SCIENTIFIC ABSTRACT LAVRUKHINA, A.K. - LAVRUKHINA, A.K.

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• Publication Date: December 31, 1967
• Content Type: SCIENTIFIC ABSTRACT

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SUBJECT Y ICS CARD 1 2 PA - 1604
US'SR PJA
AUTHOR PAVLdkA SF.I., LAVRUCHINA,A.K.
TITLE The loot pe Composition of Rare Earth Elements which were Created
on the Occasion of the Fission of Uranium-, Thorium-1 and Bismuth
Nuclei by 680 MeV Protons.
PERIODICAL Atomnaja Energija, 1, fasc.5, 115-123 (1956)
Issued: I / 1957
The present work deals with the results obtained on the occasion of the radio-
chemical investigation of the isotope composition mentioned above which was
carried out in 1954- Hereby particularly the influence exercised by the concen-
tration of the complex-forming reagent and the pH-value of the solution upon the
degree of efficiency of the separation of the rare earths was studied. On the
occasion of the separation of the totality of rare earths from the products of
the bombardment of uranium, thorium, and bismuth by 680 1eV protons, cerium
served as a carrier. The authors allow themselves to be guided by the follow-
ing considerations: The radioisotopes of the various rare earths behave on the
occasion of the precipitation of cerium hydroxide, cerium oxalate and cerium
fluoride like cerium. The main quantity of cerium can easily be separated from
the other rare earths by the oxidation of cerium up to the quadrivalent state
with following extraction by diethylether. For separation an ion-exchange Coll-
with a diameter of 0,3 cm and a height of 55 cm was used.
Conclusions: The influence exercised by the nature of the complex-forming reagents
(ammonium -acetate, -citrate, -oxalate, and -lactate) of the pH-value of the

1tomnaja Energijapl, fase-5, 115-123 (1956) CARD 2 / 2 PA - 1804
washing-out solutions and of the rare earth elements upon their degree of separ-
'ation was investigated. The most effective separation is obtained by washing-out
with a 3,6% ammonium lactate solution at pH - 3,4. The isotope parts and the
yields of the P-active isotopes of the rare earths on the occasion of the fission
mentioned in the heading is determined. The results of the chromatographic
separation of these isotopes are shown in form of diagrams. Comparison of the re-
sults obtained here with those of other authors permits the conclusion that the
yield of the P-active isotopes of rare earth elements (which were created on the
occasion of uranium fissioning) does not change when the proton energy is in-
creased from 340 to 680 MeV. There is much to indicate the creation of a hitherto
unknown samarium isotope Sm141 with T - 20 days. In order to obtain complete data
on the fissioning processes, further investigations must be carried out. In this
connectiong attention must be concentrated on the evaluation of the yield of the
isotopes decaying by electron capture.
INSTITUTION:

Name: LAVRUKHINA, Avgusta Konstantinovna
I-----------
Dissertation: Radiochemical study of nuclear trans-
formations produced by high-energy
particles
Degree: Doe Chem Sci
Affiliation; CNot indicateg
Defense Date, Place: 20 Dee 55, Council of Geochemistry and
Analytic Chemistry imeni Vernadakiy,
Acad Sci USSR
Certification Date: 9 Mar 57
Source: BWO 13/57

IAVRUK93NA, A. K. and RODIN. S. S.
"Investigated the co-precipitation of franpir vith different sediments
by the short-lived radioactive isotope F 0"
report presented at The Use of Radioactive Isotopes in Analytical
Chemdutry,'Conference in Moscow, 2-4 Dee 1957
yestnik buk 55SR. 1958, No. 2. (author Rodin. S. S.)

LAVAMaM. A. K.
%Z.
'Some peculiarities of radiochemical analysis."
report preBented at The Use of Radioactive Isotopes in Analytical
Chemiatry, Conference in Moscow, 2-4 Dec 1957
Vestnik Ak INsiuk SSSR, 1958. No. 2. (author Rodin. S. S.)

N-1 i

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Studieti a', partial and full pptr,. af the metal. The propor-
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q-,art t% -,f pp~n ni,tal -lc below appi~%- 20%.
B--~ q; [ , ~ .:.. eXPIS it is conrluded that
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quired for pptn . 1)~ th-n! mctrJ and tht isame form micelles
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of isotope bydroxidels indicative of the extent of mpptu. for
the givezi tielnents when the meml is not completely pptd.
U 06 1 atiu j.~ & Za--4G% -W ihe.meW will Am& Aovin 80% of

KUTHOR: LAVRUCHIIIA,A.K., KRASAVIIIA,L.D. PA - 2193
TITLE: Fission--of -nuclei of heavy elements by means of high energy
particles. (Russian) I
PERIODICAL: Atomnaia Energiia, 1957, Vol 2, Nr 1, pp 27 - 35
Received: 3 / 1957 Reviewed: 4 / 1957
'415STRACT: The present paper deals with radio-chemical investigations of the
fission of uranium- thorium-, and bismuth nuclei by means of
680 MeY protons. By means of the interpolation method a complete
picture of the fission fragments was obtained.
The interaction of the high energy particles (,100 - 700 !AeV) with
compound nuclei takes place in two stages: a) The knocking out of
fast particles during the collision of the impinging particles with
the nucleus. b) The following emission of slow particles from the
excited nucleus by evaporation. During these processes the initial
Lclei lose a number of nucleons and new nuclei are created, the
so-called fission products. They extend over a wide interval of
atomic weights, beginning from neighbors of the irradiated elements
up to very remote elements. Also during the second stage a fission
process !-,.ay take place. fn order to obtain a complete picture of
the fission products of U, Th, and Bi by 480 j""eV protons, the yields
of the stable and non-identified radioactive isotopes were determined
from the radio-chemical data obtained by VINOGRADOV et al. (Session
Card 1/3

PA - 2193
Fission of nuclei of heavy elements by means of high energy particles.
M
of the Academy of Science on the peaceful uses of atomic energy, de-
partment for chemical science, page 97 (1055)). 1 diagram illustrates
for instance IT the isotopes created on the occasion of the creation
of uranium. he data obtained here result in the following con-
clusions: On the occasion of the fission of U, Th, and Bi by means of
460 MeV protons, isotopes with surplus neutrons are above all pro-
duced. The share of isotopes with a lack of neutrons is insignificant
in the-case of this proton energy. (The isotopes with a maximum
yield are within the range of the isotopes with a neutron surplus and
the heavy fission fragments are within the ran3e of nuclear stability)
The total fission cross-sections of U and of Th are large, amounting
to 55 and 60 % of the geometric crose-section of these nuclei. Ihe
fission cross-section of bismuth is 5 % of the geometric cross-sec-
tion. The probability of the geometric and.similar fissions is
greatest with bismuth (45 % of the amoun't.,of the total fission cross-
section). With U and Th this share J-8 somewhat smaller. Finally the
distribution of the charge over the fission fragments is discussed.
All data and considerations figuring in this tend to show that the
fission of U and Th nuclei cannot possibly be explained by pure
Card 2/3 emission mechanism. This fission is much more likely to be caused

I PA - 2193
Fission of nuclei of heavy elements by means of high energy
particles,.
according to a mixed barrier- and emission mechanism.
ASSOCIATION:Not given
IIRESENTD BY%
SUBMITTED:
.'.IAILABLE: Library of Congress
Card 3/3

AUTHOR LAVRUMINA.A.K., ERASAVINA, L.D., FAVLOTSKAYA., F.I.j. PA - 2722
-bW-HISHCHEVA., IOU.)
TITLE The Spallation of Copper by 68o-MeV Protons.
(Raaahchepleniya iaedi piotonami B enirgiyey 68o MeV - Russian)
PERIODICAL Atomnaia Energiia,, 1957., Vol 2, Nr 4j, pp 345-351, (U.S.S.R.) -
Received 5/1957 Revimed 6/1957
AMTRACT The investigations described in this paper were carried out in 1954
and they aimed at obtaining a complete picture of the products ob-
tained at the spallation mentioned in the title, Furthermore, the in-
fluence of the energy and of the nature of the bombarding particles
uponthe character of the spallation process was to be daterminedg Bew.
dause it is not possible by means of the radiochwdeal investigation
of the producti to identify the stable as well aa long-lived and short-
lived isotopes., their~ields were estimated with the aid of the interpo-
lation method. The investigations were carried out in metallic copper
withvery small admixturea.'For one hour the copper plates were exposed
toradiation of the innerfbundle (protons of 68oMeV) of the synchrocy-
clotron of the Institute for Nuclear Problems, Academy of Sciences of
the U,S.S.R. Then the plates were dissolved in nitric acid, and from
th*olution the radioactive istopes of the different elements were
separated on isoto
.pe carriers. (The following elements were used. Na,
Ps Sp Gl$ Ks Ca, Sc. Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, and Cu).
Some conclusions. The total spallation cross section of copper amounts
Card 1/2 to 0.6.10--2.4 cm4, i.e.65/o of the geometrical cross section. The

The Spallation of Gopper by 68o-Mev Protons. PA, - 2722
main share in the entire production cfoss section of the spallation
products of cobpar is yielded'by the isotope; of Co, Ni and Cu (6o0/0).
If the stability is increased, the y~eld'of the isotopes also increases.
At the spallation of the copper nuclei, protons and neutrons are emitted
in almost equal ratio X./Sp - 1.3 The flying-off of an a-particle is
more probable than the successive emission of four nucleons. At spallati-
ons of copper by particles of high energy ro influence upon the nuclear
structurew&B noticed. If we compare the characteristic particularities
of spallation by protok3 of 68o MeV with the spallation of copper by
different particles of energies ranging from 19oMeV to 2.2 BeV, we also
obtain some conclusions about the influence of the nature and increase
irienerdof the bombarding particles upon the charater of the spallatiop
of copper.
ASSOCIATION
PRESENnM BY
SUBMITTED lo. lo.1956
AVAILABLE
Card 2/2

1AMUCHITIM., A.K. (lavrul&ina, A.K. ),-, KOPECKA, L. Itranslator)
Use of radioactive isotopes in quantitative anal7sie. Jaderna energis
3 noe9.-272-277 S 157.
1. Ustav geochemie a analyticke chemie V.I. Vernadgkeho., Akadenie
ved S,S,S,R,

AUTHORS Lavrukhina A. K.,11o8kaleva L.P., Krasavina L.D., 89-lo-1/36
-Yr-echiehohava I.M. 24 32
TITLE The Forming of Wa and P when High-Energy Protons Enter into
Interaction with omple5,?uclei.
(Obr&zovaniyeNa 4 1 P pri vzaimodeystvii protonov vysokoy en-
ergii so slozhnymi yadrami - Russian)
PERIODICAL Atomnaya Energika,1957, Vol 3, Nr lo, pp 285-29o (U.S.S.R.)
ABSTRACT The forming cross section for Na 24 and P 32 was determined by means
-of radiochemical methods if Cu, La,Au,Th'are bombarded with protons
of from 12o to 66o MeV. The following cross sections were measuredt
Energy of protons in Effective cross section in 1o-29 am2
MeV Cu La- Au Th
Na24 P32 Na24 p32 Na24 p32 Na24 p32
120 O,o9 O,o7 O,o99
22o 0,22 0922 0,3 SPU- 0,59 SPU-
ren ren
34o 1,3 1,8 0,5 Ot73 OP13 003
48o 5,6 24 2 1,4 3,7 10 18 3
66o 25 31 21 - 8,1 2,2 -
SUBMITTED may 31P 195
AVAILABLE Library of Zongress
Card 1/1

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ut j!jt,~qa eiemant3. 'rbu .afiumca a' v&r1ia factora cc Me
uf ral-navian wu isuicbcd tv find the optimura con-
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mom
zlp pfl c;j tkv cjL~ut Lnd the c. - tmtioz of ram earths.
n. drca3 bury. meLhod ~_UowVl rLD to d*Wot radiciaotopes of
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of t~~m The form4iwn of now taotojv mt Bra wltb Wl life'
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niflion Diva kh
LON ~Ieblvvnlwolkl alialize-
U mikbina. 701-c"'I'vitia
LaLmilcolti, v. 21,3, May. IU77.

I-Zlq Iq
SPITSY11, V.I.; MYRUMM, A.Ke doktor khimicbeekikh mauk.
Utilization of atomic euerff In Czacboslovakia. Vest. AN SSSR
81 .1s 157. (MM 10:7)
27 no.6:76.
1. Oblen-korrespondent Akademli nauk SSSR (for Spitsyn).
Ozechoslorakia--Atomic energ7)

LAYRUKRINA, A.K.
Nudlear reactions in nature. Priroda 46 no.3:24-30 Mr
lo Institut geokhimii i analiticheskoy khiril im. V.I.
Akademii nauk SSSR (Moskva)*
(Nuclar reactions) (Radioisotopes)
157.
(MIRA 10:3)
Vernadskogo

"e "Y / ltl,~9
AUTHORS: Sekerskiy, S., Lavrukhina, A. K., 20-1w-15/42
TITLEt Radiochemical Investigation of the Reaction si3o(p,n+)si3l
(Radiokhimicheakoye issledovaniye reaktaii si3o(p,r,+)si3l
PERIODICAL: Doklady AN 855R, 19571 Vol- 117, Nr 1, pp. 61-64 (USSR)
ABSTRACT: Iniatially it is reported on previous papers on the subject. The
present paper thries to ascertain the reaction si3o(p,n+)si31 by
radiochemical method. The isotope Si3l (T=2,65 hours) can even
be amoertained, if its production croau-section is insignificant.
In order to demonstrate the existence of the above reaotion, the
dependence of the crooo-section of the production of si3l on the
energy of the bombarding electrons in the interval between 12o
and 66o MeV was investigated. A 6o to 8o mg weighing target from
spectroscopically pure powdery silicon was wrapped into two
layers of aluminum foil and irradiated by protons of differently
high energy in the interior bundle of the synchrocyclotrone of
the laboratory for nuclear problems of the United Institute for
Nuclear Research (Oblyedinennyy institut yadernykh issledovaniy)
The methodology of the investigations is discussed; The hata here
obtained on the value of asi3l at different proton energies are
here compared in a table. According to these data cfSi3l in the
Card 1/3 area of the proton-energies 12o-22o MeV*is hardly changed at all

Radiochemical Investigation of the Reaction si3o(p,n+)si31. 20-1-15/42
ASSOCIATION:
Card 2/3
but it is highly increase at an increase of this energy to 22o
to 68o MeV. In order to explain this behaviour of aSi3l, the
authors investigate all sorts of reactions of the production of
si3l on the occasion of irradiation of silicon by protons. The
yield of s13l in the fission of admixtures in the silicon can-
not provide an essential contribution to dsi3l. But the reaction
s13o(d,p)5-31 ~oubtlessly takes an important part in the pro-
duction of S13 .,At hilh energies of the bombarding particles the
reaction s13o(p~n+)sj3 joins in the process, in which reaction
energy-rich positiveigiong fly off. The cross-zection of the
reaction si3o(p,n+)s I can provide an estimation of the yield
of pions with the highest energy at the intraction of protons
with'silicon nuclei. The experiment toa2certain the reaction
(p,n+) by the radiochemical method in lage heavy nuclei. (e.g.
germanium and biamuth) had no success. There are 2 figures, 1
table, and 14 references, 7 of which are Slavic.
Institute for Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry imeni V.I.
Vernadaki.y of the AN USSR(Institut geokhimii i analiticheskoy
khimii im.V.I.Vernadskogo Akadeiaii nauk SSSR)
Institute for Nuclear Researche of the Polish AS (Institut
yadernykh isuledovaniy Pollwkoy Akademii nauk)

Radiochemical Investigation of the Reaction Si3o(p,n+)si3l. 20-1-15/42
PRESENTED: JulY 6, 1957f by A. P. Vinogradov, Academician
SUBMITTED; March 5, 1957
AVAILABLE: Library of Congreus
Card 3/3

PRASR I BOOK EXPWITATION SOV/1762
Lavrukhina, Avgusta Konstant-inovna, and Yuriy Alexsandrovich Zolotov
Transuranovyye elementy jTranburanium Elements) Moscow, Izd-vo
AW SSSR, 1958 125 (Series: Akademiya nauk SSSR. Nauchno-
populyarnaya ;eriya)pio,000 copies printed.
Sponsoring-Agency: Akademiya nauk SSSR. Redkollegiyanauchno-
populyarnoy literatury.
Resp. Ed.: P.N. Paley; Ed. of Publishing House: D.N. Trifonov; Tech.
Ed.:. A. P. Guseva ,
PURPOSE: The booklet is intended for the layman interested in nuclear
physics and also for physics students at the high school level.
COVERAGE: The booklet describes the transuranium elements, mainly
the two most Important ones -.plutonium and neptunium, and how they
were added to the Periodic System. In qVmmerized form the author*
relates'the story of their separation and~'defines their properties,
1ne2ndIng-b6me data on their electronic configur4tion. Various
Card 1/4

Transuranium Elements
SOV/1762
methods of.-isolation are presented
,; among them Is the method on
separating the elements from impure solutions, as well as radio-
chemical and radlometrical methods. Nuclear reactions serving as
synthetic sources for the production of transuranium elements are
evaluated in general terms, No detailed description of the
chemistry of such reactions is given. Chapter 6 outline-- the
principles of the chain series and suggests possibilities of
predicting new elements. There are 41 references of which 33 are
Soviet, 5 English, 2 French, and I Qerman.
TABIS OF CONTENTS:
Introduction
3
Ch..I. History of the Discovery of Transuranlibn Elements 5
Significant scientific achievements at the end of the 19th
and the beginning of the 20th century 5
Are there elements heavier than ur4nium? 8
Formation of neptunium and plutonl~m 11
The chain'of discoveries 14
Card 2/ 4

TrIansuranium Elements sov/%762
Ch,~Jj, Preparation of Transuranium Elements 20
NUclear,reactions 20
n6ilwti. ons. slow neutrons 24.
Reactiond with:eharged particles 28
Nablear reactions vdth,nulticharge ions 31
Difficulties with producing super-heavy transuranium elements 33
Naturally-occurring transuranium elements 36
Cho III,,. Methods of Separation and Identification of
Tran=)Mnlum- Elements 4o
Radlochewdoal ~ m6thods 40
CarrIO-Tr6cipitation .42
Ion-exehange chromatography 45
Extraction methods 51
R16ctr6lysls
55
'~-Mtra-microohemistry 56.
Hadiometi-I methods
a
Protection from radiation F2
card 3/4

J-
5(2); 21(5) PHASE I BOOK EXPLOITATION SOV/1,000
Akademiya nauk SSSR. Komissiya po analiticheskoy khimii
Primeneniye radioaktivnykh izotopov v analiticheskoy khimii
(use of Radioact-1ve Isotopes in Analytical Chemistry) Moscow
Izd-vo An SSSR, 1958- 366 p. [Series: Its: Trudy, t. 9 (12)]
Errata slip inse-r-C'ed. 3,000 copies prin-t-eff.
Resp. Ed.: I.P. A-limarin, Corresponding Member, USSR Academy
of Sciences; Ed. of PublishIng House; A.N. Yermakov; Tech.
Ed.: T.V. Polyakova.
PURPOSE: The book is intended for chemists and chemical
engineers concernad with work in analytical chemistry.
COVERA6E: The book is a collection of the principal papers
presented in Moscow at the Second Conference on the Use of
Padioaeti-ve Isotopas. The problems discussed at the
Conference ineluded cc~precipitation, aging, and solubility
Tmitnation of the instability constants
of preciptates, dete-
Card 1/10

Use of Radioactive Iaotopes (Cont.) SOV/1900
of complex compotuids, separation of rare earth metals, and
ion-exchange cbronatography. No pe-roonalities are mentioned.
There are 351 referanre4 175 of which are Soviet, 33 German,
19 French, 8 Swedis-'a, 2 HurZarian, and 2 Czech.
TABLE OF CONTENTS:
Foreword
3
A.K.. So, e Characteristics of Radio-
-14vrukhina,- Art
--c-li6iffe-a-1 Analysis 5
Shvedov, V.P., and L.M. Ivanov. Separation of
Some Short-lived isotopes from Complex Yjix-
tures and Purification of the Isotopes 20
Rudenko, N.P., and 1. Stary. Determination of the
Complex Formation CQnstants of Indium Acetyl
Acetonate by the Extraction Method 28
Card 2/1D

LAVRUKMiA, A. K. AIM PAVLOTSKAYA, F. I. (Inst of Geochemistry and Analytical
Chemistry im V. I. Vernadskiy AS UMR)
"The Chromatographic Method of Separating Promethium From the Fission Products of
Uranium"
Isotopes and Padiation in Memistry, Collection of papers of
24d All-Union Sci. Teeb. Conf. On Use of Re4ioactive and Stable Isotopes and
Radiation in National BaouozW and Seience, Moscov, Izd-vo M SSW, 1958, 38G7p.
Mis VOIMM V-Ub11sbvd the reports of the CbAmistry Section, of the
2nd AU Sci Tech Conf on Use of Podloactive and Stable IsotA)pes and Radiation
in Sc.iezee and the National Economy, spoarored by Aead Sai USSR and Haiu
Admin for Utinzation of Atomic Energy under Couneil of Kinisters IESR
maeow 4-:L2 Apr 1957.

/~/A-A-,, A, ff
AUTHORS! Lavrukhina, A. K., Pavlotskaya, F. I.,Pozdnyakov,A.A . 78-1-15/43
Grechisbcheva, I. M,
TITLE*. The Chromatographic Separation of the Radioisotopes of the Elements
of Rare Earthelby Means-of Ion Exchange (Ionoobmennoye khromatogra-
fiches-koye razdeleniye radioizotopov redkozemeltnykn elementov).
PERIODICAL: Zhurnal Neorganicheskoy Khimiij 1958, Vol. 3. Kr 1, pp. 82_87
(USSR)
ABSTRACTO. Some'problems of,the aforesaid separation of the isotopes which
_4're formed with nuclear transformation under the influence of par-
1.ileles.with-high energy are dealt with in the preseA report. Spe-
Pial Attention was paid to the Ankluence of the quantityof the
elament&on their degree of separation, as well as to the position
of the maximum of the chromatographical curve.
Metho-dics. It was found (reference 1) that the best separation of
urani=, thorium, and bismuth was achieved by-protors with an energy
of 68o MeV by washing out with a 3,60/o solution of a=onium laata-
te with Pli-3,4'.-The separation was carried out on cationite "dau---ks
-5o". Figure-l'shows that the separation was quite effective. Figure.
Card 1/4 2 shows the same for hafniam. If laraer quantities of other elements
a

The Chromatographic Separation of the Radioisotopes of the 78-,1-15/43
Elements;of Rare Earths 1)y 'Yeans of Ion ExchanZe..
Are present the separation is- not always achieved.
The influence of the ouantity-of elements on the'deLyree of their
on, 'xPe dependence. o
jjV5.LLUUU, 01 FnU- MaXIMUM 01. Tne CnrOMawgram on Tne quanrjiTy oi rae
orementa Those proMems were Investigated WHE yttrium (rererenFe 6).
it resui as f'rom:figure'3, which shows the washing out curves. without
carrier and in the presence of lo mg yttrium, that the maximum corres=
ponding.to variousquantitiesof yttrium are rather far from each
other, Consequently, the quantityr of the element can influence the p0-
3
t
ition of itfr maximum on the curve,# With low concentrations the maxi-
mum is displaced in direction to a more rapid washing out of the re=
spective element. The shape of the maximum- is Influenced in so far as
it is sharper with ultra-low concentrations, The same was proved with
the washing out of tetravalent cerium (also in references. 3,4,7.99).
The data by Ser_iyavira and Tikhonova (reference 8) Which obtained wide
apexes of curve strontium are incomprehensible in this context. The
assertion. by the authors on the,width of the apex of the curve ia not
contradictory to the current conception of the theory of exchange-
chromatography. .
The inflnence of the quantity of elements~on their degree of separa-
Card 2/4 tion.

The Chromatographic Separation of the Radioisotopes of the Elements 78-1-15A3
of Rare Earths: by.-Means of Ion Exchange.
The afore~,mentioned displacement of the apexes of the curve with.
the change of concentration can lead to a coincidence of two or
more apexes-.of neighbouring elements' 0 This will reduce the degree
of separation in the case of a great difference of their concen-
trations. This is proved by the-example of tullium and ytterbium,
whiob cannot be separated at a ratio of 1.115o (figure 6, curve
e'q'ua'l c6hcentrations they-can be separated satisfacto-
ri (figure 6, curve I).-Further examples are given. From the
abovwexamples it can be concluded that the coincidence of the
apezea of the curve must be taken into consideration with the de-
termination of the optimum conditione,of separation of the elements.
This-is'of great importance with the investigation of the natural
radioactivity,.(6. of promethium, samarium and otherm) in the'
rresence.of gr6at quantitie,-w of neighbouring elements, a3, well as,
with the-analysis of irradiated material.
There are 5 figure3, and 9 references, 6 of which are Slavic,
ATION: Institute for Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry-imeni V. 1.
ASSOCT
Card 3/4

I
The Chromatograptiie Separation of the Radioisotopes of the 78-1-15/43
Elements of.Rare Earths.by Means of Ion Exchange.
Vernadskiy AN USSR (Inititut geokhimii i analiticheskoy khimii
imeni V.... I.- Vernadskogo, AN SSSR).
SUMITTED: June 18; 1957w
AVAILABLE: Library of Congress.
Card 4/4

LA VR14 t~- 11
AUTHOR: Lavrukhina, A. K. 78-1-24/43
-
-
TITLE: --
----------------------------------
The Search for Promethium in Nature (K voprosu. o
poiskakh prometiYa v prirode).
PERIODICAL: zhurnalliiarkanioheskoy Khimii, 1958, vol. 3P Nr 1,
pp. 129-135 (USSR)
ABSTRACT: In the beginning the author gives a survey of the respective
works performed in the,years between 1917 and 1949 (ref. 1-5).
Principles of the search for radioactive isotopes in nature.
The opinion about the lacking of Pm. should not be regarded
to be definite. The radio-isotopes ft145, Pm147 and Pm'5o
can be searched in natural objects. Thus, already in 1934
(ref. 6) a soft P-activity was observed in carefully purified
Nd-samples, which were attributed to a'neodymium isotope of
T - 1,46.1012 years. Later on (ref- 7) it was predicted that
the isotope Nd15o was supposedly contained with a quantity
of 5)6% in the natural mixture.The secondary product Pm150
of T - 2,7 hours is in equilibrium and therefore can be
discovered in natural neodymium. The failure of the search
for prometheum isotopes (ref. 5,900) can most probably be
Card 1/5 explained by long lasting separation methods, so that Pm150

The Search f#r Promethium in Natm*. 78-1-24/43
decomposes completely in the mean time. A basis for the
search of a-active Pm was only created when about 15 a-active
isotopes of rare earths, natural as well as such produced
by nuclear reaction with particles of high energy, were
determined. There is the possibility to raise the question
of the search for Pm147 (of T w 2,7 years) in uranium minerals
and -ores within which it will form because of a spontaneous
decomposition of U238. From the known mass spectrum of these
decay products (ref. 15) the Pm'47 quantity can be calculated,
which is in equilibrium with U238. Table I contains data on
the radiation character of Pm isotopes which can be found
in natute as well as on their quantity per 100 g of natural
neodymium (for pm150) and per 100 g of natural uranium (for
Pm146). The method of investigation: The following methodical
problems should be solved in connection with the Pm-search:
1.- The selection of radiometric methods of measurement of
P- and a-activity of weak intensity; 2.- A powerful separation
method of Pm from other rare earths$ 3-- A method of separation
of these elements from others existing in minerals and
ores; ad 1.- the intensity of activity as well as the
Card 2/5 radiation type of Pm isotopes determines the method. The

The Search for Promethium in Nstju-e
78-1-24/43
determination of Pm150 is easily possible with an end-
counter (tortsovyy schetchik). Pm150 can very quicklv be
identified by the determination of T and E po For PmI47
this is, however, very difficult and demands the construction
of a special counter for weak activities. From the counters
described the author selected the 4n-oounter which operates
in the methane flow under the pressure of I atmospheres of
absolute pressure. Pm145 can be determined by means of
ph6tographic plates (ref. 13). Ad 2.- For this the method
of ionexchanging chromatography was selected (ref. 16).
Weighable Pm quantities were separated from the sum of rare
earths, which develop by the U255-separation by means of thermal
neutrons through a 3,6 % ammonium-lactate solution at
PH - 3,4. The same method was used for the isolation of
not-weighable promethium quantities of relatively great
quantities of neighbouring elements (oxide mixtures of
Er, Tb, Eu, Pr, Nd, Sm and Y, 0,5 mg each irradiated with
slow neutrons in a nuclear reactor). Promethium develops as
Pm149. Ad 3-- On the one hand we must consider the presence
of great quantities of Ca, Mg, Al, Fe and U, and on the
Card 3/5 other hand the presence of radioactive decomposition

The Search for Promethium in Natm
78-1-24/43
235 238 232
products of U , U and Th Table 2 shows the values
of the actiiLties of the P-active products of decomposition
of the above mentioned elements per 1 kg of uranium ore
(content: 10% U, 1% Th). Table 3 gives the activities of
a-active isotopes in minerals containing rare earths (U and
Th contents, as above, lid = 10, Sm 0,5 %). Before the
solution of the problem of separation of rare earths from
other elements the reaction of Pm147 was studied (table 4).
The author worked out a method for the isolation of purely
radioactive. rare earths (ref. 16) from the products of a
bombardment of 1-2 g of natural uranium by protois of high
energy. In this all chemical elements were contained (from
Na to NP) (ref. 17). After this a method of separation of
rare earths from isotopes of other elements (with the
exception of actinium) were described. A method is also
given for the actinium separation.
Card 4/5

The Search for Promethium in Natmre. 78-1-24/43
There are 3 figures, 4 tables, and 21 references,
10 of which are Slavic.
ASSOCIATION: Institute for Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry
imeni V. I. Vernadskiy AN USSR (Institut geokhimii i
analiticheskoy khimii im. V. I. Vernadakogo Akademii nauk
SSSR).
SUBMITTED: June 19, 1957
AVAILABLE: Library of Congress
Card 5/5

AUTHORS: Yerz-h-;bek., V. SOV/78-3-7-40/4,
TITLE: The! Extraction of Sciva RaL,.n Earths by TrKoutyl Pho.;sp~-
(E1cLvtmkt.,0,ya P.-.kotorvkh -,-.edkoz =.elr~ykh elmeniov
tz4butil-Msfatom)
PERIODICALi Zhj=al WWI, 1958, Vo~ 3, Nr 7, p,,j 1' 3--!708
(USSR)
.ABSTRACT: lr!reatigatiorw wara carT~vid out for the saparation oll z)--rs ear-%hs
trm largar qatrxld-Mt~3 of iaanium, Iron, allmium, magae--itm, ani
ml,rA-lxn 17j e.0,r%oilion by meatA of tri:butyl pbosphate, In the
ent paper the opt-4=m conditlons for the separation of small qijau-
titleA of rap.~ earths by extraotion ara worked out. A mora rap~-3
merthod for +.he aepamtion of small quantities of pxct-4t~J*amby
otbgr oonta:Wed '&.,a urardum ores ia described. 1t was
formid thal" iap, prasa-al:~i Pf -azenium in the Folu-~icyn i--reatiga".e~-.1.
reducc,s the of the distribution of rar-a earths ba`~-~..en
tha ftlb;~~tylphoaaplmt- p',1xa,5e and the aqueous pteve wayide-rably.
R wi r fcp,.nd V~rat 'to aeparailiv umni~xm 1--y ether
ftom. the -,uxT ~mTthn- aril than to exirao-,; the raxe eaLx-",-b-.j
Card 1/2 by mean-.i of teiLt"'a-V,1phoephate. The extraction of ytteum by

The Extraotion iuf Scm-a Rarv- Bartim by Trllbutyl Phosphatea 3()*lr/7P,-3--7--40/44
.1.0
was al:so The r, ct p-m-
matlid'r=, and othtw eazths frm aock-apan,-Ing elvvents by =bans
ot tr,%leutyl phoaphaic~~, ahovm that -tb,,g lmarerjscm of. irilice-0 acrid cop.-
rimtm~-leir. lknom?a~t-" -tA-txaotjon of j-uri otsaihi; b7 tlkb-atyl
phlm,pha-~,~. TbRx,3 arg figurea, 3 teblsi aru5 3 rafnermizir, I of
whi,,~b 1A Scr-.'-14.e*.
ASSOCIATION: &-lc~klldmil t analiticheskoy kh-imii im. V.I.Vernadekago
nauk SSSR, Inbtitwk yaaampy fiz,,tk*.',- Chekhos3--vatskoy
Akwdn.mil mw& of Gtio&imi-si,-~,- and Analytl-ca-l Ch--mistx7
lme47--A V.I. AS USSR, Im~-Altulhi of Nu-:J--~&r Pbyx~aB P 13 of
SUBMITTED-. jzzv~ 1.50 i957
1. Rare earths-Separation 2. Butyl phosphates-ApplicatiGns
cam 212

AUTHOR:
TITLEt
PERIODICAL:
ABSTRACT:
Card 1/3
Lavrukhj.Z2a, A. X. (]Aoi3cow) 74-27 r/;,--/6
The Present State of Nuclear Chemistry
(Sovremennoye aostoyaniye yadernoy khimii)
Uspekhi Khimii, 1958, Vol. 27, Nr 5, PP. 517-550 (USSR)
In the introduction the author gives a short survey of
the investigation of rules governing the nuclear trans-
formation of different chemical elements. This transfor-
mation was for the first time in an artificial way per-
formed by Rutherford (Rezerford) in 1919 and the investi-
gation of the rules governing nuclear transformations to-
day belongs to the fundamental problems of the investiga-
tion of the structure of matter. In the first section of
the present report the author discusses the methods of
nuclear chemistry. In the second section the author deals
with nuclear reactions occurring under the influence of
81OW particles: a) nuclear reactions under the influ-
ence of neutrons, b) nuclear reactions under the in.-
fluence of charged particles. In the third section the
nuclear fission of heavy elements by slow neutrons is

The Present State of Nuclear Chemistry 74-27-5-1/6
discussed. In this connection the authors of many works
are cited. The great number of investigations of the
nuclear fission products of heavy elements under the
influence of slow neutrons permitted the determination
of a number of characteristic features of this fission
which are given in the present article. In the fourth
section the author discusses the nuclear transformations
taking place under the action of high-energy particle8t
1) Yriclear reactions under the influence of fast protons,
deuterons, a-particles and neutronss a) The characteris-
tic features of nuclear fissiong reactionsq b) the cha-
racteristic features of nuclear fission by high,,energy
particles. c) the emission of light nuolei~ d) the
secondary nuclear reactions~ In the second summary of the
same section the author discusses the nuclear reactions
under the influence of multiple-charged ions., in the
third summaryt The nuclear reactions under the influence
of f -quanta~ in the fourth summarys The nuclear reao-
tions under the influence of n-mesonB and in the fifth
Card 2/3 summaryt The production of new particles. The fifth see-

The Present State of Nuclear Chemistry 74-27-5--1/6
tion deals with nuclear reactions in nature. At the end
the author states-that the examples given in the last
section indicate that radioactive and nuclear transfor.-
mations no doubt play an important part in nature.
There are 13 figures and 376 references, 166 of which
are Soviet.,
1. Nuclear reactions--Theory
Card 313

AUTHOR: Lavrukhina, A. K. (Moscow) SOV/74-27-10-3/4
TITLE: On the Properties of Francium (0 svoystvakh frantsiya)
PERIODICAL: Uspekhi khimii, 1958,.'Vol 27, Nr 10, pp 1209-1220 (USSR)
ABSTRACT: Early in this paper the author briefly mentions the efforts made
to discover the assumed element 87- With the discovery of the
short-lived radioactive isotope in the radioactive decay products
of uranium by M. Perey francium was given the symbol Fr. From
thattime scientists started to look for this new element in
natural objects. The first chapter of this paper is exclusively
de~cted ~o these efforts. It is said among others that already
Dobroserdov (Ref 4) had discovered this element and given it
the name "russium". A great number of scientists searched for
this element 87 in cesium concentrates using the x-ray method
Refs 6-9). The author discusses the work of various scientists
efs 10-22). The numerous investigations.of the decay products
R
of the radioactive elements showed that some radioactive isotopes
of francium are either intermediate members of the actinium
(Fr 223), the neptuniuzr, (Fr 221) or the thorium (pr224) series of
Card 1/1-0 decay. In the second section the author discusses the properties

,On the Properties of Franci"um
SOV/74-27-10-3/4
of the radioactive isotopes of francium In the course of diverse
nuclear reactions until now (except Fr2~3) 8 radioacti--re is~otopes
of francium were obtained (Refs 23-30)- In section 3 the author
discusses the methods for the separation of francium (Refs 15,
40,41). In section 4,the chemical properties of francium are
described (Refs 3y49,41)- Section 5 deals with the problem of
the separation of francium from the alkali metals. io to now
two methods are known for this separation: the correct 00-
precipitator (detection) for francium, which could act neither
on rubidium nor on cesium; the chromatographic method. This
latter method is regarded up to nor as the most efficient method
in the distributicn of the elements with similar chemical
properties. In section 6 the ranges for the practical application
of francium are discussed (determination of actinium oz de-
termination of sarcomae) (Ref 58)- In conclusion the author
mentions the biological properties of francium (Refs 60-61). The
investigation of the practical application of francium is
continued. There are 4 figures, 3 tables, and 61 references,
12 of which are Soviet.
Card 010

AUTHORS: Pavlotskaya, F. I., Lavrukhina, A. X SOV/56-34-5-2/61
TITLE: Uranium Fission Products Obtained by 660 UeV Protons in the Range
of the Rare Earth Elements (Produkty deleniya, urana protonami
s energiyey 660 meV v oblasti redkozemellnykh elementov)
PERIODICAL: Zhurnal eksperimentallrioy i teoreticheskoy fiziki, 1958,
Vol. 34, Nr 5, PP- 1058 - 1069 (ITSSR)
ABSTRACT: A. target of spectroscopically pure metallic uranium with a weight
of 0,5 - 1 g was dissolved in a few milliliters of concentrated
hydrochloric acid (which contained from. 10 to 20 mg of berium and
of hydrol,~en peroxide) after having been irradiated in a beam of
660 MeV protons from the synchrotron of the Laboratoriya yadernykh
problem Ob"yedinennogo instituta yadernykh issledovaniy (Labora-
tory for Nuclear Problems at the United Institute of Nuclear
Research). The further treat-ment of this solution is discussed.
A diagram illustrates the curves of the washing-out of radioactive
isotopes of the rare earth elements, which form in the uranium
fission caused by 660 MeV protons. The yields in P4, - and P -ac-
Card 1/3 tive isotopes were determined by a method dessc,ribed before (Ref 3).

Uranium Fission Products Obtained by 660 MeV Protons SOV/56-34-5-2/61
in the Range of the Rare Earth Elements
Every peak of the chromatograms was identified by means of the
half-life separately for each type of radiation and
separately for the different energies of the P- and y-radiations.
The necessary corrections are pointed out briefly. The obtained
yields in radioactive isotopes of the rare earth ale;-Ients are
compiled in a table. Based upon the measured and interpolated
data the curves of the yield distributions of the various elements
versus the mass numbers viere constructed. These curves also per-
mitted to extrapolate the yields in the _remainin& isotopes of
the rare earth elements (dysprosium and terbium). The experimental
and interpolated data toJether give a comprehensive conception
of the fission protiucts of uranium nuclei by 660 MleV protons in
the ranee of the rare carta ele-:;ents. The estimation of the chare
in stable iootopc.: -.s woll as in inotopes with neutron excess
and neutron deficlit. is also briefly discussed. These 3 types
of isotones form i4i about the same yield; pertinent details are
giver. In a short para=aph a report is given on the influence
of the shell structure of the nucleus. The evidence obtained from
the fission of heavy-ele..lent-nuclei by high-energy particles
Card 2/3 hardly seems to have influc~nced the presently valid rules govern-

Uranium Fission Products Obtained by 660 MeV Protons SOV/56-34-5-2/61
in the Ran,-,e o he Rare Earth Elements
ing tho distribution of the rare earth elements. The authors
express their gratitude to A.A.Sorokin and L.S,14ovikov for the
identification by means of the y-radiation and for the computation
of the yields of some of the isotopes which decay after the
electron capture. There are 8 figures, 3 tables, and 31 refer-
ences, 15 of which are Soviet.
ASSOCIATION: Institut geokhimii i analiticheskoy khimii Akademii nauk SSSR
(Institute of Geocheniztry and Analytical Chemistry AS USSR)
SUBMITTED: October 31, 1957
1.Uranium-Fission 2.7ission fragments-Analyais- 3-*Rare earth
element isotopes(Radicactive)--Determination 4.Chromatographic
amalysis-4kppl.tcations
Card 3/3

AUTHORt Lavrukhina, A.K., Doctor of Chemical Sciences 26-58-6-3/56
TITLE: Achievements of Nuclear Chemistry 'Uspekhi yadernoy khimii'.
PERIODICAL: Priroda, 19586gr 6, p 9-18 (USSR)
ABSTRACT: The discovery of radioactivity opened the way to a new science
nuclear chemistry. Radiochemical research is one of its main
characteristics. It determines exactly what kind and quantity
of radio isotopes originate from a given nuclear reaction. An
important step in the development of nuclear chemistry was the
fission of uranium-235 nuclei by thermal neutrons. The studies
on the nature of fission products by Soviet scientist V.G.
Khlopin and his assistants are a valuable contribution in this
field. The past ten years have beer, -characterized by the de-
velopment of nuclear reactions of fast moving particles, pi-
mesons, gamma quanta and multicharged ions. Great steps have
been recently made in the study of new isotopes of rare earth-
elements. Radiochemical methods also facilitated the study
of the spectra of tantalum, holmium and lanthanum fission pro-
ducts. As to new transuranic elements, neptunium, americium
and.fermium were synthesized in-reactions with slow neutrons
and several other new elements were discovered.
Card 1/2 There are 7 diagrams, 'and 14 references, 10 of which are

Achievements of Nuclear Chemistry
Soviet and 4 English.
26-56-6-3/56
ASSOCIATION: Institut geokhimii i analiticheskoy khimii imeni V.I. Vernads-
kogo Akademii nauk SSSR (Moskva) (Institute of Geochemistry
and Analytical Chemistry imeni V.I. Vernadskiy of the U-13SR
Academy of Sciences) (Moscow)
Card 2/2 1. Chemistry-USSR 2. Nualear.chemifitry-Development ,
3. Radiochemistry-Research-

AUTHORS: Lavrukhina, A. K., Krasavina, L. D., 2o-119-1-14/52
db Fozdnyakov, A. A.
TITLE: Radiochemical Investigation of the Products Resulting
From the Fission of Lanthanum by 66o MeV Protons (Ra=
diokhimicheskoye issledovaniye produktov deleniya lan=
tans. protonami s energiyey 66o MeV)
PERIODICALs Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR, 1958, Vol- 119, Nr 1,
PP- 56-58 (USSR)
ABSTRACT: The sho:rt introduction reports on previous works dealing
with the same subject. This work gives some results of
the radiochemical investigation mentioned in the title.
The main difficulty of this investigation was the pro=
duction of the fission products of lanthanum. in pure ra=
dioactive form. The investigation was performed at the
synchrocyclotron of the Laboratory for Nuclear Problems
(Laboratoriya yadernykh problem) of the United Institute
for Nuclear Research (Ob"yedinennyy institut yadernykh
issledovaniy). The target, which tas to be bombarded,
Card 1/3 consisted of lanthanum oxide powder with a weight of up

Radiochemical Investigation of the Products 2o-119-1-14/52
Res-iiitinglrom the Fission of Lanthanum by
'66o MeWL'.Protons
to 1g; it was wrapped into an aluminium foil. These tar=
gets were irradiated by 66o MeVrprotons for from 1-2 hours.
'Then.the powder was dissolved in hydrochloric acid and
subsequently,the radioactive isotopes were separated. For
the separation of the fission produ 'ots of lanthanum a method
for the rapid chromatographic separation of.Un, Fe, Co, Ni,
Cu,and Zn was worked out before. The essence of this method
-is shortly described'here. The here obtained experimental
-data and the computed cross sections are compiled in a table
and indicate-the following: In the fission of lanthanum
isotopes with a neutron surplus are essentially generated.
Theisotopes are in the wide interval of the atomic numbers
from Z - 15 to Z~ - 40. A diagram illustrates the distribu-
tion of the yields of the fission products of lanthanum, on
the atomic number This distribution has the character of
ja flat curve, whi;h speaks for the high probability of the
symmetrical and also of the unsymmetrical fission. This
conclusion agrees with the theory, after which fo5 nuclei
with .average atomic weight (A 16o), for which (z /A)/
Card 2/3 (Z2/A)before) 0.6 holds, the barrier in asymmetrical

21M PHASE I BOOK EXPLOITATION SOV/2039
Lavrukhina, Avgusta Konstantinovna
Uspekhi yadernoy khimii (Advances in Nuc ar Chemistry) Moscow,
Izd-vo AN SSSR, 1959. 143 1p. (Series: Akademiya nauk SSSR.
Nauchno-populyarnaya seriya) Errata slip inserted. 20,000
copies'printed.
Resp. Ed.: I.P. Alimarin; Ed. of Publishing House: D. N. Trifonov;
Tech. Ed.: Yu. V. Rylina.
Sponsoring Agency: Akademiya nauk SSSR. Redkollegiya naucho-
populyarnoy literatury.
PURPOSE: This book is for chemists, physicistspand more especially,
teachers and students of courses in nuclear chemistry.
COVERAGE: The book offers a historical sketch of the development of
nuclear chemistry and the fundamental concepts of nuclear reactions
as they apply to the transformation of chemical elements.' The
Card 1/6

Advances in Nuclear Chemistry
SOV12039
general cg~racteristics of rcLdioactive disintegrations and nuclear
reactiuns are described/and basic models of atomic nuclei and
theories on nuclear forces are reviewed. Consideration is also
given to descriptions of radiochemical methods of studying nuclear
transformations, which methods include beta-, alpha- and gamma-
spectroscopy, scintillation counting, use of photog;4phic emulsions,
etc. The role of slow particles in nuclear reactions and the
Influence of these particles on fission processes in heavy elements
are discussedlas well as nuclear transformations caused by high-
energy particles. Reaction prod 'ucts are also considered. Nuclear
reactions on the sun, stars, and in space are described and
attention Is given to the role of radioactive transforZations in
changes in the composition of isotopic elements of the earth's
crust. The practical application of the principal advances in
nuclear chemistry is reviewed with special emphasis on nuclear
reactions which yield isotopes of transuranicelements and atomic
power. Finally the problem of systematically Classifying the
nunlei of radioactive isotopes is considered. There are 28
figures, 4 tables and 26 references, all Soviet. No persor.alities
are mentioned.
TABLE OF CONTENTS:
Card 2/6

Advances in Nuclear Chemistry
Introduction
Ch. I. Short Review of the Historical Development of
SOV/2039
3
Nuclear Chemistry 6
1. From alchemy to the realization of the first nuclear
reaction 6
2. Discovery of the neutron, artificial radioactivity, and
the fission of uranium nuclei 11
3. Creation of charged-particle accelerators 15
Ch. II. General Characteristicis of Nuclear Processes 18
1. Radioactive disintegration of atomic nuclei 22
2. Nuclear reactions .28
3. Classification of nuclear reactions 30
Ch. III. Methods of Nuclear Chemistry 32
1. Principles of the radiochemical method 33
A. Use of carriers 34
Card 316

Advances in Nuclear Chemistry
SOV/2039
B. Methods of separating elements in the radioactively-
pure state 36
C. Radiometric methods 46
D. Scintillation counters 49
E. Mass-$pectrometers 53
F. Determination of effective crosf section 54
2. Method of thick photographic plates 55
3. Other methods 56
Ch. IV. Nuclear Reactions Which Take Place Under the InTluence
of Slow Particles 58
1. Nuclear reactions under the action of neutrons ~9
2. Nuclear reactions under the action of charged particles 1
3. Reactions with gamma-rays 64
4. Fission of the nuclei of heavy elements 66
A, Fission of nuclei by slow neutrons 67
B. Pc,~omplishing a fission chain reaction of uranium-235 70
%J. -~"Lssion of nuclei by charged particles and gamma-
quanta 72
Card 4/6

Advancesin Nuclear Chemistry SOV/2039
Ch. V. Nuclear Reactions Which Take Place Under the Influence of
High-energy Particles 75
1. Characteristics of the interaction of fast particles
with complex nuclei 75
2. Splitting of nuclei 79
3. Fission of nuclei 82
4. Emission of nuclei of light elements 85
5. Secondary nuclear reactions 87
6. Production of new particles 88
Ch. VI. Nuclear Reactions in Nature 91
1. Nuclear reactions of the sun and stars 91
2. Nuclear reactions of cosmic rays 96
A. Nuclear processes in primary cosmic rays 97
B. Nuclear processes in secondary cosmic rays 99
3. Changes of the isotopic composition of elements in the
atmosphere and in meteorites 99
4. Nuclear processes in the earth's crust 101
Card 516

Advancesin Nuclear Chemistry SOV/2039
Ch. VII. Practical Application of Advances in Nuclear
Chemistry io6
1. -artificial preparation of new chemical elements 106
2. Preparation and application of artificial radioactive
isotopes 115
3. Nuclear Power 118
A. Utilizing the energy of fission chain reactions of
uranium 119
B. Studies on controlled thermonuclear reactions 121
Ch. VIII. The Problem of Classifying Radioactive and Stable
Isotopes 125
1. Regularities in the properties of atomic nuclei 126
2. Regularities in the properties of alpha-radioactive
isotopes 130
3. Proof of the special stability of nuclei containing
2, 8, 20, 50, and 82 protons or neutronsand 126 mutrcm 132
4. Predicting the properties of ye t undiscovered isotopes 137
Conclusion 140
Bibliography 142
AVAILABLE: Library of' Congress
Card 616 TM/dfh
7-22-'59

IkkVRUKHIKA, A.K. - EDURZHI14, V.; FILkTOVA. L.T.
Determination of actinium in natnral objecto from the daughter
product Fr 223. Radlokbimiia I no.2:204-207 159.
(MA 12;8)
(Actinium-Analysis) (FranciUM--ISOtOpeI3)

JAYRUMU, A.K.; CHZRU PIT-TSZI [Chu Vei-chil
Dependence of the distribution coefficient (organic phase - aqueous
phe-se) on the concentration of the distributed elements. Radiokhimiia
1 no.5:530-537 159, (MRA 13:2)
(Attraction)

LAVRUKHI tor khimicheskilch nauk
Radioisotopes in the earth's crust. Khim.nauka i prom. 4 no.4:
472-478 159. (MnU 13:8)
(Hadloisotopas)
(Geochemistry)

21M
AUTHORS:
-vrukhina, A. K., Grechishcheva, I. M., SOV/89-6-2-6/28
it~ -
TITLE: Radiochemical Investigation of Nuclear Reactions Producing
Pions (Radiokhimicheskoye izucheniye yadernykh reaktsiy, pri-
vodyashchikh k obrazovaniyu n-mezonov)
PERIODICAL: Atomnaya energiya, 1959, Vol 6, Nr 2v PP 145 - 151 (USSli)
ABSTRACT: The experimental part of the work was carried out with protons
of an energy of iiO - 660 key, which had been accelerated in
the synchrocyclotron of the OIYaI (Joint Research Institute
of Nuclear Physics). The targets were irradiated with different
proton flux radii for 1.5-2 hours. The proton ray intensity
was determined by means of an aluminum monitor, wherein the
Al"(P,3pn)Na" cross section was assumed to be 10 mb. The
identification of radioisotopes and the cross section determina-
tion were carried out according to the method escribed in
i
reference 3. The copper target was 25-7.0.5 mm
high, the
La2 03-target weighed 50 - 200 mg and the copper target 400-800 mg.
Card 1/4 All elements were spectrally pure. After proton irradiation

Radiochemical Investigation of Nuclear Reactions Producing SOV/89-6-2-6/28
Pions
the samples were dissolved in a 50% solution of HNO 21THI10
31 3
and aqua regia, respectively. The radioisotopes were separated
from the solutiot)s, i.e. nickel from copper, barium from
lanthanum and platinum from gold. The cross sections measured
mav be seen from the followinz tables:
a in 10-30cm2
Ep = 480 Lev EP = 660 11ev
Si 30(p,n+)Si3' 2.2 4.0
Cu 65(p,n- )Ga 66 0.34 -
CU 65(p'Pn,)N,65 2.0 3.4
La 139(p,pn+)Bal39 Not observed
Au197(p'pn+)ptl97 Not observed
65(p, R+)11,66
Cu. 2
Not observed
Card 2/4

Ra.diochemical Investigation of Nuclear Reactions Pro,lucing SOV/89-6-2-6/28
Fiona

EP (110v ~B 2
cr (in 10 -am -
Ga 66 Cu 61(p, -njGa 66
130 1.30 + 0.15
190 2.0 + 0.2 M
250 3.1 + 0.2 1.8
3,50 4.40 + 0.25 3.1
480 3.5 + 0.2 2.2
The experiments permit the following conclusions to be drawn:
1) The cross section of the reaction (p,n+) in heavy nuclei
is in the order of 10-30cm 2, the production of the n +-meson
being more probable than that of the n- meson. The ratio is:
Card 3/4

Radiochemical Investigation of Nuclear Reactions Producing SOV/89-6-2-6/26
Pions
41
-1p, +
- R A = 6. 5
d(p'n-)
2) The reaction (p,pn+) is more probAle than the reaction
(p,n-). That agrees well with the data hitherto available on
the nature of nuclear reactions caused by highly energetic
particles. The high cross section (Ref 2) of the rcaction
(p,n+) in silicon can be explained only by the occurrence of
the reaction (d,p) in addition to the reaction mentioned.
3)In the proton energy increase from 480 to 660 Hev a slow
cross section increase of the reactions (P,Dn+) and (P,n+)
was observed. S. Sekerskiy separated the Ni66-nucleus from
the irradiated copper target. There are 5 figuxes, 3 tables,
and 16 references, 12 of which are Soviet.
SUBMITTED: July 14, 1957
Card 4/4

1,0) OW it 0-
21 (0). 5 (a)
02MAR T.
31pasLuu an Ratlo4bsa.18-7 (TSOOM%XVY $10pollua jox
=
1
23M=XCAS-s At-, a suarglya, 1959, Tot 7. Ir 2, pp 175-176 (USSR)
AMILLM t I.,
L eMagian Was hold In Lamingral froal 3 %o 5 KAX0.4 1959. Marv
than 200 jortric' 1pents fr- different institutto in Moscow,
UALW-4, XIz-, lr*vooLbLr*k# TbLIUI and Gcr$kiy attended it~
Tweat7eigbt papers a" real. The tollc*Lg are coationel, 1. To.
Starik. On the problen of the siolvtasr state or alcroause.
at
_
radia"tive alsoonte in volutional Z. To. StuLk, T. Z. Ampolocavs.
M.V", L. D. 5h,YdLn,
s 01 aLosenve -~ZAC
T
of Xn'
IMA (Zr, Am. ft, ?0).W.
ta,lova,
j.
r
Application of the A1.1-ole- xauxtion at uranium
carriers LA natural loodism of To. T.
lot fom*tL= of the sultLw4*ot
~
-
9~ K. 3 T. Y. PmLn,
Dosexxion
UM and the snot"ilit7
17 Ion at of the CorLux, OSAa&t@
=

core 1/3 L
Coples: torsation of PlAtoIna am ^Mricium
iib6~liiio d4-4, 'titr:~ -Atto said (=TL) McL oulia ad
pto.phuj, "La. now Othad
for the dvtimination of Lan charres, of radioactive slonan to in
saIntions by application of Lan oxchWiv, ro.ina or different
swelling capsnltiwo.-X~ 3. A_jj-.TrnUa=, I
of amplex
votne-Lun and ZDTA V application of the Lon
excluIc* and the potentimetrLo "thods. 1,11-TdAzAtko
et~
5 1 Determination of the conditions of conpourAs ; ,
in the argavla phase, (kydr.tlan or uxw4l ULtr.t. with

' T
T. -&1S'
*star). T. 11. 424ZXDU Degree of bzdr.%Lou of
-
lbut7l OS
altric W the diotIqlan. SIZvol. X.-X,
of solvation, of the ftAtrlc,
said In the dibtjpl other of the dith,71421 417001
L D.t~rnlnatlaa of the apa4vacy at the
.between the arCuotla and the astery phases LA order
to d.torntno the condition or the s~bataaaa LA the solution and
,a h. tone-tration maj,- at which co.pl.z to-Atiam
#tarts ~ I P-R-Z"W-I-ctumd - *rtr=ttm of
hosavalent tungtan with saill- fre. hydrochloric a.U..
...Card 2h jjVUAujM on substittion of k7dragon in tonsol U1 the recall
atone p3# VBT6 and SbV24. a. 0. vxmt4w #Qt~owd an t!m
"call *tons froct the "ca-Laus of U 6(r.x)T, 1(14(g,p)CI4 in
& ..di- of cyclic h2drocarboul. an
the Influence of the 1103 &M 9- loas, on the reduction velocity
of boxavalout plutoulux u~~ tjzo b1fluonoo of itc own
wrodiatian. In the course at tharouCh discuagiona it was
established that the conprohoo,oLog or the condition of radjoactiv~
almants, in solution, Are of eninont loportance for the whole
range of radio cboalstr7. Vare tudiva h4r* to be cado Lt. tU,
field as were made tefore. A better coordination of all the
institutwo which am tacupled with this problem will yl*14
good ro-ul to La the ratm. ~%

AUTHORS: Lavrukhina, A, K., Pozdnyakov, A.A. SOV/89-7-4-15/28
TITLE: The Spallation of Hafnium by Protons With Energies of 660 Mev

PERIODICAL: 13SR)
Atomnaya energiya, 1959, Vol 7, Nr 4, PP 382-384 (U.
-ABSTRACT: It is the aim of the.present paper to determine the yields of
spallation. products and to investigate some details of the
interaction between 660 Nev-protons and hafnium nuclei. The
chromatographical separation of the spallation products,
calculation of /19 and /9_~-yieldB, and of the K-capture
isotDpes was carried out according to methods which have already
beer,.described in publications. On the basis of experimental and
interpolated data for all identified elements..the curves for the
dependence oZ isotopes on their mass numbers were then
constructed. In the spallation of hafnium by 660 Mev-protons
the isotope-distribution functions are cupola-shaped like in
the distribution of the spallation products of copper. In the
case of hafnium the cupolas are considerably shifted in the
direction of the nuclei with neutron-aeficit. In the spallation
of hafnium nuclei with neutron-deficit are essentially produced.
Card 1/3 They comprise 67% of the total spallation cross section.

The Spallation of Hafnium by Pro-bons With
Energies of 660 Mev
Card 2/3
SOV/89-7-4-15/28
23 and 10% respectively correspond to the portion of stable
nuclei and to nuclei with a neutron surplus. The cupola-shaped
curve with Z= 64 is shifted towards smaller masses and lower
yields (compared to the adjoining elements)* This may be
explained according to the statistical theory by the influence
of the closed oubshell with Z= 64. From the cupola-shaped
curves the summated isotope-production cross sections are then
determined. The total cross section for the processes of
hafnium nual eua spallation is ,
li5-10"24 cm 2. This amounts to 85% of the geometric cross section
o.t the hafnium nuclei. In the fraction of lutetium there is an
activity with the half-life of 4 hoursq which may be attributed
168
to the new isotope W . The second diagram shows the
dependence of the cumulative yield of the isobars on the number
N of the departed nucleons. This yield remains constant a-IV,
N 20 according to the exponential law
1n(5 _- PA+const. Here P = 0.11 holds. For the isotope with
A
N >20 the production cross section of a given product-nucleus
may be calculated according to the formula by S. Rudstam(lzef 6).'

The Spallation of Hafnium by Protons With SoV/89-7-4-15/28
Energies of 660 Yev
d (A 1?7.1) exp[PA-Q-R(Z i SAi) 2] Here P ='.0.11; Q 12.8;
R - 1.2; S 0-433 holds for the parameters. A table contains
the numbers of neutrons and protons (determined by estimation),
which were emitted in the spallation of hafnium. The results
obtained indicate a considerable increase of the number of
evaporated neutrons with increasing atomic number of the
irradiated nuclei. The number of cascade neutrons remains
nearly constant. The average excitation energy of the hafnium
nuclei is 150 Mev. There are 2 figures, 1 table. and
7 references, 4 of which are Soviet.
SUBMITTED: February 13, 1959
Card 3/3-

LORUKRIla, A.K., doktor kbim.nauk (Moskva)
Transuranium elements. Hauka i zbyttia 9
11 159. (Trausuranium elements)
no-7:21-23
(14IRA 12:11)

AUTHOR;
TITLEs
PERIODICAL:
Lavrakhina, A. K.
6691Q
SOV/74-28-11-2/5
The Role of Nuclear Processes n the Formation of Chemical
Elements
Uspekhi khimii,- 1959, Vol 28p.Nr 11p PP 1310-1342 (USSR)
ABSTRACT: In the present paper, an attempt is made to investigate soM,1
points.of the theory of the synthesis of elements on starelon
the basis of experimental data concerning the course of various
nuclear reactions. To solve the problem of formation of
elements, data on the distribution of chemical elements and
their isotopes on various celestial bodies are of high
importance. In 1889, Clarke (Ref 1) first tried to find a
relation between the relative distribution of elements in the
earth's crust and their.atomic numbers. After him, numerous
research workers tried to obtain more exact data on the
distribiition of elements (Aefs 2-19). So far, only a small
number of cosmic bodies, mainly-atmospheres of some stars of,
our'Galaxy, have been investigated. Nevertheless, it appears
-possible to draw some conclusions regarding the fundamental
laws of distribution of chemical elements in the cosmos.
Card 1/5 Figures 1 and 2 give the curves of distribution of atomic

66911
The Role of Nuclear Processes in the Formation of SOV/74-28-11-2/5
Chemical Elements
nuclei according to atomic numbers and mass numbers, correspondirg
to data in reference 10. According to the author's opinion, the
cases of deviation from the average distribution of the elements
are also-important for the solution of the problem of their
formation. The most significant cases are given (Refs 10,
15-17, 20-51). The theories of formation of chemical elements
may be divided into 2 groups (Refs 52-57). The former includes
the theories of formation of atomic nilelei at thermodynamic
equilibrium of the initial system (Refs 2U, 54, 58-74). The
main deficiency of these theories is that the reason of
"freezing" of the thermodynamic equilibrium of the system, in
which the nuclear processes take place, is not yet clarified.
Besides, the problem concerning the cosmic bodies, in which
the stabilization of equilibrium must take place, remains
unsolved. The second group includes theories of the synthesis
of atomic nudlei in non-equilibrium systems (Refs 41, 52, 55,
75-87). According to data of modern astrophysics, there is no
cosmic body with such a high temperature and density of
.Card 2,/5 particles as is demanded by non-equilibrium theories. Recently,

66911
The Role of Nuclear Processes in the Formation of SOV/74-28-11-2/5
chemical Elements
research workers have tried to find non-eqilibrium synthesis
reaoti-ons of atomic nuclei which proceed at temperatures lower
than in the systems-witH th(armodynamio.equilibrium (Refs 52,
75-80). These theoriesp however, can only explain a few rules
of cosmic distribution of elements but not the formation of all
chemical elements.. Better prospects are offered by the theory
recently developed by th e American physicists Fowler, Salpeter
and..Greenstein as.well as by the English astrophysicist's
E. M. Burbidge, G. R. Burbidge and Hoyle.(Refs 41, .55t
81-86). According to this theory, thii synthesis of elements
takes place at any stage of development of the cosmos in close
relation with nuclear processes which explain the energy and
illuminating power of cosmic bodies, their-evolution, and the
change in their chemical compoiition. In this theory, the
cosmic distribution need not~be explained by the assumption of
any preastral stage of the cosmos. The formation process of
chemical elements taken place during the whole period of
existence of the metagalaxy, being a regular.process combined
with the evolution of stars which still continues, Furtherp the
Card 3/5 principal features of nuclear processes axe discussed which

66911
The-Role of Nuclear Processes in the Formation of SOV/74-28--11-2/5
Chemical Mements
give rise to the formation of elements in the starst and which
are postulated in the theory of star synthesis. Besides, some
proofs.-are offered which were obtained in the investidation of,
nuclear reactions in accelerators (Refe.88-162). The
available-data on the synthesis of chemical elements which
takes place in the course of some stages of development of
stars in nuclear processes, and on the subsequent variation of
their isot9pe composition during the straying of cosmic
radiationt,!in the-interstellar space indicates that there 3*.s,/no
,doubt some connection between astroDhysicall adioastronomic,'-,/
and i;~clear physics data. The whole t of the nii6lear processes
in*estigatea offers a qualitativel~-good explanation both
for-'the-average cosmic-distributibn of,elements and for the
few considerable deviations in-.the.content of some elements
in various cosmic b6diesi In order to obtain a general idea
of the processes which give rise.to the foxmation of.chemical
elements, new data on the chemical composition of a number as
large as-possible of cosmio'bodies will be of decisive
importance. The following Soviet scientists are mentioned in
'Card 4/5 the present paper: G. I. Pokrovskiy., V. V. Cherdyntsev,

The Role of Nuclear Processes in the Formation of
Chemical Elements
ASSOCILTION:
66911
SOV/74-28-11-2/5
L.-E. Gurevich,-A. P. Zhdanov. There.are-16 figures,
11 tables,.and 162 references, 58,-of which are-Soviet.
In-t geokhimii i analiticheskoy khimii im. V. I. Vernadskogo
AN SSSR (Institute of Geochemistrv and Analvtical Chemistrv
Card 5/5

21 (8)
AUTHORS: Lavrukhina, A. K., Revina, L. D., .90V/20-125-3-18/63
Rakovskly, 2-.-Ye--.
TITLE: The Ftmetions of'the Ebccitation of Pragments of the Fission
of Lanthanum (Funktsii vozbuzhdeniya oskolkov deleniya
lantana)
PERIDDIGAL: Doklad y Akademii nauk SSSR, 1959, Viol 125, Nr 3,
PP 532-534 (USSR)
ABSTRACT: In the present paper the authors try to investigate the
excitation functions of the fission fragments
32 66 73
f l
th
th
P N
d S
i
e o
an
anum
n
e energy range
i , an
i40 660 Mev of the bombarding protons. The investigations
were carriecl out by means.of the synchrocyclotron of the
Oblyedinenny,y in.stitut yadernykh is8ledovaniy (United
Institute of Puclear Research). Powders of lanthanum oxide
(covered by an aluminum foil) were irradiated for 0.9 - 1
hour. Af ter the irradiation, the lanthanum oxide was
dissolved in concentrated hydrochloric, fvitl, an-J the
radioactive isotopes of nickel, selenium, and phosphorus wore
Card 1/4 removed on isotope carriers. The removal of Se, Ili, und I is

The Functions of the 1,;bccitation of Fragments of ths SOV/20-1 25-
Pission of Lanthanum,
discussed in detail. The results of these exDeriments are
shown in two diagrams which show the excitation functions
73 666 ' 32
of the fragments Se , Ni , and P of the fission of
lanthanum in the energy range 1110 - "'PSO 7-Tev of the incident
protons. Those results arn, % P-Ve-arc values of P
parallel experiments. For so 3at E'p 140 Hev and for
P32 at E = 220 Mev only a very low activity, (~5 pulses/min)
p
was observed, which permits the determination of the
"' 100 -'ev
production thresholds of these nuclei (E
thresh
for Se73 and Ethresh - 200 11ev for P3 The nuclei
investigated by the authors are interesting since 2 of then,
have a neutron excess (P32 and Ni 66 ) and the nucleus Se73
has a neutron deficit, The characteristic sharp ascent of the
curve s f ( TO ) for p3 2 and ,
P ,e73 beyond the threshold of
their production (if the en3rgy of the protons increase's)
Card 2/,r

Tl,a Functions of the Excitation of Firagmento of SOVI/20-125 - 3 -16/6 5
tho Fission of Lanthanulm
is indicative of :-. significant increase of the probability of
the asymmetric fia!;Aon of li.,,ntlvinum- nuclei in the investigated
66
energy range. The excitation function of Ni has a somewhat
different char-i.cter. The cross section.of th., nroduction of
66
111i variestylOtimes if E p rises from 140 to 660 Mlev. The
probability of the symmetric Tission of lant-hanum nuclei in
a lower degree depends on the energy of the incident protons.
This fact explains also the constancy of the cross section
P 300 - 6`0 ":ev.
of the fission of silver in-'he interval E IV C. ..
The rrrethod of the'thick-layer photo--Plates applied in the
present.~aper does not permit the recording of 'he pzoLiucts
of a strongly asymmetric fission. -'~ further invust_i,;~-t.L~n of
the excitation functions of the fission of thG nuclei of the
middle part of the periodical system is veryimpoz-tant for the
explanation.of the fission mt-chanism. The authors thank
L. P. ~Ioskaleva and M'. I. Blckhina fnr their help in t*---
carrying out of 'he present investigation. The-ra are ? f1glires
,_,r.rd VA and 14 references, 5 of which are Soviet.

Punctions of the Dccitation of Fragments of TM, SOv/,-O-I-,-:---m/"~
Fic.ion of Lanthanum
5 Z I "~ T 10 N :Institut geokhimii i nnalitiches-kor khimil im. V. 1.
Vernadskogo Akademii wiuk SSSR (Instuitnto of
and Analytical Cliemistry imeri V. T. Verna~ukiy oi.' tv;it~
Academy of Sciences USSR)
-RSSE'~TED: December 10, 1958, by A. P. Vinogradov, Acade-nicifin
December 5, 1958
Card 4/1~

19
2+_t7t
AUTHOR-. 30VI/20-129-6-,21/69
TITLE: The Problem of the (p,r;~) Reactions
PERIODICAL: Doklady Akademii nauk SSSR, 1959, Voll2q, Nr 6, pp 1277-1278
(USSR)
ABSTRACT-, It was Dossible to determinQ the reactions Si 30 (p'-"')Si31 and
Cu65(P,i,_)G. 66 at proton energies of from 200 to 660 ~.Iev by
meana of the radiochemical method. This fact is in eontradicti,,)n
to the T-resent conceptions o! nucleon-nucleon interaction5
within ihe rani,~e of hir~h energieL;. The possibility of the
0
develoDment of reactions in which only one pion departs in
each case follows from the data on the energy spectra of the
charged mesons produced in a collinion bet-,%reen 670-',-.Iev Protons
with carbon nuclei. The apectra of the positive and net~ative
pions have a maxi.,:nam in the energy range of -110 ;1ev ano
extend to 400 Mev. These spectra may possibly extend even
farther, viz. to the maximvm energy value possibIE- (470 Ylev)
corresponding to the reaction C 12 (p'-n')C 13. The development
Card 1/3 of the (P,r~t) reactions may possibly be exDlained accordint;

68isa
The Problem ofl~the (P,r..-+) Reactions SOV"20-129-6-21/69
to the theory of peripher,-;l collisions. The nost- interesting
data for the purpose of explainin-- (p,v:L) reactions are those
of Kh. F. Babayan, 117. L. Gri-vrorov, ct al. (Pef 6), according
11 12
to which 10 - 10 ev particles use up their entire energy
for the pro,luction of mesons in their interaction with iron
nuclei. In this case there in no successive interaction of the
primary particle with the nucleons of the nucleus or -with their
complexes, for the primary nucleon collides with the meson
cloud, and therefore the prob-ibility of the departiare of neoons
is great. At lower energies (up to I 13ev) the probability of
such peripheral collisions is very small, and they can be +\
detected only by employing very sensitive methods. The (P'T~--)
reactions observed by the author on complex nuclei hnve a
very small cross section and may apparently be examples of
peripheral collisions In this energi range, Therefore, reaction
investigations carri.,-,d out on other complex nuclei, in
pions fly off, an well aE3 furth~-r inve st igut ions of the anSular
distribution and energy distribution of their products will
render better understanding of the interacti-on tirocesses of
-V"ard 2/3 hi-vh-energyy particles with cor;'-;I,~x nuclei. possible.

f 8158
The Problem of the (Pllt�) Reactions
There are 6 Soviet references.
ASSOCIATION: Institut geokhimii i analitiches,:oy
Akademii nauk SS8R (Institute of
dski
Cbenistr.y iniQni V. 1.-Vprny
of the USSR)
PRESENTED.
STJ.V'-I ITTED:
SUOV/20-129-6-211/6-
khimii ir.. V.1,VernadsI,,o,-Io
-leochemistry and Analytical
of tbe kca6emy of Sciences
August 19, 1959, by A~ F. Vinoj-,radov, eicademician
August 11, 1959
Card 3/3

Lptv R L) K I
PHASE i BOOK M2LOITATION SOV/5410
Tashkentskaya konferentaiya po mirnomu ispollzovanlyu atomnoy
ener&ll, Tashkent, 1959-
Trudy (Transactions of the Tashkent Conference on the Peaceful
f
I
zes of Atarmic Energy) v. 2. Tashkent, Izd.:vo AII ITzSSR, 1960.
41.19 p. Errata slin inaerted. 1,500 copies printed.
Sponsoring Agency: Akademiya nauk Uzbckskoy SSR.
Reoponcible Ed,: S, V. Starodubtsev, Academician, Acada-my of
Srience3 Uzbek SSR. Editorial Board: A. A. Abdullayov, Can-
eidatc of Phl,rsic:. and Math2matI03; D. M.. Abdurarulov, Doctor
cf I-Tedical Sciences; U. A. Arlfov, Acadetaician, Academy of
Sciencea Uzbek SSR; A. A. Borodulina, Candidate of Biological
Sciences; V.' 11. Ivashev; G. S. lkrcmova; It. Ye. Xi~; Ye. M.
Lobanov, Candidate of Phynica and Nnthcm atlas; A. 1. Niholriyov,
Candidate or ll-.)dlcal Sciences; D. Vit3hanov, Candirlati of Chc,:Ical
S,:_Iencea; A. S. Sadykov, Correoponding Momber, Acadcmy of Sciences
USSR, Academician, Academy of Sciences Uzbek SSR; Yu.*N. Talanin,
Cav;__~

Tranvactions of the Tazhkent (Cont.) SO-VI5410
Candidate of PIrry2les and Mathematics; Ya. Mi. Turakulov, Doctor
of Biological Sciences. Ed.: R. 1. Khamidov; Tech, Ed.: A. G.
Babakbanova.
FU7G OSE : 7he publi~-ation is intended for soientific wcricerB and
enploy,~,d in enterpriaes uh'~re radicaet5ve ieotc-~cs
ar.-I nuclear radiat'lon are wed for re-,--c-arch in chemical, Gco-
IcSteal, and technological fleld3.
OOVEMGE: Thi-= collection of 133 articles rcpre!~enti the second
volume of the Clrant-,actiona of the Ta4shkent Conference on the
F,~~a^efuj Uses of Atomic Energy. The individual artl,,%len deal
with a wide range of proble-me in the field cf nuclear radiation,
including: produattcn and cherLical analyz~is ef radioactive
isotcpez; inwatigation of the kinet-4cs of chemical reactions
by means'of izotopes; applIcation of spectral analysia for the
manufacturing of radioactive preparations; radioactive methods
for determining the content of ele-ments, In the rocka; and an
analysis of methods for obtaining pure substances. Certain
Card 2/20

-.Transactio no of the Ta3hIcont (Cont. SOV/5410
Inatrum--ants used, such as automatic reculatoro, flot.,meterz,
level Saugeo, and high-sennitivity Cam-aa-ralays, are dooeribed.
ITO personalities are mentionod. Reforencoo follow individual
article5.
TABLE OF CONTENTS:
RADIOACTIVE ISOTOPES AND ITUCIZAR RADIATION
IN E110111MING AND GEOLOGY
Lobanov, Ye. M. [Institut yadernoy fizikl UzSSR - Institute or
Nuclear Physics AS UzSSR]. Application of Radioactive Isotopes
and Nuclear Radiation in Uzbekistan 7
Taksar, and V. A. Yanushlcovokiy (Institut fiziki JUT Latv
SSR - Institute of Physics AS Latvian SSRI. Problems of the
Typification of Automatic-Gontrol Apparatus Based on tfie Use of
Radioactivq Isotopes 9
Card 3/20

Franchuk, L. V. Sulima,
~Brcd~4"Iy.~ A. r. Aragcrov, 1. F.
1. 1.. 1%khtenko, V. A. L-nnenok, A. 3. Foraanlco, and A. 14. Alek-
0
S--*iTdftn [Inntitut fizie.hczkoy Minii M SSM - Institut or
_--hyAlral (7;hen,15try AS MR). InwotiaGion of the 112chanirm of.
07_%,,5t7~ing Reacticna by the Isotopic l'othod
tut gcokhinii i analiticheskoy Ithimii
A, K.
g,:, A-TI SSSP - lnttitutG of Geocho-iniotry and
_Ako
7hr-!z_t:r-y imeii V. 1. Vernad3kiy AS U33,111. -E--thods
of '~' -
Fadloatcmi5try and the Fields of Its Application
A., K. '11, rhrautov. and F. P. 14azarov. Cinsti-
I
rf Physl~al Chcm-1.3try AS USb3R), Study of the Adsorption
r~f A-~,,Icaline and Rare-Earth Elcmcnts on Black Earth by the
01racer Atom Me' cd
A. 1. [Tadzhik7:kiy gosudarstvennyy univerritet im.
D~niua-Tadzhik State University imeni V. 1. Lenin]. Co-
-'reolpitation of Small Quantities of Various Cations and Anions
A,
With T~etal Hydroxide&
Ampe~.Iogova, N. 1. [Radiyevyy institut im. V. G. Ehlopina
Card 16120
327
34
3
341
349

MOSKALWA, L.P.; KA.LYSHU, V.A.; SATAROTA, L.M.;
LLVRUKHIR, A.-K. -
r- -xusij
SU MWN-M su H=g
Angular distribution of &~4 nuclei and fission fragments
in the interaction of high energy protons with nuolel of
gold and uranium. Zbur.ekep.i teor.fiz* n0-3:994-993
Mr 160. (KM 13:7)
1. Institut geokhimi.1 i analiticbeekoy kbimii Akademii =u
SSSR,
(Sodium-Isotopes) (Protons) (1hiclear reactions)

22460
B/186/60/002,/001/014/022
A057/A129
AUTHORSs Lavrukhina, A.K.; Rodin, S.S.
---------------
TIM: Radiochemical Investigation of uranium fission products obtained by
000 Mev proton bombardment
PERIODICALs Radlokhimiya, v. 2, no. 1, 1960, 83 - 93
TEXT: Fission and spallation products of uranium obtained by bombardment
with 660 Nev protons were Investigated radiochemically. From experimental data
and results obtained by interpolation a full chart of residual nuclide products
is.prepared and basic regularities in their formation are determined. High-en-
ergy fission was discovered in 1947 by G.T. Seaborg et all [Ref. 1% Phys. Rev.
.72, 74o (,1947)). The present-authors started in 1955 detailed radiochemical in-
vestigations of fission products (in the Interval Z = 78 - 93) obtained by 66o A
Mev proton bombardment of uranium. Comparison with literature data on fission
products of copper and bismuth can give information concerning the dependence of
fission characteristics on the atomic number of the target-element (from Z = 29
up to Z.- 92).' A, Linder and R. Osborn's paper [Ref, 121 Phys. Rev., 103, 378
(1956)) on fission pr6duots obtained by 100 - 340 Mev proton bombardment of ura-
Card 119

22460
s/186/6o/oo2/ooi/o14/022
Radiqchemical investigation of uranium fissionwr.. A057/A129
nium in connection with the present results may give come informations on the ef-
feot of the bombardment energy in the range of 100 - 660 Mev on the yield of some
fission and spallation products. In the present work metallic uranium foils (0-3
- 0-5 9) were bombarded In a circulating 660 Mev proton beam of the synchro-cy-
clotron in the laboratoriya yadernykh problem Oblyedinennogo instituta yadernykh
issledovanly (Laboratory for Nuclear Problems of the Joint Institute of Nuclear
Investigations), varying the duration from 15 min to 2 h. After irradiation the
uranium foils were dissolved In HN03 or HCl adding H202, the elements Pt, Au, Hg,
Tl, Pb, Bl,. Po, At, Fr, Ra, Ac, Th, Pa, U and Np were separated by chemical proc-
esses and Identified by their radioactive properties. Activity measurements were
carried out with a standard end-window counter [of MCT-17 (MST-17) type] and
scintillation counter with ZnS(Ag) crystal. In the obtained uranium fission and
spallation products 42 nuelides in the interval of A = 188 - 237 with a half-life
T from 20 min to 140 days were identified (see Table 1). Relatively high yield
of neutron-excess nuclides was observed. Data were obtained by interpolation.
From the experimental and interpolation results distribution curves according to
the mass number were plotted (Fig. 4) and It was demonstrated that nuclides with
maximum yield are distributed close to nuclear stability curve. Distribution
curves for theelements Z-