Introduction
Background
Burkina Faso achieved independence from France in 1960. Repeated military coups have been the norm for much of the country's history. Terrorism, recurring drought, food insecurity, and poverty are among Burkina Faso's ongoing problems.
Geography
Area
total: 274,200 sq km
land: 273,800 sq km
water: 400 sq km
Climate
three climate zones including a hot tropical savanna with a short rainy season in the southern half, a tropical hot semi-arid steppe climate typical of the Sahel region in the northern half, and small area of hot desert in the very north of the country bordering the Sahara Desert
Natural resources
gold, manganese, zinc, limestone, marble, phosphates, pumice, salt
People and Society
Population
total: 23,042,199
male: 11,297,749
female: 11,744,450 (2024 est.)
Ethnic groups
Mossi 53.7%, Fulani (Peuhl) 6.8%, Gurunsi 5.9%, Bissa 5.4%, Gurma 5.2%, Bobo 3.4%, Senufo 2.2%, Bissa 1.5%, Lobi 1.5%, Tuareg/Bella 0.1%, other 12.8%, foreign 0.7% (2021 est.)
Languages
Mossi 52.9%, Fula 7.8%, Gourmantche 6.8%, Dyula 5.7%, Bissa 3.3%, Gurunsi 3.2%, French (official) 2.2%, Bwamu 2%, Dagara 2%, San 1.7%, Marka 1.6%, Bobo 1.5%, Senufo 1.5%, Lobi 1.2%, other 6.6% (2019 est.)
Religions
Muslim 63.8%, Roman Catholic 20.1%, Animiste 9%, Protestant 6.2%, other 0.2%, none 0.7% (2019 est.)
Population growth rate
2.4% (2024 est.)
Government
Government type
presidential republic
Capital
name: Ouagadougou
Executive branch
chief of state: transitional President Capt. Ibrahim TRAORE (since 30 September 2022); note - on 30 September 2022, a military junta, led by TRAORE, took power and ousted Transition President Lt. Col. Paul-Henri Sandaogo DAMIBA and took over as head of the Patriotic Movement for Safeguard and Restoration
head of government: Prime Minister Joachim KYLEM DE TAMBELA (since 21 October 2022); note - transitional President TRAORE appointed KYLEM DE TAMBELA Prime Minister on 21 October 2022; the position had been vacant since 30 September 2022 when the military ousted former Prime Minister Albert OUEDRAOGO
Legislative branch
description: prior to the 2022 coups and adhoc suspension of laws and constitutional provisions, unicameral National Assembly (127 seats; 111 members directly elected in 13 multi-seat constituencies by party-list proportional representation vote and 26 members elected in a nationwide constituency by proportional representation vote; members serve 5-year terms); 71-member Transitional Legislative Assembly (ALT) appointed by the military junta in 2022 indefinitely replaced the National Assembly
Economy
Economic overview
highly agrarian, low-income economy; limited natural resources; widespread poverty; terrorism disrupting potential economic activity; improving trade balance via increases in gold exports; economy inflating after prior deflation; growing public debt but still manageable
Real GDP (purchasing power parity)
$48.949 billion (2022 est.)
$48.093 billion (2021 est.)
$44.973 billion (2020 est.)
Real GDP per capita
$2,200 (2022 est.)
$2,200 (2021 est.)
$2,100 (2020 est.)
Agricultural products
sorghum, maize, fruits, vegetables, millet, cowpeas, cotton, groundnuts, sugarcane, rice (2022)
Industries
cotton lint, beverages, agricultural processing, soap, cigarettes, textiles, gold
Exports
$6.234 billion (2021 est.)
$5.356 billion (2020 est.)
$4.468 billion (2019 est.)
Exports - partners
Switzerland 74%, UAE 7%, Mali 4%, Singapore 2%, Cote d'Ivoire 2% (2022)
Exports - commodities
gold, cotton, oil seeds, coconuts/Brazil nuts/cashews, zinc ore (2022)
Imports
$5.835 billion (2021 est.)
$4.779 billion (2020 est.)
$5.023 billion (2019 est.)
Imports - partners
Cote d'Ivoire 16%, China 12%, Russia 7%, France 7%, Ghana 5% (2022)
Imports - commodities
refined petroleum, electricity, packaged medicine, plastic products, natural gas (2022)
Exchange rates
Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XOF) per US dollar -
Exchange rates:
623.76 (2022 est.)
554.531 (2021 est.)
575.586 (2020 est.)
585.911 (2019 est.)
555.446 (2018 est.)
Page last updated: Tuesday, May 07, 2024
