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Germany

Europe

Photos of Germany

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Albrechtsburg Castle and the Meissen Cathedral overlooking the city of Meissen, Germany, known as the "cradle of Saxony." The castle, designed in late Gothic style, was constructed in the 15th century as a residence. It is now a museum with murals illustrating the history of Saxony Meissen. The Gothic Meissen Cathedral, begun in 1260 on the same hill as the castle, is one of the smallest cathedrals in Europe.
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Contents

Introduction

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Visit the Definitions and Notes page to view a description of each topic.

Definitions and Notes
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Geography

Area

comparison ranking: total 64

Area - comparative

Area comparison map:
<p>three times the size of Pennsylvania; slightly smaller than Montana</p>

People and Society

Languages

German audio sample:

Age structure

2024 population pyramid:
This is the population pyramid for Germany. A population pyramid illustrates the age and sex structure of a country's population and may provide insights about political and social stability, as well as economic development. The population is distributed along the horizontal axis, with males shown on the left and females on the right. The male and female populations are broken down into 5-year age groups represented as horizontal bars along the vertical axis, with the youngest age groups at the bottom and the oldest at the top. The shape of the population pyramid gradually evolves over time based on fertility, mortality, and international migration trends. <br/><br/>For additional information, please see the entry for Population pyramid on the Definitions and Notes page.

Median age

comparison ranking: total 9

Population growth rate

comparison ranking: 206

Birth rate

comparison ranking: 200

Death rate

comparison ranking: 15

Net migration rate

comparison ranking: 53

Maternal mortality ratio

comparison ranking: 182

Infant mortality rate

comparison ranking: total 206

Total fertility rate

comparison ranking: 190

Tobacco use

comparison ranking: total 91

Environment

Government

National coat of arms

Germany’s coat of arms is the world’s oldest, said to date back to 1200, and uses the country’s national colors of black, yellow, and red. It features the oldest European national symbol, an eagle known as the Bundesadler (Federal Eagle). The coat of arms has varied over time for military or political reasons, but the eagle has always been part of the design. The Federal Republic of Germany adopted this version in 1950.

Economy

Real GDP growth rate

comparison ranking: 193

Real GDP per capita

comparison ranking: 28

Labor force

comparison ranking: 15

Unemployment rate

comparison ranking: 57

Public debt

comparison ranking: 68

Taxes and other revenues

comparison ranking: 124

Current account balance

comparison ranking: 2

Exports

comparison ranking: 3

Imports

comparison ranking: 3

Energy

Communications

Transportation

Airports

comparison ranking: 9

Heliports

comparison ranking: 8

Merchant marine

comparison ranking: total 38

Military and Security

Space

Terrorism

Transnational Issues

Contents