PASSIVITY OF NICKEL ALLOYS WITH IRON AND CHROMIUM IN ALKALINE SOLUTIONS

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP82-00039R000200120017-9
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: R
• Document Page Count: 11
• Document Creation Date: January 4, 2017
• Sequence Number: 17
• Publication Date: September 18, 1952
• Content Type: REPORT

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Nickel Allo s with Iron anc~ Chromiu~a in
Passivit o~
Alkaline solutions
by
A. I, Krasiltshchikov
L, M, Volchkova
L, G. Antonova
Zhur Fiz Khim Vol XXV, No 12, pp 145"ll~9,
Russian Mo per, 1951
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high stabi1.ity niclfe~, operating as an anode in sufM
~ha ~
' onc~;n'~rated a1,ka~.i so~.u'~ions pern~i`~s its iso~.a'~ion from
fa.ci.ent~.y c
hnica~. meta~,s and ,its considerattan an the same 1eve~.
among a~har tec
ta~.s such as ~.atinum, In this connection appeared ~ `
w~.th noble me p
' 'serest to ascertain whether anodic stabi~.ity of nicl~eJ. in
o.~ ~n
a1ka~.i so~.~utions is retained by a.ts a1.~.oys with other meta~.s, pax
ta.cu~.ar~.y w~.th iron and chromium,
Numerous studies have been devoted to pxab~.ems pertaining
and its a11a s with chromium and nickel ~ 9).
to passa,va.ty of ~.ron Y
odic behavior of nickel in alkali. was 'the subpj ect matter of our
~n
revious publications. (10,
p
The resent a'er is devoted to the study of anodic beha-
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' of various allays oi' n.clcel wit~.t a.ron. and ch.romiur~ in alk.a~
vxar
' solutions. Tl~~e investi.gatian was conducted in a,l and ~,U
lane
N solutions of chemically pure patassiu~Y~ hyclxo,~ide at ~U degrees ~ .
;9
u~~in 'the method of rF.carding the polarization curves,
Centl.grade, w ~
rv ex~e the same as thosed used prev3.ously (lU, 1i
' Measurement methoda w
The anodes used in the invest;.ga'ti.an comprised, variaLts iron-~
.
lsel al;~o s . xn the graphs, anodic po-~
~ chrama.um~n~.cl~.e.~ and i.ron~na.c y
~ ~ mal h dro en electrode.
tentials are ga.ven ~,n campar. .son with ~ nor y g
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Stud~.e~ wane cand~~cted us:~n~ ~'a~tx ~1.1,a~?~ s~m~~.sx ~z~ tha:~~
ak~xam~,um content and d~~'~'QxJ.n~ ~.n n~ekn~. ce,ntent~ Campasit~.an
a~ ~~he matex~.a~s studied ~.s ~~v'en ~n ~'ab~.e ~'he xesu~.t~, abta~ned
sxe Shawn Ica ~~.~u~rcas a, rind 2, 'ram exam~.nat~.on a~ ~he?'e d~~awin~s
a.t can tae sr~en that anodes Exa~~., EYa~�3S; and ~KhN~6a d:lspl.a~' ana~
~.a ou? behr~~ri,ax, Tha pa~.ax~.zat~.an aur~,res rc~~'~.ect the pronounced
coa:~r~c~.at~.an bc~~rreun a~,1caJ.,i. ooncentx~tt;i~an and tha behava.o~^ a~ theue
t
anodes � w~1a.~.e a.n a a � N sa~.u,ta.an tha anodes rttpid~.y acquire pas
siv '~y, in a ~N so~.ut~.on they rc;ta~.n thea.r act7.va.ty up to a cer~-
ta:ln curt�en~ dens~,~y, ~'k~~'e~e sharp~.y~di.f~'e~yen`~a.a~od poi�~a.ans ap~
ear in the pa~.ar~.zat~.an curves � `the First car~~espond~s to the
p
races a~ diusol.u.tion ofi the meta,, the second to its pass i~ra.ty
p
sta e and the '~h~ixd re~'7.ccts eva~.utian a~' oac5~~~en, lamination
af' the CL1T"V~S shaves that the ~.imita.ng cui^rent ,dens~.ty a~' p~assa~e
of metal. i.nta so~utian �a,n ~N KOH dcac~^eases with inc~^easin~ niclce~.
content o~ the a~.:~oy (Tab~.e ~S~ .
F'a. uare E~.ectro~.y~te 0 � ~.N ~O~~I saturated, w~.th air, t ~ ~a de~
tee's Cent:i.~rs.de. nicl;:e~.; I:C, EYaW~,; x:[~:, EYa~-3S; ~V, EZ~-~3~; 1
V, EKhN.-ba; Vx, chromium; Vi:l'~ ste~a~.-~a, (be~.ow hoari~anta~. a~:~.s,
uPaten~ia~"} ~
3
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k
' th. airp t $ d
i F~.~~.re 2. E~.ectra~.yte ~N I~~H, saturated w.>.
tees Centx. rode. nicac.el; SI, EYa~~.; EYa.-3S; IV, E~-331;
~ ~
0� V]: chroma.urrt� VIA s`~ee~.-�~G�. (be~.aw hariLOnta~. axl.s
V, EI~hN 6 , , : ~
~~patentia~."~ I
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Curz~en~ dens ~.ty a~
Anodo matvr~a~ ~11s mopaet~t of bQCOm~.n~ r, ,
pas s ~,vQ ~,1~ ~N, NOH
A/cm2
' ' ~xa~�~. , ,
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EKhN~.60 ~
7,~~~,0
A ~ ~
d. M+~IJ
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13ehav~.ox of a ~~w331~ anode is somewhat dif
i erent, It
must be noted tka.at ~LT-�33~. is essent~.a~:~ ~ o~ ,
~ f chront;>.umwn iclcp~. a~.~oy
since i~;s a.ron can�~en.t dons not exceed 2 ercent
P However, a~._
though this a~.~.ay contains about 7rl crc ~ .
p ~,nt of na,ekeJ., at thc~ be~.
g~.nning of poxariza�~ion passage of metal. into
so~.ut~.an is observed,
in ord,ex~ to e~.ucidate the question as to
what component
is reuponsib~.e far the x.nstabi~.i.ty of the a~ �
~.ays, po~.ar~.zati.on
ctitr~res ware recorded for ordinary carbon steed. 20 and h
c rom.ium in
addi�tian to those far purr;: nic~ce~. and �~he a~. a
~s ,
In ~.ts behavior an anodic po~,ariLation it
d~.f fers sh~~rp~.y
from. the other ttnodes which were studied
Chram~,urn po~,arizat9.on
i
curves in O,i.N as wa~,~. as ~.n 5N sa~.uta.on extend a~.mast
vert].ca~.~.y, ~
with ~.itt~.e change of potential,, Diree t e.rad ~ ,
s ~ovexse progress~.ons
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of the curve almost cain~i~e comp~.~;tel, , Such
` Y a pragre~,sion of ~
i'+
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tlae curve indica�~es a very sma~.~. ol.arizat~.an
p of tie e~.ectrade:
chromium passes ~.nta so~.utian a~.most uantita
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h� ano~as w~.~h tkae axcap'L~,4n Q~
Q , ~.N a~,k~a.~,, ~
N s,~.~c.a~.~,, sGat~Qr~,n~ o~ ~t~ha ~utMwas
ahroma,u,rn axa ~ar~r s ,f,m~,~a;~ � xn a
, ~,n. o~ o~.ax~,~at:~on; this cl~axactar~.~QS
ob~a~'ed a~t tha bc~,;~~n ~ P
off' ~ha anodes unbar phase eQnd~.t~.ons ~ The
the d~.sa:~rn~.~.ar bahav~,ar ,
o s that none o~ ~~ha a~.a,oys, w~,th the ax~
lama d,xaw~.~n~ a~,eax~.y sh ;
~ ~ ates ~.n bakaav:~ar ghat o~ n~.cka~.
cepta,on o~ ~x~~a~~ a,ppxox.~m
gat a,n the case off' stev~.M20 ~ anode ovar.~
T~~ must a;~sp by naiad tl
s h~. her tk~an ~,n the case of a;11. ot~'~ax
vo~.ta~e o~ oxy~an evo~.u~t~on ~
meta~.s,
the e~~'ect o~ ~,ron and chram~.um in ~
~n v~.evr o~ the fact tha
b vara.o~,1s contents off' n .c~;G~,,
a tx~,p;~e a~.~.oy c~~n be cancea;Led y
t~1e ~~~`~Ct A~ var~
ex ed,~.ant to determ~.nc. s~;par. atE~.y
~,t appeared p
' n an a~.;lay on the utabi~.~.ty off'
~.ous amounts of nic~~e~. present
b tes~h~i,ng a,t in a].~.ays wa.th .ran.
t11e ~,att e y
a~.;lo s EN~-~ s ENw2~ y and EN~-l~~a were uaed a~ a~.
~.ran^~I1~.C~~B~. ~ >
' am asa.ta.on is g~.ven ~,n '~ab~E ~:~a:�
nodes. 'She~.r c p
' u ~.n iron~�n~.cke~. a~.J.oys arc shown ~.n the
Resu.~ts obta~.ned, s ~
Frain the pra~~"ess:~an a~' the a'; h~
campos~.te graphs of ~~.gu.xes 3 and. ;
k
3,
it can be seen tkaat ~.ron-�nic~Le~.
cures and the data off' Tab~.e ~ _ ~
rsivit r more reada.~.y ~n ~�~.N a~.ka~.i
anades a~.so acc~ua.re pa,~ 3 'h
a~.~ay '
. ~ ~'kae nature; off' 'the cL~rves and thea.r
so~ut~.on tk~an ~.n ~N so~.ution,
t r o~ tl~e var~,aus anodes a.n
mutual. pos~,ti,an.s a.nd~cate a s~,m~,~.ar~ ~
ane another and, wa.th n:icke~. ? Hovrever,
P,~.r~7 a~.ka~.~., wa.th respect to ~
u
' a~ the o~ ~ � ~ x,0�"3 amperes per ~
beginning w~.th a current den?~~. y
anodebecames unstable and underg,aes
=meter the EI~~-5 f i
square cent. ,
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cc~ntar~ a~' ~v~~A~;~on,
F~.~uara ~~s~~rQa~y~~, O,~.N }tQH ec~tuxr~t
i ed W~tk7 = ~0 ~p~.
gees gent~~rade ~ n~.elre~,; x~, ~xJ~�~,fa � ~~:c ~N�� f
V, a~;aa~�~~0~ (be~,aw hax~7onta~. ax,f, rr n
S, ~Otent~,~~, ~ '
~~.~ure fir .~~.eC'~r0~.yte ~N ~~Q~1 ~
, ~ aturated w~.~~},, aa.r. ~ = ~0 de~ I
gree,~ Cent~.gracle~ na,cke~; ENw E~� fix]: ~ �
V, stee~.~2Q,
'~ABL}~ ~V
Current dens ~t~r at the
Anode mater~.a1 mament off" becom~.n~ paw-
s~.~re a.n 5N 7tQH
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EN-~~
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~'he curves obta~,ned ~'or the na.c~;:e~-:_~o ' p
c ntaa.n~.n~ a~.~,oys in rx
aN Sa~.utxon present an s
ent~.r~.~,y different appearance� On ~'a~.~.o~v9.n k
- r ~ ; ~ the ~ra~res,5~.on of the curves obta' , .

� ' ~.ned ~'or the e~.ectrodew beg~.nn9.n
w'xth that of iron and up to that of n' ~ �
~.c~.e~., in ~'a.gure the hene~
~'~c~.a~. ef~'ert of na.cke~. in the a~.1~o s be o
~ y c mes c~.ear~,y apparent,
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Po~;ent~.a~ o~ th� ~N~~ anode, as this aar~ be jean fan ~'~,gu~e
sh~.:f'ts abrup~~,y ~owaxds the mop^e po~~~~va va~.uo~, and ~ha n~a~
luxe o~ ~Lhe ~~~.ax~,~~a~~,on curve ind~.cm~es a maze xhaad~.~y~a~~m~.nab~,e
~ass~.v~.ty ~n ~~rae c~aee a~' ~N~~ anode ;fin aom~aax~.son w~.th ghat a~'
~.xon, The ~N~~~ anode, as can bQ seen ~'xam the pra~ress~.an off'
r
the po~.ax~~.~at~.on cure, a~p~~o~~.mates :~a~r~,y c~.osc:~.y that a~' n~.cke~.,
even t~aau h ~'o~^ ouxxen~ dens:tt;~es up to ~ ~ ~Q"~ ampexes der
g
sc~uar~3 cent~.metex ~~~a~^e appaxen~~.y ~al~es p~,ace a d~.sso~.u.~~.an off'
t11c anode made
the meta., Most sima.~.ar to nir,~~e1 9.s, natlua~.~.y, a
off' EN-~1~6, beginning with a cup^ren~ dens~.~~r of ~,,0 , ~.Q~'~ ampexes I'~~
pex~ square centa.metor, the ~N~l~h acqux.x,,s pasaivity~ At high cuxW
rent densi'~ies a~.~. ~hx^ee anode; rPta~.n ~he~.x s~ab~.1.~~y ~.n 5N a~.�
ka~.i so~.uta.an,
The ana~.ogy in anodic behav9.az~ betweon a~.~Qy EN~~,~, and na.c~
key. ~.s canfixmed a~.s a by the ~aet that inc~.inat~.an ang~,es a~' the
part~.an o~ floe curve ca~~r. r-,spond~ng ~;a the process o~ oxygen ~.~.bera~~M
Sian on the ~N--~,fa anode appraxima'~e ve~yy c~.os~;~.y the inclination
i;
angles of the curve ~'or nicke3.. This ma~~es it necessary to assume {
that the mechanism of oxygen ~.iberatian on nic~ce~. and on an anode
1�
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made From FN-~,~ a.s ana~.agous,
4
C4NC~,US SDNS
'r'k
A study was made oi' iron~chromiumMnic~e~. a~.~,oy anodes
in O.~.N and ~N solutions a~' caustic potash at $d degrees Centa,-
a4
grade. On the basis off` the obtained data it has been e~tabi.ished
that iron~ehramium~nic~:e~. austenitic steels axe unstable at the
~a
~ a at $0 dQ tees Centi rode. The cause i`
anode ~.n concentrated. a~.k g g
~ ~
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~eb~,~,~,~~ ~ cl~xpm~um, w1~~,cY~ ~n a p~i~~s e~r~~a ~u~nt~~~~ fi3'
Q~ ~ha ~n~ ~ k
es ~ntQ ~Q~,ut~.ar~ vr~ ancad~c pa~ex~~~a~~Q~ ~n a~~a~~~e
~~,ve~,y pass
~c~~.u~~,ans
Chram~.um, whZek~ aauses ~k~a pass~.v~t~ a~ s~a~.n~,e~s
A~;~,da~~,ve mod~a, dxas~~.aa~.~.y dec~~~ar~ses t~ae;~x pass~v~~~
sfi,ae~.s ~n
;fin a~,ka~.~,es
A spud i~as made a~ ~.xa~a~n~cke~, steeds at the anada
3 ?
' Nand N sc~~.u~~aras o~ caus~,~.e patask~ at ~0 degrees Cent~.~
~.n O N ~
~xade~
x'he capab~.~.a.t;~~ of acquaa.xi.n~ pass ~.v'ity ;~n a1.1c.s,~,:Z.ne sa~.uM
's ~.m acted a~.sa to .~.ts a~.~ays w~,tka yron, An addit~.on a~'
~ 3.ans p
e~~cent na.ckeJ. ~a~.~.oy ~N~S} praducE~s a benef:lcia~ ef~'ect on
5p
" even '~hau h ~}aa,s a~.~.ay is nat eampl.Pte~~' stab~.e at high cux�~
axon ~
es ~.n a dzlute sa~.ut~.an. A~,~.a~s containing 25 and ~.6
rent density.
ent o~ nicked. approximate nic~:e~. by thc~~.r stabi~.itY ~.n al.kaw
pert
1~,ne sa~utions,
deceived ~'ar puU~.~.w
Moscow
cation ~u~y x.950
a,
' L~~'~,A~(J~ CI~'~D
V Aka.mav and G, B. K~.ark, D� a d~, Akademi~M,
Cx.
~5, 399, 19~~~
:i
G, N. K~.ar}ti and G, V. ,Ak~,mav. a~�nfe~s~~. t~
2.
a Korro ~i Me'~a1ov (Proceedings a~' the Second Conference an Car i
of Meta~.s 2 33 ~.91~3,
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