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Colombia

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Cartagena is a city and major port on the northern coast of Colombia. Founded in 1533, it was a center of political, ecclesiastical, and economic activity and one of Spain’s most important colonies in the Americas.
Street scene in the northern city of Cartagena, Colombia. The city's colonial walled section and fortress have been designated a UNESCO World Heritage site.
More than half of the emeralds in the world come from Colombia. These emeralds are highly prized for their rare deep-green color, and the 167-carat Mackay Emerald (pictured) from Colombia is the largest cut emerald in the Smithsonian National Gem Collection. The Art Deco-style necklace was a wedding gift in 1931 from Clarence Mackay to his wife, Anna Case, a world-renowned soprano at the New York Metropolitan Opera from 1909 to 1920. The singer bequeathed the necklace to the Smithsonian when she died in 1984. Photo courtesy of the Smithsonian Institution.
The Cattleya trianae orchid is the national flower of Colombia and is named in honor of the 19th-century Colombian botanist Jose Jeronimo Triana.
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