WHY AND HOW RED CHINA WAS DRAWN INTO KOREAN WAR ?

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP83-00423R000200820001-8
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 10
• Document Creation Date: December 23, 2016
• Document Release Date: July 15, 2013
• Sequence Number: 1
• Content Type: REPORT

Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release @ 50-Yr 2013/07/16: CIA-RDP83-00423R000200820001-8
BEST COPY
Available
6/17/98
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release @ 50-Yr 2013/07/16: CIA-RDP83-00423R000200820001-8
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release
FAR cASTERN CULTURAL
P. 0. BOX 1778 KOWL00
CABLE ADD "FAIRCO"
HONG KONG
@ 50-Yr 2013/07/16: CIA-RDP83-00423R000200826001-8
IS ma
leEd States
itie is, USC, Secs, 793 and 7
I which in any inkinor to an unauthorized p
y law.
oMaim;informationeffectIndthiniftlialthlfinn
? im
the moaning of the plematie
an:mission iniirdhIMPr
*by g,D4_,POW abOWIP "c
By
P. Wane
On Pulletin No. 3 50X1
irtr.icommojt,..
11114
Security In
NTIAL
'or;
eew Itith nufficiert date et hare, wo have reesor to believe the the eorear ioar
which broke out on June 2e, 19eC, was a teeealieertar experetoriet wee meted ey tee
Kremlir under the irresistihle urge of epeeueation and thaf tee eee-e-eal levol-erert of
Red Chlre? under tle guise (:f eoluneeers, into the war "as sr irprompte.
Around 1050, Joseph rtalir ear pleesed ard proud of thn Chire-e C.,zruniet succese
in the ealnland. It hed strergehened hie 'belief ir the cenquer of Acta. wee preoccup-
ied with the ?reeler) of hce to terry out eir fuedemeetel erirciple--t-ever suggerted by
0eorge kaleekom in leee erd was adoeted by tetelie and tee Pelithu-e of the T'olereevik
Party--of guiding the decision of the eaten:etc coueeeeee to help tee 13!..-1,Insr Conrvr-Trts
jr coreclidate their tceeliteeiar.rule atd hc te)101d,hie firm r1 ncr tlic new iant
setelliieb it W"B eeeerdee 1- PrPle ae a prilielarv wert rfeIle pe'eetively
accomeleeeod for the next-expanrieniet mcve,2 The Soviet "sior esc rc e'57 -"e'es
fundamental principle le ,ecalleg eith the eatellite ccunteeer the erre.-- eeecee. In
hnedlter the PAr Zest, there wa:.! oririsally no cILIIgc or nry ire"-Itte-. le eee
eentrereg the erenlee ir eNtrorrely enrcernee with the eneelepeeee of Corrueire ten the
tneeeere erees, end it etring herd to easter the work_neoi 1-ie pIe te rflr_e, /he
Minene Commurict cortrel,:orce of ofunar-r, in the Fer :nee he,nu-cieneehirese
treaty cf snc concluded, on Feh, 14; 1950 was en outreande-e dip1n3, of
mart ef this -fteasures
Poor rnortha atter the Centleeicn cfthe reaty of allierec, tee forae wPr sterted.
The IT.rtt Keeeer. Celememeniete end tlee lainere.cor=urirte wv,re tIrowe. 1,sto the war is
eueerrin. Ii 4?1"t, "th there "ev "toilette everteiee were not etrcrg 1st, end they )'ed
net ettaleed the eeneiticre-rto le in the .P_OeitiOn to eircehree teeir eleeior in the 'text
exeeesierect ter--er required by the iforeeatd resolver poltee. The Keerlie'e sueeer
alteration of lee fixre etraeeev and its orberhine or such eezereeue war were epperertle
eneouraged 1,7 +t'E fellOWIrZ nitut+464
The withdrawal of the Americer troops from the South lorca we* cemplated in April,
194e,
teen liehaeor? eewretary of the US Seste tepartrent made a etatereet in Januery 1950
that South Korea war at of tiS defence perljetir4 rOuth Korea we not Inclued in the
Point Four Prcgrar; reeortr on U3 pottwer eeretilizatior arid the dietereed eeelirr towards
war emcee the American people are the government furnished be +he teoviet emherey erd ie
agents, the attitude of lockrard-see teken by tbo 1j6 kovernmeet eurire: the Chirt!'co civil
war; te Fotiet exPOrts or Far East were of the opinion that the eireorieel rclption and
cemmercini irtereet hetweee Fouth Yorea and' the United r4.rter we7, rue, les- -4ro_ficft,mi
than thore hetween ChIrr 'rid to ,1.114tOd rtittes, and so the 2-rrrfoor rovern, zill not
pay a e^etly price to demoretratt Its cereern toward. toeth Korea; eeeeeeretee report on
the eccomplishments of eetting up' thehorth Korean army by tee ioviet Kelitery e:leseor
. .
in North Koren) in order to accomplish the right-wing arrAngesterit for lee nrcielenere of
Japan, Uarehel) Valintovsky, the supreme coriMender of the Rurelar troops 1, eer east,
had made recommendation and given encouregiMent to iererltr.
The conbinetion of all there constituted an illusion on !nd7rt. He
strongly believed that United States would not interfere direetly i- the next .ker Lentern
war,, Undor the pryeheloeical effect of no bothering, he Icldle etertee teis eepanstonirt
war under the cloak of a civil werv
At the orert, %rib Korea's ecti-mted =ill-Lary strength coreisted of sere 1-0,000
regular troops, about '5,000 of Korean troore under maeor perrree Lee -11ni,,kArbp ors-
ally attechee te Chireee Commueltet Army, and al-out 900e of yrung local militia totaling
apiroxemetely e149e00 rer equippee rift lee Yak pierce, 170 ee-tori rerlium te-e01 2r
10-tor light taeke and lr erershipe of medium and email ',tan. ThOr r,-sr.vo (irCudire
those uneer training) tees est"re+ed at aboufeZ:etreeTTeo*p wtienet- jie excess of
420,000 mon. (Among them, save major eenerallIWIWilrgeleeeneeeee'LMACSexperienee
Only is scui Ie r interest of
your analysts. lt does not v5oxit dissemi-
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release @ 50-Yr 2013/07/16: CIA-RDP83-00423R000200820001-8
eeeorce-
Declassified in Part: Sanitized Copy Approved for Release @ 50-Yr 2013/07/16: CIA-RDP83-00423R000200820001-8
C A , F::,rs CULTURAL SERVICE
0. acrA .778 KOWLOON
CABLE 1-DO "FAIRCO ?
1-1,71`,G KONG
emitted in the ehineee civil err, the reet erre ;tele , ee by 'Ole Rureienri Ir
comperieon with one 120,0e0 South Korere trocps as ter object of etteck, they held 19-t
overwhelming rupremecy. A force of ruse superior eeuipment and etrereer comlont etrergth
other than the South eorear troopt was cp-erently not inclodfd in teetr poesiele
ealeuletion. The ruddeh comebeck of the American troops to perticipetf in the ,Weree of
Korea was entirely out Of expectetier to the comeunlete.
In the aiddle of September 1050, the Korean core-runlet meir force weir eerehed nrd
sae forced to bid a general retreat towerd the eteth Parellel. The Lorene cemmunist troeer
then eurtaited eseualtiee rf about lee,Pee arid were taker privonere to an epereximete
figure of 100,00C. There were almost no ereck erocpe left to fight ee effective delveine
action. North Korean :.'rerier, Kim Il .:)utg made an emerperey appeal to Morcott ned reWiee
rempeetively requeeteng them to fulfill their miletary nlliencer hy eereing rrteforeceen-
to his rercue. At that time Mcsems nne Pekire seemed to hove no inq-ediftf efois1-0 tenlit"
Until September My a Mueden conference wee held .et the ukeen nellroee cueet
under the auspices Of the RueeienS.The attendance incleded'I'forte 7r.01-B4'? :rerr Y_m 11
Sung, the'Ruesian Mershel Uslineeeky veld General Sivorovsky,' erd the Ghinese Commerst
Generel Mien (un-Chin aed General Lin Pine. The nature of the 0r4 r' eer merete
review of the critical eituatior enusee by North Korean defeat ere in excharge of view,.
the technical Papeete of eeeietine North Korea. The obteteee dete -how tl'Ett tepre vere re-
binding resolution e adopted. Th nimum requirereets roughly eetireted by the three
deletions fOr an effective viability on the thee Korean trot creeisted of ee diviri ee.
(shout (0C,CCC men) 5CC warplanes, 100 tanks, two devielore of heavy ertillere red reef
able quantity of other weepoes end an al undent eupely of ermunitioe. The Russians hod
made a pledge that the Soviet Covernrent wcule 'teen cerrieer the suerliee of ,-tirpleerc,
heavy arse and ammutiticne. North Korea wets to supply proviriere eee nart cem-TrIc:7?
tion tools, (In fact all these were impelled later be Chinese coreeiriete thee-eleer, wed
Red China was to give men. Tee principle of divieior of lebor referred to iv, the
noneommittal teles bud eeiefle helve no the blueerriet of the Ohirleee-euesier 4%ereerent
on Assisting Korea concluded In Porbt, .014 Oceober e,
eanwhile, Chinese top army leedere expreered vergert vieee On di scieteree
to Korea by sending troops. There were chiefly two tendencies. (In feet it ie e matter of
M di
difference on ?Picnic?) and there Waa no existence of distinct oreeeitaticer) rhe leederr
ef the alleged right-wing coareevativee are General Liu Poheehrng, the ecord Field Amy
Commender,and Generel,CheneI, the Third Yield Army Gemmeedereeee t'eay ere locked he
General Chu Tab, the Supreme Commaeder of Rod Army. ;tile the dee!: en eend the opiniore
of this group are as fellows,
It is most inadvisable to plunge into an ir'ternatiorel war wher reeorreruetior wee
not yet under way after a long-drawn_eivil leer, and Femmes end renctionery force werc
still in existence. Amen it 4* extremely .tecteeere, elaborete, cennieerettore and well.
Planned ereearetieue ere required. They iympethised with North Kortl,'r entieeggr seim
war and might consider various suitable weans of aesietance oteer then "direct
particieetienw. The A-merit:tar imperialist threat to North betel 4n- could probehly
averted by neutral countrier through dielonatic. channels. In cect of filure, it will
provide them with a pretext for vending expOltionoi fcree and tPuaouo* their morele.
The Korean peninsula is surrounded or three aides be vetere end WithOut fufficient navy
in operation (navel suprorace vas or other ellee) it le too ficrlt for them to cormend
a victory. (unless with an sir eupromeey strew, Peelle% to curb ell the enemy revel
aetivities). The pooerepbicel rtrip of the perfreule le no gore for their telented
tactic,. Rigid poeitioral werfere would lend edvertagee to their enemir in better
equipment and corwuricetion and vice verge. ?y1 outrieht Pertieipeticr in Korean irer
give them no Freund for muddling through in ease of Fq/YrrIleot*"revrt ritrO. eereet, and weele
provide the American imperieliets with an meleea to invnee tee reilleee: 4r no euffteieee
navy and modern coertel defeme eortificetirre for the Jeer elleere eoret lier, there will
be no effective defence egeitElettack by eremy fror the ,sen. Phe withdrew-al of Wdhi
of troops into Korea would rauce the (10ferwef rtrenrth alcnr the coeet ad the rC1.c0.0 I
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Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release @ 50-Yr 2013/07/16: CIA-RDP83-00423R000200820001-8
P. 6 13.0X 177e KOWLOON'
coeo..E ADD. "FAIRCO"
HONG KONG
Ths 'tT PO erp
tont c donee 'i11r ore viet r..,r1
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t4ono).1itODy ibenn4 ,
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Alcreemer* Valt c0nclue,d ir
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thirnr *act to 01ho roe ry flii
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np., i.itetriss. 0061/Inf ce--itr 6d
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SECUIIIIY I
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A.
lin a le- ? r,re,rns Li ,iii -rim A I _
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- r. tiwk / r. vv it
CABLE ADD "V'AIRCD"
ONO /CON G
A tenIt tf*m tad
50X1
boon ltdaPted in the sixth Plenary EesSion of the
Chinese Cernmili y 'There era
it stipulstor "eight hours work,
find thie most furf,rmental clear
the erbodiment of thee, ialkOrtear
working class by the Pr $y
laid down in the plat
for the sake of
the civil wa
deselaPs
revolutio
a e reeoluti.ce 'in conneettint'veith the 'mbar problem.
,
filer-ease- at wages, relief of uster-ployment, etc". is
. ... .
- isbar policy of the Chineee ' Contemn! st Party in
1.111i .
ocurenti. It is in unrietelable pledge to the Chinese
...
r conditions ,will be improved to the 6tandard as
ConatOrilet cla,..oring eltigav"--', tli'a vo-rki."F class,
had exerted in their great efforts, end Ourire
. ,.,
ectious lies end inieh lihrrtv to 1.-elp the
edlY, tl'e worki?qe, class ted in the process of
ted by the Party.
ten: Of the reepien out rn,e+et , *hat
. - - . ,
elestirt Pe the Cinient 'imprevfxt the
in Olti'lr Ple the totes t 1 one
c'ipensn
eonditio ,
that you is
,ave, and
d 00110 data
eotrperetive study.
there is little
Industrie]
eh* is
itione of
0*
look,
the
Jest one,
k, tV0E
made
cans of
demand the
sa or ar-y
the
ve been
.twro4uettons of
yeteit
'the.'"ers of waves,
th reqtairee quota.
r tc.accsrpliTh the
et
display Of th
the
Fact
sumfbor
to cossplete a
This is the highest
010,410..-00. less the aerie.
In addition, they ars
and "learning. grPu0*?rs.', These.
workers' spirit snd to linliet ow their.
matter hoe reluctant, they hos *1tnitiv but
sosoalled "progressive Society * dares to *hos
to three hours are spent on these dot es. One is eons
six hours in sound sleep for day wed" nigh*.
After liberation, beearee of incissant overtino and overestrentrth work, the
percentage of death, siekneee, and accidenti ettires
contains infoomation affecting the nettonet c'efen.s
This uflei '?'ton for US Wefts of the United in the meaning of the etolonne
Only is supp f.0::?-4141 1r" "A- fif "title 18, USC, Secs, 793 and ansmisslon or r
1111W Nidysts. it ttr, 50X1 of which in any manner to ast onauthorized
also the
Axed poriodo
Gottori
ow the
pet has
t 60 reunds.
other factories are !acre or
!cultural recreation activities"
* to comfort the
g exhausted, no
tiIxte in them. Because in a
f being legged behind. Two
ered lucky enough to have
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release @ 50-Yr 2013/07/16: CIA-RDP83-00423R000200820001-8
Declassified in Part Sanitized Copy Approved for Release e, 50-Yr 2013/07/16: CIA-RDP83-00423R000200820001-6
FAR EASTEM CULTURAL. SERVICE
sox -trio
cikate APD: cO
,HOMO 4titaiG
Via akla workfciii evidently heading an upward trend. This
the Ali eilectis by overvtime ad overuietrength work.
lrailarad by tho,s?4404,orli of the Shanghai
p ere familiar with the prObles, the figures
sing is outstanding.
le the three tablas. As of the months of
hOna reached its zenith, the rates of death,
)1 *est _reeerd. .We ear see what a devastating effect
eases of intense emulation.
- I i?"6/1".8ot.WOrkInS ikOrkr. *net be accompanied in
La considered to be au act of eXPltitation if no
ng .14 ours or if no reduction or oosoo is Toll owed
ahmnsible Oat on the one hand it is
reduetten of wages.'ewt this has
teterrewt. Ass In the case of
_eta put a S they merely tcoepted the
ges by the workers themselveit. Government and
.41K 17, Private factories4k- under the *audition
"factories Managed by workers therselvee
to foreign owned factories, they have
nor* thr itliled lalor, draw
Cording to to stistlar sompiied la the
volvrtary rtouest, tri average to a low
lOwine tall* rrovidee a eortrast between
n of wages, for the last two veers.
workers_whe,hof' owoaaartad or aaaftnt of not
at MAPS *triad is net reaer4ed in 4410., table.
I these 100 ,units, the take-how.
!poor fft 270 catties of rice
two 'uis Of ilOthos made
iicbed nditior for the
The tol.lov!n&ree
tendency reflects
members tote
U?mpi1eyent i*
b4ati Ow,.
4 fest.T4.s r
lusty* to
intained.
b41$11. rectal of the oaruniet
eg power,
pi.Aceordirg to the
?Shangbal nanufaaturers, the
?QM. the lay-off or pstri-otime
Pt fled some work
livinre
2* re
total of 245
*obi
registrati
they will he es3.tS in th
they
Because of the sevtst afore**. of
istieremediary businessmen, the meher of the *fines which appl
Commerce ihareaut Shanghai eseetlot ef Ilieineee has rams
torior le
LU tee, so the
p oyed. As of February
asral Labor Union shows a
played who evade
s remote frontiers or
for this category.
"exterminating the
to the Industry and
d a record of l3,0000
Scriiovni #,,
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Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release
LR EASTERSI CULT AL;
?P. 0. rIOX 7KOWLl
C. ABLE ADD '''EAIRCI:>"
HONG KONG
SECURITY
50-Yr 2013/07/16: CIA-RDP83-00423R000200820001-8
56)0
,
There mill he more ai4lica?ts, as 4 eaplt of the "Anti-five" campaign.Assuming each
firr has a staff of rix persons, then the total will be over lnop000 persons. By adding
this figure to the rev's-terve firire- of the Unonl-Plored tn industry, the total of the
unemployed in Lhanghei will be around 1501,000 persons.
Aios administored by the corMI/nirt for the relief of these groups Of unemploy-
ment ere: General Labor Union is to iseue,n Potties of rice plus the relief fund of
J.U.P. 4P0.000 (1044.00) to ji' pmrson'per !tenth. It is A sort if subaidy. It ill hardly
enough to mintain the mini rd to living. The relief fund is not paid out from
the gosernr.ert coffer. It le Ievi frOr the worker On work and the erPloyere. Each
working man hat to denote Of..: hv tO the f'4 Of ' 1 benefit and
the employer o to-_- e"' *peaking, it
- -
is the rorkerc h
Coneid.ring they pay no
money for tho relief Ito' e trying by all
means to salvowiping out
unemployment
1. To
replace
isbruary
men.
Lyon by
ties to
leave for
To force t
do .ini ler mork of *
4, To orga
the unties.) coed area
in it.
k-
use t
f t
re
t
11$o- *up* for cofleetiw
to the earens ?r a
heve. so far yie
lkire of jobs. sir
rested
little
ins
Iy
e s tit `to tbi
e to e total of
problem oInt
centre at Shanghai.
The above m
three year of their
workers' starshard Of
enforcing is stplerp
"eight houre work
platform. tven worse
from the
slaved labor
ria II rule ? a
we can find in 'the
ng the working sites at,
er
heir
oit lug more surplus *slue
Orting
t, heirt?tC$ of'
ne
eatteir
SECURITY i
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414;:.,Ii19,
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FAR cASTERN CULTURAL SERVICE
P. 0 BOX 1778 KOW LOON
CABLEAQ.0 ',FALIRC0"
140fG
They obviously- attempted
geou ,fait-*00-011/Plow
Let' ue:eie eh'
consnePtiPh
after.teentrotwo?
ndititte
eaPtiwee end WOUN-
The Or
exPehdittlie-
1/3
of "ited,
the erneh"
a lois! UfOp
sustained-i
50X1
willtery
With two rpl bftter *r, In
Koren witv.. Russian', Ilei
Native rroup,
rt 1ev and North
lel as ? b we no hope ofrhte vietory and
continustion of Koreer wet ia of no par+ teu2rir fleolleo to Red Cbjyte The Soviet
rnion in fact her no irtertior of caning out to isael the fifrht against aggression. LV0/1
It the wer e7terds to the malrlsrd there i te guarantee that the :..eviet Russian will
rot treet the Chinese communiete with On Reel attitude al thew did to North Koreans,
that the Chinese communiste feer moat tar than their losses in Korean war, Is
whether thc flames of Korean war will enuif the mainland. They admit that 'tat Protests
china mainland mow le the fragile ps-e I preasure-..-the enemy thinks that an
attack on the mainland will drew the great Per bethind Curtain into an allout war.
Naturally it is not a reliable and effectives protection. ValSethie eonsideretien
undergoes Om hp or disappears, the ioxisting navy and coastal fOrtifications sob hardly
put u; an effective defence t ottelek by superior air force and navy.
Therefore, they are in fever of anappariune and to ifetaan var. &ueh * %rolee ariessatiod
in the spring of lest year, but reached its anith in *lune and July thie year. ** batiorrs
that thin opinion will gra4fly oryntallao I nto * Toroa auk uoat probably it icalrookely
13eriously refleeted in the recent hinesealtu alefrt?a Jairt- ended in itoemsow,
We have to Mi
In the recent
bring an Opportune enti to
Soviet Rueeians have pr
reconstruction and details
The conclueion wee'ren
,pportune end to Korean war by the .Ch
.-Inans support the neceseary sentimatiettr Ge
concessions from th*, allied army, ss the waatorn na
--------
41...44-ano
, reltabl
ePreod In Priboiplo to
d Chinese refine/at, the
r plan on woonamia
ettlement.
Both Russian/ and
the Chinese communist p
!ntegeo
an
all
for the
nd aobioweamit of
velar preliminary
SECURITY, iiO
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i'AR EASTERN CULTURAL SERVICE
P. O. BOX 1778 KOWLOON
CABLE ADD "FAIRCO"
HONG KONG
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ita
piiitag32.242212Mt: aritiMiliZZIESEM
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2010
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TANI
slodlialt_hanstaLss 1.2rkerra...
(1) Deaths In the labor
horpifals ars recorded,
and these al home &re rot
included.
(2) Deaths of workeze
commercial firmr or rhope
do not belong to this
ceteFory. ;t only shows
the derths of Indurfrisl
workerr,
In the
Ta1jle,2. Monthly retouLaf_
stestiatutx_a_Datullai workALAA
(1) Those who are not
hospitslizOd are not in-
cluded,
(2) It shows only the patients
of induetrisl workers.
(3) Thore who consult with
the old-fashioned Chinese
doctor! are not recorded.
zijaita,rantaix_rjularLst
JUlaidauti_waliniLdtwX.U.timi-
Natal It la a total of the
wounded caused by inci-
dents and the disabilities
caused by serious wound.
50X1
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release @ 50-Yr 2013/07/16: CIA-RDP83-00423R000200820001-8
F.
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release @ 50-Yr 2013/07/16: CIA-RDP83-00423R000200820001-8
.. FAR EAS1ERT .CULiT RV
,,, Ili Er KO WL:00
CL CY -PA 102CCV:
,
, HONG KONG
f 4,4ni cost ___________
(I) i;ect unit ie epprwimniely equal-to
j.).1-P',$.200. At official rate, every 100
%/Mit- et*-e iPProxixtr t1y *Oil to Hr4134 ?
(In fraa market,,it ia Mae than HK$110.)
or about U5$20.
) prom Cotobar, 1949 to iebruary 1952 the
real WrgeS have been reduced by 537.
etronp.
Fror the wages 10. wil1 be deducted for
lmbor union fee ere unemployment mutual
benefit fund.
(4) Froviaiolel eollafienr 41 PP "Rerift
U.:. end Ale Koreitt 7 bite pir-ploree
are Frne" "P,trietic n" att., will
take away 12;4. of 11,e so theleorkere
' take-11pme pay ie
orkinite td $g
as of OctAte. it, I49
workirf hours ad,,Iirsgas
es' or retrory '0:52
40n I KITS
weAVI kriffitt
Uetry
wool tttduiiiy
ciy ilaductrY
ir" rGIAYitrY
rubber ft cry
paper mill
soap rectory
shipping 1rwty
elsotri peri
appliarcie
Total
Noe of in
?04114ttlom
in Pe -time
1/
P12
118
25
7
24
28
1.C1
S62
on
-4rf
67
284
351
,la
20
22
13
1:0t
867
Declassified in Part - Sanitized Copy Approved for Release @ 50-Yr 2013/07/16: CIA-RDP83-00423R000200820001-8