Joint DIA/CIA Civil Defense Study

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP79B00972A000100610004-0
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 4
• Document Creation Date: December 9, 2016
• Document Release Date: July 30, 1998
• Sequence Number: 4
• Publication Date: March 13, 1969
• Content Type: STUDY

Approved For Release 2000108129: CIA-RDP79B00972ROD0100610004-0
Scope Note
This study will consider all available evidence on
Soviet civil defense. It will focus on the following
questions: 1) how much resources are the Soviets de-
voting to civil defense; 2) how feasible would it be to
evacuate large Soviet cities and provide evacuees ade-
quate fallout protection; 3) how effectively could So-
viet civil defense minimize casualties in the event of
nuclear war. The study will be completed by 15 August
1969.
Terms of Reference
I. Summary (CIA and DIA)
II. Soviet Civil Defense Philosophy (CIA)
1. Scope: This will entail an attempt to define
the extent of the Soviet civil defense effort mainly
in terms of how training and other civil defense re-
sponsibilities affect the society.
2. Organization: This will involve a description
of the hierarchical structure of Soviet civil defense
within the Ministry of Defense, at the various politi-
cal subdivisions and the military districts. The re-
sponsibilities of the various ministries will be de-
fined, and the civil defense communications network
will be delineated. We hope to have NSA update an
earlier comprehensive study of the CD network.
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3. Resource Commitment
We will attempt to
estimate how much the Soviets are spending for civil
defense by quantifying as much of the program as
possible, e.g., the staff strength and breakdown
according to military rank; training in the school
system and industry; publications; civil defense
construction; equipment and maintenance costs of the
communications network.
4. Political-Sociological UsagesOof Civil Defense
Training A good case can be made that ideological
considerations account for some of the impetus behind
the civil defense program.
5. Soviet Civil Defense and ABM Defense
No evidence has come to light of any
conceptual or'practical relationship between the two
yslems in the USflIt. This section will mLa.i1 an
anal.ysi of ,;LaL.cuu)nt, on AIM by civil defense and
eLlicr m:il.itai:-y officials. We way include C111 exami-
nation of the criteria the Soviets use to assign
defense priorities to various cities.
III. Civil Defense Training (DIA)
1. Military Civil Defense Schools (DIA)
2. Staff School System (CIA): This will examine
the specialized training programs the Soviets run
for Party, government and managerial personnel, school
teachers, and civil defense unit commanders.
3. Population Training (DIA)
4. Training Effectiveness.(DIA)
IV. Urban Area Shelter and Fallout Shelter Factors
(CIA and DIA)
1. ' Urban Area Shelter Construction
Basically, this will
amount to estimating how much shelter was included
in new housing construction in the 1950's when the
practice was widespread. There is little evidence
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the Soviets continued this practice beyond 1958
because of development of more destructive warheads.
Subsequent emphasis on evacuation seems to confirm
this. This section will involve estimates of the
hardness of Soviet cities and of the capacities of
Soviet subways for blast and fallout shelter.
2. General Fallout Protection
This will involve an analysis of
Soviet construction designs and practices to deter-
mine amount of protection from radiation Soviet
basements. would provide.
3. Availability
We will examine the distribution of potential
fallout shelter in the USSR taking into consideration
the day and nighttime configuration of the population.
Construction Branch has already estimated the amount
.of structurally free basement space there is in the
USSR, but further study would be necessary to see
if distribution of population corresponds to
location of this potential space.
1. Study of Selected Cities;
4. BW/CW Protection Basement
shelters built during the 1950's were designed to
protect against these agents, but some of the
filter-ventilating equipment necessary for this
protection may not have installed. We have a few
that might provide the basis for
now many ventilating apparatuses
may have been produced. This portion will also re-
quire an estimate of the availability of gas masks
and protective clothing for civil defense personnel
as well as for general population.
V. Urban Area Evacuation Possibilities (CIA and DIA):
model tor population data): The military's require-
ments for additional vehicles in the area of each
target will have to be known inorder to estimate
the amount of residual transport that would be
available for evacuation purposes. Likely reloction
sites will have to be selected and studied to estimate
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their capacity for absorbing evacuees in sheltered
space. Such factors as prevailing winds at various
times of year will have to be considered in selection
of relocation sites. List of candidate cities for
case study is attached. It was drawn up with help
of SF/D.
2. Consiclerat'ions and Problems Relating to
h1iuut , ,roacl 1 vacua(ion i'ha.s will onLnil a
:ILilily Of pnHt evacua'Li.On OXhf?Y'7.e1lCO3, G.g. U.`i;ill
and London in ww 1:1; Hanoi '111d llaiplvjlvj,
of adequate forewarning and widespread radioactive-
contamination will be considered.
3. Visibil'ity'of Evacuat'ion
Will attempt to determine the evacuation indicators
that could be seen by satellite reconnaissance;
will also examine the possibility of covert evacuation.
VI. Ten LargestSoyiet Cities:in Terms' of Population
Moscow - 6.5 million
Leningrad - 3.7 million
Kharkov - 2.0 million
Kiyev - 2.0 million
L'vov - 1.6 million
Tashkent - 1.5 million
Perm - 1.4 million
Alma Ata - 1.4 million
Dnepropetrovsk - 1.4 million
Baku - 1.2 Million 25X1A9a
Distribution:
2 - D/0SR
2 - PA/SA 25X1A9a
OSR/PA/S/~;jm/x5255