Introduction
Background
Cameroon resulted from the merger of former French Cameroon and British Cameroon in the early 1960s. The country has generally enjoyed stability, permitting the development of agriculture, roads, railways, and a petroleum industry.
Geography
Area
total: 475,440 sq km
land: 472,710 sq km
water: 2,730 sq km
Climate
varies with terrain, from tropical along coast to semiarid and hot in north
Natural resources
petroleum, bauxite, iron ore, timber, hydropower
People and Society
Population
30,135,732 (2023 est.)
Ethnic groups
Bamileke-Bamu 24.3%, Beti/Bassa, Mbam 21.6%, Biu-Mandara 14.6%, Arab-Choa/Hausa/Kanuri 11%, Adamawa-Ubangi, 9.8%, Grassfields 7.7%, Kako, Meka/Pygmy 3.3%, Cotier/Ngoe/Oroko 2.7%, Southwestern Bantu 0.7%, foreign/other ethnic group 4.5% (2018 est.)
Languages
24 major African language groups, English (official), French (official)
Religions
Roman Catholic 38.3%, Protestant 25.5%, other Christian 6.9%, Muslim 24.4%, animist 2.2%, other 0.5%, none 2.2% (2018 est.)
Population growth rate
2.73% (2023 est.)
Government
Government type
presidential republic
Capital
name: Yaounde
Executive branch
chief of state: President Paul BIYA (since 6 November 1982)
head of government: Prime Minister Joseph Dion NGUTE (since 4 January 2019)
Legislative branch
description: bicameral Parliament or Parlement consists of:
Senate or Senat (100 seats; 70 members indirectly elected by regional councils and 30 appointed by the president; members serve 5-year terms)
National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (180 seats; members directly elected in 49 single and multi-seat constituencies by simple majority vote to serve 5-year terms)
Economy
Economic overview
largest CEMAC economy with many natural resources; recent political instability and terrorism reducing economic output; systemic corruption; poor property rights enforcement; increasing poverty in northern regions
Real GDP (purchasing power parity)
$103.941 billion (2022 est.)
$100.346 billion (2021 est.)
$97.103 billion (2020 est.)
Real GDP per capita
$3,700 (2022 est.)
$3,700 (2021 est.)
$3,700 (2020 est.)
Agricultural products
cassava, plantains, maize, oil palm fruit, taro, sugar cane, sorghum, tomatoes, bananas, vegetables
Industries
petroleum production and refining, aluminum production, food processing, light consumer goods, textiles, lumber, ship repair
Exports
$8.641 billion (2022 est.)
$7.447 billion (2021 est.)
$6.124 billion (2020 est.)
Exports - partners
China 17%, Netherlands 14%, Italy 9%, United Arab Emirates 8%, India 7%, United States 6%, Belgium 6%, Spain 5%, France 5% (2019)
Exports - commodities
crude petroleum, natural gas, cocoa beans, lumber, gold, bananas (2021)
Imports
$9.759 billion (2022 est.)
$9.025 billion (2021 est.)
$7.212 billion (2020 est.)
Imports - partners
China 28%, Nigeria 15%, France 9%, Belgium 6% (2019)
Imports - commodities
crude petroleum, scrap vessels, rice, special purpose ships, packaged medicines (2019)
Exchange rates
Cooperation Financiere en Afrique Centrale francs (XAF) per US dollar -
Exchange rates:
623.76 (2022 est.)
554.531 (2021 est.)
575.586 (2020 est.)
585.911 (2019 est.)
555.446 (2018 est.)
Page last updated: Tuesday, April 16, 2024
