 2005/01/05 : CIA-RDP74B00415R000600110023-5. May 31, 1972 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -SENATE S 861 7 means have any confidence that we at the present time, according to the selves in too many things all over the should reduce our stockpile of chrome. emergency stockpile board. We have world. Certainly we have no business get- Second, why do we buy chrome from enough for 2 years if diverted totally for ting involved, in that matter, as to Turkey? One reason is that the Soviet commercial use without touching the whether Rhodesia should be independ- Union jacked up the world price so high basic stockpile. Keeping this record ent of Great Britain. that it made it possible for inefficient straight and in perspective, the amount The fact is that the only thing Rho- producers to get into the market, and we of ore we will be getting from Rhodesia desia is doing is what the United States can begin to see higher prices elsewhere. by letting down our sanctions and giving did in 1776, seeking their independ- As a matter of fact, we were paying dou- away a principle, sabotaging United Na- ence- ble the world price because the Soviet tions policy and calling into question our Mr. HARRY F. BYRD, JR. I do not Union put it there, and we had no choice own commitment to the United Nations, say on the floor of the Senate whether but to buy chrome there. injuring our image in a vast continent they should have independence, but I With respect to the President's trip to where we hope to improve our relations think they should have the right to ob- Moscow and the fact that the Senator and protect our flanks if need be, and tain that independence if that is their believes the President went to Moscow would amount to about 50,000 tons from desire. I do not think the United States because he had confidence in our ability Rhodesia. That is the anticipated sum should seek to prevent that from being and our strength to negotiate with the for this year. The President has en- done. Soviet Union from a sincere position on dorsed this proposal of mine.to resume The able Senator from Tennessee both sides, I think the President's trip sanctions with our Government officially raised another point about the cost of to Moscow was one of the greatest steps pledged to full compliance. I say to this material having been substantially toward peace in my lifetime, and I sup- my good friends from Tennessee it begins raised as a result of unilateral action by port the President in his effort. "But I to look like a pretty thin case to argue the President of the United States some point out to the Senator from Wyoming that our strategic interests are at stake. years ago. that the President did not go to Moscow Mr. BROCK. With regard to the Presi- You know, Mr. President, Congress and sign a treaty which turned over to dent of the United States, I could say never put these sanctions on. It was done the Soviet Union the responsibility for that he can be wrong, too. unilaterally by the President. As a re- our collective defense. He did not ask the Mr. HARRY F. BYRD, JR. Mr. Presi- sult of those sanctions, the price has Soviet Union to defend America. He did dent, the distinguished Senator from skyrocketed. It is affecting jobs all over not ask them to put their missiles in Wyoming says that we want to set the America. front of our shores to protect this coun- record straight, and I think it is a good Mr. President, I hold in my hand a try from attack. He went over there to thing to do. It is important that we set telegram from William J. Hart, director negotiate an arms limitation on both the record straight. of District 19 of the United Steelworkers sides, so that neither would fire at the The expert on the stockpile situation of America. The telegram is sent from other. is the distinguished Senator from Tarentum, Pa. It reads: What the Senator from Wyoming is Nevada (Mr. CANNON), who is the chair- Once again I urge you to oppose repeal of asking us to do is to put our defense in man of the Stockpile Subcommittee of the Byrd amendment as contained in sec- their hands, at their disposal; because the Armed Services Committee. He will tion 503 of S. 3526. This matter is of great if we are dependent, in fact, upon the be here in a few minutes to discuss the concern to the specialty steel industries and Soviet Union at some future date because stockpile situation. as a consequence is directly involved in the of his amendment, if we are dependent But I will say at this point that the continued employment of United Steelwork- upon them as the sole source of chrome, record will show the Senator from Nevada ers of America mernUers. then he is saying that we might as well stated last year, in debate on the floor of So, Mr. President, that is another rea- put our entire collective security at their the Senate, that his subcommittee and son why the action taken by Congress disposal and say, "Protect us from harm." presumably the Armed Services Commit- last year should not be overturned. There The Senator obviously knows that we are tee as a whole, would not recommend are many jobs at stake. not going to do that sort of thing. That the release of this stockpile of 1.3 mil- The distinguished Senator from is why I think it is terribly dangerous for lion tons were the proposals which i Wyoming (Mr. McGEE) mentioned my this country not to afford itself of 'any made last fall to be rejected. It was be- strong support for the United Nations. source of supply we must have in order cause of what Congress did last year that That is correct. to maintain our security. the Stockpile Subcommittee recommend- I came back from Okinawa in the Mr. McGEE. I thank the Senator for ed the release of 1.3 million tons from the Pacific in May of 1945 at the time the his further development of this matter. stockpile. United Nations was being formed. I felt I would hasten to add two things. The The stockpile today has roughly a 3- it would be a world organization which first is that this administration has en- year supply of chrome. There are prob- would make it unnecessary for persons dorsed my position. The President of the ably some Senators who do not believe like myself in future years to have to United States has said that they approve in a stockpile. Maybe they would say to be sent into battle on foreign soil in far- of this section of the bill. This is the take it all out. But the purpose of the away areas. same President the Senator-has been al- stockpile is to protect the United States I had great hopes for the United luding to, who went to Moscow, and he is in the event of an emergency. Nations, but I must say that it has not not about to let our defenses down. It has been concluded that the United lived up to those hopes. It is a different I certainly agree that anything we States needed a 3-year supply in the United Nations today from what it was might reduce is on a quid pro quo basis. event of an emergency. That is approxi- then. There were 51 members at that It is negotiated. That is the only sensi- mately what the United States has today. time, all with long-established govern- ble thing. But let me add to that what As I say, the distinguished Senator ments. Today there are 131 member the release of the stockpile really rep- from Nevada (Mr. CANNON) will be here nations, very few of which have a his- resents. 1.3 million tons is being au- shortly to give the exact figures. The fig- tory of established governments. thorized in this pending legislation. What ures I have given are close to being the But, be that as it may, my concern is is coming in from Rhodesia in the so- precise figures. for the United States. That should be our called new source of supply if the present The Senator from Tennessee raised foremost concern. We certainly want to rate continues for the full year, will be several important points. One is that the help the United Nations if we can but I, 50,000 tons. The Senator cannot tell the United States has no business interfer- for one, do not want to put the affairs Senator from Wyoming that that was ing in the internal affairs of another of this country in the hands of the the reason for our releasing 1.3 million country. That is what it is doing. United Nations. tons from our own strategic reserves. The Whether Rhodesia should be depend- Mr. President, just why an effort real reason is, if I may point out, this ent on Great Britain, a colony of Great should be made here to repeal a law was recommended by the President even Britain, or whether it should be inde- which passed and became effective only before the issue came up a year ago. pendent of Great Britain, is a matter to in January is not entirely clear to me. We have enough reserves left excess to be decided by those countries. The United You know, Mr. President, under exist- the stockpile, 2.2 million tons, to States has no business getting involved ing law, the President can prevent the meet the defense needs for 20 years in that. We have been involving our- importation of chrome from Rhodesia. Approved For Release 2005/01/05 : CIA-RDP74B00415R000600110023-5 Approved For Release 2005/01/05 : CIA-RDP74B00415R0006001100;3-5 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE 1'~~Tct r/ 1, 19;.2 13 8618 All he has to `ay is ths' we shalt not im- mater comes up for a vote, that th,:y example fcrrochromg, and Lot the ferro or _:, port any chrome from Russia and then, want to make it clear that the steel- for example chromit, upon hech the indi . try depends. The la 'c of ex_ess to Rhodesi-:_FI impossible to import chrome from Rho- o the sanctions imposed against de ia. Rhodesia. It is obvious, however, that if we do There being no objection, the letter tict need chrome ore, the President would was ordered to be printed in the REcoi.l,, do just that. He would say that it is not as follows: necessary to import chrome from Russia. UNITED STEELWORKERS OF AMERICA, Therefore, under the law it is not pos- Pittsburgh, Pa., September 29, 1971 Bible to import chrome ore from lion. GALE W. McGee, Rhodesia. It a.shington, D.C. the Sen te R SENATOR MCGEE: Recentl DE y A So there is a means tinder the present debated a provision of the Military Procure- law to uphold the action of the United meet Authorizations Act, 1972 (H.R. 868 a 6 , Nations if this is what the Government reported out by the Senate Armed Services wants to have done. We do not have to Committee, which would permit the United change the law. It can be done under the S'~aees unilaterally to breach the United 1'.a- present law. tions' embargo against Rhodesia for the pur- pose of importing chrome ore or chromate. December. So I do not know why we have Because of the official social and racial ;n- justices perpetrated by the Rhodesian gov- all of this concern about the United Na- ernment against its citizens, the UN appli':d tions being so heavily involved. the economic solution of an embargo -until The sanctions were put on unilaterally such time as that government through Ile- by the President of the United States, gotiations would correct such indignities. President Johnson, some years ago. And The impact of the embargo, as far as chro- niite is concerned is that the American fer- roalloy express producers have increased their pnr- opportunity to express itself lf on this issue chases of Russian chrome ore from a level of was last fall. Both the House and the 33 per cent in 1966 to a level of 58 tier Senate then voted to make it possible to cent in 1971. life the sanctions insofar as this one stra- During the floor debate on your ameiid- tegic material was concerned. meat to delete this morally indefensible see- Mr. President, how much time do I 'ion and to maintain the embargo, Senator have remaining? Harry Byrd (Va.) read a telegram from a The PRESIDING OFFICER i Mr. MON- Al r. William Hart, who specifically identified himself as a member of the executive board DALE). The Senator from Virginia has 30 of the United Steelworkers of America, in minutes remaining. support of the effort to destroy the effec- Mr. HARRY F. BYRD, Jr. Mr. Presi- tiveness of the embargo. Let me assure you dent, I reserve the remainder of my time. diet his telegram neither was endorsed by Mr. MCGEE. Mr. President, 1. yield my- the executive board of nor does it reflect Self 5 minutes. the position of the Steelworkers. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The The United Steelworkers of America sup- ports the intent of the embargo and its Senator from Wyoming is recognized for continuation. We feel that as a nation, and 5 minutes. iii conjunction with other nations, we must Mr. McGEE. Mr. President, I would be socially concerned about basic human like to respond to my good friend, the justice and, if need be, sustain an economic Senator from Virginia and cooperate price for that conviction. Furthermore, this with him and try to get along until the is one of the few occasions on which the Senator from Nevada Mr. CANNON) gets United Nations acted as the moral con- here. We have a commitment with him science of the world. Its effort, therefore, should continue to have the support of this regarding his speech. I want to respond country if the purpose of a United Nations to some of the points raised by the dis- organization is to be meaningful. To break anguished Senator from Virginia. the embargo on this item will surely lead to Mr. President, I think we ought to a breaking of the embargo on other items. keep the record clear on where the Arguments on the floor indicated that the steelworkers of America stand on this Senate Foreign Relations Committee had pre- issue, since the Senator from Virginia vrously rejected this measure; that fully three raises that point. years before the embargo we were already importing almost- 40 per cent of chromate During the debate last fall we sub- from Russia (49 per cent in 1963); and that reitted the testimony of Mr. Abel, the there is a governmental request to release 1.3 president of the United Steelworkers of million tons of chrome from the strategic America. The president of the United stockpile, thereby belying any charge of Steelworkers of America said that under strategic shortage of this mineral. no circumstances have the steelworkers However, as regards to the threat of job of the United States endorsed the Byrd loss in the specialty steel industry in Peon- amendment. Mr. Abel said they believe sylvania or elsewhere, it is in no way affected in the United Nations and they want the by the importation of chomite from Rus;:ta. Our problem in that industry is due to the record to be straight. Nor does Mr. Hart, inordinate levels of specialty steel imports Mr. Abel went on to say, speak for the from Japan and Europe and not to the source steelworkers. Mr. Hart, a member of the of chromate imports. To correct the specialty executive board, speaks for himself. steel trade imbalance we have supported r, eel The steelworkers go on record as stress- quota legislation and/or voluntary agree- ing the fact that American jobs are not ments. However, the importation of chronic at stake with regard to this issue. And ore from Russia does not aggravate the im- we believe that is one of the important portation of specialty steel. It certainly did not do so in the three years prior to the facets of American policy, embargo. Mr. President, I ask unanimous con- The ferroalloy industry is also beset by fer- sent to have printed at this point in the roalloy imports. We have supported their con- RECORD a letter from Mr. I. W. Abel, tention before the Office of Emergency f're- president of the United Steelworkers of paredness for quota relief. But the relief was America, that stresses once again, as this to be directed against ferroalloy imports, for of chrome ore imparts: The fact that sam ferroalloy producers own pi:,lgrues in Rho- desia should not sway the united States d:3- cision to maintain tie elubargo. Our problems, tl t-refo.e, in the specially stee? industry andI the ferroalloy indus4n can be s6t,7ed by quota controls and not b,s breaking the Rhodei'.fan embargo on chrome ore. We hope that this untimely and so- cially indefensible provision of H.R. 8687 will be dropped either ir conference or by further action by the Senate. The price of huosami dignity should not be measured in terms (if the cost of chormilie In the United States market. Sincerely ouks, President. N[r. McGEE. Mr President, I ask unan- imous consent td have printed in the RECORD a letter f ?om John J. Sheehan, legislative directs ? of the United Steel- workers of Ameri4a. There being n objection, the letter was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, as follows: UNITED STEEI. wo KERs ,,rs AMERICA. Washington, D.C., May 4. 1972. Hon. GALE W. MC EE, U.S, Senate, Washington, D.C. DEAR SENATOR M .GEE: The United Steel- workers of America has maintained that up- holding the United Nations embargo against Rhodesian chrome ore does not affect jobs of American Steelworkers. The recent release of excess chrome frim the strategic stockpile further indicates t bat it is not necessary for the United States to continue to violate the embargo. A February 22, 1 2 article in the American Metal Market state that, "Uncertainties con- tinue to surround he Rhodesian chorme ore picture with respe t to p. ices and supplies moving to the Un ted States . . The Rho- uction and sale f since the sanctio United Nations. Rhodesian gover has controlled the pro- all mines in Rhodesia Rhodesian import against a real or i much ore will be avail- fort axi immediate ship- 0 tons of ore." Such uu- would provide insurance ,tential crisis. prevent political +xpleitation of minorities and we should e&ipress that commitment through economi4 sanctions rather than ultimately being involved, directly or in- directly, in blo led. We, therefore, pport find urge your sup- port of Section 50 of the Foreign Relations Authorization Act of 1972 (S. 3526), which would rescind the previous action of Congress which resulted in iT breaking of the embargo. Sincerely. Jou9N J. SHEEHAN, Legislative Director. Mr. McGEE. unanimous conse RECORD a copy o lative appeal un Mr. President, I ask ant to have printed in the the Steelworkers legis- ler date of May 30, 1972. There being n objection, the copy was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, as follows: i CHRONIE ORE IMPORTS The Issue of the Untied Nations-sanctioned shortly. The deba this issue has b Approved For Release 2005/01/05 : CIA-RDP74B00415R0006001100~3-5 Approved For Release 2005/01/05 : CIA-RDP74B00415R000600110023-5 May 31, 1972 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -SENATE claims of undue hardship to the American speciality steel industry and threats of job loss to American steelworkers. As the union which would be directly af- fected by this alleged adversity, let me again emphatically state that the United Steel- workers of America fails to see any credence in these claims. Furthermore, we have al- ways supported the embargo In the past, and we support its reinstatement now. A number of points concerning competi- tion on the affected marketplace must be made clear: (1) Voluntary Trade Restraints-On May 6, 1972, the White House announced that new import accords had been reached with the Japanese and European steel producers. These agreements are designed" to prevent any further erosion of the domestic steel market by imports, explicitly including the specialty steel market (which is the market sector affected by chrome ore). In other words, our domestic production of specialty steel, for domestic consumption, will not be adversely affected because of different prices of chrome ore from different sources. (2) Price to the American Consumer-A picture has been painted by some that the American consumer is being gouged because of the removal of the Rhodesian supply as a competitive. factor. Barron's magazine, for example, states in its May 29, 1972 issue that the "sanctions cost United States consumers of stainless steel an estimated $100 million per annum.. ." The inference is that the cost of Russian chrome ore rose dramatically after the imposition of the embargo, with a resulting $100 million windfall being charged off onto the American consumer. But State Department figures reveal the following: Percent of total U.S. chrome are Tonnage imports Value majority of our chrome ore from Russia. In 1971, however, Turkey became the leading, importer at 39.4 per cent, with the USSR fall- ing back to 35.8 per cent-almost its pre- embargo level. r s s We feel that the economic arguments against the embargo are unfounded. But more important, we feel that the Rhodesian embargo must rest on its own social, not economic merits. This nation owes a deep moral commitment to the objectives of that embargo. We, therefore, support and urge your sup- port of Section 503 of the Foreign Relations Authorization Act of 1972 (S. 3526), which would rescind the previous embargo-breaking action of Congress. i * i b Y Mr. McGEE. Mr. President, the sug- gestion has been made repeatedly here that somehow the Steelworkers have copped out on this, question, because they are concerned about jobs. The United Steelworkers of America point out that American jobs are not at stake. They are not concerned about jobs. They are con- cerned about the higher principles that are involved. They do not see that any jobs are affected by the sanctions on chrome from Rhodesia. The jobs may be Rhodesian jobs, but they are not jobs in the United States of America. Mr. President, I think this ought to be spread on the RECORD as part of the true perspective of where the Steelwork- ers, who theoretically would have the most at stake in the Senator's proposal, stand. They support a return to this program of sanctions. Mr. President, I return once more to the reminder that the President of the United States has endorsed this approach because this approach is simply another one of the facets of the international policy to help strengthen the American , With the dollar value of over half of the imports being at the amounts listed in the above chart ($7.8 and $13.7 million), it is inconceivable that excess profits on the Soviet imports or even on the total imports could be $100 million. Prices may indeed be somewhat higher for non-Rhodesian ore. But we find no assur- ances from Rhodesia from which to gauge what we might expect from them in the future. A February 22, 1972 article in the American Metal Market stated that, "Uncer- tainties continue to surround the Rhodesian chrome ore picture with respect to price and supplies moving to the United States ... The Rhodesian government has controlled the production and sale for all mines in Rhodesia since the sanctions were imposed by the United Nations. At the present time, the Rhodesian government has not indicated to Union Carbide how much ore will be avail- able in 1972 [except for] an immediate ship- ment of about 20,000 tons of ore." Such un- certain circumstances would seem to place in question any assertion that the opening of Rhodesian imports provides any panacea for American consumers. (3) Steel Market Fluctuation-The rapid increase in price of USSR chrome after the imposition of the embargo has been exploited as an example of the loss of competition in the market. But another factor must also be considered. The period of this price increase coincided with boom years in the world steel market. That market has now deflated, and so has the Soviet price of chrome ore (down 15 per cent from the 1971 price). (4) Reliance Upon the USSR-In the years of 1969 and 1970, we did in fact import the 1969 ------ 299,000 57 $7,800,000 000 58 1s 700.000 1970 409 made the decision, with all due respect to the Armed Services Committee, that 1.3 million tons of chrome were in sur- plus. Yet, my friend, the Senator from Virginia, and the Senator from Ten- nessee, would have us believe here that by the purchase of 50,000 tons of chrome from Rhodesia, we justify the release of 1.3 million tons from our stockpile. That is nonsense. No one who can examine the implications of that statement can believe it. It says that we have more chrome in the stockpile than we know what to do with, and by releasing the ex- cess we are insuring ourselves of enough for our entire defense and domestic needs for 2 or 3 years ahead, besides what remains in the stockpile, which is far more. The decision says that chrome is not in any critically short supply. It further says that the price of ore is set in the world market and not in the machinations that go on in terms of Rhodesia. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The time of the Senator has expired. Mr. McGEE. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that an editorial from the New York Times of today, en- titled "Atoning on Sanctions" be printed in the RECORD. There being no objection, the editorial was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, as follows: ATONING ON SANCTIONS The Senate will get an opportunity, prob- ably today, to start pulling the United States back from a violation of international legal. obligations and the United Nations Charter. It will vote on Senator Gale McGee's bill to repeal a 1971 provision that had the effect of breaching sanctions twice invoked against Rhodesia's white minority Government by the U.N. Security Council. Prospects for repeal improved greatly with a strong declaration of support from the Administration, which made no fight against Senator Harry F. Byrd's 1971 amendment. In a letter to Mr. McGee, Acting Secretary of State John N. Irwin demolished argu- ments for the Byrd amendment, particularly the charge that by barring Rhodesian chrome imports the United States left itself dependent on the Soviet Union for strategic material. "There was no chrome shortage last year and there is none now," Mr. Irwin said. In fact, there are 2.2 million tons of excess top- grade chrome ore in the strategic stockpile. Months before Mr. Byrd submitted his amendment the Administration had asked Congress for permission to sell off 1.3 million tons-sufficient to supply this country's total chrome requirements for eighteen months or to meet defense-related needs alone for fifteen years. The United States imported more chrome in 1971 from its ally, Turkey, than from Rus- sia. The Administration also refutes the rumor that Russia Itself is violating the sanctions and reselling Rhodesian chrome to this country. Tests of Soviet ore by the Bu- reau of Customs have produced no evidence of this whatever. When Congress passed the Byrd bill it seemed probable that Britain would soon settle the Rhodesian problem with the white regime, making sanctions academic. But Rhodesia's black majority rejected the settlement and Britain perseveres. with the sanctions. By passing the McGee repealer, Congress can bring the United States back into line with most of the international com- munity and restore its traditional position in support of the United Nations, the rule of law and majority rule in southern Africa. Mr. HARRY F. BYRD,. JR. Mr. Presi- dent, I yield myself 2 minutes. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- ator from Virginia is recognized for 2 minutes. Mr. HARRY F. BYRD, JR. Mr. Presi- dent, the Senator from Nevada (Mr. CANNON) is the chairman of the Stock- piling Subcommittee of the Committee on Armed Services. In the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD under date of September 30, 1971, the Senator from Nevada said: We have 4.4 million tons in the stockpile. We held hearings on that and determined that we should not release it. They did not release it until this legis- lation was enacted last fall. Mr. President, I reserve the remainder of my time. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Who yields time? Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I sug- gest the absence of a quorum and ask unanimous consent that the time be taken equally from each side. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without objection, it is so ordered. The clerk will call the roll. The legislative clerk proceeded to call the roll. Mr. HARRY F. BYRD, JR. Mr. Pres- ident, I ask unanimous consent that the order for the quorum call be rescinded. Approved For Release 2005/01/05 : CIA-RDP74B00415R000600110023-5 Approved For Release 2005/01/05 : CIA-RDP74B00415R000600110023-5 S 8620 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE May 31, 19-12 The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. NATIONAL SECURITY CONSIDERATION; First. Rhod sia has never stopped pro- CHILES). Without objection, it is so There are important national security ducing or marketing chrome ore and the ordered. AYlA. 11A3LRL r-, x5xrn,L, ,,n. rvlr. rresi- reliance on the Soviet Union for the bulk chrome ore a dent, I yield 10 minutes to the Senator of our national needs for chrome. There ket than was from Nevada (Mr. CANNON?, chairman is no domestic production of chrome ore, ment.It only Mr. CANNON. Mr. President. I thank the distinguished Senator for yielding to me. I wish to comment on the repeal of the Rhodesian sanctions on chrome ore since I was personally involved last year as the chairman of the Senate's Stock- pile Subcommittee. As we all know, section 503 of S. 3526, the Foreign Relations Authorization Act of 1972, provides for the repeal of the Rhodesian chrome amendment-the Byrd amendment-enacted last year as section 503 of the Military Procurement Authorization Act. In order to put the issue in proper perspective, the follow- ing review may be helpful in connection with the Rhodesian sanctions provision. The Byrd amendment, enacted last year as section 503 of Public Law 92-156, provides, in effect, that the President may not prohibit the importation into the United States of a strategic commod- ity unless imports of such commodity from Communist-dominated countries are also prohibited by law. In practical effect, the section would permit U.S. im- ports of chrome and other strategic and critical materials from Rhodesia despite the U.N. sanctions against Rhodesia and the U.S. Executive order enforcing the U.N. sanctions. CHROME AND ITS USES The principal commodity. affected by the Byrd amendment is chrome. "Chro- mium is one of the top strategic metals and in 1939 along with three other metals, it was the first to be designated for stockpiling"-Mineral Facts and Problems, Bureau of Mines Bulletin 650. 1970 edition. The U,S. consumption of metallurgical grade chrome was 911,000 tons in 1970, the bulk of it going into stainless steel and other types of high performance steels. There is no adequate replacement for chromium in the manufacture of these steel products. About 10 percent of the domestic production went directly into military and defense applications-but a large percentage of chrome is devoted to other essential applications. In the electric power generating industry, stain- less steel is required to steam turbine blades because of its corrosion and heat- resistance properties. Stainless steel is essential for many transportation uses. in addition to its application in jet en- gine components. Industries where clean- liness and sanitation are critical also use substantial quantities of stainless steel because of its corrosion resistance-it does not chemically react with other materials to which it is exposed and hence will not contaminate those mate- rials. Hospitals, food-processing facili- ties, and pharmaceutical production are examples. Household appliances and kitchen tools also use chrome-but in 1968 only about 5 percent of U.S. chrome usage went for these purposes, accord- ing to U.S. Bureau of Mines data. comes from disposals from the U.S. stockpile of strategic and critical mate- rials. The Soviet Union was the source of nearly 60 percent of U.S. chrome im- ports in 1969 and 1970. The Russians supplied more than 40 percent in 1971. The other major suppliers were Turkey and South Africa. It would defeat the very purpose of the stockpile if the United States were to rely on it as a major source of chrome in the future, as it has in recent years. While there is currently a surplus of chromic in the stockpile, the surplus is not large enough to meet our needs for very long. "POLITICAL" CONSIDERATIONS Like other minerals, chrome must be mined where it is found. With the excep- tion of Turkey, all of the other major sources of metallurgical grade chrome ore are located in countries which the United States may have moral or political differences. Rhodesia and South Africa are both under the control of govern- ments which practice discrimination against blacks. The Soviet Union, of course, discriminates against Jews and many other racial and religious groups. The United States, to put it plainly. would cut off its nose to spite its face if we refused to buy chrome produced in coun- tries whose policies we do not agree with. THE ECONOMIC CONSIDERATIONS As the dominant world supplire of chrome, the Russians have driven the price from a presanction level of about $25 per ton to a 1971 high of more than $61 per ton. Witnesses from the American Iron and Steel Institute testified before Congress that this increase in the price of chrome cost U.S. consumers of stainless steel more than $100 million a year. Foreign producers of stainless steel, some of whom have benefited from the Rhodesian sanctions-because they, in fact, bought lower cost Rhodesian ore in defiance of the U.N. sanction-have in- creased their penetration of the U.S. steel market. In 1971, imports of cold rolled stainless steel sheets accounted for 32.9 percent of the domestic supply, imported - stainless steel wire for 48.3 percent of domestic supply, and imports of stainless wire rod accounted for 56.3 percent of the domestic supply. Imports at this level clearly have a serious impact on employ- ment and production in the domestic steel and ferroalloys industries. EFFECT ON RHODESIA The enactment of the Byrd amend- ment last year, at best, has had only a token effect on the economy of Rhodesia. In the presanction era, chrome exports accounted for only 2 percent of Rho- desia's export trade. In 1964, for example, Rhodesia's total exports were valued at $354 million, but only $7 million Came from chrome. There is some reason to believe that the U.S. action in permitting chrome im- ports may not have benefited the Rho- desian economy at all. This is so because: ailable on the world mar- vailable before its enact- iabled U.S. firms to legally import chrom that would otherwise have gone, in secret, to other steel-producing Byrd amendment has a reduction in the world price of chrorrle ore. The published price of Russian ch ome ore today is from $7 to $9 per ton ower than the 1971 price. The 1972 pub 'shed Russian price is from $52.82 to $54.4 per ton, delivered to a U.S. port, do -n from $61.50 in 1971- delivered to a Third. This chrome is like foreign exch for the sale of (chrome ore, and the. Byrd amendment wil, therefore, not benefit its government . EFFECT ON U.N. AND A RHODESIAN SETTLEMENT The U.N. sa actions against Rhodesia can probably b regarded as a failure, re- gardless of what Congress does about the Byrd amen ent. Economic sanctions have never bee a particularly successful diplomatic weapon. The Rhodesia sanc- tions have bee in effect almost 51,12 years without, apparently achieving their ob- jective. The sanction also have been fre- quently violate . More than 110 cases of. sanctions violations have been reported to the U.N. Sanctions Committee, includ- ing 32 which d 1 with chrome. Congression i action on the Byrd amendment, e' her last year or this, is not likely to a feet the effort to reach a settlement bet -een the United Kingdom and Rhodesia. he United Kingdom Gov- ernment reach d an agr?eeemn.t with the Rhodesian Go ernment after the con- gressional pas ge of the Byrd amend- ment, but they . is no evidence that the action of Congress had any effect what- soever on the a reement. One of the fea- tures of that greement called for ap- pointment of a ritish commission which would attempt -o determine the views of the blacks in hodesia with respect to the agreement That commission, the Pearce Commi sion has completed its work in Rhodesia and was scheduled to submit its repo ?t to the British Govern- ment by April 0, 1972. The report, how- ever, is not expected to be made public for a month or ore, to allow the British Government ti re to review it. There is no sign that a action by Congress will affect the tours of action with the Unit- ed Kingdom and Rhodesia may take in the future. It might also be noted that, the U.N. sanctions were imposed by the Security Council and c not be lifted without a vote by the Sec rity Council and that the Soviet Union ca i veto the lifting of sanc- tions. I, theref re, recommend that the Byrd amendme $ t be kept intact and that the section 503 of the Foreign Relations Authorization A4ct of 1972 which provides for the repeal of the Byrd amendment be defeated. Mr. HARRY V. BYRD, JR. Mr. Pres- ident, I thank' the able Senator from Nevada for thV excellent presentation in 1972 is $48.36 per ton, J.S. port. reduction in the price of Approved For Release 2005/01/05 : CIA-RDP74B00415R00060011009~3-5 - 11tta j usu maae ana the facts which Mr. HARRY F. BYRD, JR. I Yield the Commission meeting and we are still he has brought out. I think it is very Senator 2 minutes. important that the facts be made avail- Mr. CANNON. Mr. President, that is repot. Thist is the Pearce 1Commission able, and the Senator from Nevada, as simply not a fact. The Armed Services report. It was the subject of our confer- chairman of the Stockpile Subcommit- Committee released that ore on the basis ence earlier this month with the British tee of the Armed Services Committee, that the Byrd amendment had been parliamentarians, the Canadian parlia- is in a unique position to present to the adopted. That amount would remain in mentarians, and all the African experts Senate the facts in this case, which he the stockpile as of now had not the Byrd we could corral at that time. has just done. amendment been adopted. 'So this was What the report says is that the forced Mr. CANNON. Mr. President, will the not a decision of the Armed Services negotiation was inequitable and would Senator yield? Committee independent of the Byrd be unacceptable, by their judgment as a Mr. HARRY F. BYRD, JR. I yield. amendment. of their , as a Mr. CANNON. I may say that last It is a fact that the administration did nsRhode ia. I shall be glad to sharenthis year, when we were considering this propose the release from the stockpile, report with my friend from Nevada. That matter, we had before us in the Stock- and we went into the matter and did not is the Pearce Commission study. But it pile Subcommittee a proposal to release agree with them. Sen- or permit the sale of chrome from the Mr. McGEE. But the Senator is miss- ates took last October 6ehard ned and stockpile on the ground that it was in ing my point. That is my very point: toughened the Rhodesian negotiating excess. It is not what the Armed Services position, and the result wag t ne- The Stockpile Subcommittee held up mittee chose to.do, it is how they equate gotiati ns came up short oftthe kind of that release, because we felt that we 50,000 tons of chrome ore now, this year, thing that would be acceptable to all the needed some'source of supply other than from Rhodesia, as an excuse for releas- groups in Rhodesia. from a Communist dominated country, ing 1,300,000 tons, which the Senator I yield the floor, Mr. President. That is and it was only after the Byrd amend- said we could not release while the Byrd all I will take the time to say at this ment passed last year that the release amendment was pending and until the point. of the chrome was agreed to by the Senate had acted upon it. That does not Mr. CANNON. Mr. President, will the Stockpile Subcommittee. And I may say hang together for me, or I would think Senator yield me 2 minutes? for myself that we certainly would not for others. You do not agree to the re- Mr. HARRY F. BYRD, JR. I yield the have permitted the release of chrome lease of 1,300,000 tons because, through Senator 2 minutes. from the stockpile had not the Byrd breaking the sanction, you make. avail- Mr. McGEE. Let us go ahead with the amendment been adopted by the Sen- able 50,000. ate. If we were to go back to that posi- But I wonder whether the Senator has co1M . CANNON. Is it the Senator's posi- tion, it would be my position, certainly, taken into account the second factor; tion that we should seek, by our actions that we make a mistake in not with- namely, that the whole stress has shifted on the Senate floor, to assist factions holding from disposition from the stock- dramatically in the last year, and that of foreign governments in their dealings pile of any of the chrome that we now our importation from the Soviet Union, with each other? I do not see that at all. have. which was always a critical factor, Mr. McGEE. No, I agree. Mr. HARRY F. BYRD, JR. That is a amounting to nearly 60 percent-I be- Mr. CANNON. We did not seek such very important point the Senator from lieve 58 percent, according to the figures results initially, and should not now. Nevada has made, and I am glad he supplied us-in 1970, has dropped to 36 Mr. McGEE. No, the Senator is abso- brought it out at this point in the debate. percent this . year, according to the lutely right. Mr. President, I reserve the remainder Bureau of Mines. of my time. Where are we Mr. CANNON. If we are going to re- geing the new ore ? verse our now we would e get- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Who Not from Rhodesia, in spite of the lifting ting right into the middle of n gotiat ons yields time? of the sanctions. We are getting it in- again, as has suggested Mr. McGEE. Mr. President, I yield stead from Turkey, an ally of the United were in the middle ofrthem before. we myself 5 minutes to respond to a couple States. of points the Senator from Nevada has Mr owever, all o this is McGon tse er, if the Senate stands developed here. beside the point. I want to really turn little nego- to an- tiations. There no reason for Rhodesia The first is a repetition on my part other point that the-Senator from Ne- to negotiate. of a point I made as we were discussing vada made: that there is nothing in the But let me add this one factor that this question before the Senator from record to suggest anything happened be- he leaves out. That is that our action was Nevada arrived to -make his speech. It cause of the action of the Senate of the no interference in Rhodesia. Our role is simply that the. best estimate that we United States last October 6 when it was as the middleman and the broker can get from our own Government is adopted the Byrd amendment lifting between Great Britain and one of its that the rejection of these sanctions, sanctions. Again, earlier in the day I de- territories, a relationship that was seek- or withdrawal from the sanctions on tailed with great care my own visit in ing to negotiate a way to independence chromium, at the very most this year England with the labor party members for another member of the old British will bring in about 50,000 tons of ore. who are out of power but were the gov- Empire. That is the estimate of our own agencies. ernment at the time all this began, and . The British then took this matter to It is inconceivable to me that the with the conservative government the United Nations, and our action on release of 50,000 tons of ore by lifting which is in power now, and which is sanctions had nothing to do with back- the sanctions is going to permit even the involved in the negotiations and had ing the British; it had to do with living Armed Services Committee to change its been involved' in the negotiations last up to our responsibility, our commit- point of view, let alone the board that October. , if you will, in the United Natins, controls the strategic reserve, so that The leadership of both parties made it mThe United Nations voted the sanction. they would release 1,300,000 tons. undeniably strong that their negotia- Britain alone did not vote it. The United I think the Senator will recall with me tions hit a stone wall the moment the States alone did not vote it. The United that last year when we were debating Senate 'of the United States took that Nations did, and we are a signatory mem- this question, the decision had already action. i have since had occasion to talk her of that body. We did it in good faith. been made by the board itself that that with political groups on both sides in We followed through in good faith, and 1,300,000 tons was not needed with or Rhodesia, the one group, the Ian Smith the Senate of the United States initiated without sanctions against Rhodesia, and government, saying, "We jumped with the action that took the United States that this action had been confirmed and joy the night we got the news of the of America, as the only member of the has now been.confirmed by the Armed Senate's action lifting the sanctions," United Nations, officially out of a com- Services Committee in releasing that and the other group saying, "We came mitment by the U.N. We formally broke 1,300,000 tons in exchange for the 50,000. apart, because that was the one remain- our commitment. Nobody else broke it Mr. CANNON. Mr. President, will the ing hope we had for an equitable solu- that way; we did it here. Senator yield? tion." Mr. McGEE. I will on the Senator's The record is now clear. The Senator simMr. CANNON. Wl, Mr. President, I ply say that if we broke our commit- time. I am trying to husband my time. suggests that there has been a Pearce ment, we are one of many. There are Approved For Release 2005/01/05: CIA-RDP74BOO415R000600110023-5 Approved For Release 2005/01/05 : CIA-RDP74B00415R000600110023-5 May 31, 1972 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE S 8621 Approved For Release 2005/01/05 : CIA-RDP74B00415R000600110023-5 SENATE May 3622 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - 31 v 19 2 many, many members of the United Na- ment we have prejudiced the activities than most other sources on the world lions that are completely disregarding of other American business interests in market. The shi Ling of the chrome im-reflects that R Rhodesian chrome sanctions against neAfrica. This endangers American usi- ss in over three-fifths of our African what Rum aTisr 'oduicing and Turkey is Rhodesia, The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- itrade and nvestments alltovers inof our permanent producing dependent black duc ng hasaatisdxthe chromeamar et. ator's time expired. Mr. Mr. CANNON. I ask for half a minute Africa. These are the interests, too, that This is what brought down the price of more. require representation here by the ac- chrome some 1 percent. Steel- Mr. HARRY F. BYRD, JR. I yield the {ioonsg of Vth pbbsody. hat do we thatendis un admIt is onition relevant the one remembers the a of Senator additional minute. Mr. CANNON. As a matter of fact, particular interest to Union Carbide, to workers and fx m the AFL-CIO. Both Russia is a member of the United Na- Foote Mineral, and one or two other con- storganizations ake in k epins , sIf industry gahas in a bons, and are buying Rhodesian ore panies. from Russia, , which is highly ly suspected of I do not mind trying to protect the it is us. We find no relevance to the lift- being shipped from Rhodesia to Russia American interests. But the larger Amer- ing of sanction and importing chrome con- chance for bs. ore and processed back to us at a higher fican ee interest, and says to this xbody,tisxin the Ourtobestourchanjobs sr in restoringjothe price. Mr. McGEE. Mr. President, I yield my- elimination of the Byrd proposal now. dignity of the nited Nations, in not t time self 2 more minutes. That charge has The PRESIDING OFFICER. The time wunderc hile utting is u d Presiden his thisitn to been made before, that the Russians are of the Senator has expired. buying Rhodesian ore and smuggling it Mr. McGEE. I yield myself 1 additional E rope and to is I ask that the Senate S, Mr. Presid -mt, into the United States as Russian ore. minute. The only one making that charge is one The shift of our imports of ore from reject the pending amendment of the of the members of the steel industry, be- Russia-we have cut it almost in half distinguished Senator from Virginia, me ore cause they are trying to groom their own and are now, our buying more than from the YiTh tiPRESIDING OFFICER. Who horse. Mr. HARRY BYRD, JR. Mr. Presi- Government own Bureau of Mines, our own Societ Union-is a dramatic shift that Government agencies, our own geologists occurred last year, according to our own dmtt7what is th , situation with regard to have verified, upon examining the ore, Bureau of Mines. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- that it is an entirely different ore, that it These are factors. Mr. President, that is Russian ore. I am not a great geologist. I think require that we try to reverse ator from Virginia has 7 minutes remain- I do not know what those differences are, an action many took in good faith last i mdttthe s at.or from Wyoming has But they point out that Russian ore is fall. The history of events since has sug- 10 Mr. HARRY . rBYRD, emaining, JR. I may say to superior in grade, that it has a different gested that this matter carries with it Senator f m Wyoming as to dis- coloration, and that it has other char- more complications and more problems the tams of a to vnicalitY, when that, as a con ngsinfths year if all tinguished Senator from Nevada yielded acteristics which are identifiable, zble, if one othan the re that are small wants to be objective it. to him, hew yielding on my time. The Russians, fact, are sending they thMi. Pre President, I reserve the remainder ? Mr. McGEE. nd I was yielding on my were ore dalmos half the amount they time. The Senator from Nevada was on were sending a year ago. That is the CANNON. Mr. President, will the the Senator fr m Virginia's time, and I reason why it is important that we keep ep of HARRY F. BYRD, JR. No. The re- the record straight. Let us not plunge Senator yield? was on my tim . into this for the wrong reasons, with mis-. Mr. HARRY F. BYRD, JR. I yield 2 MrspMr. of the notes from Wyoming we- lion that That the latest o the Gov- mxMr. to the a Mr. President, the taken out of m' time. ernment that the the Bureau Mines of the Gov- Mr. McGEE. Mr. President, if the time fingertips. the United States has at its this ?.snbenefiting a some big companies. for my reap se was taken out of the fingerti ertips. It is a summary of what hap- Pend last year. This is not the fact. The benefit is to the time of the Senator from Virginia, I ask I say to the Senators who differ with consumers of the stainless steel products that it be taken out of my time instead. me on this measure that I am afraid that in this country. s a time when the administra- The PRESIDING OFFICER. One min- what this is boiling down to I apologize. ful influence is the power- ul of two or three powerful tion is trying to institute price controls, ute will be transferred. yields ime? corporations, multinational corporations, to get at the problem of inflation. The Who HARK F. BYRD, JR. I yield my- who have sought this for the importation estimate is that $100 million was saved 2 minutes Mr. President, I think the Senator of chrome. Labor does not want it. The by consumers last year by the removal self U.S. steelworkers have said, No go. We and thus the lowering of the price, be- from Nevada made a very important am ndmentinwas point, in that he consumers of this coun- want support the United Nations. Our iccause e ally since price the lowered very amendment- adopted last year. It is important to me try have bee affected to the extent of jobsarare not not administration, t stake in this." This 'United States, has endorsed President of if we can find areas in which we can $100 million--f$100 million on an annual posal. the has as this pro- reduce prices $100 million, in effect, to basis. That is! a very significant point to They hey believe that t this i s the he way the American consumer. me. statement The Sena from Wyoming spoke of to go. I cite from the administration's Mr. McGEE. I yield myself 1 minute. on it. In response to that, may I say to the what Mr. Abe , of the United Steel Work- We opposed the Byrd aniena last taus Senator from Nevada that, indeed, the ers, sitting i his top office, thinks about We oppose it for many relevant t sea reasonsthis price of chrome ore on the world market this matter. ut if one will talk to the has dropped 15 to 18 percent in the last Members oft a House of Representatives year This comes at a time when the Presi- year. It has nothing to do with the who represen steel districts in Pennsyl- dent of the United States has been in release of chrome ore from Rhodesia, vania, who represent the steel workers Russia, negotiating with the Russians, 50,000 tons, when by the action of the themselves, is elected officials of this and is now on his way home by way of Armed Services Committee we are. pre- Government, he will find out how con- another Communist country, Poland. paring to release 1,300,000 tons from the cerned they are about this matter. of teat speeches I hheard in the of the of Representatives have a was heard I think we ought to quit dragging red American strategic stockpile. There was One herrings across the stage, because it is the great factor, that was the explana- in the a JoHN DENT of was l- important that this area in Africa, which tion for part of the drop in this price, as Represe, when ing the off the he he o on was s argu- so much to many people, includ- all the money markets in New York will vallia, last tabor ing ing the United States, not be penalized. confirm. chrome had don tba jobs of the stem I would add to this the role of other The second reason for the drop had workers oft United States. American business groups in Africa. to do with the shift of the market. do as against Rhodesia, tr he same mo- Russian o chrome and chrome a higher price situation in in gland and how iito might Approved For Release 2005/01/05 : CIA-RDP74B00415R00060011003-5 Approved For.Release 2005/01/05 : CIA-RDP74B00415R000600110023-5 May 31, 1972 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -SENATE be affected by what we do or do not do in the U.S. Senate, but I think, first, we want to think about the United States, the people of our own country. I submit that we should not put this country in a straitjacket in regard to a vital defense ? material. Mr. President, I reserve the remainder of my time. The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. CHILES). Who yields time? Mr. McGEE. Mr. President, I will yield whatever time may be necessary to keep this about equal. How many minutes would that be? The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- ator would have to yield himself 3 min- utes. . Mr. McGEE. Mr. President, I yield my- self, then, 3 minutes, in that circum- stance. We have been discussing here the con- sequences of our action to lift sanctions and what it means for the chance of some successful negotiation. I did not add in my colloquy with the Senator from Nevada the fact that again and again groups who have to live in Rhodesia came before our parliamentary meeting there in British territory, from both sides, saying that this hardening of the position that our action induced on the part of the Rhodesian Government brings it dangerously close to the violent stage. If that unleashes itself in Rho- desia, it would be difficult to say how it could be stopped short of the Republic of South Africa. Therefore, it is impera- tive that we not, in even a small way, contribute by our actions to a sharpen- ing, or a harshening, or a worsening of prospects to avoid a blood bath in all of southern Africa. Yet that is precisely what they fear. That is what has sur- f aced-but only a part of it has surfaced. I quote now from a Johannesburg newspaper, in the Republic of South Africa, where they say that with the pub- lication of the Pearce Commission Re- port reflected the negative consequences of the action of this body-the iceberg is not only blocking a settlement in Rho- desia but stating that a real hazard to peaceful settlement in all of black Africa is a real one indeed. Considering the source of that particular publication, I think it should lay stress on what has happened, in their judgment, in this regard. I point out once more that neither the Republic of South Africa, which might be regarded as a friend of Rhodesia, nor Portugal, another friend, has formally violated the sanctions in any action by their governments, nor have they recog- nized the independence of Rhodesia. One might have expected them to do so, but they have not. They are obviously liv- ing up to their commitment. I say once again that only the United States of America formally broke. its commitment to the United Nations. That is a pretty serious charge in times like these, when the President of our country is seeking to heal the wounds of many nations. Mr. President, I reserve the remainder of my time. Mr. HARRY F. BYRD, JR. Mr. Presi- dent, I yield myself 1 minute. I point out that Portugal did report noncompliance with sanctions to the Secretary General of the United Nations. It appears in the U Thant report on sanctions, 1970-71. I will point out also, since the Senator from Wyoming mentioned the defiance of the United Nations embargo, that the U.S, delegation to the United Na- tions, in a formal presentation, said that virtually every member of the Se- curity Council has violated the sanctions. Mr. McGEE. I yield myself 1 minute or 2 to respond to the Senator's com- ments. I must say that I misspoke my- self in a technical sense in regard to Portugal, and I appreciate the Senator's correction. The Portuguese Government never ac- 'cepted the sanctions at the beginning. What I should have said was that the Portuguese Government has never taken that last step which should follow if they were believers; that is, that they recognized the independence of the Rho- desian Government. This they have not done. Neither has the Republic of South Africa, the point of it being that they still see this as competition within the British Empire-the British Common- wealth of Nations. I should add to my friends from Vir- ginia and Nevada that, of course, sanc- tions have not been perfect. Of course they have not been. There are 110 vio- lations charged at the present time. But those violations have not yet been estab- lished. Obviously, some must take place. The question is: Is the United States supposed to be as bad as the other guy, or is the United States supposed to be the leader in the world, trying to set a good example? The' total amount of ore to come in under the lifting of sanctions is still a mere trickle. For that reason, I think we should return to the sanctions program and restore American participation through the United Nations. Mr. President, how much time do I have remaining? The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- ator from Wyoming has 4 minutes re- maining. Mr. McGEE. I yield 3 minutes to the distinguished Senator from Massachu- setts (Mr. KENNEDY). The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- ator from Massachusetts is recognized for 3 minutes. Mr. KENNEDY. Mr. President, I sup- port the position of the Senator from Wyoming. I think it is eminently sound, and for a wide variety of reasons. The American people must be ponder- ing the action we are considering today when we have our President just return- ing from the Soviet Union, who is talking about expanding trade, and expanding areas of cooperation with the Soviet Union. We have had trade with them on chrome ore already. The Soviet Union has lived up to, its requirements in the past. Here, in effect, we are providing a road- block in what has been an area of suc- cessful trade in the past. Thus, this does not make any sense in terms of what the President is trying to do regarding our relations with the Soviet Union. It also does not make any S 8623 sense from the point of view of the strategic position of the United States, which is more basic and more fundamen- tal. In reviewing the record and the testi- money given before the committee, I have been impressed with the fact that the United States, with its present chrome reserves, has sufficient chromite on hand for some 40 years to meet our defense re- quirements. So it does not make any sense from the strategic position of the United States. We have seen, with the action taken by the House and the Senate, that lifting the sanctions for the sake of chrome ore has been a vehicle to open up a wide variety of opportunities for trade with Rhodesia. The licenses granted under the provisions last year provide not only for imports of chrome but for 72 differ- ent items. What we are effectively doing is open- ing up a wide variety of trading oppor- tunities with Rhodesia at a time when they clearly have violated the funda- mental Charter of the United Nations. I think, Mr. President, that one of the fundamental difficulties with American foreign policy is that it has failed to live up to the kinds of values, the kinds of interests, and the kinds of concerns that we like to think are basic to our system and to what the American people desire. When we violate the fundamental Charter of the United Nations, I fail to see why the United States, which stands for the principles of democracy and freedom for all the world, should be out there championing a violation of the United Nations Charter. In summary, it does not make any sense from our strategic point of view, and it does not make any sense from the point of view of expanded oppor- tunities for good relations with the Soviet Union. But the removal of sanctions against Rhodesia does violate the United Nations resolutions which the United States has agreed to. I do not want to see the United States in the lead of those countries which are violating United Na- tions resolutions. I therefore hope that the position of the Senator from Wyoming will be sus- tained. Mr. President, once again I wish to express my strong opposition to U.S. trade with Southern Rhodesia. For that reason I intend to vote against amend- ment No. 1196 offered by the distin- guished Senator from Virginia as an amendment to S. 3526, the Foreign Rela- tions Authorization Act of 1972. As pro- posed, the Senator's amendment would delete section 503 of Public Law 92-156, thereby permiting U.S. industry to con- tinue flaunting a United Nations ban on trade with Southern Rhodesian com- panies. . The issue at this time i,,5 essentially the same as it was last summer when, through a series of votes, the Senate failed to uphold the provisions of a United Nations resolution banning U.S. trade with Southern Rhodesia. America voted with other Security Council mem- bers in December 1966 to impose selec- tive mandatory sanctions in response to Approved For. Release 2005/01/05 : CIA-RDP74BOO415R000600110023-5 Approved For Release 2005/01/05 : CIA-RDP74B00415R000600110023-5 S 8624 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE May -;1, 19;_1 the rebel Rhodesian regime's withdrawal from the British Commonwealth. But we violated that resolution last year by withdrawing sanctions against Rhodesia. At that time it was a serious nitAter. Now it is even more serious, be- cause this country can no longer r4aim that Rhodesian chrome is reclai.red in order to reduce America's dct?enlience ten chromite from the Soviet Union. Sen- ate supporters of trade with Rhodesia insisted that, because the United States purchases chrome ore from Russia, American industry is threatened by rely- ing on communism for a strategy' ma- terial. Moreover, it was claimed ths;t the jump in price of Russian chromite from $58 per ton in presanction days to $71 per ton in 1971 was inflationary. It is un- bearable, therefore, to those who sup- ported the clamor for Rhodesian chrome, that the United States should, continue its reliance on Russian sources. Yet, the President's current visit to Russin. seeks not only to establish arms agreements, but also involves our nations' mutual concerns regarding trade. Whore is the logic in halting shipments of chrome ore from Russia while at the same time we explore other trade possibilities with the Kremlin? If it is at all right for the Treasury Department to support Ameri- can industry negotiations on a $6 billion deal for liquefied natural gas from Rus- sia what is so risky about a .>,14 million deal for Russian chromite? Mr. President, although I can appreci- ate the irritation of those who oppose our heavy purchase of Russian chroinite be- cause of the price, that argument is not ample justification for refuting Amer- ica's pledge to support the struggle for human decency wherever it is made. Southern Rhodesia's 2511,000 whites are moving closer toward apartheid-- the dehumanizing system of race hate that would enslave the Nation's 5.3 mil- lion black citizens There is no reason for the United States to profit in the ex- ploitation of black Rhodesians- A full look at the issue of purchasing chromite from Southern Rhodesia makes it clear- that arguing for Rhodesian chromite is a farce of the cheapest sort. Last July when the Senator from Vir- ginia testified before the Committee on Foreign Relations-regarding the matter of Rhodesian chrome-he asserted that: The United States today face an imminent and serious shortage of chrome. This mate- rial is essential in the manufacture of such critical defense items as jet aircrafts, mis- siles, and nuclear submarines. Yet, in those same hearings, State De- partment officials testified that. the U.S. inventory of metallurgical grade chrome as of May 31, 1971, amounted to 5,344.000 tons. The. Department verified that our stockpiles of chromite had. thereby ac- cumiated an excess of 2,244,000 tons, in other words, the United States not only had no shortage of chrome ore, we enjoyed a substantial ove-- abundance of this so-called critical, strategic material. Clearly, it is no where close to the mark to insist that chromite is in serious short- age or that the manufacture of strategic materials is threatened. David D. New- som., Assistant Secretary of State for African Affairs, told the Ti'o' eign Rela- tions Committee last year that: Approximately 10 percent of our chrome imports go to direct defense requirements, That leaves the other 90 percent to be consumed in the manufacture of kitchen knives, automobile trimmings and for other consumer products. What then, can be a Justifiable cxcus^ for permitting imports of Rhodesian chrome to enter this country? I submit that there is no such justifica- tion. There is simply no reason why the United States should purchase chrome ore from Southern Rhodesia. Moreoven the Senate and the American public must understand the folly of the situr..- tion in which we have placed ourselv=es regarding imports- of Rhodesirr: chrome. Last week, on May 23, the Pearce conl- mission reported that the terms of the proposed settlement of Rhodesia's 6-year dispute with Great Britain was rejected by the people of Rhodesia. As a result; Sir Alec Douglas Home, announced that Britain would continue its economic and diplomatic boycott of the white rebellious Rhodesian Government. Thus, in spite of U.S. action lifting the ban on trade with Rhodesia last year, Great Britain has steadfastly maintained sanctions against the rebel government. The Foreign Relations Committee rec- ognized the need to maintain sanctions against Rhodesia and refused last year to report out Senator BYRD'S provision: to lift the ban on trade with Rhodesia. But the Senate got an opportunity to vote on the issue anyway-because it reached the floor last September as part of the mili- tary procurement bill. The Senate voted five times on that measure. In one instance, by a vote of 45 to 43, the Senate approved the Ful- bright amendment authorizing presi- dential discretion in granting trade with the Government of Southern'Rhodesia. Ultimately, however, the Senate lifted the ban-voting 38 to 44 in favor of the Byrd amendment on October 6, 1971. On November 1, the House accepted the. Senate approved conference report by a 151 vote margin, and on November 17, 1971, the President signed the $18 billion Military Procurement Act with the Byrd amendment included. The administration took quick action. The Treasury Department on January 25, 1972 issued a general import license authorizing "imports of strategic and critical materials of Southern Rhodesian origin." Somehow that was interpreted to permit 72 different commodities in- cluding goose down, to enter American ports from Rhodesia. With a license in hand-it was clear sailing for Foote Mineral Corp. They re- ceived a 25,000-ton shipment of Rhode- sian chromite on March 20, 1972. Not to be outdone, the Union Carbide Corp. re- ceived a similar shipment days later. Now, I am told, other shipments are due in this country shortly. Thus, last year, the Congress, ap- parently bought the argument that Rhodesian chrome is vital to our na- tional defense and that we were rtunning out of reliable sources for the material. But, on March 21, 1972, 1-day after the first shipment of Rhodesian ore docked at a Louisiana port-the Senate ap- proved S. 773-a bill that allows U.S. in- dustry to obtain Chrome ore from ou vast inventory of excess stock pile ore. Excerpts from. Committee Report No. 97- 698---describe the j3urpose of S. 773 and why disposal of tiie stockpile was pio- posed: PL'RI'OSE~ OF Tlit. BILL The proposed biili is a pact of the legi.'~1- tive program of the General Services Ad- ministration for 197,'1. It would authorize the disposal of approximately 31,313.600 short dry tons of metallurgi4al grace chromate from the national stockp le and the supplemental stockpile and would waive the 6-month wait- ing period normally,requirc,3 before such dis- pos vl could be std, ted. WHY DISPOSAL IS 1'1LOPOSED 'Ihe material tolbe disposed of is em,~,. to stockpile needsl The total inventory of the material in t to national and sup 1l :~ mental stockpiles s 4of October 31, 1970, wa 5,3:10,373 short dr tons. The stockpile ob- jective established f-12arch 4, 1970, is 3,100.00, short dry tons, leaving an excess of 2,290,._'.2'' short dry tons, ofj which 978,000 short dr torts were previouiy authorized for disposal As expressed n the report language "the material, hrome ore-to be dis- posed of "is exc as to stockpile needs." If the chrome e in the stockpile is e_ - cess to our nee then Why do we need to purchase chromte from Southern Ric.- desia? Even mor baffling is the follow in report language justifying the release if "stockpiled chro 'te:" R ODESIA5. ORE At the Lime t is measure was origin?a;iy considered by th committee in April 19'71, sanctions again, Rhodesia precluded the importation of nodeslan ore, formerly one of the principal lur=es. With the enacsnieui. of section 503, bile Law 92-156, the Treas- ury Department as granted a general license under the Rhod ian sanc,-t.fons regulation. authorizing imp its of strategic and critical materials of So :kern Rhodesian origin. In light of this, the committee believes that inc release of metalikirgical grade chromite from the government istockpiics will not be detri- mental to the interests of national defense. According tI ~ the report, stockpiled chromite can i be released because we voted to lift tie ban on Rhodesian. ore and- The release ofimetallurgical grade chromite from the goverment stockpiles will not be detrimental to he interests of national de- fense. I " Who are wejkidding? American indus- try consumes 00 thousand tons of chro- mite annual We obtain that amount from the world market-without buying from Rhodesia. Under the new authority permitting disposal of 1. million tons of stockpile ore-we wo not need to buy chrome ore for 18 m ,nths, And even then, out remaining ckpiles of 4 million tons would sustai our defense needs for 40 year:; or more. Mr. President, I submit that this Sen- ate must not overlook these facts. The legislative hi ?tory on his matter clcarl;,~ shows that e failed to .act properly on the merits o this matter last year. The United States did not need Rho- desian chroi?ie on March 29, 1971 nail=-_ the Senator 4'ronl Virginia introduced S. 1404, to lift the ban on Rhodesian trade. The Foreign Relations Committee kne-s that and refused to report the bill. The United States did not need Rhodesia,': chrome last Ieptember or October as the Approved For Release 2005/01/05 : CIA-RDP74B00415R00060011~023-5 Approved For Release 2005/01/05 : CIA-RDP74B00415R000600110023-5 May 31, 1972 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE Senate debated the Military Procurement Act. We demonstrated that at one point by voting against the Senator from Virginia. Predictably, the United States has still failed to demonstrate a need for chrome from Southern Rhodesia. And so it is, that today we have one more opportunity to deny shipments of Rhodesian chrome or any other Rhode- sian commodity from entering American ports. I can see no legitimate reason for continuing to admit chrome ore ship- ments into this country. All evidence shows that our national requirements can be and are being satisfactorily met from other sources. Those who would insist otherwise can be motivated only by the insensitive claws of racism., Supporting Rhodesian chrome imports lends support to the cruelly repressive doctrine of the white miority-ruled Rhodesian regime. Southern Rhodesia broke away from Great Britian in 1965 because it could not win approval of its national system to persecute over 5 mil- lion black Africans who deservedly seek to enjoy basic human rights and privi- leges. Even the British Government has reaffirmed its opposition to Rhodesia's repressive policies. After the Senate's vote last October, it was believed that the Rhodesian pre- mier, Ian Smith, had gained consider- able leverage in his delicate negotiations to gain legal independence for the rebel government. But the Pearce Commis- sion was obviously more impressed by the fervent expressions of rejection by African people than by the desire to re- open economic trade channels. I am firmly opposed to trade with Southern Rhodesia as long as that na-' tion. persists with its inhuman racist policies. Bishop Abel Muzorewa, the African Methodist bishop, readily dispels any notion that sanctions are damaging to the welfare of black Rhodesians. In my talks with. the bishop on May 4, I was deeply impressed with this one man's mighty conviction to stand up against the rigidity of the ruling Government. He knows that the terms of the Pearce Commission are a sellout of the African people. He also knows that the world's powers must be held accountable for their dealings with his country's rulers. If the United States is not prepared to do the right thing regarding Rhodesia, then we should do nothing-12,000 partici- pants in last week's African American National Conference on Africa em- phasized that the "right thing" can only be an end to America's complicity with the Rhodesian rulers whose distorted views violate America's pledge to seek human justice for all. Congressman CHARLES Droos, the dis- tinguished chairman of the House Sub- committee on African Affairs, could not be more exact in saying that nothing gives African people greater concern than our position of mere lipservice against the evils of apartheid and mi- nority rule. I believe that if we fail to replace sanctions against Rhodesian trade we will completely destroy any credibility we may have with other African nations and we will erode the faith of concerned r citizens-here at home-both black and white-who see our Nation increasing its support of countries that officially main- tain racist policies. It is time that we in the United States act to affirm the claim that all people must be granted personal rights, self- determination, and fundamental free- doms without regard to race. It is clear that violating our United Nation's resolution to band trade with Rhodesia is totally inexcusable. Mr. President, I shall vote to defeat the Byrd amendment, and I urge each Mem- ber of the Senate to vote against the amendment. Mr. MONDALE. Mr. President, will the Senator from Massachusetts yield? Mr. McGEE. This is all on the 3 min- utes now, otherwise we are out. Mr. KENNEDY. I yield. Mr. MONDALE. Mr. President, I am sure that our country would not directly pursue a foreign policy which would be a common, ordinary foreign policy. I think it is our dream- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The 3 minutes- have now expired. Mr. MONDALE. That we have some- thing special, that we have higher stand- ards in this country that would dictate- it would seem to me-a rejection of the amendment of the Senator from Vir- ginia (Mr. HARRY F. BYRD, JR). Mr. HARRY F. BYRD, JR. Mr. Presi- dent, I yield myself 1 minute. The distin- guished Senator from Massachusetts said that this proposal would throw a road- block in the way of trade with Russia. It would do no such thing. All the pro- posal says is that the United States can trade with Rhodesia as well as with the Soviet Union. It keeps Russia from hav- ing a monopoly. It does do that. I do not suppose anyone wants to argue that Rus- sia should have a monopoly on things. Mr. KENNEDY. Do we not also get chrome from Turkey as well? Mr. HARRY F. BYRD, JR. Yes. Mr. KENNEDY. So, we do not have a monopoly with the Soviet Union. Mr. HARRY F. BYRD, JR. The bulk of the imports have been from the So- viet Union. Mr. KENNEDY. The Senator is cor- rect. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- ator's 1 minute has expired. Mr. HARRY F. BYRD, JR. Mr. Presi- dent, I yield myself one-half minute. Mr. President, this does not prevent the importation of chrome from Russia. It does not affect trade with Russia. It says that Rhodesia can also be traded with. Mr. President, I yield 2 minutes to the Senator from Alabama. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- ator from Alabama is recognized for 2 minutes. Mr. ALLEN. Mr. President, I rise in support of the pending amendment by the distinguished Senator from Virginia (Mr. HARRY F. BYRD, Jr.). The bill before the Senate would deny the United States the right to import cer- tain stockpiled minerals considered es- sential to our national defense from non-Communist nations but permit` im- portation from Communist nations. Mr. President, whether or not the Sen- S 8625 ate should agree to the amendment must be considered in the light of unavoid- able consequences of its rejection. From the standpoint of consequences, it is crystal clear that enactment of the bill without the amendment would bene- fit the Soviet Union and other Com- munist nations. A second consequence is that the United States might well become dependent upon the Soviet Union and Communist-bloc nations for a strategic defense material. Other adverse con- sequences relate to our domestic in- dustry which, unless the amendment is agreed to, will be compelled to use in- ferior-grade chrome ore and pay almost twice the price of a superior grade of chrome available from the independent nation of Rhodesia. Furthermore, it would seem that the motive underlying the pending bill is punitive in that it is intended to dam- age the economy of Rhodesia and even- tually force that nation to alter its constitution. Mr. President, let us sum up the con- sequences: First, the provisions of the bill would benefit the Soviet'Union and Communist nations; second, they would seriously impair our national defense; third, they would impose unnecessary burdens on our domestic industry; and fourth, proclaim our intention to dam- age the economy of Rhodesia and help nullify the constitution of that nation. Mr. President, it is reasonable to ask what the proponents of the bill as pend- ing offer to justify these adverse conse- quences. Since the State Department is the chief proponent, the Department's positions are instructive. It is said that the American people and Congress are bound by the United Nations treaty to uphold a specific decision by the United Nations Security Council that Rhodesia constitutes a threat to world peace. In- cidentally, the mere suggestion that Rhodesia is a threat to world peace is an absurdity. It is even ludicrous when sug- gested by an organization vested with a `responsibility for maintaining interna- tional peace and security of nations. Nevertheless, we are asked to believe that on the basis of this determination we are obligated to implement the Secu- rity Council's decision to impose eco- nomic sanctions against Rhodesia in or- der to suppress the supposed threat of that nation to international peace and security. Mr. President, let us put aside the ri- diculous and purely fictitious idea that Rhodesia is a threat to world peace, which is the basis for asserting United Nations jurisdiction and thus the basis for asserting the power to impose eco- nomic sanctions on that nation. Instead, let us turn to the more fundamental argument that the American people and Congress are bound by the United Na- tions treaty to "gee and haw" on com- mand of the United Nations Security Council. Mr. President, why should the people of the United States and this Congress be bound by the United Nations Security Council with respect to measures which we must take against other nations, in- cluding the use of Armed Forces? Does the Soviet Union feel bound by the same Approved For Release 2005/01/05 : CIA-RDP74B00415R000600110023-5 S 8(26 Approved For Release 2005/01/05: CIA-RDP74B00415R000600110023-5 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -- SE A E 11110,'f 31, 19;-12 Under present political circumstances, Communist nations have agreed to sanc- tions imposed against Rhodesia by the United Nations Security Council. Ac- cordingly, we must take advantage of this political circumstance and follov% suit because such opportunities, and i qucte : Aie more important for the United N one issue here that has not been dis- cussed very fully. It concerns the role oa some of the multmlational. giant corpora- tions. It leaves otit Allegheny Ludlum and Union Carbi e. It leaves out all of the other economi ; interests affected, all of which would b refit from this action. It likewise raises the prospect that the British themselve$ may lift their sanc- tions. Mr. President, today this body votes on an issue whichi will test the faithful- ness of this Natio4 to its commitment to the United Nation and to that organiza- tion's future impo 'tance and influence. I am referring tq an amendment which is being offered (by the distinguished senior Senator frolm Virginia, Mr. BYRD. That amendment] would delete section 503 from the State Department-USIA authorization bill. Section 503 would re verse action taken] by this body last year which allowed us (-co import chrome ore and other strategic, materials from Rho- desia in violation op: sanctions imposed by the United Nation . Rather than rel eating the mistake we made last year, I,; rongly urge this body to give the United Nations a chance at survival. The organization has a new leader in Mr. Kurt Waldheim of Austria who assumes his st at a time when the U.N. is in very ow status. Whatever slight hopes we ty have of the United Nations becoming an effective organiza- tion must not be shed by a repeat per- formance of last ar. We must give the U.N. a chance rater than taking action which can only undermine both the or- ganization and Mi-. Waldheiln. There is one cri ical point which pro- ponents of violati$ig the U.N. sanctions have conveniently] chosen to overlook in presenting their ase. One of the com- plications associa d with the action of the U.S. Senate la t fall-and we warned of that danger du Ling the debate at that time-was that vie were taking action at a time when tle British and Rhode- sian Governments were in the midst of negotiations to arrive at an equitable settlement. All th direct reports from the Rhodesian cap tol, the morning after the Senate took Its action, stated that the Smith gover ment's attitude had hardened complet 1y. The spirit of give and take which ha I marked the negotia- tions up until ourlaction had been com- pletely destroyed. These reports w$re substantiated when I consulted with the leaders of both the British Labor an Conservative parties during my trip to the Isle of Jersey ear- lier this month to participate in the Anglo-American onferenice on Africa. The leaders of th parties were ada- mant in reporting Ito me that the action of the Senate, c ng when it did, hard- ened the Rhodesi in Government posi- tion and resulted! in a proposed settle- ment far less equitable than what every- one had hoped for. This, in turn, re- sulted in the predictable negative re- sponse the Pearce Commission received t,?eaty to accept the dictation of the United Nations Security Council? It does not. Do Communist bloc nations feel it 'und in the same manner? They dt not. ]Dues Red China feel bound to obey the dictates of the United Nations Security C;-uncil? It does not. Why, then, should we feel bound when other nations, do not? Is it not true that the United Nations is now insolvent or at least on the brink o_ insolvency for the scie reason that the Soviet Union, Communist bloc nations and France refused to be bound by United Nations Security Council dictates in its so-called "peace-keeping" e-`forts in Nigeria? It was almost 21/2 years ago that the United Nations Security Council launched its great "peacekeeping" ven- ture against Biafra. One result of that mission was the loss of 2 million lives in Biafra through starvation and malnutri- tion alone, apart from the casualties of battle. Close to 5 million people were uprooted and settled in refugee camps during the "peacekeeping" efforts of that monumental tragedy which eventu- ally cost approximately $594 million. Most of the casualties in this great "humanitarian" effort were innocent women and children. Whether or not the United Nations war in Nigeria was Justified is not the ques- tion. The question is whether or not the American people and this Congress are bound by a treaty which does not bind other member nations to the treaty. Mr. President, the administration, through its State Department, takes the position that we should be bound by the determinations of the United Nations Se- curity Council even though other na- tions are not bound. The reasons ad- vanced for this position were clearly set out by Richard F. Pederson, Counselor of the Department of State, in a speech delivered before the United Nations As- sociation in Stockton, Calif., on April 21, 1972. In substance, the administration posi- tion is that the United States should be bound by Security Council decisions even in the matter of committing our Armed Forces. Further, that neither the United States nor any other nation has the right to veto or to avoid Security Council de- terminations including those to the use of our Armed Forces and those which call upon us to participate in economic boycotts against other nations. The argument begins with the assump- tion that we must make the United Na- tions work as an instrument to maintain international peace and security. It is readily admitted on all sides that it has not. The greatest obstacle to this goal, ac- cording to this argument, is the reluc- tance of member states to respect the au- thority of the Security Council-particu- larly among permanent members of the Council. Therefore, it is argued, if we are to make the United Nations Security Coun- cil work, we must take advantage of and I quote: Ad hoc pragmatic opportunities to make use of peace keeping arrangements as polit- ical circumstances permit. Approved For Release 2005/01/05 : CIA-RDP74B00415R000600110023-5 Approved For Release 2005/01/05 : CIA-RDP74B00415R000600110023-5 May 31, 1972 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE in determining the sentiment' for or against the proposed settlement. Just last week the Pearce Commission report was issued and the Commission re- jected the proposal because a vast ma- jority of the blacks, who comprise 95 percent of the Rhodesian population, op- posed the settlement. Again, I emphasize, this was a direct consequence of action taken by this body last October. We urged the Senate, last fall, to hold off on consideration of the Rhodesian chrome ore issue until the negotiations were completed. But the U.S. Senate chose to ignore this plea, and, as a result, we literally sabotaged any chance for a livable compromise to be worked out between the two govern- ments. The British have announced they will continue to abide by the sanctions until a workable settlement can be ironed- out and they are hopeful that we will do the same. It, therefore, be- comes even more imperative that the U.S. Senate reserve the action it took last fall and vote to reimpose our ob- servance of the sanctions. Another point which is essential to a realistic assessment of the issues in- volved in the Senate vote today centers .around our role in attempting to find a nonviolent solution to the British-Rho- desian problem in 1966. At that time, the British and Rhodesian Govern- ments were on the brink of armed con- flict. We goaded the British into going to the U.N. as an alternative to armed conflict-at least give the U.N, a chance to come up with an alternative to vio- lence. We interceded as an honest bro- ker. Now we have become the only coun- try to formally break the sanctions. As a result, this -issue becomes more than just honoring our commitment to the U.N. It has become a matter of honoring our own commitment in acting as an honest broker. Our integrity as an hon- est broker is at stake. In light of these circumstances, it be- comes all the more important that the United States detach itself from policies which convey the impression that we are prepared to put up with and profit from the exploitation of Rhodesian blacks. By continuing to violate the sanc- tions we are thus conveying this very impression. . The Senate vote also comes at a time when the President has completed his summit talks with the Soviet Union in Moscow. One of the primary purposes of the President's meeting was that of ham- mering out an agreement for expanding trade between our two nations. By tossing the outworn scare tactic of trading with a Communist nation into the arena of debate on the Rhodesian chrome issue, the U.S. Senate is only serving to under- mine the President's efforts to seek a relaxation of tensions around the world. The Senate is now in a position to re- store our International leadership in the United Nations. Section 503 would re- turn the United States to a position where it obeys international law and ful- fills its obligations under the United Na- tions Charter. if we wish to see peaceful change take place in southern Africa, we will have to recognize that the sanc- tions program, for all of its inadequacies, has had a detrimental effect on the Rho- desian economy. In spite of the known violations of the sanctions, the propo- nents of violating the sanctions against Rhodesia have yet. to explain how the failure of other nations to enforce the sanctions releases the United States from its obligations in terms of the interna- tional law of treaties. There have been allegations made by those who advocate we violate interna- tional law that our defense needs require that we not be dependent on Russian chrome to meet these needs. This is nothing more than a deliberate hoax. Events since the vote last October have served only to bear out the misleading innuendo and phoniness associated with this allegation. None of the chrome which is now being imported from Rhodesia is going into our strategic stockpile. Our national defense was never imperiled by our observance of the United Nations boycott. To further compound the phoni- ness of this issue, the Senate, on the rec- ommendation of the Armed Services Committee, recently passed S. 773 releas- ing from the national stockpile 1,313,600 short dry tons of metallurgical grade chromite. The critical point to keep in mind is that Rhodesian chrome is not going into the strategic stockpile. Government au- thorities have assured us that there are 2.2 million tons of excess chrome in our national stockpile. The 1.3 million tons proposed to be drawn out under S. 773 will meet our total defense and industry needs for 2 years, and our defense needs alone for almost 20 years. It should be further pointed out that contrary to statements by proponents of our violating the sanctions, we actually imported less chrome ore from the Soviet Union in 1971 than we did from one of our allies-Turkey. The imports from Russia declined from 58 percent in 1970 to 36 percent in 1971, according to data from the U.S. Bureau of Mines. Imports from Turkey totaled 39 percent of our total imports in 1971. It has been alleged that the Russian ore is really Rhodesian are. From all the evidence available to us, this also appears to be nothing more than a fabrication. Russian ore is clearly different in color, substance, and character from Rhodesian ore and is of considerably higher grade. Authorities at the Department of Com- merce and the U.S. Geological Survey find no evidence that Russian ore is really Rhodesian ore transshipped. Proponents of our violating the U.N. sanctions have brought forward no scientific proof to support this allegation. Those who oppose the U.N. sanctions ignore a very important economic factor relating to other U.S. business Interests exclusive of such companies as Union Carbide, Foote Mineral Co. and Alle- gheny Ludlum, in those African nations which are not dominated by white gov- ernments. Independent black Africa, which views our position on southern African issues as a test of our commit- ment to self-determination and equality, have been seriously disturbed by our vio- lation of the sanctions. This has endan- gered our economic and political inter- ests in those nations which account for 58627 over three-fifths of our trade and nearly two-thirds of our investment in Africa. It would hardly be equitable to those American business interests which would be on the receiving end of economic re- taliation on the part of those African nations because we were shortsighted in not adhering to the sanctions. This brings me to another important point. I am very much concerned over the growing influence of multinational cor- porations on this Nation's foreign policy- making. In fact, the Senate Foreign Re- lations Committee is so concerned about the growing number of incidents in this area that we will be holding hearings into that question in the near future. Yet, Foote Mineral Co. and Union Carbide have been very instrumental in pres- suring for congressional approval of our violating the U.N. sanctions to serve the economic interests of these two com- panies. They have been very instru- mental in distorting the truth and the real issues involved in our adherence to the sanctions. These two companies have been very instrumental in fabricating the case for our ignoring the sanctions. It is, indeed, a sad day when the U.S. Senate falls victim to a ploy as repre- hensible as this and allows foreign pol- icy considerations to be determined by two corporations who have significant holdings in Rhodesia. I can tell you right now that both Union Carbide and Foote Mineral Co. will have some tough ques- tions to answer as to their role in the Rhodesian chrome issue when these hearings open. To allow sanctions to be broken for some American corporations and not for others creates injustices and places the Government in the anomalous position of prosecuting fertilizer manufacturers. it is interesting to note that American tobacco companies have profited hand- somely from the exclusion of Rhodesian tobacco from the British market by the sanctions program, yet I have not seen a proposal offered which would lift the sanctions on Rhodesian tobacco. In conclusion, I would like once again to refer to the letter I received from John Irwin III, Acting Secretary of State, who outlined the administration's sup- port for section 503 of'the State Depart- ment authorization bill. Mr. Irwin stated: Repeal now would serve to make us less vulnerable to unfavorable international re- action. As a result of the legislation now in force, our international interests have suf- fered in other respects. In Africa, where our position on Rhodesia has heretofore been seen as a test of our commitment to self- determination and racial equality, our credi- bility has suffered. The depth of African concern has been particularly strong in some nations where our interests far outweigh those in Rhodesia. In the United Nations, we will face, with each shipment of chrome or other commodity, an increasing erosion of our position. While we have sought and continue to seek means of making the exist- ing sanctions against Rhodesia more effec- tive, and less liable to circumvention by others, our ability to do so is seriously lim- ited by the legislation now in effect. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- ator's time has expired. Mr. McGEE. Mr. President, I simply conclude by saying to my colleagues that Approved For Release 2005/01/05 : CIA-RDP74B00415R0006001 10023-5 Approved For Release 2005/01/05 : CIA-RDP74B00415R000600110023-5 S 8628 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD --SENATE I have heard of selling one's birthright for a mess of potage, but never for a crock of chrome. Mr. HARRY F. BYRD, JR. Mr. Presi- dent, the amendment which we are about to vote or, would leave the law as it is now and as Congress passed it last year. Mr. President, I yield whatever time I have remaining to the Senator from Ne- vada. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- ator from Nevada is recognized. Mr. CANNON, Mr. President, we have heard a lot about how this action would damage the results of the President's recent visit to Russia. However, it is Very interesting to note that we have not heard one word from Russia that they have negotiated their policy toward the Soviet Jews. Yet we are dealing with that nation and buying chrome from them at the same time that we are try- ing to invoke a sanction against Rho- desia. The policy of Russia with respect to the Soviet Jews is equally abhorrent to me. This is a very specious argument. It is an argument that does not hold water. We would save $100 million here for the American consumers. Mr. MOSS. Mr. President, the United States must not forfeit its long-term in- terests in Africa for a few more boatloads of Rhodesian chrome. Today I ask the Senate to reject the amendment offered by the Senator from Virginia. I urge its rejection, not out of blind repugnance toward Ian Smith's racist purposes, but as a matter of prag- matic national policy. Our continued purchases of Rhodesian chrome, which this measure would permit, is simply not worth the price we would have to pay in terms of our international position. The State Department has quite un- derstandably urged rejection of this amendment. The administration's rea- soning is sound. To accept the Byrd measure would be to deny our country's international treaty obligations and to renege on our historic record of a 100- percent support for the U.N. Security Council. Moreover, it would mean a U.S. rejection of world peace through law at the time in which we are trying to con- struct such a framework. These last few days have seen major breakthroughs in the development of world law. The United States and the Soviet Union have taken major steps toward substituting peaceful for military competition. In no part of the world is there such a ground for peaceful competition among economic systems as in Africa. Africa, itself, has not yet felt the curse of the "cold war." Hopefully it never will. The long battle against colonialism, however, continues. If the United States is to maintain its good relations with independent Africa, it must be an ally in this great crusade. Rhodesia is a symbol of that struggle. It stands as a living memory to the cen- turies of European colonialism in Africa, Its racist policies stand as a sharp in- dignity to the people of that continent, an indignity which touches them daily. Rhodesia is an indignity to the United States as well. Here is a country ruled by less than 5 percent of its population, which sees itself as a part of the "free world." It longs for membership in the western non-Communist world. It espe- cially seeks the economic and moral sup- port of the United States. That support must be denied. Today the Senate must take a firm position on the Rhodesian question. It must state to the Rhodesian people, black and white, that the United States will not sell out its principles for short-term eco- nomic gain, It will not forsake interna- tional law, its hope for peaceful develop- ment in Africa, even its essential belief in the equality of man just to get a better deal on chrome. Mr. BROCK.*Mr. President, once again the actions of this Senate's Committee on Foreign Relations appear to have been formulated in a vacuum. I have reference to the committee's steps to restrict importation of chrome from Rhodesia and thus, restore the So- viet Union to a virtual monopoly posi- tion on sales of critical chromium ore to the United States. The illogic of this move is deepened by the fact that on September 23 of last, year during deliberations on the military procurement authorizations bill, the Son- ate decidedly rejected attempts to re- strict U.S. purchases on this one vital element from this tiny African nation. Moreover, because of crucial negotia- tions between Britain and Rhodesia which were pending at the time the Sen- ate affirmed its support of ending pur- chase restrictions on chrome, I offered an amendment to delay implementation of section 503 until January 1, 1972. This amendment was accepted and, therefore, the section has only been in effect little more than 5 months. It may be worthwhile to recount some of the reasons why we found ourselves in the predicament of having to support the most powerful Communist nation with chromite purchases at a price arti- ficially controlled by the Soviets. In late 1966, the U.H. Council, in which we hold the right of veto, imposed selec- tive sanctions on Rhodesia. Later, the embargo became total. Following the action by the United Nations, President Johnson ordered an embargo on trade with Rhodesia. This action was unilaterally taken by the President without allowing the Congress the opportunity to express itself. Prior to President Johnson's decree, the United States had imported the vast majority of strategic chromite from Rhodesia. Since there is no domestic production of the metal in this country, this action and subsequent approval by our U.N. representatives of the Security Council embargo forced the United States to turn to the U.S.S.R. for about 60 percent of its chrome ore. During last year's debate to permit the purchase of this single strategic com- modity from Rhodesia. the Subcommit- tee on National Stockpile a Naval Petro- leum Reserve found that, since Russia became the chief U.S. source of chrome ore, she had increased the price per ton from $25 to $72 on an increase of 183 percent. We were being had. May 1, 1 99 Mr. Presid nt, in our zeal to show our disapproval o Rhodesia's declaration of independence from Britain and minority rule over a itajorit ,, we were in actu- ality perpetuating a far more inequitable situation in he US S.R., the domina- tion of a tiny) Communist majority over some 240 millikjn Russians. Furthermor., the Rhodesia sanctions have proved t have tittle or no affect on her economic viability. It is foolhar4y to limit ourselves to pur- chases of ch ome from the Russians when we can urchaso the same ore at a lower price fro an ally; especially, when the total sanctions against Rhodesia have had littlelIeffect in altering the poli- cies which we disapproved. There is a d uble edge to the sword of economic sane ons imposed on Rhodesia. Intended to to )ple the existing govern- ment, they als deprive the black Rho- desians of job and opportunity which results from t de. Once such sanctions prove ineffecti a for their political mo- tive, they should be lifted so as not to prolong the d leterious effects on the general populu . From practic lly ever angle the United States would b cutting off its hand to spite its face ere the Senate to rein- stitute restrictions on ore purchases from Rhodesia. We ray a higher price for the commodity. when purchased from U.S.S.R. We c -eate a dependency for strategic mater al. We harm. the people of Rhodesia wh'le doing nothing which alters the politf al structure of the coun- try. By reinstituting a Johnson policy which seek to i4terpose ourselves in the internal affairs Of another state, we per- petrate the sa e arrogant philosophy which sank us Into our involvement in Southeast Asia. I In my .judgm nt, there is no redeem- ing justification to support a renewed embargo on c romium imports from Rhodesia. Most mportantly, Mr. Presi- dent, there is no reason so compelling to justify our depe dency for a strategic, defense material on a Communist-domi- nated state. i, I hope the Se ate again reaffirms its early position t at when we have the option to purchase a strategic material from a free-worl nation at a competiti- tive price that t ere should be no legis- lated impedimen s to exercising the op- tion when it woul require us to purchase the same comm. sty from the Commu- nists at an inflat d rate. Mr. BROOKE. *r. President, I strongly oppose the pendi g amendment to strike section 503 from the State Department- USIA authorizati n bill This section of the bill, as drafted, would undo the un- fortunate action which congress took last year in liftin , the embargo on im- porting Rhodesi n chrome into the United States. Many of the is ues raised during last year's debate are involved today. These arguments conce national security, our relations with th United Nations and Africa, and the ba is question of whether the United States hould implicitly sanc- tion the continuaqce of toe racially re- pugnant policy of the current Rhodesian Government. If those were the sole points under discussion, I(then I would expect Approved For Release 2005/01/05 : CIA-RDP74B00415R000600110023-5 Approved For Release-2005/01/05 : CIA-RDP74B00415R000600110023-5 May 31, 1972 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE S 8629 that the Senate vote today would reflect last year's tally. However, I firmly believe that the Sen- ate has an even greater obligation this year to oppose Rhodesian chrome 4m- portation. The political situation in Rho- desia is at a most sensitive point. A pro- posed British settlement with the Rho- desian Government has been rejected by the majority of the Rhodesian blacks who constitute 95 percent of that coun- try's population. As a result, the future international economic policy toward Rhodesia, as well as the continued viabil- ity of the Ian Smith regime, remain open questions. In 1966, a minority white government proclaimed its independence from British colonial rule, at a time when the British were attempting to work out a fair policy for permitting Rhodesia's black majority to participate in the political process of that country. The blatantly racist rule that has characterized that government during the intervening 6 years has been a dark blemish in the overall record of growth for African independence and majority rule. The imposition of economic sanctions, adopted by the United Nations General Assembly with only two dissenting votes, has represented an effort by the world community to register its opposition to the continuation of the apartheid policy. Because of these sanctions, Rhodesia cannot now freely trade with the world community. Last year's congressional action was a direct refutation of that international agreement. By stating that the United States can import chrome from Rhodesia, Congress violated a policy which our own Government had initially advocated and which the administration still supports. It is of the utmost necessity that the United States respect its international commitments. We should also be responsive to world opinion. The peoples and nations of Africa in particular have expressed deep concern with the recent American action in reopening trade with Rhodesia. It has been difficult, indeed, for our Govern- ment to attempt to explain to these gov- ernments why the United States has lifted the sanctions on chrome at the same time that it has encouraged self- determination and racial equality for all African people. DOLPH) are necessarily absent. In addition, it should be clear that the On this vote, the Senator from Min- United States and our Nation's busi- nesota (Mr. HUMPHREY) is paired with nesses do not need Rhodesian chrome. the Senator from Mississippi (Mr. EAST- The amount already in the stockpile, as LAND). If present and voting, the Senator well as that authorized for disposal in from Minnesota would vote "nay" and legislation approved this year by the the Senator from Mississippi would vote Senate, would fulfill our domestic needs "yea." for about 18 months. And, according to On this vote, the Senator from South the State Department, defense require- Dakota (Mr. MCGOVERN) is paired with ments amount to only 10 percent of our the Senator from North Carolina (Mr. total domestic needs. ERVIN). If present and voting, the Sena- There are also available large amounts tor from South Dakota would vote "nay" of chrome from other nations, includ- and the Senator from North Carolina ing the Soviet Union. At a time when would vote "yea." President Nixon is returning from that On this vote, the Senator from Indiana nation with the announced intention of (Mr. HARTKE), is paired with the Senator opening up additional trade avenues with from West Virginia (Mr. RANDOLPH). If the Soviets, it seems counterproductive present and voting, the Senator from In- for the Senate to continue to place it- diana would vote "nay" and the Senator self on record against the importation of from West Virginia would vote "yea." chrome and related minerals from Com- Mr. GRIFFIN. I announce that the munist nations. Also, adequate chrome resources remain available from Turkey and the Philippines, allies with whom we maintain active and mutually benefi- cial trade relations. In short, Mr. President, there exists no sound or logical purpose for A he United States to continue to flaunt the United Nations' economic sanctions against Rhodesia. The Senate Foreign Relations Committee recognized that fact by recommending a halt to last year's resumption of trade. I hope that the Senate will agree to retain the commit- 'tee's provision. The PRESIDING OFFICER. All time has expired. The question is on agreeing to the amendment of the Senator from Virginia. On this question the yeas and nays have been ordered, and the clerk The assistant legislative clerk called the roll. Mr. GRIFFIN (when his name was called). On this vote I have a live pair with the Senator from Tennessee (Mr. BAKER). If he were present and voting he would vote "yea." If I were permitted to vote, I would vote "nay." I withhold my vote. Mr. RIBICOFF (when his name was called). On this vote I have a live pair with the Senator from Arkansas (Mr. MCCLELLAN). If he were present and vot- ing he would vote "yea." If I were per- mitted to vote I would vote "nay." I with- hold my vote. Mr. CANNON (after having voted in the affirmative). On this vote I have a pair with the Senator from Maine (Mr. MusKIE). If he were present and voting .he would vote "nay." I have already voted "yea." I withdraw my vote. Mr. ROBERT C. BYRD. I announce that the Senator from New Mexico (Mr. ANDERSON), the Senator from Mississippi (Mr. EASTLAND), the Senator from North Carolina (Mr. ERVIN), the Senator from Oklahoma (Mr. HARRIS), the Senator from Indiana (Mr. RARTKE), the Sena- tor from Minnesota (Mr. HUMPHREY), the Senator from North Carolina (Mr. JORDAN), the Senator from Arkansas (Mr. MCCLELLAN), the Senator from South Dakota (Mr. MCGOVERN), the Senator from Montana (Mr. METCALF), the Sena- tor from Maine (Mr. MUSKIE), and the Senator from West Virginia (Mr. RAN- Senator from Tennessee (Mr. BAKER), the Senator from New Jersey (Mr. CASE), the Senator from Hawaii (Mr. FONG), the Senator from Wyoming (Mr. HANSEN), the Senator from Oregon (Mr. HATFIELD), and the Senator from Iowa (Mr. MILLER) are necessarily absent. The Senator from ' Maryland (Mr. MATHIAS) is absent on official business. The Senator from Arizona (Mr. GOLD- WATER) and - the Senator from South Dakota (Mr. MUNDT) are absent because of illness. If present and voting, the Senator from New Jersey (Mr. CASE) would vote "nay." The pair of the Senator from Tennes- see (Mr. BAKER) has been previously an- nounced. On this vote, the Senator from Arizona (Mr. GOLDWATER) is paired with the Sen- ator from Oregon (Mr. HATFIELD). If present and voting, the Senator from Arizona would vote "yea" and the Sena- tor from Oregon would vote "nay." The result was announced-yeas 40, nays 36, as follows: [No. 193 Leg.] YEAS-40 Allen Cotton Roth Allott Curtis Saxbe Beall Dole Schweiker Bellmon Dominick Smith Bennett Ellender Sparkman Bentsen Fannin Spong Bible Gambrell Stennis Brock Gurney Taft Buckley Hollings Talmadge Byrd, Hruska Thurmond Harry F., Jr. Jordan, Idaho Tower Byrd, Robert C. Long Weicker Chiles Montoya Young Cook 'Pearson NAYS-36 Aiken Hughes Packwood Bayh Inouye Pastore Boggs Jackson Pell Brooke Javits Percy 'Burdick Kennedy Proxmire Church Magnuson Scott Cooper Mansfield Stafford Cranston McGee Stevens Eagleton McIntyre Stevenson Fulbright Mondale Symington Gravel Moss Tunney Hart Nelson Williams PRESENT AND GIVING LIVE PAIRS, AS PREVIOUSLY RECORDED--3 Griffin, against. Ribicoff,,against. Cannon, for. NOT VOTING-21 Anderson Hansen McClellan Baker Harris McGovern Case Hartke Metcalf Eastland Hatfield Miller Ervin Humphrey Mundt Fong Jordan, N.C. Muskie Goldwater Mathias Randolph So the amendment of Mr. HARRY F. BYRD, Jr., was agreed to. Mr. HARRY F. BYRD, JR. Mr. Presi- dent, I move to reconsider the vote by which the amendment was agreed to. Mr. CANNON. Mr. President, I move to lay that motion on the table. The motion to lay on the table was agreed to. AMENDMENTS NO. 1209 Mr. PERCY. Mr. President, I call up my amendments No. 1209. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The clerk will please state the amendments. The assistant legislative clerk read the amendments offered by Mr. PERCY Approved For Release 2005/01/05: CIA-RDP7.4B00415R000600110021-5 S 8630 Approved For Release 2005/01/05 : CIA-RDP74B00415R0006001100 3-5 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE May 31 i 1972 (for himself and Ml'. TUNNEY), as fol- great skill, experience and stature, a man lows: who is recognized and respected both S. 3526 within the Government and in the busi- On page 3, line 10, insert "(1)" immediately ness community. Such an individual after "(a)". could not be attracted unless he were On page 3, line 14, strike out "two Deputy assured of a position, rank, and salary Under Secretaries of State" and insert in lieu thereof "an Under Secretary of State for just below the Secretary and the Deputy Political Affairs, an Under Secretary of State Secretary. As we are aware, the cur- for Economic Affairs, a Deputy Under Seem- rent incumbent, Mr. Nathaniel Samuels, tary of State". has resigned his position after more than On page 3, between lines 15 and 16. insert the following new paragraph (2) : "(2) Section 2(b) of the Act of May 26, 1949, as amended (22 U.S.C. 2652), is re- pealed." On page 4, between lines 23 and 24, insert the following new paragraphs: "(2) Section 5314(9) is amend"I by strik- ing out 'or' before 'Under Secretary of State for Economic Affairs' and inserting in lieu thereof 'and'. "(3) Section 5315(10) is amended to read as follows: "'(10) Deputy Under Secretary of State.'," On page 4, line 24, strike out "i2)" and in- sert in lieu thereof "(4) ", The PRESIDING OFFICER. The time of the amendment is under control. Who yields time? Mr. PERCY. Mr. President, I yield my- self such time as I require. For the in- formation of the Senate, I shall not use all of the time allotted to me, and prob- ably will complete my comments in only 5 or 10 minutes. Mr. President, I ask for the yeas and nays on the amendment. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The yeas and nays have been ordered heretofore. Mr. PERCY. Mr. President, at the present time the Department of State is headed by a Secretary and an Under Secretary. S. 3526 proposes changing the title of the Under Secretary to Deputy Secretary to reflect the fact that the No. 2 officer in the Department acts as the full deputy and alter ego to the Secretary. The No. 3 position in the Department is now authorized to be either an Under Secretary for Political Affairs, as it is now, or an Under Secretary for Eco- nomic Affairs, as it has been at times in the past. With the increasingly complex nature of the foreign affairs process, the Department should have officers at the full Under Secretary level in both the political and economic areas. It has re- quested legislation authorizing such a position, a request that has the full sup- port of the Office of Management and Budget. The amendment which Senator TUNNEY and I are offering would snake this possible. We cite the following rea- sons in support of this amendment: First, having economic affairs raised to the importance of political affairs would reflect the fact that the Depart- ment is increasingly concerned with the economic side of foreign policy and in- ternational relations. Second, as an agency vitally concerned with foreign economic policy, and pro- viding` important support to the Presi- dent's Council on International Economic 3 years of loyal and diligent service in support of this Government's efforts to strengthen its international economic position. Fourth, while the Secretary and Deputy Secretary may from time to time become involved in economic affairs, the man in day-to-day charge of the Depart- ment's activities in this area should be able to deal himself with other Cabinet and sub-Cabinet officers. This would be difficult without having the requisite rank in the Department. Fifth, the negotiations that lie ahead in trade, monetary, and commercial mat- ters are of such extraordinary importance to the United States that the Department of State should normally be represented by an official at the sub-Cabinet level as this would permit. Needless to say, the complex East-West trade issues that combine so many political and economic considerations will require a very sig- nificant Department of State input which such an official could provide. In addi- tion, the chief economic official in the Department is the alternate Governor of the World Bank and of certain of the regional development banks. He often heads delegations to meetings of these institutions in place of the Secretary of the Treasury, who is the Governor. I believe that this amendment will be an effective piece of legislation to strengthen our Government's team in the vitally important field of international economic relations. I ask unanimous consent that the com- plete text of a letter dated May 31, 1972, from the Acting Secretary of State, John Irwin, be incorporated in the RECORD at this point. There being no objection, the letter was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, as follows: THE UNDER SECRETARY OF STATE, Washington, 1).C., May 31, 1992. HOn. CHARLES H. PERCY, U.S. Senate, Washington, D.C. DEAR SENATOR PERCY: I write in response to your request for an explanation of the need for establishing the position of Under Secretary of State for Economic Affairs. As you know, your amendment to S. 3526 would enable us to upgrade the importance of international economic affairs in the De- partment of State. At present the senior Department official exclusively responsible for economic and commercial matters is the Deputy Under Secretary for Economic At'- fairs, at the fourth level of our organization. We wish to raise economic and commercial affairs to the third level, at which we now have an Under Secretary for Political Af- fairs. Policy, the State Department should and The need for this restructuring derives wishes to play a major role in correcting from several pragmatic considerations aris- present shortcomings in this field. For ing from the Secretary's determination to this an Economic Under Secretary would give greater stress to our economic and com- th be First, is the a sigEconom help. mercial responsibIIlties. Third, to play the role envisaged for standing authorityito replace MrnNathaniel him, the Department requires a man of Samuels, who is resigning as our Deputy Under Secretary i)r Economic Affairs, effec- tive May 31. I hav found that the possibility of our securing t , services of a man of this stature will be ve r , much enhanced if he can be assured a position at the full Under See. Second, the ueg .tiations. that lie ahead in trade, monetary a rd commercial matters are of such extraordinary importance to the United States tha the Department of State should normally , represented by an official at the sub-Cabin t level :is this would per- mit. Needless to :y, the complex East-West trade issues that combine so many political and economic co siderations will require a very significant 'partment of State input which such an o clal could provide. Third, the stre gthening of the Depart- ment's economic organization will assure other agencies o the most authoritative level of cooperatitfn in our common efforts to improve our b ance of payments and to expand our exports. The Office of M nagement and Budget ad- vises that the creation of this position is consistent with th objectives of the Admin- istration for the g ?neral organization of the Department of Stale. With kindest re crds, Sincerely, JOHN N. IRWIN, Ii, Acting Secretary. Mr. PERCY. kffr. President, for the benefit of my col eagues, I should simply like to point o that Secretary Irwin indicates that th i Office of Management and Budget advi 'es that the creation of this position is c sistent with the objec- tives of the adm nistration for the gen- eral organizatio of the Department of State. Mr. TUNNEY and Mr. FULBRIGHT addressed the Clair. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Who yields time? II, Mr. PERCY. MV I yield to my distin- guished colleagu from California? Mr. TUNNEY. Mr. President, does the Senator from Aransas wish to speak on this amendment Mr. FULBRIG IT. Yes, Mr. TUNNEY. I have a statement in favor of the ame dment, but if the Sena- tor wishes to Proceed, lie may do so. Mr. FULBRIG IT. If the Senator does not mind, I woul i like to do so. Mr. President, the committee consid- ered and rejecte a proposal to create a new Under Secreary position in the De- partment of Stat.. There is no n ed for a new position. The statute alrea ly provides for an Un- der Secretary Poi ition for economic af- fairs, if the President wants to designate a nominee as such. The position, by sta- tute, can be designated as either "Under Secretary for Eco}lomic Affairs" or "Un- der Secretary for Political Affairs." It so happens that the present incumbent, U. Alexis Johnson, w~is designated as Under Secretary for Political Affairs. But over the years there 1ave been a number of Under Secretaries] for Economic Affairs- Thomas C. Mire# George W. Ball, C. Douglas Dillon, aid William L. Clayton. There is nothing to prevent the President from sending up omorrowthe nomina- tion of a person t be Under Secretary of State for Econom l Affairs-if he is will- ing to replace Mid. Johnson. Or, he can change Mr. Johnsn's title to Under Sec- retary for Econo is Affairs. I might point 1t that in addition to having this auth rity to designate the Approved For Release 2005/01/05 : CIA-RDP74B00415R0006001100~3-5 Approved For Release 2005/01/05 : CIA-ROP74B00415R000600110023-5 May 31, 1972 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE S 8631 existing Under Secretary position as one amendment to the floor. I feel that it is a trade and great difficulties with our econ- for economic affairs, there are now two very important amendment. omy here at home, and need to promote other high-level positions in the Depart- Mr. President, I am certain that we exports. ment dealing with economic affairs--a all share the concern that America's The PRESIDING OFFICER. Who Deputy Tinder Secretary for Economic economic interests should be accorded yields time? Affairs, Mr. Nathaniel Samuels, and an the same dignity abroad as her political Mr. PERCY. Mr. President, I wish to Assistant Secretary for Economic Affairs, interests. The passage of the Percy-Tun- express my appreciation to my distin- Mr. Willis Armstrong. So I think the De- ney amendment creating the position of guished cosponsor. I think his comments partment'z capacity-personnelwise-to Under Secretary of State for Economic certainly underscore the very important look after our economic interests in for- Affairs will help insure that such impor- role that this position will have. eign affairs is there, if the President tance is underscored for our economic af- We have now come to a very unusual chooses to emphasize this facet of the fairs. stage in our economic history. We are Department's work. The State Department should be given challenged as we have never been chal- I wish to make one other observation. the opportunity to play an important lenged before. We have the first trade The Department of State is probably the role in: First, elevating the priority of deficit in the United States since 1888, most top-heavy department in the execu- America's foreign economic affairs, and and we have not had it for just one quar- tive branch. This amendment would second, insuring that those matters are , ter, we had it in the last quarter last make it more so. The State Department integrated as effectively and as smoothly year and the first quarter this year. It has 17 positions at the Assistant Sec- as possible with other foreign affairs of now looks as if the trade deficit this retary level and above. Next in rank is the United States. creating the position year may be larger than last year, ex- the Department of Justice with 12 posi- of United Secretary of State for Eco- ceeding $2 billion. Therefore, the role tions; the Department of Defense has nomic Affairs will help the State Depart- that the Under Secretary of State for only 10. The principal reason the.com- ment to elevate that priority as well Economic Affairs can play in the future mittee rejected the Department of State's as to integrate these matters smoothly is far more important than it has been plan for additional top-level positions and effectively. in the past, and that is not meant to was because what the Department has The creation of this position will also:. underestimate its importance in the past. now in the way of top level positions is First, help the department attract capa- Mr. President, I suggest the absence so far out of line with other departments ble men to fill these positions related to of a quorum. of our Government. economic affairs. As the Senator from The PRESIDING OFFICER. On whose I urge that the amendment be re- Illinois has stressed, such individuals time? jected. could not be attracted unless they were Mr. PERCY. I ask unanimous consent I ask unanimous consent that there assured of the position, rank, and salary that the time for the quorum call be di- be included as a part of my remarks a just below that of the Secretary and the vided between the two sides. list of the number of top level positions, Deputy Secretary. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without Assistant Secretary level and above, at Second, this position will help enable objection, it is so ordered. The clerk will other State departments. the person responsible for economic call the roll. There being r}o objection, the list was matters to deal personally with other The second assistant legislative clerk ordered to be printed in the RECORD, as Cabinet and subcabinet officers. He will proceeded to call the roll. follows: be assured of the position which will Mr. PERCY. Mr. President, I ask unan- NUMBER OF Top-LEVEL POSITIONS BY DEPART- him to make the necessary personal con- imous ronsent that the orter for the quo- MENT, ASSISTANT SECRETARY LEVEL AND tacts. rum call be'rescinded. ABOVE Third, the creation of this position will The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without State (17 positions) : Secretary, Deputy help the representative of the Depart- objection, it is so ordered. Who yields Secretary (title to be changed by this bill), ment of State to deal with economic time? Under Secretary, Coordinator of Security As- officials of comparable rank in foreign Mr. PERCY. I yield back the remain- sistance (Under Secretary level), 2 Deputy countries. der of my time. Under Secretaries, 11 Assistant Secretaries. As some of us. know who have had the Mr. JAVITS. Mr. President, on behalf Secretaries, 1 (9 Deputy U Under Secretary, Secretary, 5 As- Under opportunity to travel abroad and meet of the Senator from Arkansas, as a mem- sistant Secretaries. With officials of other nations, they put ber of the committee, I yield back the Defense (10 positions) : Secretary, Deputy great stock, in many European countries, remainder of his time. Secretary, 8 Assistant Secretaries. in a man's title and the position that he Mr. PERCY. I ask unanimous con- Justice (12 positions) : Attorney General, holds in his government. There is a very sent that the order for the yeas and Deputy Attorney General, Solicitor General, clearly defined pecking order, and we nays be rescinded. 9 Assistant Attorneys General. must have a person of substantial rank Secretary, Deputy Under The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there Interior positions): y Uder er Secretary, , 6 6 Secretary., Assist- Under representing the United States when he objection to the request of the Senator ant secretaries. meets with European officials and offi- from Illinois? Without objection, the Agriculture (7 positions) : Secretary, Un- cfals of other nations as well, who put order for the yeas and nays is rescinded. der Secretary, Deputy Under Secretary, 4 such great stock on a person's position The question is on agreeing to the Assistant Secretaries. when there are negotiations. amendment offered by the Senator from Commerce (8 positions) : Secretary, Under Finally, and most importantly, it will Illinois and the Senator from Californa. Secretary, Deputy Under Secretary, 5 Assist- help insure that the Department of State The amendment was agreed to. ant Secretaries. itself will be increasingly concerned with The PRESIDING OFFICER. The bill Labor (8 positions) :Secretary, Under Sec- the economic and commercial implica- is open to further amendment. retary, Deputy Under Secretary, 5 5 Assistant Mr. PERCY. Mr. President, I suggest Secretaries. tions of foreign policies of the United HEW (10 positions) : Secretary, Under Sec States. the absence of a quorum. retray, Deputy Under Secretary, 7 Assistant Accordingly, Mr. President, I am The PRESIDING OFFICER. The clerk Secretaries. pleased to join with my colleague from will call the roll. Housing and Urban Development (9 posi- Illinois in introducing this amendment The second assistant legislative clerk tions) : Secretary, Under Secretary, Deputy which should be a significant contribu- proceeded to call the roll. Under secretary, 6 Assistant Secretaries. tion to the coordination and elevation of Mr. ROBERT C. BYRD. Mr. President, Under raps Secrecr cactieon (8 positider : Secretary, , 5 5 the economic side of our foreign policies. I ask unanimous consent that the order y, Deputy Unnder Assistant Secretaries. I think the Senator from Illinois is to for the quorum call be rescinded. The PRESIDING OFFIC R. Without be congratulated for the e extensive work k The PRESIDING OFFICER. Who he has done in this area, and for giving objection, it is so ordered. yields time? the Senate the opportunity to vote to r Mr.. PERCY. Mr. President,.I yield the make such a position available in the MESSAGE FROM THE HOUSE- distinguished Senator from California State Department. I personally feel that ENROLLED BILLS SIGNED such time as he may require. this amendment should be adopted. It Mr. TUNNEY. I thank the distinguish- would be most beneficial to the United A message from the House of Repre- ed Senator from Illinois, and compliment States at this time when we are having sentatives, by Mr. Berry, one of its read- him on his leadership in bringing this great difficulties with our balance of ing clerks, announced that the Speaker Approved For Release 2005/01/05: _CIA-RDP74B00415R000600110023-5 S 8632 Approved For Release 2005/01/05 : CIA-RDP74B00415R000600110023-5 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE Ile a_ j 31, 19 naa affixed his signature to the following enrolled bills: H.R. 1915. An act to provide for the con- Ieyanee of certain real property of the United States; H.R. 5199. An act to provide for the dispo- sition of funds appropriated to pay judg- ments in favor of the Miami Tribe of Okla- homa and the Miami Indians of Indiana In Indian Claims Commission dockets num- bered 255 and 124-C, dockets numbered 256, 124-D, E, and F, and dockets numbered 131 and 253, and of funds appropriated to pay a Judgment in favor of the Mianii Tribe of Oklahoma in docket numbered 251-A, and for other purposes; H.R. 8116. An act to consent to the Kansas- Nebraska Big Blue River Compact; and H.R. 13361. An act to amend section 316(c) oi' the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938. as amended. The PRESIDENT pro tempore subse- quently signed the enrolled bills. THIRTY-MINUTE RECESS Mr. ROBERT C. BYRD. Mr. President, I move that the Senate stand in recess for 30 minutes. The motion was agreed to, and at 12:50 p.m. the Senate took a recess for 30 minutes. The Senate reassembled at 1:20 p.m., when called to order by the Presiding Officer (Mr. SPONG). QUORUM CALL Mr. ROBERT C. BYRD. Mr.,President, I suggest the absence of a quorum. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The clerk will call the roll. The legislative clerk proceeded to call the roll. Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that the order for the quorum call be rescinded. The PRESIDING OFFICER, Without objection, it is so ordered. MESSAGE FROM THE HOUSE A message from the House of Repre- scntatives, by Mr. Hackney, one of its reading clerks, announced that the House had disagreed to the amendments of the Senate to the bill (H.R. 9580) to author- ize the Commissioner of the District of Columbia to enter into agreements with the Commonwealth of Virginia and the State of Maryland concerning the fees for the operation of certain motor vehi- cles; asked a conference with the Senate oa the disagreeing votes of the two .loilses thereon, and that Mr. MCMII.LAN, Mr. STUCKEY, Mr. Nk;LSEN, and Mr. RR0YHILL of Virginia were appointed managers on the part of the house at the conference. The message also announced that the House had agreed to a concurrent resolu- tion (H. Con. Res. 625) providing for a Joint Session of the two Houses of Con- gress on June 1, 1972, to receive such communication as the President of the United States shall be pleased to make to them, in which it requested the con- c,ur~ ence of the Senate. JOINT SESSION OF THE TWO HOUSES TOMORROW Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I ask the Chair to lay before the Senate a message from the House of Representa- Lives on House Concurrent Resolution 625. The PRESIDING OFFICER laid be- fore the Senate House Concurrent Res- olution 625, which was read as follows: H. Cox. Ras. 625 Resolved by the House of Representatives She Senate concurring), That the two Houses of Congress assemble in the Hall of ;he House of Representatives on June 1, 1972, c 9:30 p.m., for the purpose of receiving such communication as the President of the United States shall be pleased to make to hem. The PRESIDING OFICER. Is there objection to the immediate considera- tion of the concurrent resolution? There being no objection, proceeded '.o consider the concurrent resolution. Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, what time is the joint session to be held to- morrow? The PRESIDING OFFICER. 9:30 p.m. tomorrow; June 1, 1972. The question is on agreeing to the con- current resolution. The concurrent resolution (H. Con. Res. 625) was agreed to. QUORUM CALL Mr. GRIFFIN. Mr. President, I suggest (he absence of a quorum. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The clerk will call the roll. The legislative clerk proceeded to call the roll. Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that the order for the ouorum call be rescinded. The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. Seoxc). Without objection, it is so or- dered. Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, are we operating on a time limitation at the moment? Tfie PRESIDING OFFICER. We are not operating on a time limitation, and the pending amendment is the amend- ment of the Senator from Michigan (Mn GRIFFIN), amendment No. 1200. Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that I be recognized for 1 minute. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without objection, it is so ordered. F'IF'TY-FIFTH ANNIVERSARY OF BIRTH OF LATE PRESIDENT JOHN I ITZGERALD KENNEDY Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, Memorial Day, May 29, marked the 55th anniversary of the birth of this Nation's 35th President, John Fitzgerald Kennedy. I simply wish to note the occasion in this fashion. It is a reminder of the legacy of this great man, cut down in his prime so violently, so cruelly, so senselessly. It is a legacy of ideas, designed to heal over wounds that had been left open to fester in this Nation after years and years of in- attention and concern Even more, it is a legacy of itispiration and idealism that in my judgzent will live as a monu- ment to a man hose achievements un- fortunately cannot be measured in years of service. An as assin s bullet made that impossible. His achievem'nts can and will be measured, howe4er, by the hope he en- gendered for a better world, a world without fear, without suffering, without war, devastation and destruction. If mankind does reach those goals-and I pray that one da~ it will-it will be said then that along the way John F. Ken- nedy made a sig ificant contribution. FOREIGN RE ,ATIONS AUTHOR- IZATIO ACT OF 1972 The Senate cdntinued with the con- sideration of the bill (S. 3526) to provide authorizations fo ducting the for United States, an Mr. GRIFFIN. r certain agencies con- eign relations of the d for other purposes. Mr. President, have the yeas and nays be4n ordered on the pend- ing amendment? The PRESIDING- OFFICER. They have not. Mr. GRIFFIN. Is it in order for the junior Senator from Michigan to with- draw his amendment without unanimous consent? The PRESIDING- OFFICER. It is. Mr. GRIFFIN. Mr. President, at this time I withdraw my amendment, and I ask what is now l he pending question? The PRESIDIN OFFICER. The pend- ing question, the Senator from Michigan having withdrawn his amendment, is the Church-Case amendment- as amended. The question 1 on agreeing to the amendment, as appended. The amendme agreed to. is the pending question before the- 'Seri-ate? The PRESIDING OFFICER. The pend- ing question now ecurs on the amend- ment of the Senator from Mississippi, amendment No. 175. The amendment is on page 38 of t e pending legislation, to strike out lines throuh 12. inclusive. Mr. GRIFFIN. II thank the Chair. Mr. MANSFIELD, Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that oii the motion to be made by the istinguished Senator from Mississippi t _ere be a time limita- Lion of 10 ininutes, the time to be equally divided between the distinguished Sen- ator from Mississippi and the distin- guisiled senior Serjator from Idaho (Mr CHIIItcH) . Tre PRESIDINd OFFICER. Is there objection? Without objection, it is so ordered. Mr. CHURCH. i4r. President, if the Senator from Mississippi will yield to me, I need only 1 minu Mr. STENNIS. Ir. President, I yield the Senator from Idaho 2 minutes of his time. Mr. CHURCH. r. President, in view of the action,that the Senate took by Approved For Release 2005/01/05 : CIA-RDP74B00415R000600110023-5 Approved For Release 2005/01/05 : CIA-RDP74B00415R000600110023-5 May 31, 1972 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -SENATE existing Under Secretary position as one for economic affairs, there are now two other high-level positions in the Depart- ment dealing with economic affairs-a Deputy Under Secretary for Economic Affairs, Mr. Nathaniel Samuels, and an Assistant Secretary for Economic Affairs, Mr. Willis Armstrong. So I think the De- partment'r capacity-personnelwise-to look after our economic interests in for- eign affairs is there, if the President chooses to emphasize this facet of the Department's work. I wish to make one other observation. The Department of State is probably the most top-heavy department in the execu- tive branch. This amendment would make it more so. The State Department has 17 positions at the Assistant Sec- retary level and above. Next in rank is the Department of Justice with 12 posi- tions; the Department of Defense has only 10. The principal reason the com- mittee rejected the Department of States plan for additional top-level positions was because what the Department has now in the way of top level positions is so far out of line with other departments of our Government. I urge that the amendment be re- jected. I ask unanimous consent that there be included as a part of my remarks a list of the number of top level positions, Assistant Secretary level and above, at other State departments. There being no objection, the list was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, as follows: NUMBER OF TOP-LEVEL POSITIONS BY DEPART- MENT, ASSISTANT SECRETARY LEVEL AND ABOVE State (17 positions) : Secretary, Deputy Secretary (title to be changed by this bill), Under Secretary, Coordinator of Security As- sistance (Under Secretary level), 2 Deputy Under Secretaries, 11 Assistant Secretaries. Treasury (9 positions) : Secretary, 2 Under Secretaries, 1 Deputy Under Secretary, 5 As- sistant Secretaries. Defense (10 positions) : Secretary, Deputy Secretary, 8 Assistant Secretaries. Justice (12 positions) : Attorney General, Deputy Attorney General, Solicitor General, 9 Assistant Attorneys General. Interior (9 positions): Secretary, Under Secretary, Deputy Under Secretary, 6 Assist- ant Secretaries. Agriculture (7 positions) : Secretary, Un- der Secretary, Deputy Under Secretary, 4 Assistant Secretaries. Commerce (8 positions) : Secretary, Under Secretary, Deputy Under Secretary, 5 Assist- ant Secretaries. Labor (8 positions) : Secretary, Under Sec- retary, Deputy Under Secretary, 5 Assistant Secretaries. HEW (10 positions) : Secretary, Under Sec- retray, Deputy Under Secretary, 7 Assistant Secretaries. Housing and Urban Development (9 posi- tions) : Secretary, Under Secretary, Deputy Under Secretary, 6 Assistant Secretaries. Transportation (8 positions) : Secretary, Under Secretary, Deputy Under Secretary, 5 Assistant Secretaries. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Who yields time? Mr. PERCY. Mr. President, I yield the distinguished Senator from California such time as he may require. Mr. TUNNEY. I thank the distinguish- ed Senator from Illinois, and compliment him on his leadership in bringing this amendment to the floor. I feel that it is a very important amendment. Mis. President, I am certain that we all 41are the concern that America's economic interests should be accorded the s me dignity abroad as her political inter s, The passage of the Percy-Tun- ney stendment creating the position of Unde Secretary of State for Economic Affair will help insure that such impor- tance underscored for our economic af- fairs. The tate Department should be given the op rtunity to play an important second, i surfing that those matters e integrate .as effectively and as Smoot 'Y as possib with other foreign affair of the Unite States. creating the po tion of United Secretary of State for/Eco- nomic Affa s will help the State epart ment to e vate that priority As well as to integl to these matters oothly The creatiofi of this positio will also : First, help th department a titi capa- ble men to fill these posit io s related to economic affai . As the rlator from Illinois has stz ssed, suc individuals could not be att acted de's they were assured of the po ition, r nk, and salary just below that of the S cretary and the Deputy Secretary. Second, this posi io will help enable the person respon i le for economic matters to deal pe onally with other Cabinet and subcab' t officers. He will be assured of the p ition which will him to make the nXess~ry personal con- Third, the crea &on of is position will help the representative of the Depart- ment of State o deal *ith economic officials of comkV.arable ral`Ak in foreign -countries. 11 As some of is know who have had the opportunity t1 travel abroad`, and meet with officials ?of other nations;, they put great stock, i many European untries, in a man's tle and the position that he holds in hi government. There ista very clearly defined pecking order, and we must hav ' a person of substantial "V represent' g the United States whe~i he meets wi h European officials and Oi- cials of her nations as well, who put such gr at stock on a person's position when t ere are negotiations. Fin y, and most importantly, it will help ir[sure that the Department of State itself ill be increasingly concerned with the conomic and commercial implica- tio s of foreign policies of the United Accordingly, Mr. President, I am pleased to join with my colleague from Illinois in introducing this amendment which should be a significant contribu- tion to the coordination and elevation of the economic side of our foreign policies. I think the Senator from Illinois is to be congratulated for the extensive work he has done in this area, and for giving the Senate the opportunity to vote to make such a position available in the State Department. I personally feel that this amendment should be adopted. It would,be most beneficial to the United States at this time when we are having great difficulties with our balance of S-8631 trade and great difficulties with our econ- omy here at home, and need to promote exports. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Who yields time? Mr. PERCY. Mr.. President, I wish to express my appreciation to my distin- lenged before. We have the first trade deficit in the United States since 1888, and we have not had it for just one quar- ter, we had it in the last quarter last year and the first quarter this year. It now looks as if the trade deficit this year may be larger than last year, ex- ceeding $2 billion. Therefore, the role that the Under Secretary of State for Economic Affairs can play in the future is far more important than it has been in the past, and that is not meant to underestimate its importance in the past. Mr. President, I suggest the absence of a quorum. The PRESIDING OFFICER. On whose time? Mr. PERCY. I ask unanimous consent that the time for the quorum call be di- vided between the two sides. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without objection, it is so ordered. The clerk will call the roll. The second assistant legislative clerk proceeded to call the roll. Mr. PERCY. Mr. President, I ask unan- imous ronsent that the orter for the quo- rum call be rescinded.` The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without objection, it is so ordered. Who yields time? Mr. PERCY. I yield back the remain- der of my time. Mr. JAVITS. Mr. President, on behalf of the Senator from Arkansas, as a mem- ber of the committee, I yield back the remainder of his time. Mr. PERCY. I ask unanimous con- sent that the order for the yeas and nays be rescinded. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there objection to the request of the Senator from Illinois? Without objection, the order for the yeas and nays is rescinded. The question is on agreeing to the amendment offered by the Senator from Illinois and the Senator from Californa. The amendment was agreed to. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The bill is Open to further amendment. Mr. PERCY. Mr. President, I suggest the absence of a quorum. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The clerk will call the roll. The second assistant legislative clerk proceeded to call the roll. Mr. ROBERT C. BYRD. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that the order for the quorum call be rescinded. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without abjection, it is so ordered. MESSAGE FROM THE HOUSE- ENROLLED BILLS SIGNED A message from the House of Repre- sentatives, by Mr. Berry, one of its read- ing clerks, announced that the Speaker Approved For Release 2005/01/05 : CIA-RDP74B00415R000600110023-5 ADDroved For Release 2005/01/05: CIA-RDP74B00415R000600116 S 8632 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE hid affixed his signature to the following enrolled bills: H.R. 1915. An act to provide for the con- veyance of certain reel property of the 1J sited States; 1i.R. 5199. An act to provide for the dispo- sition of funds appropriated to pay judg- ments in favor of the Miami Tribe of Okla- homa and the Miami Indians of Indiana in Indian Claims Commission dockets num- bered 255 and 124-C, dockets numbered 256, 124-D, E, and F, and dockets numbered 131 and 253, and of funds appropriated to pay a judgment in favor of the Miami Tribe of Oklahoma In docket numbered 251-A, and for other purposes; H.R. 8116. An act to consent to the Kansas- Nebraska Big Blue River Compact; and H.R. 13361. An act to amend section 316(c) of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938, as amended. The PRESIDENT pro tempore subse- quently signed the enrolled bills. THIRTY-MINUTE RECESS Mr. ROBERT C. BYRD. Mr. President, I move that the Senate stand in recess for 30 minutes. The motion was agreed to, and at 12:50 p.m. the Senate took a recess for 30 minutes. The Senate reassembled at 1:20 p.m., when called to order by the Presiding Officer (Mr. SPONC). QUORUM CALL Mr. ROBERT C. BYRD. Mr. President, I suggest the absence of a quorum. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The clerk will call the roll. The legislative clerk proceeded to call the roll. Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that the order for the quorum call be rescinded. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without objection, it is so ordered. MESSAGE FROM THE HOUSE A message from the House of Repre- :;eiitatives, by Mr. Hackney, one of its reading clerks, announced that the House had disagreed to the amendments of the Senate to the bill (H.R. 9580) to author- ize the Commissioner of the District of Columbia to enter into agreements with the Commonwealth of Virginia and the State of Maryland concerning the fees for the operation of certain motor vehi- cles; asked a conference with the Senate on the disagreeing votes of the two Houses thereon, and that Mr. MCMILLAN, Mr. STUCKEY. Mr. NELSEN, and Mr. 13ROYHILI. of Virginia were appointed n onagers on the part of the House at tht-i conference. The message also announced that the blouse had agreed to a concurrentTesolu- HiOn (H. Con. Res. 625, providing for a ?oint Session of the two Houses of Con- yress on June 1, 1972, to receive such communication as the President of the United States shall be pleased to make to them, in which it requested the con- currence of the Senate. JOINT SESSION OF THE TWO HOUSES TOMORROW Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I ask the Chair to lay before the Senate a message from the House of Representa- tives on House Concurrent Resolution 625. The PRESIDING OFFICER laid be- fore the Senate House Concurrent Res- olution 625, which was read as follows: H. CoN. Has. 625 Pesolved by the House of Representatie)es (tine Senate concurring), That the two llo?ises of Congress assemble in the Hall of the House of Representatives on June 1, 1972, at 9:30 p.m., for the purpose of receiving such communication as the President of the United States shall be pleased to make to +hem. The PRESIDING OFICER. Is there objection to the immediate considera- tion of the concurrent resolution? There being no objection, proceeded to consider the concurrent resolution. Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, what time is the joint session to be held to- lnorrow? The PRESIDING OFFICER. 9:30 p.m. tomorrow; June 1, 1972. The question is on agreeing to the con- current resolution. The concurrent resolution (H. Con. Res. 625) was agreed to. QUORUM CALL Mr. GRIFFIN. Mr. President, I suggest the absence of a quorum. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The clerk will call the roll. The legislative clerk proceeded to call the roll. Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that the order for the quorum call be rescinded. The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. SPoNC). Without objection, it is so or- dered. Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, are we operating on a time limitation at the moment? The PRESIDING OFFICER. We are not, operating on a time limitation, and the pending amendment is the amend- ment of the Senator from Michigan (Mr. GRIFFIN), amendment No. 1200. Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that I be recognized for 1 minute. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without objection, it is so ordered. FIFTY-FIFTH ANNIVERSARY OF BIRTH OF LATE PRESIDENT JOHN FITZGERALD KENNEDY Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, Memorial Day, May 29, marked the 55th anniversary of the birth of this Nation's 35th President, John Fitzgerald Kennedy. I simply wish to note the occasion in this fashion. It is a reminder of the legacy of this great man, cut down in his prime so violently, so cruelly, so senselessly. It is a legacy of ideas, designed to heal over wounds that had been left open to fester May 31, 1972 In this Nation after year,, and years of in- attention and unconcern. Even more, it is a legacy of inspiration and idealism that in my judgment will live as a monu- ment to a man whose achievements un- fortunately cannot be measured in years of service. An assassin's bullet made that impossible. His achievements can and will be measured, however, by the hope he en- gendered for a better world, a world without fear, without suffering, without war, devastation and destruction. If mankind does reach these goals-and I pray that one day it will-it will be said then that along the way John F. Ken- nedy made a significant contribution. F E OREIGN RELATIONS AUTHOR- IZATION ACT OF 1972 The Senate continued with the con- sideration of the bill (S. 3526) to provide authorizations for certain agencies con- ducting the foreign relations of the United States, and for other purposes. Mr. GRIFFIN. Mr. President, have the yeas and nays been ordered on the pend- ing amendment? i The PRESIDING OFFICER. They have not. Mr. GRIFFIN. Is it in order for the junior Senator from Michigan to with- draw his amendment without unanimous consent? The PRESIDING OFFICER. It is. Mr. GRIFFIN. Mr. President, at this time I withdraw my amendment, and I ask what is now the pending question? The PRESIDING OFFICER. The pend- ing question, the Senator from Michigan having withdrawn his amendment, is the Church-Case amendment., as amended. The question is on agreeing to the amendment, as amended. The amendment, as amended, was agreed to. Mr. GRIFFIN. Mr. President, what now is the pending question before the Sen- ate? The PRESIDING OFFICER. The pend- ing question now recurs on the amend- ment of the Senator from Mississippi, amendment No. 1175. The amendment is on page 38 of the pending legislation, to strike out lines 1 through 12, inclusive. Mr. GRIFFIN. I thank the Chair. Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr; President, I ask unanimous consent that on the motion to be made by the distinguished Senator from Mississippi there be a time limita- tion of 10 minutes', the time to be equally divided between the distinguished Sen- ator from Mississippi and the distin- guished senior Senator from Idaho (Mr CHURCH). Tre PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there objection? Without objection, it is so ordered. Mr. CHURCH. Mr. President. if the Senator from Mississippi will yield to me. I need only 1 minute. Mr. STENNIS. Mr. President, I yield the Senator from Idaho 7 minutes of his time. Mr. CHURCH. Mr. President, in view of the action that the Senate took by Approved For Release 2005/01/05 : CIA-RDP74B00415R000600110023-5 Approved For Release 2005/01/05 : CIA-RDP74B00415R000600110023-5 May 31, 1972 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -SENATE a rollcall vote adding the addendum of- fered by the distinguished Senator from West Virginia (Mr. ROBERT C. BYRD) to the original Church-Case amendment, it is no longer acceptable to the sponsors, and for that reason I will not oppose- indeed, I intend to support-the motion soon to be made by the Senator from Mississippi to strike the entire provision from the bill. I think we will have an opportunity later, on a different bill, to take up the question of how the Senate should best proceed to try to bring this endless war in Southeast Asia to a conclusion; I,-'- under the circumstances, now is not The PRESIDING OFFICER. All time on the amendment has been yielded back. The question is on agreeing to the amendment of the Senator from Mis- sissippi. The amendment was agreed to. Mr. STENNIS. Mr. President, I move to reconsider the vote by which the amend- ment was agreed to. Mr. ROBERT C. BYRD. Mr. President, I move to lay that motion on the table. The motion to lay on the table was agreed to. Mr. ROBERT C. BYRD. Mr. President, I wish the RECORD to show that I voted "No" on the adoption of the amendment the time. by Mr. STENNIS. I simply want the RECORD to make The PRESIDING OFFICER. The bill is clear that I will not oppose the motion open to further amendment. If there be rquestion is on the Senator from e bill. i Mississippi the engrossment and third the eading of the this language from rom the blI t the Senator for granting me this time. bill. Mr. STENNIS. Mr. President, I yield The bill was ordered to be engrossed for myself 3 minutes of my time. a third reading, and was read the third sons on my part. I am opposed to the merits of section 701, which undertakes to cut off the funds on a date certain with reference to military matters in Vietnam. Additionally, at the time it was filed, it was just prior to to the summit con- ference that the President was going to have in Moscow. Preliminary prepara- tions and bhe atmosphere of prepara- tions in Moscow and here were consum- ing the time, primarily of the govern- ments, and I was determined that, so far as I was concerned, this section not be passed, if avoidable, during the pend- ency of those highly important mat- ters. Now they have already occurred. I want to say that I was very much impressed, as well as pleased, that the sponsors of section 701, after it has reached this stage, were willing to de- feat this section. That includes the Sen- Mr. FULBRIGHT. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that the Committee on Foregin Relations be discharged from further consideration of H.R. 14734, an act to authorize appropriations for the Department of State and the U.S. In- formation Agency, and that the Senate proceed to its immediate consideration. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The bill will be stated by title. The legislative clerk read as follows: A bill (H.R. 14734) to authorize appropria- tions to the Department of State and the United States Information Agency. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there objection to the request of the Senator from Arkansas that the committee be discharged? The Chair hears none, and it is so ordered. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there objection to the present consideration of the House bill? There being no objection, the Senate ator from Arkansas had some sentiments proceeded to consider the bill. to that effect. I commend them and Mr. FULBRIGHT. I ask unanimous others of the same opinion. In fact, I consent that all after the enacting think it is the overwhelming sentiment clause of HR. 14734 be stricken, and that of this membership not to pursue this the language of S. 3526, as amended, be matter under the circumstances. substituted therefor. We still have the war on our hands. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there It is a serious matter. I am as anxious objection? as others that it be concluded. There is The Chair merely a difference of opinion as to how ordered. S8633 Carolina (Mr. ERVIN), the Senator from Alaska (Mr. GRAVEL), the Senator from Oklahoma (Mr.. HARRIS), the Senator from Indiana (Mr. HARTKE), the Senator from Minnesota (Mr. HUMPHREY), the Senator from North Carolina (Mr. JORDAN), the Senator from Arkansas (Mr. MCCLELLAN), the Senator from South Dakota (Mr. MCGOVERN), the Senator from Montana (Mr. METCALF), and the Senator from Maine (Mr. MusKiE), are necessarily absent. I further announce that, if present and voting, the Senator from Mississippi (Mr. EASTLAND), the Senator from North Caro- lina (Mr. ERVIN), the Senator frorp In- diana (Mr. HARTKE), and the Senator from Minnesota (Mr. HUMPHREY), would each vote "yea." Mr. GRIFFIN. I announce that the Senator from Tennessee (Mr. BAKER), the Senator from New York (Mr. BUCK- LEY), the Senator from New Jersey (Mr. CASE), the Senator from Hawaii (Mr. FONG), the Senator from Wyoming (Mr. HANSEN), the Senator from Oregon (Mr. HATFIELD), and the Senator from Iowa (Mr. MILLER) are necessarily absent. The Senator from Maryland (Mr. MATHIAS) is absent on official business. The Senator from Arizona (Mr. GOLD- WATER) and the Senator from South Da- kota (Mr. MUNDT) are absent because of illness. The Senator from South Carolina (Mr. THURMOND) is detained on official busi- ness. If present and voting, the Senator from New York (Mr. BUCKLEY), the Senator from Hawaii (Mr. FONG), and the Sen- ator from South Carolina (Mr. THUR- MOND) would each vote "yea." The result was announced-yeas 76, nays 1, as follows: [No. 194 Leg.] YEAS-76 Aiken Eagleton Pearson Allen Ellender Pell Allott Fannin Percy Bayh Fulbright Proxmire Beall Gambrell Randolph Bellmon Griffin Ribicoff Bennett Gurney Roth Bentsen Hart Saxbe Bible Hollings Schweiker Boggs Hruska Scott Brock Hughes Smith Brooke Inouye Sparkman Burdick Jackson Spong Byrd, Javits Stafford Harry F., Jr. Jordan, Idaho Stennis Byrd, Robert C. Kennedy Stevens Cannon Long Stevenson Chiles Magnuson Symington Church McGee Taft Cook McIntyre Talmadge Cooper Mondale Tower Cotton Montoya Tunney Cranston Moss Weicker Curtis Nelson Williams Dole Packwood Young Dominick Pastore it should be done. Section 701 has taken The question is on the engrossment of its final form. the amendment and the third reading of A parliamentary inquiry, Mr. Presi- the bill. dent. Amendment No. 1175 is now the The amendment was ordered to be en- pCnding order of business. Is it not? grossed and the bill to be read a third The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- time. ator from Mississippi is correct. The bill was (read the third time. Mr. STENNIS. If that amendment is The PRESIDING OFFICER. The bill adopted now, it will strike out the entire having been read the third time, the section, including the parts that have question is, Shall . it pass? been amended. Is that correct? Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I ask The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- for the yeas and nays. ator from Mississippi is correct. The yeas and nays were ordered. Mr. STENNIS. Mr. President, I am glad The PRESIDING OFFICER. The bill to yield back the remainder of niy tin-4e, having been read the third time, the unless some other Senator wants to use question is, Shall it pass? On this ques- some of it, and we can have the vote now. tion, the yeas and nays have been or- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The time dered, and the clerk will call the roll. of the Senator from Mississippi is yielded Mr. ROBERT C. BYRD. I announce back. that the Senator from New Mexico (Mr. Mr. CHURCH. Mr. President, I yield ANDERSON), the Senator from Mississippi back the remainder of my time. (Mr. EASTLAND), the Senator from North NAYS-1 Mansfield NOT VOTING-23 Anderson Gravel McClellan Baker Hansen McGovern Buckley Harris Metcalf Case Hartke Miller Eastland Hatfield Mundt Ervin Humphrey Muskie Fong Jordan, N.C. Thurmond Goldwater Mathias So the bill (H.R. 14734) was passed. Mr. FULBRIGHT. Mr. President, I Approved For Release 2005/01/05 : CIA-RDP74B00415R000600110023-5 S 8634 Approved For Release 2005/01/05 : CIA-RDP74B00415R000600110023-5 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -SENATE VI a2/ 31. 19;.2 move to reconsider the vote by which the TRIBUTE TO SENATOR FULBRIGHT, bill was passed. SENATOR AIKEN, AND OTHER Mr. MANSFIELD. I move to lay that SENATORS motion on the table. The motion to lay on the table was Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I wish agreed to. to commend the able and distinguished Mr. FULBRIGHT. Mr. President, I ask Senator from Arkansas (Mr. FULBRIGHT) unanimous consent that the title of H.R. for his handling of the State Depart- 14734 be amended so as to read "An act ment-USIA authorization proposal. As to Provide authorization for certain always, his advocacy and great skill con- agencies conducting the foreign relations tributed to the overall success of the of the United States, and for other pur- poses." The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there objection? The Chair hears none, and it is so ordered. Mr. FULBRIGHT. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that the Secretary of the Senate be authorized to make ap- propriate technical corrections in H.R. 14734. The PRESIDING OFFICER, Without objection, it is so ordered. Mr. FULBRIGHT. Mr. President, I move that the Senate insist upon its amendments to H.R. 14734 and request a conference with the House, and that the Chair be authorized to appoint the con- ferees on the part of the Senate. The motion was agreed to; and the Presiding Officer appointed Mr. FuL- BRIGHT, Mr. SPARKMAN, Mr. MANSFIELD, Mr. CHURCH, Mr. AIKEN, Mr. CASE, and Mr. COOPER conferees on the part of the Senate. Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, will the Senator yield? Mr. FULBRIGHT. I yield. Mr. MANSFIELD. Will the Senator name a junior Democrat to serve in my place? Mr. FULBRIGHT. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that the Senator from Virginia (Mr. SPONG) be substituted for the Senator from Montana (Mr. MANS- FIELD). The PRESIDING OFFICER, Is there objection?, The Chair hears none, and it is so ordered. Mr. FULBRIGHT. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that S. 3526 be in- definitely postponed. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without objection, it is so ordered. [ ORDER FOR PRINTING OF H.R. 14734 Mr. ROBERT C. BYRD subsequently said: Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that the text of H.R. 14734 which passed the Senate earlier today be printed as it passed the Senate. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without objection, it is so ordered. ANNOUNCEMENT OF POSITION ON VOTE Mr. MILLER subsequently said: Mr. President, earlier today, I was absent for the votes on the Byrd Amendment No. 1196 to S. 3526 and final passage of H.R. 14734. I wish to be positioned "aye" on both votes. measure. In the end, this measure did not serve as a vehicle for congressional efforts concerning the war in Southeast Asia, but in no way, may I say, have those efforts been diminished-not as far as the Senator from Montana is concerned, not as far as the Senate is concerned. There were many other issues involved in this proposal and it is well, indeed, that they were finally resolved. It was due in large measure to Senator FuL- BRIGHT'S leadership that, at long last, the Congress retains the capacity to review the State Department and its many pro- grams and policies from an authorizing standpoint. The Senate is deeply grate- ful. The Senate is grateful as well to the distinguished senior Senator from Ver- mont (Mr. AIKEN) whose splendid co- operation and assistance was vital to the disposition of this proposal. As the ranking minority member he has joined consistently to aid the efficient handling of all such legislation. It should be noted that many Senators contributed to the discussion on this measure over a long period. The distin- guished Senator from Kentucky (Mr. COOPER) and the distinguished Senator from Indiana (Mr. BAYH) deserve com- mendation for their efforts. The distin- guished Senator from New Jersey (Mr. CASE) and the distinguished Senator from Idaho (Mr. CHURCH) deserve equal praise. Their interest and concern about the tragedy in Vietnam is unsurpassed in this body. Many other Senators should be sin- gled out for their contributions and co- operation. The Senators from Wyoming Mr. MCGEE), from Illinois (Mr. PERCY). and Massachusetts (Mr BRO ) h ld ox EXECUTIVE SESSION Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I move that the Senate go into executive session to consider the nomination of Richard G. Kleintlienst, of Arizona, to be Attorney General, and other nomina- tions. The motion was agreed to, and the Senate proceeded' to the consideration of executive business. DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE The assistant legislative clerk read the nomination of Richard G. Kleindienst, of Arizona, to be Attorney General. Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, this debate will take some time. Mr. ROBERT C. BYRD. Mr. President, the Senate is not in order. The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. SPONG). The Senator will suspend. The Senate will please be in order. The Senate will suspend until all Senators take their seats. The Senator from Montana may prb- ceed. Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that the pending nomination be temporarily laid aside and that the Senate proceed to the considera- tion of nominations beginning with New Reports, on page 2. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without objection, the pending nomination will be temporarily laid aside and the Senate will proceed to the consideration of nom- inations, beginning with New Reports, on page 2 of the Executive Calendar. U.S. DISTRICT COURTS The assistant legislative clerk read the nomination of Norman C. Roettger, Jr., of Florida, to be U.S. district judge for the southern district of Florida. The PRESIDING OFICER. Without objection, the nomination is considered and conrfimed. E sou The assistant legislative clerk pro- be included, together with many other ceeded to read sundry nominations in Senators, the U.S. Army. To the Senate as a whole I wish to ex- Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President. I ask tend the thanks of the leadership for its unanimous consent that these nomina- action today achieved through the joint bons be considered en bloc, except the efforts of every Member of this body. last one, on page 6 of the Executive Calendar, Lt. Gen. Geo .e Irvin For- )`UTHORIZATION FOR THE COMMIT- svthe. TEE ON FOREIGN RELATIONS TO The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without HAVE UNTIL MIDNIGHT TONIGHT objection, it is so ordered, and the Ervin cnrd TO FILE ITS REPORT ON S. 3390 inations, are except considered forLt. . Gen sa.nd d confirmed aMr. FULBRIGHT. Mr. President, I ask en bloc. unanimous consent that the Committee Mr, MANSFIELD. Mr. President, will on Foreign Relations have until midnight the Chair now call up the nomination tonight to file a report on S. 3390, a bill of Lieutenant General Forsythe? to amend the Foreign Assistance Act of The PRESIDING OFFICER. The 1961, and for other purposes. clerk will report the nomination. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without The assistant legislative clerk read objection, it is so ordered. the nomination of Lt. Gen. George Irvin Approved For Release 2005/01/05 : CIA-RDP74B00415R000600110023-5 Approved For Rele pp~~//pp 7 8000600110023-5 '' 5l3 June 15 , 1972 CONUON~81- The question was taken; and there were-yeas 277, nays 60, not voting 95, as follows: [Roll No. 2081 Adams Addabbo Alexander Anderson, YEAS-277 Gaydos Nedzi Gettys Nelsen Giaimo Obey O'Konski O'Neill Passman Patten Pepper. Pettis Peyser kl Abbitt Archer Arends Ashbrook Baker Bennett Daniel, Va. Mathis, Ga. Davis, Wis. ' Michel Dennis Derwinski Devine Dickinson Mizell Pelly Rhodes Robinson, Va. Betts Findley Ruth Blackburn Flynt Sandman Bow Ford. Gerald R. Satterfield Broyhill, N.C. Goodling Saylor Camp Griffin Scherle Carlson Gross Schmitz Chappell Haley Schneebell Clawson, Del Hutchinson Scott Collier Jonas Smith, N.Y. Collins, Tex. Kuykendall Steiger, Ariz. Anderson, Ill. Gonzalez Andrews, Ala. Grasso Andrews, Gray N. Dak. Green, Oreg. Annunzio Green, Pa. Ashley Gubser? Aspin Gude Aspinall ' Hamilton Badillo Hammer- Baring schmidt Barrett Begich Belcher Bergland Bevill Biaggi Biester Boggs Boland Brademas Heckler. Mass. Riegle Brasco Heinz Roberts Brinkley Helstoski Robison, N.Y. Brooks Henderson Rodino Brotzman Hicks, Mass. Roe Brown, Mich. Hicks, Wash. Rogers Brown, Ohio Hogan Roncalio Broyhill, Va. Holifleld Rostenkowski Burke, Fla. Howard Burke, Mass. Hull Burleson, Tex. Hungate Roush Roy Roybal Runnels Ruppe Byron Cabell Caffery Carey, N.Y. Carney Carter Casey, Tex. Cederberg Chisholm Clark Clausen, Don H. Clay Cleveland Conte Conyers Corman Cotter -Coughlin Teague, Tex. Thompson, Ga. Ware Whalley Pic e Coimer Kyl Pike Conable Landgrebe Powell Conover Mallary Preyer, N.C. Crane Martin Hanley Price, Tex. Hanna Pucinski Abernethy Hansen, Idaho Purcell berneth u Hansen, Wash. Quie zug Harrington Quillen A erson, U..+4- Rallsback Jarman St Germain Johnson, Calif. Sarbanes Johnson, Pa. Schwengel Jones, Ala. Sebelius Jones, N.C. Seiberling Jones, Tenn. Shipley Karth Shoup Kastenmeler Shriver Kazen Sikes Keating Sisk Kee Skubitz Keith Slack Kemp Smith, Iowa Koch ' Spence Latta Stanton, Leggett J. William Lent Stanton, Lloyd James V. Long, Md. Steed Culver Lujan Daniels, N.J. McClory Danielson McCollister Davis,. Ga. McCormack de la Garza McCulloch Dellenback McDade Dellums McFall Denholm McKevitt Dent McKinney Diggs Macdonald, Donohue ? Mass. Dorn Madden Dow Mahon Steele Stokes Stratton Stubblefield Stuckey Symington Taylor Teague, Calif. Thomson, Wis. Thone Tiernan Udall Ullman Downing Mann Van Deerlin Drinan Mathias, Calif, Vander Jagt Dulski Matsunaga Vanik Duncan Mayne Veysey du Pont Meeds Vigorito Eckhardt Melcher Waggonner Edwards, Calif. Mikva Waldie Eilberg Miller, Calif. Wampler Esch Miller, Ohio Whalen Evans, Colo. Mills, Ark. White Evins,'Tenn. Mills, Md. Whitten Fascell Minish Widnall Fish Mink Winn Fisher Minshall Wolff Flood ' Mitchell Wyatt Flowers Mollohan Wydler Foley Monagan Wylie Ford, Moorhead Wyman William D. Morgan Yates Forsythe Moss Young, Fla. Fountain Murphy, ill. Young, Tex. Frelinghuysen Murphy, N.Y. Zablocki Frey Myers Zion Galiflanakis Natcher Zwach NOT VOTING-95 Griffiths Patman Grover Perkins Hagan Hall Halpern Harsha Harvey Hebert Hillis Hosmer Ichord King Kluczynski Kyros Landrum Pirnie Poage Podell Poff Pryor, Ark. Randall Rarick Rooney,N.Y. Rooney, Pa. Rosenthal Rousselot Scheuer Smith, Calif. Blatnik\ Bray \ Broomfield Byrne, Pa. Byrnes, Wis.\ Geller 3 Chamberlain Clancy Collins, Ill. Curlin Davis, S.C. Delaney Dingell Dowdy Dwyer Edmondson Edwards, Ala. Erlenborn Eshleman Fraser Frenzel Fulton Fuqua Gallagher Garmatz L g, La. Staggers Mc loskey Steiger, Wis. Mc ure Stephens McD old, Sullivan Mic Talcott McEwe Terry McKay Thompson, N.J. McMillan Whitehurst Mailliard \, Wiggins. Mazzola \ Williams Metcalfe x~ Wilson, Bob Montgomery Wilson, Mosher Charles H. Nichols right Nix tron O'Hara So the bill was passed. The Clerk announced the f>iliowing pairs : \.~ nn this vote: Mr. Rooney of New York for, with Mr:\Hall against. Mr. Grover for, with Mr. Rousselot against. Mr. McDonald of Michigan for., with Ni;. Edwards of Alabama against. Mr. Hillis for, with Mr. Terry against. Mr. Nichols for, with Mr. Abernethy against. Mr. McEwen for, with Mr. Rarick against. Mr. Frenzel for, with Mr. Smith of Cali- fornia against. Until further notice: Mr. Hebert with Mr. Byrnes of Wisconsin. Mr. Ichord with Mr. Chamberlain. Mrs. Sullivan with Mr. tray. Mr. Dingell with Mr. Broomfield. Mrs. Griffiths with Mr. Harvey. Mr. Podell with Mr. Halpern. Mr. Mazzoli with Mr. Snyder. Mr. Thompson of New Jersey with Mrs. Dwyer. Mr. Charles H. Wilson with Mr. Bob Wilson. Mr. Byrne of Pennsylvania with Mr. Wil- liams. Mr. Yatron with Mr. Eshleman. Mr. Collins of Illinois with Mrs. Abzug. Mr. Fraser with Mr. Metcalfe. Mr. Kluczynski with Mr. Erlenborn. Mr. Lennon with Mr. Poff. Mr. Link with Mr. Springer. Mr. Blatnik with Mr. Harsha. Mr. Edmondson with Mr. McClure. Mr. Perkins with Mr. Bell. Mr. Rooney of Pennsylvania with Mr. Mc- Closkey.' Mr. Nix with Mr. Rosenthal. Mr. Geller with Mr. King. Mr. Delaney with Mr. Wiggins. Mr. Staggers with Mr. Whitehurst. Mr. Montgomery with Mr. Clancy. Mr. Fulton with Mr. Hosmer. Mr. Curlin with Mr. Talcott. Mr. Anderson of Tennessee with Mr. Mail- hard. Mr. Kyros with Mr. Mosher. Mr. Bingham with Mr. Pirnie. Mr. Abourezk with Mr. Stephens. Mr. McMillian with Mr. Blanton. Mr. Davis of South Carolina with Mr. Pat- man. Mr. O'Hara with Mr. Scheuer. Mr. Wright with Mr. Randal. Mr. Hagan with Mr. Fuqua. Mr. McKay with Mr. Pryor of Arkansas. Mr. Long of Louisiana with Mr. Garmatz. Mr. Landrum with Mr. Gallagher. The result of the vote was announced as above recorded. A motion to reconsider was laid on the table. GENERAL LEAVE Mr. FLOOD. Mr. Speaker, I ask unani- mous consent that all Members may have 5 legislative days in which to extend their remarks on the bill (H.R. 15417), just passed, and to include extraneous matter. The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the request of the gentleman from Pennsylvania? There was no objection. CORRECTION OF THE RECORD Mr. FLOOD. Mr. Speaker, I ask unan- imous consent that the bound RECORD of June 14, 1972, be corrected as follows: Page H5623, column 1, sixth full para- graph, please delete "Mr. CONTE" and substitute therefor "Mr. FLOOD." Same page, same column, please de- lete the 11th and 12th full paragraphs and substitute therefor: Mr. FLOOD. I would like to say in addition to that, I would like to add my words. Because of the experience with this "problem in recent years with reference to lead-base poisoning, the gentleman from New York (Mr. RYAN) brought this up year after year especially for the last 3 gears before the committee and is largely responsible for the making of these, grants and the beginning of that program. .The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the 'request of the gentleman from Pennsylvania? There was no objection. PERMISSION FOR GENERAL DEBATE ONLY ON JUNE 20 ON PUBLIC WORKS, ATOMIC ENERGY, TREAS- URY, AND POSTAL SERVICE AP- PROPRIATIONS, 1973 Mr. MAHON. Mr. Speaker, I ask unan- imous consent that it may be in order in the House on Tuesday next-clause 6 of rule XXI to the contrary notwithstand- ing-to have general debate only on the bill making appropri$~tions for public Approved For Release 2005/01/05 : CIA-RDP74B00415R000600110023-5 Approved For R ffi/ LC B4B0 5MP00600110023-5June works for water and power development, the Atomic Energy Commission, and certain other agencies for the fiscal year ending June 30,1973, and to have general debate only on the bill making appro- priations for the Treasury Department, the Postal Service, the Executive Office of the President, and certain independ- ent agencies, for the fiscal year ending June $0, 1973. The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the request of the gentleman from Texas? There was no objection. CONFERENCE REPORT ON H.R. 14734, FOREIGN RELATIONS AUTHORI- ZATION ACT OF 1972 Mr. MORGAN submitted the following conference report and statement on the bill (H.R. 14734) to authorize appro- priations for the Department of State and for the U.S. Information Agency: CONFERENCE REPORT (HOUSE KEPT. No. 92-1145) The committee of conference on the dis- agreeing votes of the two Houses on the amendments of the Senate to the bill (H.R. 14734) to authorize appropriations for the Department of State and for the United States Information Agency, having met, after full and free conference, have agreed to recommend and do recommend to their respective Houses as follows: That the House recede from its disagree- ment to the amendment of the Senate to the text of the House bill and agree to the same with an amendment as follows: In lieu of the matter proposed to be inserted by the Senate amendment insert the following: That this Act may be cited as the "For- eign Relations Authorization Act of 1972". TITLE I-DEPARTMENT OF STATE AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS SEc. 101. (a) There are authorized to be ap- propriated for the Department of State for fiscal year 1973, to carry out the authorities, functions, duties, and responsibilities in the conduct of the foreign affairs of the United States, and other purposes authorized by law, the following amounts: (1) for the "Administration of Foreign Af- fairs", $289,453,000; (2) for "International Organizations and Conferences", $188,263,000; (3) for "International Commissions", $18,- 226.000; (4) for "Educational Exchange", $59,200,- 000; and (5) for "Migration and Refuge Assistance", $8,212,000. (b) The Secretary of State is authorized to furnish, on terms and conditions he con- siders appropriate, assistance to Israel or another suitable country, including assist- ance for the resettlement in Israel or such country of Jewish or other similar refugees from the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. There are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary not to exceed $85,000,000 to carry out the provisions of this subsection. (c) Appropriations Made under subsection (a) of this section are authorized to remain available until expended. LIMITATION UPON PRIOR AUTHORIZATION REQUIREMENT SEC. 102. Section 15(a) of the Act entitled "An Act to provide certain basic authority for the Department of State", approved Au- gust 1, 1958, as amended by section 407 of the Foreign Abelatance Act of 1971 (22 U.S.C. 2680), is amended by adding at the end there- of the following new sentence: "The provi- sions of this subsection shall not apply to, or affect in any manner, permanent appropri- ations, trust funds, and other similar ac- counts administered by the Department as authorized by law.". DEPUTY SECRETARY OF STATE AND UNDER SECRETARY OF STATE SEC. 103. (a) (1) The first section of the Act of May 26, 1949, as amended (22 U.S.C. 2652), is amended to read as follows: "That there shall be in the Department of State, in addit)on to the Secretary of State, a Deputy Secretary of State, an Under Secretary of State for Political Affairs, an Under Secretary of State for Economic. Affairs, a Deputy Under Secretary of State, kind eleven Assistant Sec- retaries of State." (2) Section 2(b) of the Act of May 26, 1949, as amended (22 U.S.C. n652), is repealed. (b) The duties of the Under Secretary of State are transferred to the Deputy Secretary of State. The individual holding, on the date of enactment of this Act, the office of the Under Secretary of State may assume the duties of the Deputy Secretary of State. The individual assuming such duties Shall not be required to be reappointed by reason of the enactment of this section. (c) The provisions of subsection (a) of this section are effective July 1, 1972. EXECUTIVE SCHEDULE PAY RATES SEC. 104. Chapter 53 of title 5, United States Code, is amended as follows: (1) Section 5313(2) is amended to read as follows: "(2) Deputy Secretary of State." (2) Section 5314(9) is amended by striking out "or" before "Under Secretary of State for Economic Affairs" and inserting in lieu thereof "and". (3) Section 5315 (10) is amended to read as follows: "(10) Deputy Under Secretary of State." RETIREMENT ANNUITIES FOR CERTAIN ALIENS SEC. 105. (a) Section 8331(1) of title 5, United States Code, is amended- (1) by striking out "and" at the end of subparagraph (H); (2) by adding "and" at the end of sub- paragraph (I); and (3) by inserting, immediately below sub- paragraph (I), the following new subpara- graph: "(J) an alien (i) who was previously em- ployed by the Government, (ii) who is em- ployed full time by a foreign government for the purpose of protecting or furthering the interests of the United States during an in- terruption of diplomatic or consular rela- tions, and (iii) for whose services reimburse- ment is made to the foreign government by the United States;". (b) Subsection (a) of this section shall become effective on the first day of the second month which begins after its enact- ment. (c) The amendments made by such sub- section (a) shall not apply in the cases of persons retired or otherwise separated prior to the effective date established under sub- section (b) of this section, and the rights of such persons and their survivors shall con- tinue in the same manner and to the same extent as if such amendments had not been enacted. MILITARY PERSONNEL AND CIVILIAN EMPLOYEES' CLAIMS ACT OF 1964 SEC. 106. (a) Section 3(b) (1) of the Mili- tary Personnel and Civilian' Employees' Claims Act of 1964, as amended (31 U.S.C. 241(b) (1) ), is amended to read as follows: "(b) (1) Subject to any policies the Presi- dent may prescribe to effectuate the pur- poses of this subsection and- "(A) under regulations the head of an agency (other than a military department, the Secretary of the Treasury with respect to the Coast Guard, the Department of De- fense, or an agency or office referred to in subparagraph (B) of this paragraph) may prescribe for his agency or. In the case of 15, 1972 ACTION, all of that part of ACTION other than the office referred to in such sub- paragraph, part thereof, he or his designee may settle and pay a claim arising after August 31, 1964, against the United States for not more than. $8,500 made by a, member of the uniformed services under the jurisdic- tion of that ageizcy or by a civilian officer or employee of that agency or part thereof, for damage to, or loss, of, personal property incident to his service; and "(B) under regulations the Secretary of State, the Administrator for the Agency for International Development, the Director of the United States Information Agency, the Director of the United States Arms Control and Disarmament Agency, the Director of ACTION with respect to the office of ACTION engaged primarily 'in carrying out the Peace Corps Act, and the Board of Directors of the Overseas Private Investment Corporation, may prescribe for their agencies or, in the case of ACTION, for such office, he or his designee may settle and pay a claim arising after August 31, 1964, against the United States for not more than $10,000 made by a civilian officer or employee of such agency or office for damage to, or loss of personal property incident to his service. If the claim is substantiated and the pos- session of that property is determined to be reasonable, useful, or proper under the cir- cumstances, the claim may be paid or the property replaced in kind. This subsection does not apply to claims settled before Au- gust 31, 1964." (b) Subsection (a) of this section is ef- fective August 31, 1964. Notwithstanding sec- tion 4 of the Military Personnel and Civilian Employees' Claims Act of 1964, or any ether provision of law, a claim heretofore settled in the amount of $6,500 solely by reason of the maximum limitation established by sec- tion 3 (b) (1) of such Act, may, upon written request of the claimant made within one year from the date of enactment of this Act, be reconsidered and settled under that sec- tion, as amended by subsection (a) of this section. AMBASSADORS AND MINISTERS SEC. 107. Section 501 of the Foreign Service Act of 1946 (22 U SS.C. 901) is amended by adding at the end thereof the following new subsection : "(c) On and after the date of enactment of the Foreign Relations Authorization Act of 1972, no person shalt be designated as ambas- sador or minister, or be designated to serve in any position with the title of ambassador or minister, unless that person is appointed as an ambassador or minister in accordance with subsection (a) of this section or clause 3, sec- tion 2, of article II of the Constitution, relat- ing to recess appointments, except that the personal rank of ambassador or minister may be conferred by the President in connection with special missions for the President of an essentially limited and temporary nature of not exceeding six months." TITLE II--UNITED STATES INFORMATION AGENCY AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS SEc. 201. There are authorized to be ap- propriated for the' United States Informa- tion Agency for fiseal year 1973, to carry out international informational activities and programs under the United States Informa- tion and Educational Exchange Act of 1948, the Mutual Educational and Cultural Ex- change Act of 1961, and Reorganization Plan Numbered 8 of 1953, and other purposes au- thorized by law, the following amounts: (1) $194,213,000 : for "Salaries and ex- penses" and "Salaries and expenses (special foreign currency program) ", except that so much of such amount as may be appropri- ated for "Salaries and expenses (special for- eign currency program)" may be appropri- ated without fiscal year limitation; Approved For Release 2005/01/05 : CIA-RDP74B00415R000600110023-5 tom-, June 15, 1 P7,2 Approved F C0N ffM?MR /0J-fBD_P71495R000600110023-5 H 57,15 (2) $5,036,000 for "Special international any Government agency, to carry out the exhibitions" and "Special international exhi- provisions of this Act, for expenses in con- bitions (special foreign currency program) ". nection with travel of personnel outside the which amount may be appropriated without continental United States, including travel fiscal year limitation, and of dependents and transportation of personal (3) $1,000,000 for "Acquisition and con- effects, household goods, or automobiles of struction of radio facilities", which amount such personnel, shall be available for all may be appropriated without fiscal year such expenses in connection with travel or limitation. . transportation which begins in that fiscal PROVIDING CERTAIN BASIC AUTHORITIES year pursuant to travel orders issued in that year, notwithstanding the fact that SEC. 202. Title VIII of the United States such travel or transportation may not be Information and Educational Exchange Act completed until the following fiscal year." of 1948 (22 U.S.C. 1471) is amended by adder LIMITATION UPON PRIOR AUTHORIZATION tional arms transfer, including potentialities for international agreements, step-by-step approaches on particular weapons systems, and regional arms limitations; and (8) recommendations for future United States policy on conventional arms transfer. (b) The report required by subsection (a) shall be submitted to the Congress not later than one year after the date of the enactment of this Act, and an interim report shall be submitted to the Congress not later than six months after such date. TITLE IV-PEACE CORPS AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS ing at the end thereof the following new REQUIREMENT SEC. 401. (a) The first phrase of section sections: "BASIC 203. Section 701 of the United States 3(b) of the Peace Corps Act (22 U.S.C. the provisions of Information and Educational Exchange Act 2502 (b) ), ending with a colon, is amended to "SEC. 804. In carrying rying out AUTHORITY this Act, the Secretary, or any Government of 1948 (22 U.S.C. 1476) is amended by add- read as follows: "There are authorized to be agency authorized to administer such pro- ing at the end thereof the following new appropriated to the President for the fiscal sentence: "The provisions of this section year 1973 not to exceed $88,027,000 to carry visions may- shall not apply to, or affect in any manner, out the purposes of this Act:". civil may- -(l)', , andemploy,classificatio ification laws, regard to aliens the abroad d permanent appropriations, trust funds, and VOLUNTARY SERVICE PROGRAMS service other similar accounts administered by the SEC. 402. Paragraph (2) of subsection (b) forth e n sl the United States relating colloquial Secretary or such agency as authorized by of section 301 of the Peace Corps Act (22 speech se tran in slatti on foreign or languages s when suitable tlaw.,, U.S.C. 2501a), which relates to encourage- qualified United States citizens are not DISSEMINATION OF INFORMATION WITHIN ment of voluntary service programs, is amended by striking out "$300,000" and in- suhable (such aliens to accordance with pi investigated proce- for SEC. 204. The UNITED second STATES sentence of section serting in lieu thereof "$350,000", by striking dures such established b b employmenty the Secretary h or such 501 of the United States Information and out "1971", and by inserting, before the word he agency and the Attorney General), and such Educational Exchange Act of 1948 (22 U.S.C. -fiscal" the word "any". persons may be admitted to the United 1461) is amended to read as follows: "Any NATIONAL ADVISORY COUNCIL States, if otherwise qualified, as nonimmi- such information (other than "Problems SEC. 403. Section 12 of the Peace Corps Act grants under section 101 (a) (15) of the Im- of Communism" which may continue to be U.S.C. Sect is repealed, of the Peace the s Act migration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1101 sold by the Government Printing Office) shall (22 Corps National Advisory Council and thelPea e of - (a) (15)) for such time and under such con- not be disseminated within the United States, Corps N ninety days after the date b enaed, ditions and procedures as may be estab- its territories, or possessions, but, on re- eveff ent of this Act. lashed by the secretary and the Attorney quest, shall be available in the English Ian- General; guage at the Department of State, at all rea- TITLE V-GENERAL AND MISCEL- "(2) pay travel expenses of aliens employed sonable times following its release as in- LANEOUS PROVISIONS abroad for service in the United States and formation abroad, for examination only by CERTAIN ADDITIONAL AUTHORIZATIONS OF their dependents to and from the United representatives of United States press as- APPROPRIATIONS States; sociations, newspapers, magazines, radio SEC. 501. In addition to amounts author- 1(3) incur expenses for entertainment systems, and stations, and by research stu- ized by sections 101 (a) and (b) and 201 of within the United States within such dents and scholars, and, on request, shall this Act, there are authorized to be ap- amounts as may be provided in appropria- be made available for examination only to propriated for the Department of State and tions Acts; Members of Congress." the United States Information Agency for "(4) obtain insurance on official motor ve- TITLE III-UNITED STATES ARMS CON- fiscal year 1973 such additional or supple- hicles operated by the Secretary or such TROL AND DISARMAMENT AGENCY mental amounts as may be necessary for agency- in foreign countries, and pay the expenses incident thereto; AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS increases in salary, pay, retirement, or other "(5) notwithstanding the provisions of SEC. 301. The second sentence of section employee benefits authorized by law, or other nondiscretlonary costs. section 2680(k) of title 28, United States 49(a) of the Arms Control and Disarmament CONGRESS VIEWS To Code, pay tort claims in the manner author- Act (22 U.S.C. 2589 (a)) is amended by insert- EXPRESSION OF ized in the first paragraph of section 2672 ing immediately after "$17,500,000,", the fol- SEC. 502, Upon the request of a committee o of the request of such title, when such claims arise in for- lowing: ", and for the two fiscal years 1973 S s, a joint a commit- tions eign countries in connection with opera- and 1974, the sum of $22,000,000". of EC. 5 , of a mess, a of such mit- CongSecs tions conducted abroad under this Act; REPORT TO CONGRESS tee either "(6) employ aliens by contract for services SEC. 302. (a) The United States Arms Con- mittee, any officer appointed by the Presi- abroad; trod and Disarmament Agency, with the co- dent, by and with the advice and consent of "(7) provide ice and drinking water operation and assistance of other relevant the Senate, to a position in the Department abroad; Government agencies including the Depart- of State, the United States Information "(8) pay excise taxes on negotiable in- ment of State and the Department of De- Agency, the Agency for International Devel- struments abroad; fence, shall prepare and submit to the Con- opment, the United States Arms Control and a the actual expenses of prepar- Disarmament Agency, or any other depart- ing a p y tress a comprehensive report on the intern- ment, agency, or independent establishment ing and transporting nstheir former homes States es tional transfer of conventional arms based of the United States Government primarily the remains ns o of persons, erson, not United upon existing and new work in this area. The concerned with matters relating to foreign Government employees, who may die away report shall include (but not be limited to) countries or multilateral organizations, may from their homes while participating in ac- the following subjects: tivities conducted under this Act; (1) the quantity and nature of the inter- express his views and opinions, and make (10 "(10) rent or lease, for periods not ex- national transfer of conventional arms, In- recommendations he considers appropriate, if ceedin five ears, offices, buildings, grounds, the request of the, committee or member of g y eluding the identification of the major sup- the committee relates to a subject which is and living quarters abroad for employees recipient the major exporters of within the jurisdiction of that committee. carrying out this Act, and make payments plying (2) the and policies recipient countries; therefor in advance; conventional arms toward transfer, including INTERNATIONAL NARCOTICS CONTROL "(11) maintain, improve, and repair prop- the terms on which conventional arms are SEC. 503. Chapter 8 of part I of the For- erties used for information activities in for- made available for transfer, whether by eign Assistance Act of 1961, relating to inter- eign countries; credit, grant, or cash-and-carry basis; national narcotics control, is amended by "(12) furnish fuel and utilities for Gov- (3) the effects of conventional arms trans- striking out section 481 and inserting in lieu ernment-owned or leased property abroad; fer on international stability and regional thereof the following new sections: and balances of power; "SEC. 481. INTERNATIONAL NARCOTICS CON- "(13) pay travel expenses of employees at- (4) the impact of conventional arms TROL.-It is the sense of the Congress that tending official international conferences, transfer on the economies of supplying and effective international cooperation is neces- without regard to sections 5701-5708 of title recipient countries; sary to put an end to the illicit production, 5, United States Code, and regulations is- (5) the history of any negotiations on con- smuggling, trafficking in, and abuse of dan- sued thereunder, but at rates not in excess ventional arms transfer, including past poli- gerous drugs. in order to promote such co- of comparable allowances approved for such cies adopted by the United States and other operation, the President is authorized to Con- conferences by the Secretary. suppliers of conventional arms; elude agreements with other countries to "TRAVEL EXPENSES (6) the major obstacles to negotiations on facilitate control of the productbotu, proc- conventional arms transfer; essing, transportation, and distribution of "SEC. 8a5. fiscal Appropriated funds made avail- able for any fiscal year r to the Secretary or (7) the possibilities for limiting conven- narcotic analgesics, including opium and its Approved For Release 2005/01/05 : CIA-RDP74B00415R000600110023-5 tropics, and other controlled Vsubstances as defined in the Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act of 1970. Not- withstanding any other provision of law, the President is authorized to furnish assistance to any country or International organization, on such terms and conditions as he may de- termine, for the control of the production of, processing of, smuggling of, and traffic in, narcotic and psychotropic drugs. The Presi- dent shall suspend economic and military assistance furnished under this or any other Act; and shall suspend sales under the For- eign Military Sales Act and under title I of the Agricultural Trade Development and As- sistance Act of 1954, with respect to any country when the President determines that the government of such country has failed to take adequate steps to prevent narcotic drugs and other controlled substances (as defined by the Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act of 1970) pro- duced or processed, in whole or in part, in such country, or transported through such country, from being sold illegally within the jurisdiction of such country to United States Government personnel or their de- pendents, or from entering the United States unlawfully. Such suspension shall continue until the President determines that the gov- ernment of such country has taken adequate steps to carry out the purposes of this chapter, "SEC. 482. AUTHORIZATION,_.--TO carry out the purposes of section 481, there are au- thorized to be appropriated to the President $42,500,000 for the fiscal year 1973, which amount is authorized to remain available until expended." TITLE VI-STUDY COMMISSION RELAT- ING TO FOREIGN POLICY FINDINGS AND PURPOSL= SEc. 601. It is the purpose of this title to establish a study commission which will submit findings and rccommendatio is to pro- vide a more effective system for the formula- tion and implementation of the Nation's for- eign policy. COMMISSION ON THE ORGANIZATION OF THE GOVERNMENT FOR THE CONDUCT OF FOREIGN POLICY burled for travel, subsistence, and other necessary expenses incurred by them in the performance of their duties. DUTIES OF TTIE COMMISSION SEC. 603. (a) The Commission shall study and investigate the organization, methods of operation, and powers of all departments, agencies, independent establishments, and instrumentalities of the United States Gov- ernment participating in the formulation and implementation of United States foreign policy and shall make recommendations which the Commission considers appropriate to provide improved governmental processes and programs in the formulation and im- plementation of such policy, including, but not limited to, recommendations with re- spect to- (1) the reorganization of the departments, agencies, independent establishments, and instrumentalities of the executive branch participating in foreign policy matters (2) more effective arrangements between the executive branch and Congress, which will better enable each to carry out its con- stitutional responsibilities; (3) improved procedures among depart- ments, agencies, independen establishments. and Instrumentalities of the United States Government to provide Improved coordina- tion and control with respect to the conduct of foreign policy; (4) the abolition of services, activities, and functions not necessary to the efficient conduct of foreign policy; and (5) other measures to promote peace, econ- omy, efficiency, and improved administra- tion of foreign policy. (b) The Commission shall submit a com- prehensive report to the President and Con- gress, not later than June 30, 1974, contain- ing the findings and recommendations of the Commission with respect to its study and in- vestigation. Such recommendations may in- clude proposed constitutional amendments, legislation, and administrative actions the Commission considers appropriate in carry- ing out its duties. The Commission shall cease to exist on the thirtieth day after the date on which it files the comprehensive re- port under this subsection. SEC. 602. (a) To carry Out the purpose of - 'WERE OF THE COMMISSION section 601 of this Act, there Is established a t SEC. 604. (a) The Commission or, on the commission on the organization of the Gov- authorization of the Commission, any sub- ernment for the Conduct of Foreign Policy committee or member thereof, may, for the (hereafter referred to in this title as the purpose of carrying out the provisions of "Commission") . this title, hold such hearings and sit and act (b) The Commission shall be composed of at such times and places, administer such the following twelve members: oaths, and require, by subpena or other- (1) four members appointed by the Presi- wise, the attendance and testimony of such` dent, two from the executive branch of the witnesses and the production of such books, Government and two from private life; records, correspondence, memorandums, pa- (2) four members appointed by the Presi- pers, and documents as the Commission or dent of the Senate, two from the Senate (one such subcommittee or member may deem from each of the two major political parties) advisable. Subpenas may be issued under and two from private life; and the signature of the Chairman of the Com- deli na of (the oHousenofe Reprontatives, two p from designated of many ember,hand bcommie, or may be served aby the House of Representatives (one from each any person designated by such Chairman or of the two major political parties) and two member. The provisions of sections 102 from private life. ` through 104 of th R i ev sed Statutes of the (c) The Commission shall elect a Chairman United States (2 U. The differences between the text of the S.C. 192-194) shall apply House bill, the Senate amendment, thereto, and a Vice Chairman from among its mem- in the case of any failure of any witness to and the substitute agreed to in conference bers. comply with any subpena or to testify when (d) Seven members of the Commission summoned under authority of this section, e arc noted brmin except for cl made n cesrary shall constitute a quorum. Any vacancy in (b) The Commission is authorized to se- by r,eason conof agree ents e made necessary the Commission shall not affect its powers, cure directly from any executive department,, ferees, reason minor drafting reached by the yin- con- but `shall be filled in the same manner in bureau, agency, board, commission, office, in- changesand minor draand clarifying which the original appointment was made. dependent establishment, or instrumentality (e) Each member of the Commission who information, suggestions, estimates, and sta- AUTHORIZATION OF ASSISTANCE TO REFUGEL?'S is not otherwise employed by the United tistics for the purposes of this title. Each FROM THx: SOVIET UNION States Government shall receive $145 a day such department, bureau, agency, board, The Senate amendment authorized the ap- (including traveltime) during which he is commission, office, establishment, or Instru- propriatio;z of $8,212,000 fdr migration and engaged in the actual performance of his mentality is authorized and -4ireeted to the refugee assistance and the appropriation of duties as a member of the Commission. A extent authorized b law, to furnish such $85.000,000 for assistance to Israel and other member of the Commission who is an officer in. III Eff ons. estimates, and sta- suitable countries Ifor the resettlement of or employee of the United States Government tistics directly to the Commission, upon re- Jewish or other similar refugees from the shall serve without additional compensation. quest made by the Chairman or Vice Chair- Soviet Union. All members of the Commission shall be ream- man The House bill authorized $93,212,000 for STAFF OF THE COMMISSION SEC. 605. ta)' The Commission shall have power to appoint and fix the compensatiop of such personnel as it deems advisable, with- out regard to the provisions of title 5, United States Code, governing appointments in the competitive service, and without regard to the provisions of chapter 51 and subchapter III of chapter 53 of such title relenting to classification and General Schedule pay rates. (b) The Commission is a.nthorized to pro- cure the service?; of experts and consultants in accordance with section 3109 of title 5, United States Cgde, but at rates not to exceed the daily rate !paid it person occupying a position at, GS-l)3. P,XPE "ISE'; OF THE COMMISSION SEC. 606. There are authorized to be appro- priated such sums as may be necessary to carry out: the provisions of this title. And the Senate agree to the same. That the House recede from its dis- agreement to the amendment of the Sen- ate to the title of the House bill and agree to the same. THOMAS E. MORGAN, CLEMEr!IT J. ZABLOCKI, WAYNE' L. HAYS, L. H. FOUNTAIN, DANTE iB. FASCELL, WILLIAM S. MAII.LIARD, PETER 9. B. FRELINGHITYSEN, WILLIAM S. BROOMFIELD, lfanagerS on the Part of the House. J. W. FIILBRIGHT, JOHN SPARKMAN, WILLIAI1I B. SPONG, Jr., FRANK CHURCH, GEORGE D. AIK EN, Jlanagers.on the Part of the Senate. JOINT EXPLANATORY SCATFMENT OF THE COMMIIrTiiE OF CONFERENCE The managers on the part of the House and the Senate at the conference on the disagree- ing votes of the two Houses on the amend- ments of the Senate to the bill (H.R. 14734) to authorize appropriations for the Depart- ment of State and for the United States In- formation Agency, submit the following joint statement to the, House and the Senate in explanation of the effect of the action agreed upon by the managers and recommended in the accompanying, conference report: The Senate amendments struck out all of the House bill after the enacting clause and inserted a substitute text and provided a new title for the House bill. and the House dis- agreed to the Senate amendments. The committee of conference recommends that the House recede from its disagreement to the amendment of the Senate to the text of the House bill, with an amendment which is a substitute for both the text of the House bill and the Senate amendment to the text. of the House bill. -The committee of confer- ence also recommends that the House recede from its disagreement to the amendment or Approved For Release 2005/01/05 : CIA-RDP74B00415R000600110023-5 June 15, 197 pproved For CONGRESSIONAL RECORD 74 HOUSE 000600110023-5 migration and refugee assistance, of which tary of State, and Under Secretary for Eco- 185,000,000 was intended for Israel. nomic Affairs for the Deputy Under Secre- The House receded. tary and to add a twelfth Assistant Secretary AVAILABILITY OF FUNDS of State. The Senate amendment contained separate The House bill contained no comparable provisions authorizing the appropriations g ppropriations The House receded with an amendment for the Department of State to remain avail- eliminating the twelfth Assistant Secretary able until expended, and for the United S tate year limitation, with the exception of the RETIREMENT ANNUITIES FOR CERTAIN ALIENS-- The House receded. amounts appropriated for USIA salaries and a en -RTneiId-ed- Title-T, DOMESTIC DISSEMINATION expenses. United States Code, to authorize civil service USIA visions in a single section. The House receded. LIMITATION UPON PRIOR AUTHORIZATION REQUIREMENT The Senate amendment contained two separate sections, applying to the Depart- ment of State and the United States In- formation Agency respectively, to assure that permanent appropriations under which pay- ments are made directly from trust funds and other similar accounts in accordance with existing statutory authority are ex- cluded from the application of section 407 of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1971. The House bill contained one section applying to both agencies. The House receded. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATION FOR GRIEVANCE BOARD The Senate amendment contained an open-ended authorization for appropriations for salaries and expenses of a grievance board as envisioned in the section of the Senate amendment dealing with Foreign Service grievances. The House bill did not contain a compara- ble provision. The Senate receded. DEPUTY SECRETARY, UNDER SECRETARY FOR ECONOMIC AFFAIRS The Senate amendment established the positions of Deputy Secretary of State and Under Secretary of State for Economic Af- fairs, abolished one position of Deputy Un- der Secretary of State, and raised the num- ber of Assistant Secretaries of State from 11 to 12. The House bill contained no comparable provision. The House receded with an amendment eliminating the increase in the numbers of Assistant Secretaries of State. BUREAU OF NORTH AMERICAN AFFAIRS AND BUR- EAU OF SOUTH AMERICAN AFFAIRS The Senate amendment established a Bureau of North American Affairs and a Bureau of South American Affairs, each to be headed by an Assistant Secretary of State. The House bill contained no,.,comparable provision. The Senate receded. TRANSFER OF DUTIES OF THE UNDER SECRETARY OF STATE TQ THE DEPUTY SECRETARY OF STATE The Senate. amendment transferred the duties of the Under Secretary. of State to the Deputy Secretary of State. , The House bill contained no comparable provision. The House receded. EFFECTIVE DATE OF IMPLEMENTATION, JULY 1, 1972 The Senate amendment set July 1, 1972 as the effective date of the provision establish- ing the positions of Deputy Secretary of State and Under Secretary of State for Economic Affairs. The. House bill contained no comparable provision. The House receded. EXECUTIVE SCHEDULE PAY RATES The Senate amendment amended the Ex- ecutive Schedule pay rates to substitute Deputy Secretary of State for Under Secre- OF INFORMATION BY /' retirement credit for certain alien employees The Senate amendment amended section of the United States abroad who work for 501 of the United States Information and a protecting power (foreign government) on Educational Exchange Act of 1948, to prohib- United, States interests during an interrup- it dissemination domestically of any infor- tion of diplomatic or consular relations. mation product of the U.S. Information The House bill did not contain a com- Agency other than the publication, "Problems parable provision. of Communism." The House receded. The House bill did not contain a conipa- CIVILIAN EMPLOYEES' CLAIMS rable provision. .The Senate amendment amended the Mili- The House receded after the Senate pro- tary Personnel and Civilian Employees' vision was amended in two instances: first, Claims Act of 1964 to (1) increase authority to permit research students and scholars to for settlement of claims from $6,500 to $10,000 examine USIA Information products in for personnel of designated foreign affairs Washington; and, second, to clarify further agencies other than the Department , of De- that USIA materials are to be made avail- fense, the military departments and Coast able to Members of Cpi Tess for exaln_inetion Guard, for personal property losses incident only and not for dissemination. to service, and (2) permit reconsideration, ACDA REPORT TO CONGRESS heretofore settled and paid in the amount of $6,500 solely because that was the maximum amount authorized under existing law. The House bill did not contain a com- parable provision. The_Iouse receded. RETIREMENT OF CAREER MINISTERS The Senate amendment amended the Por- ing Service Act of 1946, as amended, to lower the mandatory retirement age for career min- isters from age 65 to age 60. The House bill did not contain a com- parable provision. The Senate receded. RECOMMENDATIONS FOR PROMOTIONS The Senate amendment amended the For- eign Service Act of 1946, as amended, to (1) require promotion of Foreign Service officers by rank order within class or rank order by specialty within class and (2) authorize the Secretary of State to recommend promotion as a remedy for grievances. - The House bill did not contain a com- parable provision. They Senate receded. 4_-FOREIGN SERVICE GRIEVANCES The Senate amendment contained an amendment to the Foreign Service Act of 1946, as amended, that included detailed provisions relating to the handling of griev- ances by Foreign Service personnel. The House bill did not contain a compara- ble provision. The Senate recded. H 5717 provided basic authority for USIA to support items traditionally included in annual Agency appropriation acts. The language in the Senate version was identical with the language regularly included in such appro- priations acts and does not constitute any new authority. - The Senate amendment contained a re- quirement that the Arms Control and Dis- armament Agency with the assistance of other relevant Government agencies shall prepare and submit to Congress a compre- hensive report on the international transfer of conventional arms based upon existing and new work in this area. It specified some of the items that should be included in the report. The House bill did not contain a compa- rable provision. The House receded. PEACE CORPS NATIONAL ADVISORY COUNCIL The House bill contained an amendment that abolished the Peace Corps National Ad. visory Council subject to the creation of a National Advisory Council for ACTION of which the Peace Corps is now a part. The Senate amendment provided for the abolition of the Peace Corps National Ad- visory Council ninety days after the date of enactment of this legislation. The House receded. CERTAIN ADDITIONAL AUTHORIZATIONS OF APPROPRIATIONS The Senate amendment included author- izations of appropriations for the Department of State and USIA for fiscal year 1973 for pro- grams or activities authorized by law sub- sequent to the date of enactment of the au- thorization act for these two agencies. The House bill did not contain a compa- rable provision. The Senate receded. :. &MBASSADORS AND MINISTERS ??"`?"^""" "? ??"'~w sauna, V .Wb TO CONGRESS The Senate amendment contained a pro- The Senate amendment included language vision that no person shall be designated as to permit a presidential appointee in any of ambassador or minister or designated to serve vies and d opinions, foreign affairspinions, and agencies make to express a- in t in any position or use any title which in- Lions considers r recommenda- eludes either of those words unless he is ap- a committee e of either her House, bon appropriate, upon request as an ambassador or minister with mittee, of a joint com- pointed Senate confirmation or in accordance with or any member of such committee if if the constitutional provisions relating to re- the request of the committee or mambprS of tees appointments. a committee relates to a subject within the The House bill did not contain a compara- ~?n of tlxwrtt etSIYIInI Con a j ble provision. 'TFe house brill did eat contain a compa- The House receded with an amendment rable provision. that permits the President to confer the per- The House receded. sonal rank of ambassador or minister in con- DEPARTMENT OF STATE PERSONNEL CEILING nection with special missions for the Presi- The Senate amendment restricted the total dent of an essentially limited and temporary number of American employees of the De- nature not to exceed six months. partment of State overseas to 6,000 after BASIC AUTHORITIES FOR UNITED STATES April 1, 1972. INFORMATION AGENCY The House bill did not contain a compa- The Senate amendment included a section able provision. that is, in effect, a "point or order bill". It The Senate receded, - -' Approved For Release 2005/01/05 : CIA-RDP741300415R000600110023-5 H 5718 Approved For Release 2005/01/05 : CIA-RDP74B00415R000600110023-5 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 1 une 115, 197J1 UNITED NATIONS HEADQUARTERS CONSTRUCTION The Senate amendment contained a pro- vision reaffirming the authorization by the Congress (P.L. 91-622) of providing $20,000,- 000 to the United Nations through the Secre- tary of State as a contribution to the cost of expanding the U.N. Headquarters in New York The House bill contained no comparable provision. The Senate receded. USE OF FOREIGN CURRENCIES The Senate amendment contained a sec- tion modifying the restrictions on the use of foreign currencies in connection with travel by members of Congress. The House bill contained no comparable provision. ,,The Senate receded. INTERNATIONAL NARCOTICS CONTROL The Senate amendment substituted new provisions in lieu of section 461 of the For- eign Assistance Act of 1961, as amended, au- thorizing an appropriation of $42,600,000 for fiscal year 1973 for international narcotics control. The House bill contained no comparable provision. The House receded. STUDY COMMISSION RELATING TO FOREIGN POLICY The Senate amendment contained a title relating to the establishment of a study com- missionto submit findings and recommends- tions on the formulation and implementation of American foreign policy, with membership from the Congress and the Executive Branch. The House bill contained no comparable provision. Th Hnuse receded with an amendment. TITLC The Senate amendment provided that the Act may be cited as the "Foreign Relations Authorization Act of 1972." The House bill provided that the Act may be cited as the "Department of State and United States Information Agency Appropri- ations Authorization Act of 1972." The House receded. THOMAS E. MORGAN, CLEMENT J. ZARLOCKI, WAYNE L. HAYS, L. H. FOUNTAIN, DANTE B. FASCELL, WILLIAM S. MAILLIARD, PETER H. B. FRELINGIIUYSE:N, WILLIAM S. BROOMFIELD, Managers on the Part of the House. J. W. PULBRIGHT, JOHN SPARKMAN, WILLIAM B. SPONG, Jr., FRANK CHURCH, GEORGE D. AIKEN, Managers on the Part of the Senate. PERMISSION FOR COMMITTEE ON GOVERNMENT OPERATIONS TO FILE REPORT ON U.S. ECONOMIC ASSISTANCE FOR THE KHMER REPUBLIC (CAMBODIA) UNTIL MIDNIGHT TOMORROW Mr. MOORHEAD. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent that the Committee on Government Operations may have un- til midnight tomorrow night to file a report entitled "U.S. Economic Assist- ance for the Khmer Republic-Cam- bodia." The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the request of the gentleman from Pennsylvania? There was no objection. PROGRAM FOR WEEK OF JUNE 13 (Mr. FREY asked and was given per- mission to address the House for 1 min- ute.) Mr. FREY. Mr. Speaker, I take this time to ask the distinguished majority leader if he can inform us as to the schedule for next week. Mr. BOGGS. Mr. Speaker, will the gen- tleman yield? Mr. FREY. I yield to the majority leader. Mr. BOGGS. Mr. Speaker, in reply to the distinguished gentleman from Flor- ida, we have concluded the program for this week and I will ask unanimous con- sent to go over to Monday. Monday is Consent Calendar Day. That will be followed by four suspen- sions: First. H.R. 13694, American Revolution Bicentennial Commission; Second. Senate Joint Resolution 211, National Commission on Consumer Fi- nance; Third. H.R. 15439, Compensation for Disabled Veterans; and Fourth. S. 3343, Housing for Disabled Veterans. For Tuesday there is the Private Cal- endar, to be followed by general debate only on the Public Works-AEC appro- priation bill and general debate only on the Treasury-Postal Service appropria- tion bill. On Wednesday and the balance of the week there is scheduled for consideration the State and Local Fiscal Assistance Act, commonly called the revenue-sharing bill, under a closed rule with 8 hours of debate; and the conclusion of con- sideration of the two appropriation bills which I have just mentioned, Public Works-AEC and Treasury-Postal Serv- ice: followed by consideration of the cyclamates ban compensation bill, which is subject to a rule being granted. Of course, conference reports may be brought up at any time, and any further program will be announced later. It is entirely probable that on Friday next the House will be in session. I might say that we have an exceedingly heavy schedule for the following week. Under the plan previously announced, the House will recess for the Democratic convention at the close of business on Friday, June 30, so it is highly likely we will have business an Friday next and on the succeeding Friday. Mr. FREY. I thank the distinguished majority leader. Mr. GROSS. Mr. Speaker, will the gentleman yield? Mr. FREY. I am delighted to yield to the gentleman from Iowa. Mr. GROSS. As to what appropriation bill did the chairman of the Appropria- tions Committee ask permission for con- sideration on Monday or Tuesday? Mr. BOGGS. On Tuesday. Mr. GROSS. Tuesday. That would be the Treasury and Postal Service bill? Mr. BOGGS. The gentleman asked to call up two, the Public Works-AEC bill and the Treasury-Postal Service bill, for general debate only. Mr. GROSS. On both bills or one? Mr. BOGGS. Both bills. Mr. GROSS. May I ask the gentleman. when would it be,planned to return to , these bills, in view of the schedule there- after? Mr. BOGGS. Following the conclusion of the revenue-sharing bill. Mr. GROSS. Conclusion of the rev- enue-sharing bill? Mr. BOGGS. The revenue-sharing bill is the first order of business on Wednes- day. If the rule is adopted, the debate cannot exceed 8 hours. So if all the de- bate is consumed, we will finish the rev- enue-sharing bill on Thursday. Mi-. GROSS. Then we will go back to the two appropriation bills, after the revenue-sharing bill? Mr. BOGGS. That is correct. Mr. GROSS. Is the debt-ceiling bill ready to be coflsidered by the House? Mr. BOGGS. I The debt-ceiling bill is tentatively scheduled for Tuesday, June 27. Mr. GROSS. I was in hope that would be called u.p tomorrow or Saturday, in view of the $100 billion bill we just passed. I would I, think it would be urgent that the debt ceiling be increased in view of that kind of. wild-eyed spending. Mr. BOGGS. Well, the debt ceiling will be increased, as the gentleman knows. ADJOURNMENT OVER TO MONDAY, JUNE 19. 1972 Mr. BOGGS. Mr. Speaker, I ask unani- mous consent that when the House ad- journs today it adjourn to meet on Mon- day next. The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the request of the gentleman from Loui- siana? There was no objection. DISPENSING WITH CALENDAR WED- NESDAY BUSINESS ON WEDNES- DAY NEXT Mr. BOGGS.'Mr. Speaker, I ask unani- mous consent that the business sched- uled for Calendar Wednesday on Wed- nesday next be dispensed with. The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the request of the gentleman from Louisi- ana? There was no objection. TO SECURE HUMANE TREATMENT FOR OUR POW'S AND MIA'S (Mr. DELL4NBACK asked and was given permission to address the House for 1 minute and to revise and extend his remarks.) Mr. DELLEr BACK. Mr. Speaker, ac- cording to the !latest Department of De- fense figures, 1;737 U.S. military person- nel and civilians are reported captured or missing in action in Southeast Asia; 65 of these men are from my own State of Oregon. The parents, wives, and chil- dren of a majority of these men have no idea whether or not they are even alive. And those who do know, must still live in daily anxiety for the health and well- being of their loved one. I am quite certain that everyone in this body would like to see the conclusion of the Vietnam war and the safe return of our prisoners to their families. It is Approved For Release 2005/01/05 : CIA-RDP74B00415R000600110023-5 -vsr4 THE WAhh e r 91se 2005/01/05. CIAeRgi4BFAMg 0110(piaE ?1 Billion Voted for State, USIA nc '' pencer Ric The Senate, by a 76-to-i vote, passed 'a $1 billion au-, thorization bill for the Stale Department and USIA yester- day, after first voting 40 to 36. to allow continued ~TTh. chrome imports from Rhode-. sia despite a U.N.-embargo. Before passing the bill,. which now goes to conference. with the House, fhe Senate set aside the end-the-war issue for consideration in the foreign. military assistance bill, which is eitgected to reach the floor later this month. ' caries of tiro-forma group `of Vietnam fund-cl tq t aads. _ _ ld uiring._ withdrawal of all am een ei n military aid bill by t_ foreign _ relations contiW e. a_ns ie as eci ess nwdown w en that bi11 Mathias Jr. (R-Md.) was ab- sent. Byrd insisted that th i s e s ue coiftes up.' _" " -!was a defense matter, not a Tter the vote' on the foreign policy matter McGee . chrome issue, Sen. Gale W. retorted that the United McGee (D-Wyo.), usually an ad- States has so much chrome in ministration supporter on for- I he strategic stockpile that eign policy issues, blasted the wen after 1,.3 million tons are White House for failing to I?eleased into the market in ac- exert any real effort on behalf of the U.N. embargo. As a re- the Senate vote he said suit , , will permit imp or r f6"eol~`1iserve covering all needs for tinue ignoring ft. full three-year war. of the fund cutoff. i o ' i o is re si endorsement` to his proposal to restore U.S. compliance with the embargo, but had de- clihed to put any pressure on wavering GOP senators. He said he had told the White House Tuesday, "Somebody's As passed by the Senate, the State-USIA bill authorizes $64&354,000 for the State De- partment (this inlcudes $85 million, not sought by the de- partment for resettlement of , s Jewish $200,249,000 for the USIAS$22 million foorrgthe Ar n Control the Agency, Peace Corps and $42.5 million for international narcotics con- trol. f debate rm the week. g t e measure the Senate got to pick up the telephone and make some calls," and had given the names of six Repub- licans who would vote for the embargo if the White House asked him to. "That suggestion was) greeted with silence," he said. The United States began) participating in the embargo SF, A15, Col. fee in 1966 after the U.N. imposed economic sanctions against the breakaway British colony in an effort to force it to grant the nation's black majority a bigger voice in government. Last Year, Sen. Harry Flood Byrd (Ind.-Va.), arguing that Rhodesian chrome was needed for high-quality steel used in defense industries, pushed through Congress a proposal to permit imports despite the embargo. He said the United States was taking 60 per cent Russia. Yesterday, Byrd's floor Amendment killing McGee's proposal was adopted 40 to 36, with only 10 Republicans sup- porting McGee. J. Glenn Beall (R-Md.) and or- William B. Spong (D-Va.) ord with recent legislation, he stockpile still will contain har of key r e-__ the For- Thlpmze luded :fQr a - _ wr_cei in r dletect under round tests from the Defense e"pr'r.II'e." 0 i the Arms Control Agency, and a han nn prov Wg_q_ er oy- ,nme is with propaganda ~atarials. Left in, however, were a ban: on the use of USIA propa- ganda materials within the Uinted States, except for sale. of the scholarly magazine "Problems of Communism"; a new mandatory grievance sys- tem for State Department em- ployees; and_a proposal for a little Hoover Commission to Btu y oreign po icy agencies. Approved For Release 2005/01/05 : CIA-RDP74B00415R000600110023-5