SCIENTIFIC ABSTRACT YAKOVLEV, YU.P. - YAKOVLEVA, A.A.

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: Scientific Abstracts
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP86-00513R001961920017-5
• Release Decision: RIF
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 100
• Document Creation Date: November 2, 2016
• Document Release Date: March 15, 2001
• Sequence Number: 17
• Publication Date: December 31, 1967
• Content Type: SCIENTIFIC ABSTRACT

ACCESSION NR: AT-4017182 s/oooo/63/000/000/0364/0370
~AUTHOR: Balandin, G. F. (Moscowi; cow)
TITLE: The action of vibration on metals during crystallization
SOURCE: AN BSSRO Fiz.-tekhn. Institut. Teplofizlka v liteynom proizvodstve
(Thermal physics in the foundry industry). Minsk, 1963, 364-370
TOPIC TAGS: metal crystallization, crystallization, vibration.
ABSTRACT: Experience W th vibration during casting shows that it is possible to
eliminate or decrease defects in castings, specifically macro-chernical and
structural heterogeneity, porosity, and cracks. Under the prolonged actionof
vibration on the melt (in a vibrating mold), rapid cooling of the overheated melt
is observed. This may be explained by the intensive melting of the hard crust on
the surface. It Is noted that the action of vibration on the melt during cry-
stallization Ican also be produced by other types of external Influences (ultra-
sonic treatments of melts for casting and welding, periodic variation of speed
for-centrifugal casting, pouring of large castings through a cooled shaft, and
induction mixing of the me It during continuous casting). Orig. art. has: 3
figurcs.
~.Card )/2

ACCESSION NR- AT4oj6O74 S/2698/63/000/000/0287/0291
i
AUTHOR: Balandin, G. F.; Yakovlev, Yu_Z
TITLE: Effect of vibrations on the properties of cast metal
SOURCE: Soveshchaniye po teorit liteyny*kh protsessov. 8th, 1962. Mekhanicheskiye~.
svoystva litogo metalla (Mechanical properties of cast metal). Trudy* soveshchani-
-ya Moscow, lzd-vo AN SSSR, 1963, 287-291
TOPIC TAGS: casting, cast aluminum, cast steel, crystallization, grain size,
-vibration casting
ABSTRACT; Many laboratory and factory investigations have shown that the me-
chanical properties of castings are generally improved (hot crack formation and
liquation are reduced, corrosion resistance and density are increased) when cast-
Ing is performed with vibrations. in the casting laboratory of the MVTU, a pro-
cedure was developed for casting through a vibrating chute or funnel (shown in t-
Fig. I of the Enclosure) at 1,000 oscillations per minute. Vibrations of both
the mold and the funnel led to finer grain size because of the disintegration of
the solid phase. Tests were performed with Al-Si and AI-Cu alloys of known
strength near the solidus Point. Alloys with higher strength near the solidus
CoDr~i nt Aowed less disruption under the influence of-vibrations than alloys of

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ACCESSION NR: AT016074 ENCLOSURE: 01
Figure 1.
Semi-continuous casting through a vibrating chute (a) and
vibrating funnel (b)
~.1 crystallizer; 2 - vibrating pouring deyice; 3 vibrator;
4 fastening bracket
Card, 3/3
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ACCESSION NR: AT,1016073 8/2698/03/000/000/0276/0280
'A*UTHOR: BaIandin, G. n; Bini, E. Ch.; Solcolov, Ye. A.; Stepanov, Yu. A.;
Yakovlev, Yu. P.
TITLE: Influence of technological factors on the mechanical properties of tbin-walled
castings
SOURCE: Soveshchanlye po teorli liteyny*kh protsefisov. 8th, 1962. MeldianichoBICIye
svoystva litogo metalla (Mechanicalproperties of cast metal). Trudy* soveshchanlya.
Moscow, Izd-vo AN SSSR, 1963, 275-280
TQPIC TAGS: CaStirLg, casting technology, scpeeze casting, thin walled casting, aircraft,
part, casting mechanical property, aluminum alloy, magnosium alloy, crack formation
ABSTRACT: Many aircraft parts, especially remote-controlled guidance structures,
are made of large thin-walled pieces which are difficult W fabricate by rolling or pressing.,'
These structures are now often cast, but this becomes difficult if areas of 1 x 2 m and
thicknesses of only 2-2.5 mm are to be produced. The new technique of squeeze castin
has proven satisfactory for thin castings and large sizes. The disadvantage of this
method, however, is the formation of h& cracks while casting high-sixength or high-
temperature aluminuin and magnesium alloys. Iii the casting laboraU of the MVTU` Im.

ACCESSION NR: AT4016073,
Baumhna, parts with thicimesses below 2 mm were found to have low strength although
most specimens conformed to the specifications of GOST 2685-55. In analyzing some of
the reasons for the difficulties, particular, attention is paid to casting temperature and the
thiclmess of the cast (see the E nclosure). 'The temperature gradients arising In the alloy
during and after squeeze casting are also considered and held to be responsible for
-variations in mechanical properties. The authors did not come to any final condlusions
but suggest that further tests under actual working conditions should be porformed In order..
to find out whether there castingo can be used tuid are actually stronger than riveted or
welded structures. Orlg. art. has: 3 figures and 1 table.
ASSOCIATION: MVTUIm. Daumana
SUBMITTED: 00 DATE ACQ: 27Dec63 ENCL:02
SUB CODE; MM, AS NO REP SOV: 003 0770, R: 002
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ULANDIN., G.F.,-.kand. teldin. nauk, dotsent; GINI, E.Gh., kand. tekhn. nauk;
MAIWEILIKO YI1.p, aspirant; SOKOWV, Ye.A., inzh.; STEPANOV, Yu.A.,
.9 1 1
kand. tekhn. nauk, doteent; YAFOVWVj 11u.P., asppiT-ant
Role of technolblogical-factors in the formation of strength
of thin-i4alled castings. Izf. vyB.- ucheb. zav.; mashinostr.
no.2-160-173 , 164- (MIRA 17:5)
I. 'Moskovakoye saheye tek-linicheskoye uchilishche imeni
Baun a na.

L 19739-65 F.4T(m)/WP(b)/EfP(t) JD/MLK
ACCESSION NR: AT4048346 S/0000/64/000/000/0223/0227
AUTHOR: Balandin G. F., Gint, E. Ch.; Matveyko, Yu. P.; Sokolov, Ye. A..
Stepenov, Yu. A.; v u. P
TITLE: Formation of gas defects In thin-walled large-size rastings
SOURCE: AN SSSR K-Isslya eo tekhnologil mashinostrovenly.!I_. Gazy* viltom
s car
metalle (Gase in 't t. Is). Moscow, lzd-vo Nauka, 1964, 223-227
TOPIC TAGS: cast metal, cast aluminum, cast.manganese, mold filling, degassing,
gas defect, cas .ting porosity, gas blister, gas hollow
ABSTRACT; The authors consider defects of a gaseous origin In thin-walled large-
size panel-type castings with a body thickness of 2.5 - 3 mrn and a surface area
of up to 2 square meters. Such defects are conditionally divided Into three
groups: gas-shrinkage porosity, gas blisters In the body of the casting, and,
gas hollows or depressions an the surface& The Importance of the degassing of the
alloys (normally aluminum and manganese) of which these castings are generally
'manufactured Is discussed, and techniques which may be used for this purpose are
described. The relationship of the process of filling and ventilating the send
mold to the forMtIon of gas defects In thin-walled panel-type castings when the
latter are poured Into such molds, Is analyzed. The failure of efforts to remove
Card 1/3

L 19737-65
ACCESSION HR: AT4048346
the gas and air from the cavity of the mold by Improving the gas-permeability of
the mold mixture Is discussed on the basis of certain experiments which were car-
ried out along these lines. The technique of cutting escape channels along the
joining plane of both half-sections of the mold, In order to provide an escape
.passage for the gases and air, Is considered by the authors to be a reasonably
effectIvb procedure. The use of various special coverings on the mold surface In
order to secure improved filling qualities (hexachlorathane and acetylene black,
In particular) Is analyzed and experimental results are given. Certain other
chemical solvents are also discussed In this connection. The authors consider the
difficulties encountered In pouring thin-walled castings whose design Incorporates
bosses and fluted sections Into iiind-clay molds because of the Increased danger of
the formation of gas-orlglnated defects. Controlled taiVersture conditions duilng
the filling of the mold are recommended In this case. Problems arising from the
Improper position of the casting In the mold and Improper design of the mold It-
self ire discussed as they relate to the type of defect under consideration when
squeeze-pouring panel-type castings. Attention Is also called to the Importance of
the-correct selection of the dl* for the metallic half-forms of the mold, when
pouring thin-wal led castings. by the extrusion method, since In many cases this may
.be the direct cause of the formation of gas defects on the casting surface and a
source of gas saturation of the metal., took part In the
experimental work." OrIg. art. hass t4b T
Card 2/3

L 19739-65
ACCESSION NK: AT4048346
ASSOCIATlow,. none
ENCL: 00 sue CODEt W
SUBmITTEO:. 20MOY64
NO REF SOV, oo6 OTHERt 000
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ELERT G. K. I gornyy lnzh YAKOVUEV Yu.11. gornyy Inzh.; KIIVOSHCIIEVSKIY,
N.M., gornyy goi-nyy inei.
Y
New blasting method for caving the roof In longwalls and layers.
Ugol' 39 no.10:13-17 o 164. (MIRA 17:12)
1. VzryvPL-'IJ kombinata Kuzbassugoll.

L 53571-65 E-PA/:~YTW )/EF~ (nf'-2/E:&T(v-)/Epp.,/T-2/ajp(k)/F-PA(bb)-2
,Ff-4/Paa:r4/Fs-4 MU-4 -
iACCESSION NR: APS017869 M/02 86/6 5/ 000/01-1/0117 /0 117
621.438-546
AUTHOR: Belyayev, Yu. V.; Yakovlev. Yu. P.
;TITLE: A low power turbine. Class 46, No. 171696
Byp~4eten,l iz9breteniv i tovarnykh znakov, no. 11, 1965, 117
TOPIC TAGS: turbine evigine
1 .13
!ABSTRACT; This Author's Certificate introduces a low power turbine for driving
auxiliary aircraft equipment. The device contains a wheel which consists of two
discs with semivanes. One of the discs is rigidly fastened to a shaft while the
i
iother is mounted loosely on the hub of the rigidly fastened disc. The loose running
disc is connected to the vigidly fastened disc by a relative angular displacement
imechanism. The turbine is designed for improved operational reliability and smaLl
overall dimension. The relative n la displacement mechanism consists of radial
grooves cut into the free running disc. velled lugs on the rigidly fastened disc
jit intQ these grooves with a cerfa-Tin-clearance. Small balls am placed in the gap
formed between the edge of the groove and the bevelled edge of the lugs. Under the

L 58571-65
ACCESSION NR: AP5017869
action of centrifugal force, these balls create the moment for the necessary relative
angular displacement of the discs.
ASSOCIATIOd: none
SUBHITTED: 18J%in64
NO REF SOV: 000
EMCL: 01 SUB CODE: PR
OTHER: 000

~rv
58571-65
58f1lo-
ACCESSION NR: AP5017E.69
CE S
7
AC
ENCLOSURE:
. ... .....
I
Fig. 1--free running disc; 2--radial arooves; 3--bevelled lugs; 4--rigidly fasten-
ed disc; 5--edge of the groove; 6--bevelled edge of the J.ug; 7--ball
3-7
Z~jlll ljk~,,P~0*~'Z~Z;; ti~l.1-11.~-11,~~-.,Zl~l-"-,,~~~IA:4~z"~~,K~l-li~itqli~l%-"N~h,~I
Iggongm,

1 18268-65 EWT(d) P0-4/Pq-4/P9-4/Pk-4/Pl-4 IJP(c) BC
MMESSION NR. AP4048837 S/0119/64/000/011/0006/0009
X-.-Giriii S6rebryanskiY,-:A. _f~'.Ya&ovlev Yu S.
UTHO
TITLE: Dynamic characteristics of an RPI controller
11, 1964, 6-9
SOURCE: Pribdrostroyeniye, no.
TOPIC TAGS: controller RPI controller
'
A n :Th p i ciple of operation as well as the characteristics of a
BSTR A C' e r n
electl-ic general -purpose RPI industrial controller are described; a
functional diagram and a simplified connection diagram are given. A theoretical
evaluation is presented of the effect of the relay characteristics, direct-channel
inertia, magnetic and final amplifiers. inertia upon dynamic characteristics of the
controller. These conclusions are offered: .(I) The direct-channel inertia and
trigger paramete rs result in a k - f (Ain ) relation, where k is the controller gain
and Ain is the amplitude of the input signal, which affects the stability of an

Card

YAKOVLEV, Yu. S. (Engr.-Caji.-tieutenixnt) ---- ---- -
Analytical Method of Determining the Transverse Launching of Naval Vessels
(Analiticheskiy Meioda Rascheta Poperechnovo Spuska Korabley). Engineer-Rear-Admiral
N. V. AlekBeyev (ed.) under general.supervision of the Chief of the Main Directorate
of Naval. Vessel Construction, Engineer-Vice-Admiral N. V. Isacheakov. Military Press
of the,Ministry,of Armed Forces, Moscow, 1947. 174 pp. Illustr. Gives address of the
Central Scientific Research Institute of Naval Vessel Construction of the Soviet Navy
as 3 Philosophy Lane, Leningrad.
~~Book'D 198267, 24 Jan 55

____ - - ------- ~ 11 - _- __ - __
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- - - -:1 - -

PHASE I BOOK EXPLOITATION SOV/6050
Yakovlev, Yuriy Sergeyevich
Gidrodinamika vzryva (Hydrodynamics of an Explosion) Leningrad, Sudpromgiz,
1961. 312 p. 2500 copies printed.
Reviewers: P. F. Fomin, Engineer Vice-Admiral; V. S. Chuvikovskiy, Can-
didate of Technical Sciences; Scientific Ed.:-.A. N. Patrashev, Doctor of
Technical Sciences, Professor, Honored Scientist and Technologist of the
RSFSR; Ed.: A. G. Fomichev; Tech. Ed.: Yu. N. Korovenko.
PURPOSE: This book is intended for specialists in the applications of the theory
of explosion. It may also be useful to specialized students and aspirants
and to shipbuilders.
COVERAGE: The general mechanism of shock-wave propagation is presented.
The approximate relationships used to estimate hydrodynamic fields in
Card 1/1

Hydrodynamics of an Explosion SOV/6050
explosions in unbounded fluid, the simple boundary-value problems in the
theory of explosion, and the basic topics in the external-force problem are
discussed, and seismic,explosion waves (used in the study of the ~!arthlt
crustal structure and in mineral prospecting) are considered. Examples
accompany some chapters. The book was written to fill a gap in the Soviet
literature. There are 54 references: 51 Soviet (including 3 translations) and
3 English.
TABLE OF CONTENTS:
Introduction -z-
6
Ch. 1. General Mechanism of Shock- Wave Propagation 9
1. Explosion presented from the hydrodynamics point of view 9
2. Brief information on thermodynamics 10
3. Strong discontinuities in gas dynamics 16
4. Condifions,df -dynamic compatibility. Dynamic
adiabatic curve 23
5. Differential equations of gas dynamics. Bernoulli equation 33
Card 2/f 2,
7Y,

YAKOVIXV Tu V
[Quantitative determination of Impurities in high3y pure metals
by means of radioactivation &aalysis] Kolichestivennoe opredelenie
primesai T metallakh vysokoi chiatoty metodom. radioak-tivatsionnogo
liza. Moskva, 1955# 16 po (NIRA 3-4:7)
(Rare earth metals-Analysis) . (Metals.-Analysis)
(Radioactive isotopes-Industrial applications)

, "". I '. ; ; . , '. ., ~f .. A , - . - . . - -- -.-

lyakaillevi
USSR./ Solid State P)-~:~A.-cs /,Phase Tr.,~'.:.f -mations in Solid E-6
Bodies
Abs Jour Ref Zhur Flzika, No. 5.~ 1957 No. 11700
Author Yakovlev, Yu. V.
.Inst
Title Quantitative Determination of Impurities in High-Purity
Metals by Radioaotivation Analysis Method.
Orig Pub Issledovanuja v obl geologii, kchimii i metallurgii. M.,
Izd - vo AN SSSR, 1;55, 90 104
Abstract t No abstract.
Card: 1/1
-~T
~q
R

ZOLOTOV, Yu.A.; YAKOVI97L.,,1AA_Y~._,
Problems of analytical chemistry at the All-Union Scientific and
Technical Conference an utiliz ation of radioactive and stable
isotopes and irradiations in national economy and science. Zhur.
anal.ld-iim. 12 no*4:570-571 Jl-Ag 157. (MIRA 10*10)
(Moscow-Isotopes)

"Applications of Radioactivation Analysis in Metallurgy."
report to be submitted at'.the Colloquium on Radicactivation Analysis, Vienna,
Austria, 1-3 June 1959.
Inst. affil: Inst. of Geochemistry and Analystical Chemistry im V. I.
Vernadskiy, Moscow
Wr
MTI

Vo-
PHASE I BOOK EIPLOITATION SOV/3818
Postoyannyy mezILInstitutsIdy kollok7ium po tverdym fazen peremennogo sosta7a
Kaebestvo materialov d1ya poluprovodnikovoy tekhniki (Quality of Materials for
Semiconductor Technology) Moscov Mettalurgizdat., 1959. 192 p. (Series:
Its: Trudyx 1957-1958o vn. 8-301 3,600 copies printed.
Sponsoring Agencies: USSR. Sovet Ministrov. Gosudwstvennyy komitet po Ichinii;
Akadeniya nauk SSSR. Fiziko-lihimicheskiy I=titut imeni L.Ya. Karpova.
Ed. (Title Page): B.F. Orwntp Professor; Ed. (Inside Book): Yu.V. Yakovley;
Ed. of Publishing House: L.M. 219kind; Tech. Ed.: P.G.~ Islentlyeva;
Editorial Board of Series: 1,P. Alimarin,, Corresponding Kanber., Academy of
Sciences USSR., Geochemistry Institute., M.V. Grigorlyev, Scientific Resj3arch
Institute, Committee on Radioelectronics, R.P. Lastrivskiy, Professor, Institute
of Chemical Reagents, Chemistry Committee, B.F. Ormnt,, Professor, Academy of
Sclencep.USSRp Institute of Physics and Chemistry imeni L.Ya. Karpov,
B.L. Pbrozhenko, State Rare Metals Scientific Research Institutep N.F. Bazhinp
Corresponding Member, Academy of Sciences USSR., State Rare Metals Scientific
C arci lie

Quality of Materials for Semiconductor Technology SOV/3818
Research Institute,, G.Ya. Taragov., Scientific Research Institate,, Committee on
Radioelectronics., Yu.V. Yakar-lev, (Reap. Secretary of the Board) Institute of
Geochemistry, AcidiaW 'ofSeiences M9R.
PURPOSE: This book is intended for technical personnel engaged in the manufacture
and utilization of semiconductors.
COVERAGE: This book treats methods of obtaining quality semiconductor materials
and presents current standardized specifications for semiconductors and mmd-liary
materials. The book is divided into three parts. 'Part I consists of 16 reports
delivered at two conferences in January 1957 and December 1958 at the Fiziko-
Ichimicheskiy institut imeni L.Ya. Fm-pova (Institute of Physics and Chemistry
imeni L.Ya. Karpov) by members of 36 participating institutes and industrial
plants. The reports deal with the standardization of characteristics of pux-e
semiconductor materials and describe spectral and spectrochemical. analysis,
and chemical., vacuum-fusion., polarographic., and radioaf-,tivation methods for
studying semiconductor materials and determining impurities in them., along with
the-ftaipment used,* Fait II and III include specifications approved at the
-second conference. The following organizations participated in the 'work of
preparing the specifications: Institute imeni L.7a. Karpov, GROXhIl IFMA, Nil
of the Comittee on Radio Electronics"Vsesoyuznyy.a3,vuminevo-magniyevyy inatitut
(All-Union AlumLmum and Magnesium InstitatO)p Vs*esoyuznyy institut aviatsionnykh
C ard 2/8

Quality of Materials for Semiconductor Technology SOV/3818
materi.alov (All-Uidon Institute of Aviation Materials).. DMT AN 300,9
Gipronikelt., Gintsvetmet., MU.. Tecbacal Administration of the former
Ministry of Nonferrms Netallurgy., Giredmet,, Shchekovekiy Chemical Plwt
of JUMP, N=.. OKB.. GIGKhS, YTI, N= NRTP, Stalin Plant of Chemical Agents,
Sverdlawskiy Plant of Chemical Agents., "Krasnyy khlmik" Plant, VANI..
Giprotsvetmetobrabotka, MuUnov kiy Plant of Elektrougoll, Elektrougollnyy
naucbno-ibsledovatellskiy Institut (Electrode-Carbon Scientific Research
Institate) of Gosplan USSR, and Nauchno-issledovatellskiy in6titat kislorodnovo
mashin stroyeniya (Scientific Research Institate of Oxygen Equipment). No
personalities are mentioned. References accompany 15 of the reports in Par'. 1.
TANX OF CONTEM:
Ormont, B.F.j, Professor [Chairman of the Permanent Interinstitute Colloquium on
So3id Phases of Variable Composition]. Foreword 3

Quality of Materials for Semiconductor Technology SOV/3818
PAW 1. PIMMS ON METHODS FCR TEE CaWION OF
ULTRAMICRODUMMINS Iff SMCOIMEICTOR MATERIALS PRESENTED
AT THE CONFERE11CES ON THE qUAL;rZY OF SMCONDUCTOR MATERIALS
Alimarin., I.P. [CWOKhI AN SM . (Institate of Geochemistry and
Analytical Chemistry imeni V.I. Vernadskiy,, Academy of Sciences USSRB,
Pilatklems of Analytical Chemistry of Semiconductom
Shafran, I.G. [UM MW SSSR (All-Union Scientific Research Institute
of Chemical Reagents)l Chemical Methods for the Determination of
Microlxparities in- a lfumb~r of, Slabstances of Hi& Parity
Tu;ovtseva., Z.H. [WMI AN SSW. Apparatus and Methods for the
Determination of Gizes in Metals by the Vacm=-Iftsion Method
Kuninp L,L, [T61=CbKWT-., (Central Scientific Research Institute of
Ferrous Metals)IFieperiment on the Deterzination of Gmeo in Metals by
the Vacuum-Pusion Method and the Possible Use of This Method for the
Analyids'of Semiconductor Materials
Card 4/8
13
23
30

Quality of Materials for Semiconductor Technology 807/3818
ablIthshteyn.. Ya.P.,, and A.M. Demkin [GROKU AN SSSR1. Pbl=graphic
Quantitative Deteivination'of Copper., Bismthj, Lead and Titanium
Mgpirities in Metal3iferous Silicon 41
Yakovlev, Yu,V,p and L 'P, Alinarin (GEOMil AN SM]. Determination of
rities in Semiconductors and Pare Metals by Radioactivation Analysis 54
Kulaks A.I. [NOTI imeni D.I. Mendeleyeva (Moscow Chemical and Techno-
logical Institute imeni D.I. Mendeleyevg. Determination of Nicroim-
purities of Certain Elements in Antimony and Gold by the Radioactivation
Method 60
Breger,, AJM.,, B.F. Ormonts V.S., Kutsev., B.A. Chapyzhnikov,, V.A. Miramchenkov.,
and B.I. Viting [I49xI imeni L.Ya. Karpaira. - (Physics and Chemistz~r
Institute imeni L.Ya. Karpavj The Radioac-,Uvatia Method of Wtermining
Oxygen in Semiconductors and Metals by-Reaction O-LD ( Y ; n) 0'2 68
ShvangLradze., R.R.,, T.A. Mozgovaya,, and N.V. Simonova. Spectral Deter-
minatift of Muparities in Certain Pare Substances 72
Car& 5/8

Quality of Materials for SemiconductorTechnol-orgy SOV/3418
Borovskiy,, LB. [DW AN SM - (Institate of Metallwg3r imeni
A.A. Baykov AS UM& New Method of Studying the Comppoition of
Nicrov o of a Substance
.pics Institute iseni, P.N. Ubedev.,
Rzhano,00 A.V. (FIAN., (Pa
Academy of Sciences tOW& Blectrophysical Method of Determining
Microinputities In Seadconductors
Kupriyanov., S.Ye. [MI. imni L.Ya. Karpzval. Use of an M-1 Mass
Spectrometer in Analysis of Inert Gases an& Determination of Small
Quantities of Impirities in Them
OrmDnt,, B.F. tMI imni, L.Ya. Karpova]. Concerning the Problem of
Stmhdardizing the Characteristics of High-Purity Semiconductor Materials
Solodavnik,, 8,M.., L.S. Vasilevskaya.. and A.I. Kondrashina tGiredmet
(State Institute of Raze Xetalsj. Spectrochemical Analysts of Elementary
Silicon., Silicon Dioxidej, Rydrofluoric Acid., Nitri~ Acidp and Hydrochloric
Acid
Card 6/8
81
95
104
108
116

YAKOUEV, Yu. V., ALIMARIN, I. P.
- - ------------
"Opportunities In the Use of Hodern Methods for the Determination
Of Ultra-Small.Amounts of Impurities -L-i Ultra-Pure "lla-terials."
submitted at the Conference on Kinetic Methods of Analysis, Ivanovo,
14-16 June 1960
So: Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh.Zavedeniy S35R, Khimiya i Khimicheskaya
Technologiya, Vol III, No 6 Ivanavo, 1960, pages 1113-1116.

20622
S/06-/60/605/00-5/011/021
A051/A629
AUTHORSs Baranorg V.I., Professo::-, Szrkov, Yu~A., Cherno,rp G*M.q
Yakovlevp Yu.V.
TITLEs Radioactivation Analyais of' Pure Materials and Prospeo'1*9 of L-,a
Development
PERIODICALs Zhurnall Vaesoyuznogo Khimioheskogo Obahchestva im. D.1.
Mendeleyevaq 19609 No. 59 Vol. pp. 970-573
TEXTs The radioactivation analysi3 mmliod i~~ used foz the determination of
pure materials in the semil~=Adurtzax &-ad =eai4to.--1ui1ding industriae. It is
highly sensitiveg depending on 11hc magnituds of the fl-ax of bombarding
particles,and the cross-s&otlon of tlh,~ nntivati*n Qf a given element, i.e.,
its spec-iflcity.j there is n..) ne-.ersity fer a quantitati-re separation of the
traces of the elementS,no -~;orre3tion f~~r thrt~ e4~nt.-oi test (Ref 7-10)- In
the more recent applicatl jn of the method gamn -sre,.-Ar;-isoopy 11; used (Ref.
13-15) which reduces the ruaber of chamina.1 eepa~ratlons of the analyzed
Card-1/10

20622
S/063/60/005/005/011/021
A051/AO29
Radioactivation Analysis of Pura Yaterial'a and Prospects of its De7elopment
samples. By- applying gamma a r-ontinuo-as 3heok of 'he aocuzacy
and purity of the ohemi-,al ope~-ationg oan be ~-arried out, contrary to the
usual calculation of the A atudy of the sp;i~::trum obtained
leads to an-estimation of the qual-Itati-ye pu,--Ity of the se;axated sample
according to the en6rgies of 1Vh6 characteristia gamma-ray-q. The amount of
admixture from the areas of th6 spectra
-present in the sample iri dleterm-Ined V
sections corresponding to the activated isotope of this admixture. The
measurement of the area of.the photopeak is done by approximation of.the
photopeak contour of the Gau5sian &.?ror -,ur-ve, If the sample i~ndex invest-i-
gation does not emit gamma-xrays,oz~ if its half-life is so alight that it
completely decays by the time the meanuxements are made, then the gamma-
scintillation spectrometer introduoen new possibilitiaa for coping with this
problem. Referenoe is made to a numzbe-r of publioatione dedicated to the
application of gamma-speatzoacopy (Ref.16-19). The authors of this article
conducted a radioactivation analye-'-i of admixtu-rea in materials used in the
semiconductor-manufacturing industzy Ard list the obtained results. Ad-
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A051Ac2q
Radioaotivation Analysio of Pure Materiala and Pzospeots of Its Dovelopment
mixture detection in gilicon vas ca-nried out Using a 50-channel so'-ntillia-
tion spectrometer. A 40 x 40 mm RaJ(Tl) .,rystal served as the emission de-
teotor and the T9Y-C'FEU-S) photomultiplier was ueed. The detector was sur-
rounded by a lead shield. Ths impulaeg from the photomultiplie.- reached the
50-channel amplitude analyzer throu gh the linea:- amplifier and discriminator.
The analyzer is based on tha principle of transformation of the pulses in
time, combined with the memo--y do-.ice on an ordin&ry electrostatic cathode-
ray tube. Recording of the signaI3 on the analyzer -1;ubs renders it possible
to obtain the spectrum image on a linear scale w1th an u-nlimited cWel
4-
capacity. The rosolution. of the gAmma-apectrome s3r m asured by Ca .3 is
The estimated Zn OontAnt wan 1*10-54, arsenio 1.2010-1%, copper and Salliam
2-3.10-7%. Pig.i shows the gamma-spectrum of the activated silicon sample.
Further work was carried on the same gamma-spectzometer Without chemical
processing of the sample bfing analyzed for determining admixtures of Ma,
Znq Cuq As and Sb in as-ve~-a-l a4mplas of thallium metal. A weighed batch
(about 0.5 9) of the sample and s1V-&r_,d&zdq in 4%6 form of miaz.:quantiti6s of
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A051YA029
Radioactivati,~n Analysis of Fiire Materials and. Prospe-ota of Its De-?elopment
salts of the elenents being determined were plaoed into quartzite containers
previously processed wit-h hot aq-tza regia, and then rinsed with water, alcohol
and ether. The oonta~_ners were -wrapped i-n fo ; plaoed into ~J_umi-
num cases and irradiated in a neutron flux of about 101i neutr. ps~ em * see
for 24-28 hours. After a ohemical purification from impurities, p.-imarily
Na, the standards and samplee were measuzed in the gamma-spectromete=. In
analyzing thallium on the gamma-speGtrometer a difficulty ariseag although
T1204 formed in the reactor is a 3--emitter with a transition to the main
level,,about 3qo of its decay is due to K.-captures. Thus a charaeteristic
X-ray emission with an energy of about 75 Kev occurs, which renders the
analysis difficult for small quantitiev of admixtures. Pig.2 shows the
spectra of two investigated samples of thallium. The curve of the
photopeak of Ae+Sb showed that it is.mafnly due to A97ge0ay
(T 26 hours).
ZA/2
Table 1 shows the result of the determination of Mn, Cu, Sb aad As ad-
mixtures in the thallium sample. The Quantitative analysis-of the admix-
tures was carried out by oomparing the areas or the photopeak heights of the
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A051/AO29
Radioactivation Analysis of Pure Materials and Prospects of its Development
sample being analyzed and the standards relative to one moment of time.
C'drrection for the geometry wau not introduced, since the samples and stard.-
were measured under nimila_- condition.". The admixture content (in %)
was estimated after calculating the absolute mass of the admixture. Table 2
gives the results of the analysis of se7eral samples of graphite, also
carried out on the gamma-spectrometer without chemical separation. In dis-
oussing the future prospects of developing the radioaotivat.-ion method of
analysis the authors point out some of the difficulties in applying it. The
main difficulty is given as being the fact that most substances:, -Then activat-
ed with neutrons become gamma-emitt,.~r3 themselves. Germanium is given ae an
example. Another difficulty lie.3 in the proceesing of the gamma-spectrum
obtained in the spectrometer due to the occ-urri.ag compten electrons Which
give a continuous distribution of the pulseE or, the spectrum. A third diffi-
culty is the detection of admixtures witb a small yield, giving photopeaks
which are weak in their intensity. The authors further state that one of
the main problems which lie ahead in this connection is the development of
Card 5/10
M
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R,~-z g" tXg jkV
~P HIM
M
"M
_'T .0
-M
t

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A051/AO29
Radioaotivation Analysis of Pure Materials and P--ospects of its Development
new effeetive'methods of chemical purification of ultra-small quantities
of admixtures from the basic component having gamma-activity. The chemical
purification in this case must not taks utp too much time, since the decay
of the short-l--v-4ng activity lowers the sensitivity of the acti-ration ana..
lysis. By developing the described methods, gamma-spectroscopy will become
applicable for analyzing materials, which, when activated, become intensive
gamma-emitters themselves. It is fuzther recommended to decrease the comp-
ton background by using more perfected spectroscopic apparatus. The authors
have developed a one-channel double-crystal counting gamma-spectrometer with
automatic recording of the spectza (Ref-23). It is based on the princip1c.
of the simultaneous recording of the gamma-spectrum by two different crystals
with subsequent counting of the o1b;tained spectra in a corresponding differ-
ence scheme. A third aspect' is the application of the double-crystall spec,
trometer for significantly increasing the seneit_J-~rity of the method W4 thout
lessening the effectiveness and resolving-power. The authors point out the
necessity of developing an activat--on method for the analysis of short-lived
Card 6/10
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g -',A tm :ffi g
Ag,
N -M
RO -~VR_
P

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A051/A029
Radioactivation Analysis of Pure Materials and Prospects of Its Development
isotopes. When investigating the admixtures of short-lived radioactivity,
the activation analysis should becarried out near the reactor for this
reason. The radio-chemical operations should be eliminated. Pinally, the
authors.suggest that in order to detect certain elements by the activation
method, it would be most feasible to use fast neutron fluxes. In the case
.of detecting Al*an~ blg admixtures, for examp e the reaction on fast neutrons
..-should be used: Al 7(n,cL)Na24 and Mg 24(n,p)xa24. The reaction on neutrons
in the resonance energy field might also prove useful in this connection.
Asignificant increase in the monochromatic neutron flux would then be nec-
essary, The activation analysis method -should be developed toward a. cais-tant
minimimilloss in its performance and toward increasing its productivity. Auto-
mation of measurements is suggested, as well as of the r;sult processing,
yielding a complete analytical chart of the sample. This can be facilitated
by introducing into industry the activation method of analysis of elements
by the computing technique. There are 3 -figures;..:, 2 tables end 23 re-
ferences: 9 Soviet, 14 English.
Card 7/10

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A051AO29
Radioactivation Analysis of Pure Mate rials and Prospects of Its Development

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aotivated sample of Gamma-sp ectrum of tio activated
';,Card 8/10 silicon. samples of thallium

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A051/AO29
Radioactivation Analysis of pure Materials and Frospeots of Its De-'elopment
Table 1z Rea-ults of analysis of highly-pur"fied thallium
Admixtures bein g determined, in
Sample No.
Yn cu Zn S~' As

1

,90410-7

X.10 6
Z-A*iO-

10-6
2
2 1 3-10-7 1.10-7
9. 10-6
4-10-5 -4 5.10-6

3
4- 10-
198,10-7 6
Z. - 10- 6
i.io

4 9
4- 10-*
::::~l - 10-7 6