SCIENTIFIC ABSTRACT KOVPIK, O. F. - KOVRIGIN, O. D.
Document Type:
Collection:
Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST):
CIA-RDP86-00513R000825630008-9
Release Decision:
RIF
Original Classification:
S
Document Page Count:
100
Document Creation Date:
November 2, 2016
Sequence Number:
8
Case Number:
Publication Date:
December 31, 1967
Content Type:
SCIENTIFIC ABSTRACT
File:
Attachment | Size |
---|---|
CIA-RDP86-00513R000825630008-9.pdf | 3.18 MB |
Body:
L 06312-67
ACC NRi AT6020432
that the electron ion currents emerging from the plasma are equal to the current en-
tering the plasma. The observation of outflowing currents has shown that for suffi-
ciently long plasma-beam interaction length, the current from the end of the plasma
consisted solely of ions. The investigation of the frequency distribution of the ex-
cited oscillations shows that the ion current arises in situations favoring the produe-
tion of instabilities. The most favorable conditions for generating beams of ions
with energies up to 1 kev are given, The study of excitation frequency change with
,electron temperature and type of gas used shows that the low frequency oscillations
generated in the experiment were near the ion-acoustic frequencies. Further study of
the generation of low frequencies is needed. Orig. art. has: 6 figures, 1 table.
SUB ODDE: 20/ SURN UTE: llNov65/ ORIG REF: 017/ OTH REF: 003
Card 2/2
L 04311 -4 IJPW AT/O
ACC NRi AT6020'~ia~- --~0-6i&'-COM UR/0000/65/000/000/0036/0043
THOR: Kornilov, Ye. As-, Kovpik, 0. F.;.Eg2Lmrg, Ya. B.; Dolotin, L. ItiKharchankc
G: none
TIX: Time characteristics of high frequency oscillations during the development of
stabilities in the Diasma-beam *svstem
AN UkrSSR. Vzaimodeystviye puchkov zaryazhennykh chastits a plazmoy (Inter-
i of charged particle beams with plasma). Kiev, Naukova dumka, 1965, 36-43
~C TAGS. Hr oscillator, plasma beam interaction, plasma electron density, criti-
magnetic field
STRACT: Spectral characteristics and time variations of oscillations excited in a
,asma by a traversing electron bear. are studied. A 4 mm diameter beam (60 mA) was in-
cted into a plasma in a magnetic field (0-2 koe). Bean energy varied from 2 to 5
V. The beam-plasma interaction region was 40 cm long and the plasma electron densit3
Ls 1012 cm-3. Variations in the parameters of the experiment led to the conclusion
iat when conditions favorable to beam instability growth (a brief discussion of these
given based on the literature cited in the bibliography) are established, the exci-
itions occur which have maxima at frequencies corresponding to half-integral multi-
2
-2
._.L1WT(i)/ETC/W(n)4/4W(tn) IJP(C AT
IVCESSION 1OR: AP601207*2611 - UR/6057/65/036/00B/1642/1371
V1,
AIM10M, Kornilov Ye A*+ ko~piklt__% O*F~ Faynberg,.Ya.~;B.; Karchenko I.F.
TITLE: Mechanism:of pl"'Id4-.Jormation: dwingAevelopment ity
N; 14( 0;41~r_
SOMR: Zhurns.1 tekhnicheakoy,141kip ve 35# nos..80 1905l 1372-1377
TOPIC TAGS: plasma instabilityl..'plasma, heating plasma beam interaction, plasma
oacillation,: el6atron be'am, ma tic ii
One old# 'air hydrogen, argon
ABSTRAM The..authora. have- investigated th roduction of plnsmn~ by a 3-5 mm dia-
p
Imeter 10-50 *A.'be am of 2-5 keV travf .3rslng the 40 am length ot a 10 ~cla
0
diameter glass:..tube conta.filng,-aiv, _a~rgon, cyr hydrgen at different pressures in
the .- presence: of, a,.01-2 JcOe longitudinal magnetic field - ',The plasma .density was
"Vetermined ~ itth Langmuir ~probes) -with ~a 40, Wo/sec.. interfer Ome ter, and by the
dOltuflifig of 1 a,3, iffic/se, roqoni6t_.a~vity. -_Oscillations~ex ited' in the. plasmawere
a, 0
received-, with: n dipole antenna Sme~jii6 chamber and'vrere inve. ith a
0A atigated iy
spectral analyzer-.=J wi-th resonance_~ wavemet-brs. .,-At urea below a critical
press
v alu6 the plasma dons Ity, was - close to the beam densityi and oscillations near the
Larmor 1 requeijoy* waro observed c When the~pressUre was Increased through the criti
1/12
Card,
KOSMDEMIYANSKIY,, L.V..; SHUSHKINA3. Ya.N.; KOPYLOV, YO.P.; KQV-I=AYA,..N_-
-J~-; LAZARYANTS, E.G.; FARBEROV, M.I.
Use of a synthetic emulsifier with a baae of di-tert-bii4lbenzoic
acid for the synthesis of all-purpose rubbers. Knuch. i roz. 22 no.
111:11-14 N 163. (MIRA 17:2)
1. Nauchno-issledovatellskiy institut monomerov dlya sintatichesko-
go kauchuka i Yaroslavskiy tekhnologicheskly institut.
ALEKSKEV, Yuriy Vasillyevich; POPOVp OUg Andrayevich; GLADROV, V.A.,
red.; KOVRAYSUY, K.Ya.p spots. red.; SYCHEVA, V.A., tokhn.
red. I . -- ''. -1, - -1
[Experience in semicontinuous =elting]Opyt poluneprer~vnoi F:Iav-
ki. Eurmansk, Murmanskoe knizhnoe izd-vo, 1962. 23 (MPIRA 15:12)
(Vickel-Blectrometallurgy)
KOVRAYSM.-V_3_, kand. khim. nauk; SVIRIIZNKO. F.F.. inzh.
Effect of the final process in the conversio-n--of phosphorous
pig iron on crazimg and cracks in rails. Trudy Ukr. nauch.-isal.
inst. met. ne.4:1,55-162 158. (MIRA 1223)
(Steel--Defects) ( W Iroads-Rails)
COURAGIj The, collection of articles reviaws the woric carried an at
the Inatituti or istais on the t*chnoiou or blast furnaces, open-
hearth rurnac:8, and rolled stock produci~ion. ii-Aii-O-deiii-
.Ith problems In astallo--rephy, h9st.trestment of ferrous aetals
and sethods f r their Study. Particular attention In devoted tol
the preparation or charges and blast furnace practice with Increased
gas pressure, open-hearth production with oxygen blast and rolling
of light profiles. So personalities art nentloned. Itardronces
accompany each article.
"KDVRAYSXIY V.B.
Investigating the kinetics of the dephosphorization process in
the conversion of higb-phosphorus pig irons into steel. Trudy
Ukr. nauch.-issl. inst,, met. no.6g115-130 '60. (MIRA 14:3)
(Steel-Metallurgy)
KO-MYSKIY, V.B.
Effent of slag composition or the equilibrium constant. of 4t)e
reantion 2[P] + %. -* 5[Fel. Sbor. trud, UVIIM
no.9,a109-124 164 5(pso) - ~n?05) (MIR-k 18~.i)
SOV/62-00- i
AUTH0i'iSI: A. sov , A. Ye . Fov,- (I (I a v A
Cl C)I Ye . I
tPiTr,F,: T.o t,, e L, t o G I ie Ed I t o t, Reactlon ol" i,ce P-,,dlca'l h
0,-ganoniepcu,,~y CompOL11IGS
PE~11,10-1,)I(~Al,: Izv(,.,.,,tly;i Akademil n,'.ILIIC otdelc!liye
tlaul., 1960, Nv 1., 1) 11118 (USSR)
A-BSTRAO,': 'Phe autlioro repoct that compoundo Rllf~'Rl ,,cact ct,!~j
D-i the proBence of' bew.loyl. l,)(!L-OXLdC! tC) fO"Ilfl
showrl ii) Table B. ThoL-e 1-tre I tahle; atid ~' ~- Q Ce, 1c, t ic-
L II.S. and I Soviet. ;Phe U.S. t-el'et,et-icu, lo- 1,7. 1',-
KhLiru,;ch, R . Maviier~, J . \in . Chem. So~~ JIP, 1
ASSOC iAT tOlq ImAitute of' Elenient-orto,autc. compollildo" Ak"Idem.": ol,
Sc-lellco", USSR (.Tllo~ltut
soveditioniy Akademii 11,11,1k SSSII)
SISBYaTTEID - OAober 2C),
Cuvii 1/--,
ol, jop.t.
sov/(-"-)
-00-3
(Q.116coo), - c
if scoo.
cGh3 + (-CIS - C C, CQI
,;, ca
+ -I- Rco
P"I Ig - --,, (-
~Cjj
XC
T
I C.,\
A
Letter to the I-I'dj.tor. Reactioll Of Free 7b091
Radicals With Organomercury Compo-unds SOV/b2-00-1--17/31
W)
colisligc-l is CAI 1,111~0(871%,)+Clol I'm,
coli5cl 1:1 IgcAl 1, (et I C41-ISCI I,IIgCI(73%)+C,I I,ccl,(58%)
cd I'd Wil 1, ~cl 1 C41 Id 1g(,1(76 %), J-C~41 I&(:CIa(T.'%)
cal-Ijigcolill cot 1,11 lgcl(s:l
c,l ll(~A is C41 I'cl (,Ifk(--1(73%)+Cj 1,ccl:'030"')
Cot 161 lgct Icl 13-11 tA (-'Z1 ILI IRCI(88
167- 192'
P-cII,c,,II4IIRc~IItc,IIj-0 (A ) vTj ]:,Cc) ),I 1KCI(t,7 ,Q+ o CI
1.119-189, -j-p Cl ia(:,l 1,1 IgCl(43%)+p-(.I 1.,C,f Wicl'(wt~j
c6l (j It"CID1 I-,-lx - ,-C. %
165 195'
Key to TaDle B. (a) starting coi-apoundo; ~b) con3tants;
(c) products of reaction (yield ~(I) oil; (e) Pip.
Card 3/i
27487
S/062/61/000/009/002/014
00 B117/B101
AUTHORS: Nesmeyanov, A, No, Borisov, A. Ye., Golubeva, Ye. I., and
Kovredov, A. I.
TITLE: Reaction of free radicals with unsymmetric organic mercury
compounds
PERIODICAL: Akademiya nauk SSSR. Izvestiya. Otdeleniye khimicheskikh
nauk, no. 9y 1961, 1582-1589
TEXT: The authors studied the interaction of free radicals with a
number of asymmetric saturated organo-mercury compounds with a view to
elucidating the order in which radicals are split off by a radical reagent
and establishing a sequence of radicals. The benzoyl peroxide initiated
reaction of carbon tetrachloride with saturated organo-mercury COMDOunds.
discovered by A. Ye. "Rorisov (Ref. 8; Izv. AN SSSR. Otd. khim. no 1951,
524) was used as example for this study. The mercury compounds used were
of the type RHgR' listed in the table. They were prepared either
(compounds 11, 12, 13, and 14) by the method developed by R. Kh.
Freydlina, K. A. Kocheshkov, and A. No Nesmeyanov (Ref. 9: Zh. obahch.
Card 1/0
27487
8/06 61/000/009/002/014
Reaction of free radicals ... B117YB101
khimii, 5., 1171 (1935)) or by means of the Grignard reaction. It was
observed that in the reaction RHgRt + CC1 4---iPRHgCl + RICCl 3 the free
radical CCl* always combines in higher yield with a radical further left
3
in the following sequence than with one further right:
2,4,6-(CH 3 )3C6H21 a-C 10H 7' p-CH 3C6 H4' o-CH 3C6H4' m-CH3C6H4' C6H5' C2 H5'
C4H91 C 6 H5CH2' C011. If the radicals are further apart in this sequence,
the reaction is frequently nearly quantitative. For a chain reaction with
radical mechanism the order found shows a certain similarity to the
sequence set up by M. S. Kharasch (J. Amer. Chem. Soc., -~-8, 3130 (1926);
ibid., 5A, 674 (1932)) for the heterolytic reaction. The course of the
chain reaction may be represented as follows:
(C6 H5COO)2 --->C6H; + C6H5COO* + C02
C 6H; + Ccl 4 ---~ C6H 5Cl + CCI;
CCIj + RHgR' ---> RHg' + R10013
RHg* + CU 4 -,>RHgCl + CC1 etc.
Card 2
Reaction of free radicals ...
27487
s/o62/61/000/009/002/014
B117/B101
The course of the reaction is therefore determined by
RHgR' + CCl' ---~ RICCl + RHg'
3 3
since in the further course of the reaction the RHg radical only
participates the regeneration of the chloromethyl radical. The sequence
established on the basis of decreasing proton affinity of the radicals
corresponds to one based on decreasing affinity of the radicals towards
the free radical CCI 3* There are 1 table and 14 references: 5 Soviet-
bloc and 9 non-Soviet-bloo. The two most recent references to English-
language publications read as follows: R , Dessy, G. F. Reynolds,
Jin Young-Kim, J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 81, 26;3E 1959); S. Winstein, T. G.
Traylor, J. Amer. Chem. SOC. T1, 3741 (1955)-
ASSOCIATION: Institut elementoorganicheskikh soyedineniy Akademii nauk
SSSR (Institute of Elemental Organic,Compounds of the
Academy of Sciences USSR)
SUBMITTED, March 11, 1961
Card 3
ZAKHARKIN, L.I.; KOVREDOV, A.I.
Synthesis of pentamethylenle--and hexamethylenediboric acids.
Izv. AN SSSR O~d.khim.nauk no.2:357-358 F 162.
(MIR& 15:2)
1. Institut elementoorganicheakikh so-yedineniy AN SSSR.
Boric acid)
33987
S/062/62/000/002/012/013
/A -%2.2 3 B117/B138
//. '2.2/)
AUTHORS& Zakharkin, L. I., and Kovredov, A. I.
TITLE; Addition of diborane to isoprene and synthesis of ~-methyl
tetramethylene diboric acid
PERIODICAL: Akademiya nauk SSSR. Izvestiya. Otdcleniye khiinicheskikh
nauk, no. 2, 1962, 362 - 363
TEM The investigation started in Ref. 1 (Zh. obshch. khimii ~2 (in print)
(1962)) was continued as follows: ~-methyl tetramethylene diboric acid was
synthesized on the base of diborane and isoprene. All the reactions were
performed in pure nitrogen atmosphere. Diborane and isoprene readily react
in tetrahydrofuran at room temperature. The product is bis-1,4-0-boro-2-
methyl cyclopentyl)-2-methyl butane C 15H3OB2 (1) (boiling point 880C
(0.2 mm, Hg); yield 64.7%). By heating (I) with boro trichloride (2000C,
20 hr) and by distillation, 1,4-bis-(dichloro boro)-2-methyl butane
C5H10B2Cl4 (11) was obtained (boiling point 360C (0-7 mm Hg); yield 80%).
The hydrolysis of (II) yielded ~-methyl tetramethylene diboric acid
Card(D2
33987
S/062/62/000/002/012/01A
Addition of diborane to... B117/B138
C5H'14 B204(111) (melting po~alnt 132 - 1330C; yield 901~), which was stored in
a sealed capillary in nitrogen. The structure of (III) was confirmed by
its oxidation with alkaline hydrogen peroxide; the products were 2-methyl
butanediol-1,4 (boiling point 115 - 1170C (10.5 mm Hg); yield 72.6-p,) and
bis-phenyl uretane (melting point 96 - 9700. There are 4 references:
I Soviet and 3 non-Soviet. The two references to English-language
publications read as follows: B. Viejcik, H. Adkins, J. Amer. Chem. Soc. Vr
54, 4389 (1932); A. Shepard, J. R. Johnson. J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 38~, 168
(1911).
ASSOCIATION: Institut elementoorganicheskikh soyedineniy Akademii nauk SSSR
(Institute of Elemental Organic Compounds of the Academy of
Sciences USSR)
SUBMITTED: July 29, 1961
Card 2/2
ZAKHARKIN, L.I.; KOVREWV, A.I.
Syntehesis of trimethyleneboroaic acid and alkyldiboronic acid esters
and the refractions of some bonds in organoboron compounds. Izv.AN
SSSR.Otd.khim,nauk no.9:1564,-1571 S 162. (MM 15:10)
I* Institut elementoorganicheakik-h soyedineniy AN SSSR.
(Boronic acid) (Boron organic compounds)
A
ACCESSION NR: AP4010038 L S/0062/64/0001001/005010054
AUTHOR: Kovredov, A. I.; Zakhark~n, L. I.;
TITLE- Synthesis of 1-chloroborcycloalkanes
SOURCE: AN SSSR. Izvestiya. Ser. khim., no. 1, 1964, 50-54
TOPIC TAGS: 1-chloroborcycloalkane, synthesis, tetraalkyldiborane catalyst, bis-
alpha. omega- (1-borcycloalkyl)alkane, boralkane cyclization, 1. 5 -dichloro-1. 5-
diborocyclooctane, bis- alpha, omega- (dichlorobor)alkane
ABSTRACT:' 1 - chloroborcyclopentane, 1-chloroborcyclohexane and 1-chlorobor-
cycloheptane may be synthesized by reacting:the appropriate bis-alpha, omega-
(1-borcyclo4alkyl)alkane with a 1:1 molar ratio of BC13 at 140C in the presence
of a catalytic amount of tetraalkyldiborane to form a polymer which depolymerizes
on heating Jin vacuum. On heating C12B(CH2)nBCl2, where n=4, 5, or 6, to
200-250C, BC13 is liberated and the alkane is cyclized to form the corresponding
1-chloroborcycloalkane. Similar treatment Of C12B(CH2)3BC12 results in BC13
Cardl/2
ACCESSION NR: AP4010038
evolution and the formation of 1,5-dichloro-1, 5-diborocyclooctane. Bis-alph a,
omega- (1-borcycloalkyl)alkanes, when heated with 1:4 molar ratio of BC13 to
140C in the presence of a catalytit amount of tetraalkyldiborane, are converted to
the corresponding bis-alpha,omega- (dichlorobor)alkanes. Orig. -art. has: 6
equations.
ASSOCIATION: Institut elementoorganicheskikh soyedineniy Akademii navkSSSR
(Institute of Metallo-organic Compounds Academy of Sciences SSSR)
SUBMITTED: 29Aug63 DATE ACQ: 14Feb64 ENCL: 00
SUB CODE: CH NO REF SOV-. 003 OTHER- 000
Card 2/2
ACCESSION NR: AP4019021 S/0062/64/000/002103931093-
AUTHOR: Zakharkin, L, Is; Kovrodov, A, Io
.TITLE: Synthesis of ethane-1,1- and ethane-1,2-diboric acids from acetylene
land diborane
SOURCE: 'AN SSSR. Izv. Seriya khimicheskaya, no. 2, 1964, 393
TOPIC TAGS: ethane diboric acid, diboranet dichloro buroethane, boron chlorie.,,
diborane polymer, diboric acid acetylene
ABSTRACT: The authors report the preparation of the above acids by the inter-
action.iof acetylene and diborane dissolved in ether or tetrahydrofuran forminga
polymer (C2114B2) which.when heated with BC13 to 180-200C, produces a good yield
of two bis-(dichloroboro)cthanes in an approxiinate proportion of 1:1. , namely
.bis-1,1-(dichloroboro)ethane and bio-1,2-(dichloroboro)ethane. Hydrolysis of the
above produced corresponding othanediboric acids. Their characteriatics ard
given* Orige art* has:. no figures, 2 formulas, no tabloaa
1/2
Card'
ACCESSION NR: AP4019021
ASSOCIATION: Inatitut elementoorganicheakLkh soyedinanLy AN SSSR
(Institute of Elementoorganic Compounds, AN SSSR)
SUB417TED: 29Nvv63 DATE ACQi 27Nar64 INCL: 00
SUB CODE: OC NO REF SOVt 001 0TlMR: 001
212
Card
AKINANCIVI I S.A.; KOVTIIG114, A.I.; STRUECT, M.M,; MIGHLOV, R.V.
Frequency dependence of' the tbrashold of light breakdown in air.
Pis'. v red. Zhur. eksper. i toor. fiz. 1 no.1:42-1,7 Aj) 165,
(MIFA 18:9)
1. lloskovskly gosudarstvennyy universitet.
AhlimANDIr, S.A.; KDVRIGIN, A.I.; JTLAKOVA, N.K.
Effect of the finite aperture of a I.Ight beam on the cour-se
of nonlinear phenomena in an anisotropic medium. Zhur. eksp.
i teor. fiz. 48 no.6:1545-1553 Je 165.
(ICR-Pi 18:7)
1. 14oskovskiy gosudarstvennyy universitet.
T.
--Heorgnnize the control of suslikR. Znshch. rAst. ot vred. i bol.
3 tio.1-7-8 Jn-F 158. (MIRA 11:3)
1. Nanhnllnik proizvodetvennogo uchni3tkp Aktyubinskoy ekaneditaii.
ftui3liks)
1,9suo 28,11
26390
S/032/61/027/008/015/020
B103/B203
AUTHORS: Kovrev, G. S.,and Kirillov, P. G.
TITLE: Method of determining the strength properties of metals at
high temperatures
PERIODICAL: Zavodskaya laboratoriya, v. 27, no. 8- 1961. 1018 - 1021
TEXT: The authors developed methods of testing the elongation of metal
specimens (tungsten) at high temperatures and deformation rates When the
deformation was accelerated from 555 to 3500 %/sec, the plastic strain of
tungsten specimens was found to remain constant for the same temperature
and degree of deformation. Besides, the plastic strain of specimens heated
to 1500 0C was shown to rise by 25 - 30 % at a rate of 3500 %/see.. as
compared with 555 %/sec. The effect of the deformation rate on the deform-
ation resistance is not yet known for many alloys and metals, including
tungsten. Tungsten differs from most metals and alloys by its friability.
Its initial structure, grains with equally long axes, changes in defortration
since the grains are lengthened. The resulting texture leads to higher
plasticity and strength. This texture disappears, however. on heating
Card 1/6
26390
S/032/61/027/10CB/015/020
Method of determining the strength... B103/B203
above recrystallization temperature, and the metal becomes friable again.
The authors describe their quick tensile tests of tungsten specimens (also
applicable to other metals) at over 10000C. Such tests Lire rendered
difficult by the necessity of holders resisting such temperatures. If the
holders are to be kept distant from the heating zone, long specimens would
be required. 71ater-cooled holders create a high 'Llemperature gradient along
the specimen. In the authors' methods. the maximum test temperature is not
limited by the resistance of holderslutlythe furnace construction The
protective gas produced by heating prevents oxidation of specimens, Tests
were made on a chain draw bench with four slide speeds to simulate real
conditions as closely as possible (deformation rate of tungsten in rolling
is 500 - 1500 %/sec). The authors used 0.222 and 1-4 m/sec, At a
calculated specimen length of 40 mm, this corresponds to deformution rtiteB
of 555 and 3500 ~~/sec. Specimens were produced from rods by rotary
forging at 1400 - 110000, and contained 0.001 ~, Ni; 0.01 % SiO2; 0.005 % CaQ.
and 0.029~c Mo; the rest was W. The holders were made of hardened Y707)
steel. Fig. 2 shows a diagram of the apparatus. The specimen 1 in a quartz
tube 2 was heated in an electric circular furnace 3 witil a silicon carbide
Card 2/6
26390
S/032/61/0271/008/015/020
Method of determining the strength... B103/B203
heating. The Projection 4 prevented the specimen from gliding in the tube.
The platinum - platinum - rhodium thermocouple 5 indicated the specimen
temperature. After reaching the temperature requi.red, the quartz tube in
the furnace was turned through 1800, arid the specimen dropped from the tube
through the funnel 6 into holder 7. The slide 8 was quickly coupled to the
moving chain 9, and the specimen was ruptured. The specimen temperature was
recorded during its stay in the holders on an Oscilloscope by i,Deans of the
optical head 10 (consisting of focusing lens and photoresistor with small
time constant). The optical head was calibrated before the test, and a
calibration diagram plotted in the coordinates "deviation cf the ray in
mm - temperature in 0V. The sine curve of thea-c vol taire of a 3P- IO(ZG-10)
sound generator was simultaneously recorded on the ci.art The stress was
recorded by the measuring box 11 fed from an 9T-4(ET-4') fuuz-channel
amplifier. The measuring box was calibrated an the ben,~h by means of a
spring dynamometer with pointer. The oscillogramB were evaluated as fol-
lows: 1) The point corresponding to the beginning plastic deformation was
determined on the oscillograms considering the known slide spoed and the
sine curve recorded (see above). 2) The specimen diameter was measured
after rupture in the area of steady necking. The specimen volu:11e was
divided by the area corresponding to the diameter measured.. Thus, the
Card 3/6
263510
S/0 52/6 i /027 '/00 8/0 15/0 20
Method of determining the strength... B10*51 ~B'203
authors determined the length of the calculated part at. rhe moment of
maximum uniform deformation. 3) From the beginning of pl.ast--ic deformation,
the authors calculated, from the number of periods, the Lime during which
the absolute elongation of the specimen proceeded which corresponded to
maximum uniform deformation of the specimen, The stresse3 in this section
were calculated by dividing the load at the given instant by the area of
the specimen cross section at the same instant (thi.9 area -was de,.-armined
from the condition of constancy of the specimen volume during dc"ormation).
4) In the section corresponding to localized deformation, the cross-section-
al area was determined graphically. The authors explain their results,
mentioned at the beginning, as followsi At 12000C and 1350'.1 C, no effect of
the deformation rate on the plastic strain was found. At these temperatums,
the rate of recrystallization of specimens with the corresronding content
of admixtures is much lower than the deformation rate.. Therefore, the
strength is not changed by recrystallization on transition from one rate to
another. At 15000C, however, recrystallization becomes much more intensive.
Since recrystallization reduces the plastic strain, the oharacter of the
curve deDends on the interrelation between the deformation rate creating
a strengtb-inereasing tungsten texture and the recrystallization rate at
Card 4/6
26390
S/032/61/027/005/015/06V
Me-thod.of determining the strength...
B103/B203
which the deformation texture is more or less replaced by equiaxial-grains,i
which also reduc03 the mentioned stresses themselves. This is confirmed by~
an increase in rcl~itive elongation and relative transverse contraction of !I
specimens deformed at.15000C at a rate of 3500 ~v/sec. There are 5 figures
and 7 references: 4 Soviet-bloc and 3 non-Soviet-bloc. The three refert:11-,
ces to English-language publications read as follows: P. Y.'Cook,Proc.
conference on the properties of materials, Sessiori 3, paper 2, London, May
(1957); A. Nadai, M. Manjon. High-speed tension -e;uts at elevated
Temperatures, Parts IJI -Proceed. ASTM, v. 40 (1941); B. L. Mordike, The
J. of the Inst. of Metals.,,v. 88, Vo. 6, p 272 -275 (196o).
ASSOCIATION:- Krasnoyarskiy institut tsvetnykh metallov im. M. I. Kalinina:
(Krasno arsk Institute of Nonferrous Metals imeni M. I.
XalinM
Card 5/'6'
ACCESSION NR: AT4001242 S/3031/63/000/03S/0324/0331
AUTHOR: Kovrev, G. S.
TITLEs Effect of temperature and rate of deformation on mecbanicaf
properties of tungsten
SOURCE: Gosudarstvenny*y institut tsvetny*kh metallov. Sbornik
nauchny*kh trudov. Moscow, no. 35, 1963, 324-331
TOPIC TAGS: tungsten, tungsten mechanical property, strain rate,
tungsten high temperature tensile test, tungsten high temperature
strength, tungsten high temperature ductility
ABSTRACT: A procedure is developed for performing mechanical tests
on tungsten specimens at temperatures above 10006C to permit an
investigation of the influence of the temperature'and deformation
rate on the resistance of tungsten to various types of deformation
(compression,, tension# bendings torsion) at high temperatures, with
Card 1/2
ACCESSION NR: AT4001242
an aim-at improving the technology of manufacturing plates and sheets'
of tungsten. It was found thatat different di3grees of deformation
the duration of the deformation affects the plastic tension stress
only near*the recrystallization temperature (1500C). An investiga-
tion of the microstructure of samples tested at different tempera-
tures has shown that with rising temperature the band structure
is
gradually replaced by recrystallized structure. The relative elonga-
tion of specimens tested,at 1500C increases with increasing deforma-
tion rate, amounts to 189~ in static'tests, and reaches 35% in dynamic:
tests. Orig. art. hass 10 figures.
ASSOCIATION: Gosuclaretvenny*y institut tovetny*kh metallov (State
Institute*of Nonferrous Metals)
'DATE ACOt 170ct63 ENCL: 00
!SUBMITTED 00
SUB CODE& ML# MA NO REP SOV& 002 OTHERt 001
Card 2/2
ACCESSION NR: AT4001242 B/3031/63/000/03S/0324/033l.'
AUTHOR: Kovrev,
TITLEt Effect of temperature and rate of deformation on macbanicaf
properties of tungsten
SOURCE: Gosudarstvenny*y institut tavetny*kh metallov. Sbornik
nauchny*k'n trudov. Moscow, no. 35, 1963, 324-331
70PIC TAGS: tungsten, tungsten mechanical property, strain rate,
tungsten high temperature tensile test, tungsten high temperature
strength, tungsten high temperature ductility
ABSTRACT: A procedure is developed for performing mechanical tests
on tungsten specimens at temperatures above 10000C to permit an
investigation of the influence of the temperature' d deformation
rate on the resistance of tungsten to various types of deformation
(compression, tension, banding, torsion) at high tev4peratures, with
Card 1/2
ACCESSION NRs AT4001242
Ian aim at improving the technology of manufacturing plates and sheets'
of tungsten. It was found that at different degrees of deformation
the duration of the deformation affects the plastic tension stress
only near*the recrystallization temperature (1500C). An investiga-
tion of the microstructure of samples tested at different tqmPera-
tures has shown that with rising temperature the band structure is
gradually replaced by recrystallized structure. The relative elonga-
tion of specimens tested at 1500C increases with increasing deforma-
tion rate, amounts to Uri in static'tests, and reaches 35% in dynamic
tests. Orig. art, bans 10 figures.
f
ASSOCIATION: Gosudarstvenny*y institut tsvetny*kb metallov (State
Institute of Nonferrous metals)
ISUBMITTED: 00 DATE ACQs 17Oct63 ENCLt 00
SUB CODEs ML# MA 'NO REP SOV: '002 OTHERs 001
card 2/2
----------- ;--
KOVREVA, T. S. YARTSEVA, A. M. and BILIBIN, A. F.
1=4
HUse of biomycin in treating infectious diseases 11 appears in TABCON of "Bi2MXaill
(ExLerimental Study and Clinical use of B42WainL edited by A. F. Bi:LibL-nj Moscow 1954.
SO: Translation-417, 21 Jun 19%
FARBERP N.A.; SINAYKO, G.A.,-_)~VREU, T.S.; MIDRO, O.S.; ANDREYEVA, N.A.
I
E
valuation of the th6rapeutic action of dioron in Botkinle
disease. Sov. med'. 28 no.lC:127-131 0 165. (MIRA 18;11)
1. Klinicheskiy otdel (zav.- dotsent Ye.S. Ketiladze, nauchriyy
rukovoditell - prof. A.F. Bilibin) Instituta virusologii imeni
Ivanovskogo (dir, prof. V.M. Zhianov) AMN SSSR i Moskovskaya
gorodskaya klinicheskaye infektsionnaya bollnitsa No.82 (glavnyy
vrach - kand. med. nauk A.V. Yeremyan), Moskva.
YABLONSKAYA, V.A.1 KQVRN~A~ OKOt A.V.
__~_ ~tSq;- YEML
Epidemiology of typhus. Report No. 1: Data on the serodiagnosis of
typhus, Vop. virus. 5 no. 2:237-240 My-S 160. (KERA 14:4)
1. Institut epidemiologii i mikrobiologii imeni P.F, Gamlei AMN
SSSRw 2-ya Gorodskaya klinichaskaya bollnitsap Imni-SoF. Botkinay
MO&A'*`.~L ' -
(TYPHUS FL-M)
ACC NRI A-16028945
SOURCE CODE: UR/0000/66/000/000/0324/0331
AUTHOR: Kovrevskiy, A. P. (Candidate of technical sciences)
ORG: none
TITLE: The damping effectofa fluid flow on pipeline vibration
SOURCE: Dinamika mashin (Dynamics of machinery); ubornik statey. Moscow, Izd-vo
Mashinostroyeniye, 1966, 324-331
TOPIC TAGS: pipeline vibration, pipeline vibration damping, vibration damping,
P/,Oe OCIOLA)
Coriolis force, friction force r
ABSTRACT: An investigation of vibraiion in pipelines containing a flowing ideal fluid4i
is described. The damping effect of the Coriolis forces produced during pipeline --I
vibration is discussed. The friction forces within the fluid as well as friction of
the fluid against the pipe's walls were not considered in the investigation. rhe
following conclusions were reached: 2) A pipeline with angle bracle'ets containing a
flowing fluid is a dissipating system. In relation to vibration disturbances, it is
more stable than a pipeline with both ends attached. b) The vibration damping is
caused by the effect of Coriolis forces. When the fluid flow is increased, the
damping increases to such an extent that the natural vibrations of the system become
impossible, and the system is only capable of aperiodic motion. c) The logorithmic i_
ACC NR. AT6028�45
decrement increased in proportion to the fluid flow., Orig. art. has: 3 figures and
20 formulas.
SUB CODE: 21/ SUBM DATE: 2lApr66/ ORIG'REF: 002/ OTH REF: 001
i-Card 2 2
,,ACCESSION NR: AP4040969 8/0147/641000/00Z(002710033
AUTHOR: Kovreveldy, A. P.
TITLE: Oscillations of an antootropic plate under a movable continuously distributed load
-SOURCE: IVUZ. Aviatslonnaya tekhnika, 0. 2, 1964, 27-33
TOPIC TAGS: plate, antsotropic plate, uniform load, sandwich plate, plate oscillation,
movable load, continuously distributed load, elastic body, orthotropic plate
ABSTRACT: The problem of the oscillations of elastic bodies as a mass flow moves
over their surface Is encountered in the study of various radiator,, systems and also when
considering' the oscillations of certain other bodies having a cooling liquid between the
walls. In the present article, the author has investigated the free oscillations of ortho-
tropic plates supporting a mass flow, uniformly distributed over the surface. Frictional
forces between 'the flow and the plate are assumed to be absent. The flow trajectory re-
peats the fie2donal form of the plate oscillations. Des.0-wise, this arrangement may be
realized by passing a flow or stream of liquid between the layers of a sandwich plate with a
corrugated fillor. In a certain frequency range, the sandwich plate may be replaced by a
1/3
3rd
- - ------------
ACCESSION NR: AP4040969
single-layer orthotropic plate, equivalent to It in the sense of flexional rigidity; however,
the problems involved In a reduction of this sort are not taken up in the present paper.
This article represents an extension of the well-known problem of free oscillations of
pipelines to the oscillations of plates. On the basis of his investigations, the author has
concluded that: 1. The effect of the mass flow on the dimensionless eigenfrequdncles of
the plate is determined by two parameters ii and k. Since k depends on the ratio of the
masses of the liquid and plate (i.e., is an invariable factor for a given structural design),
all further conclusions must pertain only to the variation of the parameter p. 2. The
eigenfrequency of plates which do not have free edges In a direction transverse to the flow
decreases as the parameterju increases. 'With respect to plates with a free edge it
should be noted that experiments studying the free oscillations of pipelines have establish&.
that the eigenfrequenotes of cantilever pipelines do not change (within the accuracy limits
of the experiment) when the velocity of the liquid flowing In them is increased, despite the'
theoretically predicted fall In eigenfrequency. . Thus, for plates also (that is, those
having a free edge), no perceptible change in elgenfrequency as the flow rate is increased
should be expected. In any ev t, the author admits that this conclusion requires experi-
mental confirmation.. 8. 7he mass flow exerts. a damping action on the oscillations of
2/3
2M
NR: AP4040969
plates having a free edge in a direction transverse to the flow. The damping value in-
creases with the parameter p. Having attained a certain value of A, the damping increases
to such a degree that free oscillations become impossible (the frequency becomes zero). As.
~
I experiments with cantilever-fixed pipelines have demonstrated, the transition from periodic 1
movement of the tube to aperiodic (movement at zero frequenoy), as the flow rate Is increased
occurs while the eigenfrequency of the system oscillations remains unchanged. The author
notes that an analogous phenomenon occurs in plates. If there is no free edge in the plate,
there is no damping of the oscillations` 4. A constant mass flo-kcan result in a plate
stability loss. Using the terminology of V. V. Bolatin (V. V. Bolotin. Nekonservativny*ye
zadachi teorff uprugoy ustoychivosti. Flzmatgiz, 1961), this I stability loss for plates
t7:- ility loss of the Ifetatic"
with a free edge to of the "oscillatory" class. In other plates al
type takes place. The boundaries of the stability regions are ogtablished by applying the
Gurvitz method to the charyteristic e 0 for ft.' - B
?."on ~P+Vl ,~,
G,,qnr + (C"811 + 1IB22) 11 22 +nail -
,~.LIA B +A B -A 8 -A
U11-1
OrIg. art.. has: 22) form as, figures and'i le.----
ASSOCIATION: 'none
SUBMITTED: 30603 ENCL: 00
SUB CODEt AS
-card-3/3--
NO REF SOV: 005
OTHER- 001
KOVREVSKIY, A.P., inzh.
- ._
Experimental and theoretical investigation of the natural
oscillation of pipes containing a flowing fluid. Izv.vys.ucheb.
zav.; energ. 7 no. 4:89-94 Ap 164. (MIRA 17:5)
I., vilial Instituta mekhaniki All UkrSSSR. Predstavlena
uchenym sovetom laboratorii gidravlichoski~-h mashin.
KOVREVSKIY A.P.
-, -
Vibration of' sandwich plates witi; a rigid orthotropic filler. Trudy
Lab.gIdr.mavh.AN USSR no.lD40-48 164. (MIRA 17:10)
K ~, .N.!r /-,-, I C -/--I I/ V.
I
GULI, V.Y*.-, IMUTSTSKAYA$ G*P.1 KOTRIGA, Y.T,
Inveatigati ' the moOZ =am7o the rupture of vuleanizates. Much.
ng
i.rea. 16 uo,12:1-7 D 157. (MIRA 110)
1. Hodkovokly inatitut tonkoy khimichookoy tokhnologii im. VV.
Ionononova.
(Rubber--Tooting) (Deformations (Mechanics))
5/490/60/002/0- ~10-14/027
B 0041/B 0 60
AUTHORSi Gull, V. Ye, Kovriga, V. V . Yereml-na, Y-e. G.
TITLF~ S~udy of the Characte-risti-.s ;-f St alt i 'A i-y of
High Rates of Deformation
PERIODICAL: Vysokomolekulyarnyy~, soy--~dineniya *0,60. Vl~!
pp,, !616 - 1619
TEXT~ The authc-rs wanted to subject polymers to mechani--al
conditions g-ving rise to anomalies in cozpariscn 'he norm-a] !~--~ha-zior
nf ~5olid bodigs. For this purpose they worked oiut a dyrnamcme-r p~rin,tt~ng
ieformation rates of from 470,000 to 2-7,00,000 mm/min; the temperat'.ir!z ~~f
the dynamometer was kept constant by a thermostat. The -curve "st--?93 as a
function of time" was recorded by meanc ~f _an MfO-P~(MPO-2) !,-~p
osc~illos,:ope, Thf~ best temperatures r g-i -E,-,?FW--!eH- a0 ancIL 100'-C.
a - 1 u
Sp~?cimens of nonfilled CKH SKN--26)3rubb=r
-26 polyethy ene~(mo,--ular
weight 18~' 000 - 25~000) and examtned The curves -:obtained
wc-rp r-coxistructed into lldpformation ai~ a function o.f stress", and the
following was determined from them: i) breaking stress a b~ 2) the relativ-
Card 1/i
Study of the Characteristics of Stability of S/190/60/002/0!'/004/027
Polymers at High Rates of Deformation B004/BO60 -
pr-~I~,ngatllnn on rupture, 3) timo of rupture i b and 4) ttvq deformlalt.,)n work
(calculated from the area of the curv--? "deformat-ion a.-, a function of
s--ss") Anomalies were observed at d~formati~,n rateB between 470,000 and
2,700-000 mm/min. The nonmonotonic chang-,? af a..., of thin relat,-ve prolonga-
ti,,n, and of th -had a likewise nonmonotoni- rhang;~ of the deforma~:ion work
as a result. Maxima between 0 - 20 0C and minima betwe,~-,n .20 e) and ~100 cC
-w-!r;a rbserved with the SKN-26 -vul,~anizate,. With rising -temperature- thz,
leforma'ion currps shifted toward high-ir temp-aturos, A ccmpar~s3n CA'
POIYMeT~- based on measurements madp at dIfferent temp-~,raturee, may ~-eai to
,h~ wrong ~on:~Inaions due to intersect",~n of these curves.. As c,)nt-asting
value of k2.-17
Th~rpwith, an almost constant '~O "),10 A-r polyethylene, and
of (4-0~0,1)"10 4 for polyamide was found for the ratio a m /T b.' where amis
the m,,7an value of stress. For SKN,, however, the ratio fluct.uatlei between
7'~103 and 4.103, There are 3 figures, 1 table. and 'I Soviet refArence.
Card 2/3
Study of the Characteristics of Stability of S/190/60/002/011/004/027
Polymers at High Rates of Deformation B004/BO6O
ASSOCIATION: Moskovskiy institut tonkoy khimicheskoy tekhnologii.
M, V., Lomonosova (Moscow Institute of Fine Chemical
Technology imeni M. V,, Lomonosov)
SUBMITTED:. April 7, 1960
t/
Card 3/73
B004/BO64
AUTHORSt Gull, V. Ye., Kovriga, V. V. and Kamenskiy, A. N-~
TITLE: Study of the Spontaneous Contraction of Polymers '174ith
Fully Developed Spatial Structure in the Course of Tearing
PERIODICALs Doklady Akademii nauk SSSR, 1960, Vol. 133, Not, 6,
pp. 1364-1367
TEXT: The authors wanted to determine the relaxation properties of
samples subject to tearing on the basis of the velocity of their
spontaneous contrAction. The tearing of non-filled vulcanizates from
r_KH-18_JjKE-18)\')CRA-26 (SKN-26), and r-KH-40 (SKIT-40) rubber with
different percentage of nitrile groups, but the same degree of interlacing
was studied with a time-lapse camera r-KC.-I (SKS-1)., Two kinds of
samples were used: Samples No. 1 had the dimensions 60)( 50x 1 mm, and
had a 1 or 2.5 mm deep groove on the longer side. Samples No. 2 were
small stripes (60xioxi mm). In samples No. I the rate of contraction
was measured of the rest being torn only at the end of the experiment,
whereas in samples No. 2 the entire sample was torn after a certain
S/020/60/133/006/010/'016
Card 1/3
Study of the Spontaneous Contraction of S/020/6()/133/OC)6/C)10/016
Polymers With Fully Developed Spatial Structure 'B004/BO64
in the Course of Tearing
expansion had been reached, and the contraction of the line of tear was
measured, Fig. 1 shows the rate v B.C. of spontaneous contraction as a
function of time at a deformationOrate 100 mm//Min. v0 was obtained as
characteristic value for the relaxation properties of the material by
extrapolating for t = 0. Fig. 2 shows values of v. as a function of the
rate of deformation vdef- vo increases less and less with increasing
vdef- Fig. 3 shows vo as a function of the expansion E. The groove at
the edge of samples No. 1 leads to a steep rise of v.., Table 1 gives the
values of v 0 at vdef ' 500 mm/min, t def - 0.2 min, as well as the ratio
t of the additional orientation of the material. t = E pA (Ep = expansion
of sample No. 2 until tearing, E = expansion of sample No. I with equal
vsoc, ). vS.C. increases with rising polarity (higher number of nitrile
groups ), whereas 1~ decreases. There are 3 figures, 1 table, and 2 Soviet
references,
Card 2/3
Study of the Spontaneous Contraction of S/020J60/133/Q06/O1OI'oi6
Polymers With Fully Developed Spatial Structure B004/Bo64
in the Course of Tearing
ASSOCIATION: Moskovskiy inatitut tonkoy khimicheskoy teklinologii im.
M. V. Lomonosova (Moscow Institute of Fine Chemical
Engineering imeni M. V. Lomonosov)
PRESENTEDt April 6, 1960, by V. A. Kargin, Academician
SUBMITTED: I'larch 21, 1960
Card 3/3
GULIJ, V.Ye.; KOVRIGAP V.V.; VASSERMAN, A.M.
Effect of supermolecular structure on the strength of polypropylene.
Dakl, AN S= 146 no.3:656-658 S 162. ~HIRA 15:10)
1. Moskovskiy institut tonkoy kbimicheakoy takhnologii im. M.V.Lomonosova
i Moakovakiy tekhnologicheskiy inatitut uVasnoy i molochnoy
promyshlennosti. Predetavleno akademikom. R.A.Karginym.
(Propene)
L 03033-67 '3JP(j)/EWT(m)/T 14
IjP(c --L
C NR: AP6023065 SOURCE CODE: UR/0191/66/000/004/0038/0040
AUTHOR. Antonov, S. N,.; Gurman, I. M.; Ybvftga, V. V.; Lus
ORG. none t 36~
TITLE: Electric properties of epoxy resins of different molecular weight
SOURCE: Plasticheskiye massy* noo 4, 1966) 38-40
TOPIC TAGS: epoxy plastic; dielectric property, dielectric loss, molecular weight
ABSTRACT: The authors studied the effect of molecular weight, temperature, and time
of curing on the angle of dielectric losses (tg S ), dielectri~&ermeability ( f- ), and
specific electric volume resistivity (P,,) of epoxy resins ED-5y-ED-6, and-ED-L (see
Table 1), obtained by condensation of diphenylolpropane an-d-op:rchlorohydrin. Dielectr
properties of the noncured resins improved with an increase in molecular weight and
as their curves of tgS - f(t) and E = f(t) shifted toward hi&er temperatures. The
values of dielectric propertie's of pured resins decreased with an increase in molecu-
lar weight. The curing conditions of the epoxy resins affected tgS more than E or rV
Orig. art. has: 5 fig. and 1 table.
UDC: 678.643t4RU-01 :.537,22i
L 03033-67
ACC NR: AP6023065
3
1 2 31
2 3~
9 ,!
0,10 14
.2~13
8 406
7 411 N T 13
C0009 13 C~, 406. /Z..
6 '21407 12 404
4 405 11 Q02
to
Q03 10
3 _W-W-40-20 0 20 i0 60 60 100 140 100
401 91'
-80 -40 0 40 80 NO t,
W~
Figure 1. Dependence of tg 9(1-3),, E (4-6), Figure 2. Dependence of tgg and P,,of t
and Pv (7-9) of the noncured resins on temper- cured resins on curing temperature;
ature; 1, 4, 7-;_ED-5 resin; 2, 5, 8-ED-6 resin; tg% : l-ED-5; 2-ED-L; 3-F~D-6; 4-ED-5;
3, 6, ~.-~EL yesin P, : 5-ED-5; 6-ED-6; 7-ED-L; 8-F.D-5;
1 and 8 were our ed by diethyle netriami
Table 1. Characteristics of epoxy resj~~s and 2. 3, 4o 5, 6. and 7 by maleic an-
Resini Goncn.. T Mol. weightl Melting temp.,q hydride
ED-6 1 16;3 450-550 8-15
F.D-L go 800-1000 40-60
SUB CODEz SUBM DATEs none/ ORIG REF: 005/ OTH REF: 002
KOVRIGA, V.V.
Apparatus for plotting the atreas-deformation curve in one-dimnsional stretching at a
velocity of 25-30 a/see within a wide temperature range.
Report presented at the 13th Conference on High-molecular compoundap
moscows 8-n Oct 62
GULI, V.Te., KOVRIGA., V.V., VA5SERMA?;q A.M.
-C=-~
Effect of supermolecular stractures on the strength of polypropylene.
Report to be presented at the 13th Conference on high-molecular compounds
Moscowt 8-11 Oct 62
L 06343-67 __EW.P(j)19WT(m) IJP(c) RM1WW
ACC NR: AP6030325 SOURCE CODEs UR/0153/66/009/003/M6/o4go
_~ 9
AUTHOR% Cxul's, V. Ye. Kovriga,j,&.j Ro M.; Gromova, N. P.
ORGI Department of Polymer Chemistry and TechnologyA Moscow Technological Institute
of the Meat and Dairy Industr7 (Kafedra Ichimii i tekhnologii polimorovp 14ookovskiy
toMologicheskiy insEitut myasnoy i molochnoy promyshlennosti)
TITLEEt Study of the effect of supermolecular, stngturo~of 130tactic pq.1 ropylens
on its~mochAnical propbrties
SOURCEs IVUZ. Xhimiya i khimicheskaya tokhnologiya, v. 9v no. 3, 1966, 48649o
TOPIC TAGSt polypropylene pla3td= polyner structure, mochanical property
JIBSTRACTI The authors continue the study of tho relationship between the crystal
structure and,machanical proporti stf lypropylone by considering the relationchip
between the strength characteristics (bProaking stress and elongation at rupture) and
the size of spheroid" aggregates in films of isotactic polypropylene. The dynamic
degree of crystallinity of the films was detormined from MIR dataq and found to remain
unaffected by the formation of Bpherulites of various sizes. The strength charaoter-
istics decrease substantially with increasing sphorulits, size. In the presence of
spherulites >_ 165 p in size, brittle failure of the material takes place under the de-
formation conditions employed. Failure along the spherulite boundaries and in the
spherulites themselves is equally probable. The causes of change in the character of
L q9rd
2
UDCt
- - -------- - __ __ -.--
Act Ri, AP66-16195-
the stress-strain relationship for films with various spherulite sizes are ana-
lyzed. Authors express their thanks to I. Ya. Slonim for his assistance in the re-
cording of MiR spectra. Orig. art. has: 6 figures ;7nd i table.
SUB COtEt II/ SUBM DATE9 02Jun64/ ORIG REFt 004
Card 2/2 M
FIMLI. V.H.;KOVRIGIN, A.A.
Transportable X-ray equipment for determining principal stresses
in rails. Zav.lab.21 n0-9:1137 '55. (KLRA 9:1)
I.Kusuatskiy metallurgichookiy kembinat imani I.Y.Stalina.
(X rays--Industrial applications) (Railraads--Rai~y)
KOVRIGIN, A.A.
Using Y~ray structure analysis at the Kuznetsk Metallurgical Combins,
Zav. lab. 24 no.5:653-654 158o, (MM 11:6)
1, TSentralInaya laboratorlya Kumetako'go motallurgiohookoco
kombinata.
(X,rays-Industrial applIcations)
K - and Belo lek&n. A. Re
Segmentation of complex sentences (aerzaan)
V M A 2, Moscow, 1961, 10 p
Paper read at the Moscow Conference on information processing, machine translation,
and automatic text reading, -Tanuary, 1961,
ACCESSION NR: AT4008632
S/3040/63/000/002/0105/0115
AUTHORS: Baluyev, A. N.; Bratchikov, 1. L.; Balina, G. I.; Igolkin,
V. N.1 Kovrigin, A. B.; Marty*nenko, B. K.; Poroshin,.B. S.1 Surln,
S . S
TITLE: Compiling routine for an electronic digital computer using
input language ALGOL
SOURCE: Leningrad. Universitet. Kafedra vy*chislitellnoy matematiki
i vy*chislitellny*y tsentr. Vy*chislitellnaya tekhnika i voprosy*
.,programmirovaniyaL-i no., 2, 1963, 105-115
q TOPIC TAGS: digital computer, digital computer compiler, ALGOL
computer language,Icomputer language, complex algorithm, computer
programming, machine language, binary code computer, computer input i-
language, ALGOL
ABSTRACT: The input language and the-algorithm of the programming
Card. - - 1/2
ACCESSION NR: AT4008632
iprogram developed in the Co utation Center of Leningradskiy Uni-
MP
versitet (Leningrad University), which is an abbreviated and modified
variant of ALGOL-60,,',Is described. -,The laxiguage differs from ALGOL
in~that the program as a whole cohstitutes one block and there are
no"descriptions of types; a separate class of identifiers 'is used
for each class. The operators (particularly the procedure operators):
and the description of the procedures are simplified and standardized.
The input lanq~uage itself and the operating principles of the pro-
graNiming program are described in detail and the algorithm for solv
ing a system of linear algebraic equations of 50th order by the
Gauss method, with choice of the principal element, is used as an
example. Orig. art. has: 28 formulas.
ASSOCIATION: Leningradskiy gosudarstvenny*y universitet (Leningrad
State University)
SUB14ITTED: 1SMay62 DATE ACQ: 23Jan64 ENCL: 00
SUB CODE: CP NO REP SOVt '002 OTHERs QOO
KOVRIGIN, A,B,
Formulation of a motorbus traffic schedule using the "Ural-I"
computer. Vych. tekh. i vop. prog. no.)t97-104 '64.
(MIRA 18:3)
AKHMANOV, S.A.; KOVRIGIN, A.I.; KHOKHLOV, R.V.; CIIUNAYFV, O.N.
Length of coherent interaction of light waves in a nonlinear
medium. Ztiur. ekop. i teor. fiz. 45 no.5:1336-1343 N 163.
(MIRA 17:1)
1. Moskovskiy gOBudarstvennyy universitet.
R-OVIZIGIIJI
MIME
A,7.
USSR/Gcnoral and Spocializod Z00103,r. Ini3octr,. Biology p
and ~Ooolo,5y
Abs Jour : Rc~f Zhur - Bioi., -.-~Io 11, 1953, No 49500
Author I Kovrir,, in A. 1.
Inst CI-orno::Alt-a-y-RI-ly 3tato PDdar~o,-6ical Instituto.
Titlo Tho *Ycolo3y of Bugs of tho Gc~aus IL'.ruYdc;n,, Lap.
OriG Pub Uch.zap, Gorno-Alta-jBkiy gos. p~-d. lii--t, 1956,
v.-,Ip. 1, 147-167
Abstract Tho, study of tbo bugs of tho p,,~nus Diirydcma
carriod out in tho Transearpathian roSion hi
19.49-1953. Tha importanco of wild plants of
thomustard family and othcr i,;--,:,ds on vir~;in soils
and wasto lands for -2--odik, the bu,3s duriiiG tho
activo phasc,3 of thoir li-j'a was dotorminod. Data
about th-- foolaincs coancetions, of tho rapo, calb-
balso and docoratc;d bu3s b--ar tostiniony to the
fae-~ Lhat tho -,~Onus as a wholo is polyphn.-ous.
Pr.,,forrhv~ the cultivat~;d iiiustardl plants 'to th,:
Card 1/2
TJP('O) Wo
-V 24~0346 F9D/
mT
rc 720
i~FC-NRt,:AP6014614 SOURCE CODE.- AW0861661003) 09103
AUTHdR . Akb3nan -A. Kovrikin, .:A. J." Nolosm V,. A.; Piskarskas LA~ S.
S
xhokhlovp~ R-~
Fa eyev,
UniverBLV (Fizicheckly fakulf
90audarstv
ennogo-
m1yersiteta)
tiTtEt. Tumble Parametric IAIM~Senera or th~ W.crystal
~~:SWRCE: Zhurnal. eksjer1vieiAaVn0.Mr f teoretipbeskoy Mild. ris1ma v redaktsiyu.
A',,A1ozheniye :v. 3,~,no*::q
372i-374,',
-fr
TOPIC TAN: laser'r t6a d.,_ parametricconverter, parametric amplifier., equency
controal
~.AWTRACT: The, autbors:present in this comniunieati6n,the resultB'of an experimental
'AIN has led to' t1he. donstructi of,a continuous2y tunable.parametric
-estigatlo~that on
generator of coherent light: iriv~S~3 in the ion - of X ci I ji, using a KDP.crystal.
reg
was
ContAnuou Uning r the 'w~eiength. effected mecbanical3l in a band from 9575,1
to 11775 an e oscillati
d tho qn-power,xe4clied 4everal kilowatts. The frequency is.
linear c r(Fig. 1)., Such a
tuned by', rotaiting a fioii rystal 1111,aii qy~ical..resonato
dth
scheme has -,mnde It posilble ~idt oyiV to ~construct a. generator with larger bandwi
thanlhitMrto.-but also,~to,attalnZbatter rwoducib t 'of the generated frequen-
cies. The pwV produced 'coherent oscMatidhs ~ at 0.53 % (second harmonic of I las
3+ 'i er
with lid tbo maximum pump power In the unfociused beam reached 30- -35 lulce-, t,%,e
pump yUloe duration vas 2 --:k 9-sec and the beam divergence vas,--71-81,.,vith~the-
Card 1/2
777-7-_
T.~
2:ACC: WRs:.::AP5O2
Coo: uR/o386/ P02
6099- 65 /005/022
IV 9 5' t77-
JVA ,S-~~ *4
j . Akhmanov- S.: A7. ovr,il&- A
AUTHOR I.' -A S ;.Khokhlov, R V
..Y
MOSCOW StitiAkiiveialty, ii- Mi- _V (Mosk6vekiy gosudarstveAW
v-
T117W: Generation of ultrsviolet, i'iditiXy:-using -cascade, frequen6y conversion
6a ekipiklm6nia -te,dreticbeskoy, fiziki. Pisliuma v redakislyu.-
&&*E: Zhurn noy, i,
i1 .heniye -iv 2 -22
Pr oz no. i 3.96 3-22T.- j
TOPIC, TAGS: -nonlineix optics,- laser frequency conversionj harmonic generation
81mond A4A4+:-~
WTRACT. Experiments are.. desciibe&.16 which", coherent ~monochromatic radlati6n~vap
generated in+thel~ frequency ~range:.betilre~!'en~0-53 an The power output of the
-A: 0.26 ~ p.
...~uitriviblet-,iiidiation.attain6d:by-.iDascaAe~--.'frequency -conversion of the unfocused radis-1.
-
t, tive. KDP -or AJDP 4as ,
t on:, In. ~ 46 a
a
ucce crystals not less then 3 Mv. The. experimental
-:arrangement .-,.used iz~,' jo A. 4-_ ai ~6oi'a_%-!Swit6hed neodymium las'er
~(Xj -2 U -was n
i ma-long KDP. crystal The
-.p vitba pover:~outp t 41 cident on 3~-6
KDP, crystal vas suf-w
povier.of Ahe second harmonic (X- ii- 0 li P2 fron. the first
2'-
;ficient to produce the fourth bwimwic (X- W 0.26 1j) by doubling the frequency,of ,
4
the, second harmonic, or. the third.~-hirmonic. (A3 - 0.35 1j) by mixing the fundamental
and,the second harmonic-in.the second KDP crystal* A whole series of discrete~speq_
Card. 1/3
ourth..
generation
Mird
bummac-,
gewntl
cm
50 f
s
5~;~ 4 w. Interaction enployed.
0(ft) i + Man) 4 YeOw)
- YCOMY
+
7,04 7800)
0
KOVRIGI!!, A.I.
Damage caused by bugs of the genus Eurydema Lap. to vegetable
crops. Zashch. rast. ot vred. i bol. 6 no.3:56 ~lr 161. (MIRA 15:6)
1. Pedagogicheakiy institut, g. Gorno--Altaysk.
(Gorno-kltai Autonomous Province-Vogetables-Diseases and pests)
(I,;urydema)
KGVRIGIN) A.I.
11
Hop posts. Zaobch. rast. ot vred. i bol. 6 no.8:5.L4
Ag 161. (MIRA 15:22)
1. Gorm).-Alt&yWd-~--pedegogi-eheakiy--imtitut.
(Gorno-Altai AUtonomous Provi=o--*"--;Dd!FW' eio and peaW -
(Gorno-Altai Auton=oun Idjuriow wA benaficial)
KGVRIGIli, A.I.
Geographical distribution and significance of hempterons in
yy Altai. Izv. Alt. ol.d. Geog. ob-va
some regions of the Gorn-
SSSR no.5:161-163 165. IRA 18:122)
1. Gorno--,tkltayskiy podagogicheakiy Institut.
KOVRIGIN, A.V.
Veterinary service in Moscow. Yeterinarlia 33 no.8:10-15 Ag 156.
(MIaA 9:9)
l.Nachallnik vaterinarnogo otdela ispolkoma Moogorsoveta.
(Moscow Province--Veterinary medicine)
KOVRIG -Aj,
City veterinary services. Gor.khoz.Mosk. 36 no.2:28-29
F 162. (MIRA 16:2)
1. ZaveduyuBhohiy Moskovskim gorodskim veterinarnym
otdelom.
(Moscow-Veterinary medicine)
KOVRIGIN. A.V.- VIZIROV, B.H.; VOLsOVA, F.M.
Par-atypho`3 diseases. Ve,erijnarIia 41 rc.803-31, Ag t6Z.
(MIRA 18
j. Zave-duyushchly Veterixarn)m vt-ielcm Ispolnit-iltnogo k,)MJ-teta
Miskovskogc; gorodskogo Sovat-a deputatcv tzludyashchikhsya (f':,r
Kn-ri-g-In"I. 2. 'Otarshiy ve1-,-rLnarnyy vrach Vetrinarnogo
otdela 11'spcllnlltellrogt~ Rnimiteta Moskovskop gorodskogo Sove.,ta
depatatov trudyashchiklisy-a (for Vlzirov). 3. Zaveduyushchaya
r-Wel= McsRovskoy veterimmay laboratorii
(for Volk,,-Va.".
AUTHORS. -X&yjj:ginp B.S. p Petrzhak, K.A. SOV/ 89-4-6-6/30
TITLE- Irr-7eatigation of tha Sktigtical Distribution of Events of
Spornianemi Flesion of U23 on ths Basis of the Energies of Two
Fission Fxxagmantz (Issledo7i%e statiaticheskogo raspredeleniya
rt
aktoy Pipontarwogo delani.,ya Upo energiyam dvukh oskolkov)
PMODICAL: Atomaya energiyap 1958, Vol 4, Nr 6, pp 547-554 (USSR)
ABSTRAM By mtsare, of an appara-lAw cvnaisting of a double ionIzation cliamber,
2 amplif-lar channelso a ooinoidenoa scheme, and a double-beam
mom,.4ntum-oscillograph the kinetio energy of each of the two fission
fragm!tnta w&-) measur&lo r-amely for 780 0ases of the spontaneous
fiss-ion of U238 ani about 4500 oases of the fission of U235 with
slow nautxorm.
On t1w baAls of thesa data the statistical distribution of the
acts of spontan-ious fission and of fission with slow nautrom over
the sn,.qrgy of tha -;lm fission fragmento waa drawn. Wft~ -.-he aid of
tkela diattibution the following airTes were oonst=cited for both
k:L--.d;3 of fisalorn
Card 1/4 1.) Ener&v apactrum of anfissioxx fragments, both light arghea:Ty.
Investigatim of tha Siai.~+U al DiEft-lb-al"on of Ev-antp~- SO V/ 89-4-6-6130
of U239 i~
of Sponts-wrouz Fiq3im on the Basis of the
Energioa of Two fta,,O.on Pgagwrtq
2.) of the acts of fission o7er the total kinitio
energy of both m3lear fmgment-s.
mhO~A al.14,rilmution of fission fragmanta.
Depealtneo of th.-, -U'-otal kiw~tiz en-trgy of both fission fra&-
mrr%,55 on the wm xutio of fission fragmsnta.
DaperAenni of thi kimitic energy- of light and heavy fragments
on th,,~ total ktn,,~Ua energy.
For 1,,ot'a 30--;0E4 of flti5ion the x-eapeotive ourms take th,~% sam-i
wlrl-uti~.
Th,~t fol"%-Cwltmg ami !-M charaotei~i.-~.Uzz properties of the fission
spA, cOzZA's
Card 2/4
Iiweatigation of the SUtistiVO. Diatriburtion of Events
of Spontarmsmi Flession of U23d on the 'Damts of the
Energiw, of Two Fizalon, F;,q~&MA
Spontwtows fission I
SOV/89-4..6-6/30
Fission with slow
Light Heavy Light Heavy
fMP_W~A fM44entsi fragmenta f ragwnt a
Mos t pwkabla
energy in MeV 90-0:tO-3 54.4iO - 4 92-3tQ-12 56.6+0.15
HO-11, wiath of
peak in MeV 17.5 21.1 19.2 23.5
R&tl.o of most p=b-
able entrgiiw i.6 1.63
Ratio bitwesp- the.
pe&k of light arA that
of h,4a-,v fmgminta 1.13 1.15
Ratio between thst
of the saai,.4
sqep-ava-kir4 the peAs
~A, of th-s
arb bmIr,
peak of light, fission
C arZi 3/4 0-33 0.42
Investigation ot th~, Statihti-~al Distvibution of Events SOV/ 89,,4-6-6/30
of Spontanouaii F1,qB,,,Izxx cf U238 oA the BaAim of the
Emrgiea of Two FmagmmW
The-,vc-3 Aixm% 7 1 Ubl.-3 and 16 raf eranc"
SUBMITTED-, 1957
1. Fission fragments--Energy 2. SLatistical analysis
---Applications 3. U-1-anhun isotopes (Radioactive) ---Fission
4. Slow neutron s---Energy
Ca7d 4/1"
21(8)
AUTHORS: Kondratlko, M. ya.~ SOVI-6-36-1-40'162
Petrzbak, K. A.
TITLE: The Energy Spectrum of the Fragments of the Photofission of
U238 (Energeticheskiy spektr oskolkov fotodelen-4ya U 238)
PERIODICAL: Zhurnal eksperimentallnoy i teoreticheskoy fiziki, 1959,
1
Vol 36, Nr 1, PP 315-317 (USSR)
ABSTRACT: In the present paper the energy spectrum mentioned in the
title is determined at a maximum energy of 12.5 Me-v of the
betatron r-radiation. The apparatus used for measuring the
kinetic energy of the fragments of photofission consisted of
a differential pulse-ionization chamber, an amplifier channel,
and an electron pulse osoillograph with photorecording. The
axis of the ionization chamber in operational position formed
an angle of 150 with the axis of the beam. A diagram shows the
energy spectrum of the fragments of the photofission of
U238 at a maximum energy of 12.5 Mev of betatron bremsstrahlung.
By means of the same apparatus and on the same preparation
also the energy distribution of the fragments of the fission of
Card 1/3
The Energy Spectrum of the Fragments of thq SOV/56-36-1-46/62
Photofission of U238
U235 by slow neutrons was determined. Als-, th.-'Le distribution
is shown by the aforementioned diagram. The spectrum of the
photofission fragments has the most probable energies
55-1 + 1 and (86.9 � 1) Mev for th,~ groupfi of heavy and light
fragm-ents. if th* absorption in the layer of this preparation
is taken into account, these two values inorease by about
5 Mev. Tho two spectra differ mainly by the ratio between the
height of the "trough" between the two maxima and the height
of the peak of-the light fragments. In the spectrum of
phot-ofission it is 0.60, and ir. the spectrum of spontaneous
fission it is 0-3'11. This differencs may be dua to the stronger
excitation of the nucleus J.n pho-~Iofi-ssion and also to the
superposition of fluctuations of th~? compensated
- background. In spite of the considerable excitation energy,
no essential increase of the most probable. energies of fragments
and of the kinetic energy in photofission compared to
spontaneous fission was observed. The peaks of the photofission
spectrum are somewhat more close to one another than the
Card 2/3 corresponding peaks of the spe.-,t--'IM of spontaneous fission.
The Energy Spectrum of the Fragments of the SOV/56-36-1-46/62
Photofission of U238
There are 2 figures, and 3 referencas, 2 of which are Soviet.
ASSOCIATION: Leningradskiy tekhnologicheskiy institut (Leningrad
Technological Institute)
SUBMITTED3 June 24, 1958
Card 3/3
33662
0
AUTHORS:
TITLE-
PERIODICAL-
S/058/61/&W/01-2/0I6 /06-3
A058/AIO!
Kovrigin, B.S., Petrzhak, K.A.
Production of thin free films containing uranium or thorlwrr.-
Referativnyy zhurnal. Fizika, no. 12, 1961, 74, abstrac+ (T-,
I-enin-3r. tekhnol. in-ta im. T-ensoveta, 1961, no. 55. 23 - 27)
TEXT; There was worked out a technique for producing thin free con-
taining uranium or thorium by cathode spraying a cellulose nitrate backing with
its subsequent dissolution. More than 20 films were prepared, each w:Lth surface
density 0-.1-0.2 mg/cm2 and working area 60 cm2. The uranium films contained ' '70%
U308, and the thorJum films contained 40% thorium and ThO2. Comparison of 0(_..
particle-spectra ar.d uranium fission fragments from both sides of films showed
that impurities (organic matter and moisture) are distributed throughout. fIlm
thickness2and that the backing side has a residual layer with surface den5l.ty
0.01 mg/cm .
[Abstracter's note: Complete translation]
Card 1/1
KOVRIGINA, Ye.K.; KOVRIGIN, F P
Stratigraphy of the Pro-Cambrian of the western slope of the
Yonioey Ridge in the Varkhnyaya and Nizhnyaya Surnikha,
Stolbovgya, and Iiakovka Basins. Inform.sbor.VSEGEI no.40:3-15
160. (MIFU 14:12)
(Yonisey Ridge--Geology., Stratigraphic)
KOVRIGIN.
Reducing expenditures per one kilemi,ter of guarazteed-depth
waterway. Rach.transp*14 no.12123-24 Je 155. (MA 919)
1.Nachallnik izyokatellako-ruslovoy partil Ryazanskogo tekhni-
cheakoge uchaetka,
(Waterways) (Dredging),
P3MOV, Sergey Mikhaylovioh;-JQY4~qM,,..Kikhail-Grigor.!yovicj~,- SHATIIDV, A.L.
in2h., retsenzent; MOTORM. V.L. kand. tekhn. nauk, red.;
MATUYWAl, Ye*No# tektm, red,
8
[Small capacity diesels] Dizeli Ch 8-5 malomoshchnyo. Moskva,
"-11 11
Goo. nauchno-tekhn. izd-vo mashinostroit. lit-ry, 1958. 269 p.
(Diesel engines) (MIR& 11:8)
e6 C: ( N PHASE I BOOK E~PLOITATION
Nauchno-tekhnicheskoye obshchestvo priborostroitel Inoy promyshlen-
J
nosti. Ukrainskoye respublikanskoye pravleniye
Novy'~e-metody kontrolya i defektoskopii v mashinostroyenii i pri-
borostroyenii [doklady Respublikanskoy konferentsiil.(New Methods
of Inspection and Flaw Detection in the Machinery and Instrument-
manufacturing Industries [Reports of the Conference Held at Kiyev,
19561) Kiyev, Gostekhizdat USSR, 1958. 264 p. 4.,700 copies printed.
Sponsoring Agency: Akademiya nauk USSR.
Ed.: A. Amelin; Tech. Ed.: P. Patsalyuk; Editorial Board: I.I.
Greben'.. B.D. Grozin, A.Z. Zhmudskiy, G.N. Savin (Resp. Ed.), I.D.
Faynerman (Dep. Resp. Ed.), and A.A. Shishlovskiy.
PURPOSE: This book is intended for engineers, scientific workers, and
technicians dealing with problems of inspection and flaw detection.
COVERAGE: This is a collection of scientific papers presented at a
Card 1/1~
Methods of Inspection (Cont.) SOV/2555
conference sponsored by the Academy of Sciences, UkrSSR, and ""'he
Nauchno-tekhnicheskoye obshchestvo priborostroitellnoy promysh-len-
nosti, Ukrainskoye pravleniye (Ukrainian Branch, Scientific and
Technical Society of the Instrument-manufacturing Industry). The
papers deal with modern methods of inspection and flaw detection
used in the machinery- and instrument-manufacturing industi:-ies.
The subjects discussed include the use of electron microscopes
in the investigation of metal surfaces; X-ray, gamma-ray, lumines-
cense, magnetic, and ultrasonic methods of flaN detection; use of
radioactive isotopes; X-ray diffraction methods of metal analysis;
and the use of interferometers for measuring length and thickness
and determining the coefficient of linear thermal expansion. No
personalities are mentioned. References follow several of the
papers.
TABLE OF CONTENTS:
Introduction
3
Semirog-Orlik, V.N.1 Candidate of Technical Sciences, Institut
stroitellnoy mekhaniki ANYSSR, Kiyev (Kiyev Institute of Structural
Mechanics, Academy of Sciences, UkrSSR). Use of Electron Microscopy
of Surface Layers of Metal 5
Card 2/.5
.7.3~
New Methods of Inspection (Cont.) SOV/2555
Arkhangel'skiy, A.A.) Engineer, I.V. Voro~-Iyev, Engineer,.O-D,.,,
Kovrien, Engineer, and G.D. Latyshev, Leningradskiy institut
In-zhp,nerov zheleznodorozhnogo transporta (Leningrad Railroad
Engineers Institute). Pulse-counting Method of Gamma-ray Flaw
Detection 18
Bogdanov, V.I., Candidate of Technical Sciences, Novocherkasskiy
politekhnicheskiy institut (Novochericassk Polytechnical Institute).
Selection of Radioactive Sources for Measuring Equ,ipment 25
Movchan, B.A,..,Candidate of Technical Sciences, Institut elek-
trosvarki imeni.Ye.o. Patona, Kiyev (Kiyev Electric Welding ~n-
stiti)-te imeni Ye.O. Paton). Use of Radioactive Isotopes in the
Detection of Flaws in Welds 41
Zhmudskiy, A.Z., Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor, Gosuni-
versitet imeni Shevchenko,, Kiyev,(Kiye,v State University imeni
Shevchenko). X-ray Diffraction Method of Inspecting Finished
Parts 50
Card 3A
KOVRIGIN, O.D.: LATYSHEV, G.D.
Measurement and stabilization of the magnetic field of the beta-
spectrometer with double focusing by using a magnetic modu-
lation probe. Inzb.-fis.zhur. no-11:92-97 N '58.
(MIRA 12:1)
1. Institut inzhonerov cheleznodorozhnogo transporta, g.
Leningrad.
NW,netic fields)